Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biodegradable

Academic literature on the topic 'Biodegradable'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Biodegradable"

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Contreras Ramírez, Jesús Miguel, Dimas Alejandro Medina, and Meribary Monsalve. "Poliésteres como Biomateriales. Una Revisión." Revista Bases de la Ciencia. e-ISSN 2588-0764 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/rev_bas_de_la_ciencia.v6i2.3156.

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Los materiales biodegradables se utilizan en envases, agricultura, medicina y otras áreas. Para proporcionar resultados eficientes, cada una de estas aplicaciones demanda materiales con propiedades físicas, químicas, biológicas, biomecánicas y de degradación específicas. Dado que, durante el proceso de síntesis de los poliésteres todas estas propiedades pueden ser ajustadas, estos polímeros representan excelentes candidatos como materiales sintéticos biodegradables y bioabsorbibles para todas estas aplicaciones. La siguiente revisión presenta una visión general de los diferentes poliésteres biodegradables que se están utilizando actualmente y sus propiedades, así como nuevos desarrollos en su síntesis y aplicaciones. Palabra clave: biomateriales, polímeros biodegradables, poliésteres, policarbonatos, biopolímeros. Abstract Biodegradable materials are used in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and many other areas. These applications demand materials with specific physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical, and degradation properties to provide efficient results. Since all these properties can be adjusted during the polyesters synthesis process, these polymers represent excellent candidates as biodegradable and bio-absorbable synthetic materials for all these applications. Here, in this review is presented an overview of the different biodegradable polyesters currently used, their properties, and new developments in their synthesis and applications. Keywords: biomaterials, biodegradable polymers, polyesters, polycarbonates, biopolymers.
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García-Estrada, Paulina, Miguel A. García-Bon, Edgar J. López-Naranjo, Dulce N. Basaldúa-Pérez, Arturo Santos, and Jose Navarro-Partida. "Polymeric Implants for the Treatment of Intraocular Eye Diseases: Trends in Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Materials." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050701.

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Intraocular/Intravitreal implants constitute a relatively new method to treat eye diseases successfully due to the possibility of releasing drugs in a controlled and prolonged way. This particularity has made this kind of method preferred over other methods such as intravitreal injections or eye drops. However, there are some risks and complications associated with the use of eye implants, the body response being the most important. Therefore, material selection is a crucial factor to be considered for patient care since implant acceptance is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the material from which the device is made. In this regard, there are two major categories of materials used in the development of eye implants: non-biodegradables and biodegradables. Although non-biodegradable implants are able to work as drug reservoirs, their surgical requirements make them uncomfortable and invasive for the patient and may put the eyeball at risk. Therefore, it would be expected that the human body responds better when treated with biodegradable implants due to their inherent nature and fewer surgical concerns. Thus, this review provides a summary and discussion of the most common non-biodegradable and biodegradable materials employed for the development of experimental and commercially available ocular delivery implants.
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Irawan, Andre Anantama, and Rizqi Puteri Mahyudin. "PENGOLAHAN DAN OPTIMALISASI BIOPLASTIK BERBAHAN DASAR PATI SINGKONG." Dampak 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/dampak.18.1.7-10.2021.

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Biodegradable plastic is a type of plastic that can be broken down by microorganisms into water and carbon dioxide gas as its final products after it has been used and disposed of in the environment, without leaving behind any toxic residue. Due to its ability to return to nature, biodegradable plastic is considered an environmentally friendly material. Cassava peel, obtained from cassava plant products (Manihot Esculenta Cranz), is a major food waste in developing countries. As the cassava cultivation area expands, it is expected that the production of cassava tubers will increase, resulting in a higher amount of cassava peel waste. Typically, every kilogram of cassava can produce approximately 20% cassava peel waste. The relatively high starch content in cassava peel makes it suitable for the production of biodegradable plastic films.Keywords: Bioplastic, Biodegradable, Cassava Starch, Biotechnology. ABSTRAK Plastik biodegradabel adalah plastik yang dapat terurai oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme menjadi hasil akhir berupa air dan gas karbondioksida, setelah habis terpakai dan dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa meninggalkan sisa yang beracun. Karena sifatnya yang dapat kembali ke alam, plastik biodegradabel merupakanbahan plastik yang ramah terhadap lingkungan. Kulit umbi singkong yang diperoleh dari produk tanaman singkong (Manihot Esculenta Cranz) merupakan limbah utama pangan di negara-negaraberkembang. Semakin luas areal tanaman singkong diharapkan produksi umbi yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi yang pada gilirannya semakin tinggi pula limbah kulit yang dihasilkan. Setiap kilogram singkong biasanya dapat menghasilkan 20% kulit umbi. Kandungan pati kulit singkong yang cukup tinggi, memungkinkan digunakan sebagai pembuatan film plastik biodegradasi. Kata kunci: Bioplastik, Biodegradabel, Pati Singkong, Bioteknologi
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López Bermúdez, Andrés Felipe, Osbaldo Arnulfo Fino Medina, and Laura Andrea Blanco Gómez. "Obtención y extracción de almidón de Manihot Esculenta Crantz para sintetizar polímeros biodegradables, ayudando a disminuir la contaminación de plásticos en Bucaramanga, Santander." FitoVida 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56275/fitovida.v2i2.29.

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La contaminación es uno de los mayores problemas de hoy en día, tiene un riesgo ambiental y social para todos los países del mundo, es mayormente constituida por los residuos no biodegradables, como lo es el plástico. Por lo tanto, se buscó una forma de remplazar este residuo por uno que fuera biodegradable y que no hiciera daño al ambiente. El objetivo de nuestro proyecto fue la obtención y extracción de almidón de yuca para sintetizar polímeros biodegradables, para ayudar a disminuir la contaminación de plásticos en Bucaramanga Santander. Y Los pasos que se realizaron para lograr este objetivo fueron los siguientes: extracción de almidón de yuca por método casero, realizar procesos de síntesis sobre el almidón para poder transformarlo en un polímero, por último, la ejecución de pruebas sobre el polímero. Se obtuvo de este proyecto una masa de apariencia lisa y marrón la cual era la muestra del polímero de almidón de yuca con un porcentaje 80/20 de almidón y glicerol. Este proyecto ha podido aportar diferentes maneras de sintetizar el polímero biodegradable a base de almidón de yuca para la creación del plástico biodegradable.
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Simarmata, Robinson Tua B., Vonny Setiaries Johan, Yossie Kharisma Dewi, Imelda Yunita, and Mhd Andry Kurniawan. "Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Dasar Pati Bonggol Pisang dengan Selulosa Jerami Padi." JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jah.v10i1.8267.

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Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari plastik biodegradable berbahan dasar pati bonggol pisang dengan selulosa jerami. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Pada penelitian ini melakukan penambahan selulosa jerami dengan perbandingan pati dan selulosa 1:0; 1:0,5 ; 1:1 dan 1:1,5. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap kuat tarik, perpanjangan putus, biodegradasi, pengembangan dan laju transmisi uap air. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Penambahan selulosa jerami berpengaruh terhadap pembuatan plastik biodegradable. Hasilnya adalah plastik biodegradable meningkatkan kekuatan tarik, mengurangi perpanjangan putus, meningkatkan biodegradasi dan hambatan udara, mengurangi laju transmisi uap air. Plastik biodegradabel dengan perlakuan terbaik adalah rasio perbandingan pati pati 1 : 1,5 selulosa. Plastik biodegrabable hasil terbaik memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik 9,56 MPa, perpanjangan 6,8%, biodegradasi lengkap pada hari ke 6, pembengkakan 41,51% dan WVTR 0,0156%.
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Arrieta, Marina Patricia, Santiago Ferrándiz, Juan López Martínez, and Emilio Rayón Encinas. "Correlación entre las propiedades macro, micro y nanomecánicas en polímeros termoplásticos biodegradables." Modelling in Science Education and Learning 9, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/msel.2016.4581.

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<p>En el presente trabajo se presenta el estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de un polímero biodegradable, poli(ácido láctico) (PLA), y sus variaciones debido a la adición de un 25 wt% de otro polímero biodegradable, poli(hidroxibutirato) (PHB). La muestra de PLA y la mezcla de PLA-PHB (75:25) fueron caracterizadas mecánicamente mediante ensayos de tracción, microdureza y nanoindentación con la finalidad de proporcionar un enfoque global de las propiedades mecánicas de estos materiales para facilitar a los estudiantes la comprensión de las propiedades mecánicas de los polímeros biodegradables.<strong></strong></p>
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Maqsood, Muhammad, and Gunnar Seide. "Biodegradable Flame Retardants for Biodegradable Polymer." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071038.

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To improve sustainability of polymers and to reduce carbon footprint, polymers from renewable resources are given significant attention due to the developing concern over environmental protection. The renewable materials are progressively used in many technical applications instead of short-term-use products. However, among other applications, the flame retardancy of such polymers needs to be improved for technical applications due to potential fire risk and their involvement in our daily life. To overcome this potential risk, various flame retardants (FRs) compounds based on conventional and non-conventional approaches such as inorganic FRs, nitrogen-based FRs, halogenated FRs and nanofillers were synthesized. However, most of the conventional FRs are non-biodegradable and if disposed in the landfill, microorganisms in the soil or water cannot degrade them. Hence, they remain in the environment for long time and may find their way not only in the food chain but can also easily attach to any airborne particle and can travel distances and may end up in freshwater, food products, ecosystems, or even can be inhaled if they are present in the air. Furthermore, it is not a good choice to use non-biodegradable FRs in biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). Therefore, the goal of this review paper is to promote the use of biodegradable and bio-based compounds for flame retardants used in polymeric materials.
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Diaz-Diaz, Elmer, Celestino Cabrera-Guevara, Yorly Diaz-Idrogo, Julio Santiago Chumacero-Acosta, and Pedro Wilfredo Gamboa-Alarcon. "Bandejas biodegradables de almidón de papa con fibra de tocón de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis L.)." Revista Agrotecnológica Amazónica 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e429. http://dx.doi.org/10.51252/raa.v3i1.429.

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Los envases biodegradables a base de almidón son una alternativa para disminuir la fracción de residuos sólidos urbanos originados por el uso de bandejas de poliestireno expandido, generalmente difíciles de biodegradarse. En el presente trabajo se ha investigado la obtención de una bandeja biodegradable de almidón de papa (A), fibra de tocones de espárrago (F) y glicerina (G), en un proceso de termoformado con presión de 24 bar a 150 °C por un tiempo de 20 minutos. Se empleó el Diseño de Mezclas Simplex Centroide para determinar las cantidades de los componentes en cada tratamiento. Las bandejas fueron caracterizadas mediante pruebas físicas (espesor y densidad) y pruebas mecánicas (fracturabilidad, dureza, resistencia a la tracción y porcentaje de elongación). Finalmente, mediante el uso de la función deseabilidad, se determinó que la mezcla óptima para la obtención de bandejas biodegradables fue la relación F/A de 85/6,89 y % G de 13,11%, que maximizó los valores de dureza (19,19 kg), fracturabilidad (9,09 mm), resistencia a la tracción (0,133 MPa) y porcentaje de elongación (2,998 mm).
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Battersby, N. S. "Biodegradable Lubricants: What Does ‘Biodegradable’ Really Mean?" Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 22, no. 1 (April 2005): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.2005.22.1.3.

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Samper, María, David Bertomeu, Marina Arrieta, José Ferri, and Juan López-Martínez. "Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101886.

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Recycling polymers is common due to the need to reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the polymers called ‘commodities polymers’ and it is commonly used in a wide variety of short-term applications such as food packaging and agricultural products. That is why a large amount of PP residues that can be recycled are generated every year. However, the current increasing introduction of biodegradable polymers in the food packaging industry can negatively affect the properties of recycled PP if those kinds of plastics are disposed with traditional plastics. For this reason, the influence that generates small amounts of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) in the recycled PP were analyzed in this work. Thus, recycled PP was blended with biodegradables polymers by melt extrusion followed by injection moulding process to simulate the industrial conditions. Then, the obtained materials were evaluated by studding the changes on the thermal and mechanical performance. The results revealed that the vicat softening temperature is negatively affected by the presence of biodegradable polymers in recycled PP. Meanwhile, the melt flow index was negatively affected for PLA and PHB added blends. The mechanical properties were affected when more than 5 wt.% of biodegradable polymers were present. Moreover, structural changes were detected when biodegradable polymers were added to the recycled PP by means of FTIR, because of the characteristic bands of the carbonyl group (between the band 1700–1800 cm−1) appeared due to the presence of PLA, PHB or TPS. Thus, low amounts (lower than 5 wt.%) of biodegradable polymers can be introduced in the recycled PP process without affecting the overall performance of the final material intended for several applications, such as food packaging, agricultural films for farming and crop protection.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biodegradable"

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Asplund, Basse. "Biodegradable Thermoplastic Elastomers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7434.

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Goodby, Amanda. "Biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethanes." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/32134/.

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The overall aim of this work was to investigate the biodegradability of a number of polyurethane elastomers synthesised by different methods and targeted for a specific agricultural purpose in which the polyurethane was required to be degradable in soil after its useful life. Polyurethanes were synthesised commercially using two different methods; a ‘one-shot’ method where all of the reactants were added simultaneously, and a ‘pre-polymer’ method, in which the isocyanate and polyol were reacted together before addition of the chain extender. The effect of the method of synthesis on the rate of degradation and biodegradation was investigated using accelerated alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and soil burial, where it was found that the polyurethane synthesised by the ‘pre-polymer’ method hydrolysed faster under alkaline conditions (21 days) than that synthesised by the ‘one-shot’ method (56 days). This was found to be due to differences in the polymer morphology, with an increase in microcrystalline domains occurring during the ‘one-shot’ process. The effect of the chemical constituents of the synthesised polyurethanes on the rate of degradation and biodegradation were also investigated. Comparison of polyurethanes synthesised with an aliphatic (H12MDI) and an aromatic isocyanate (MDI) resulted in an increase in the rate of alkaline hydrolysis with the use of H12MDI. This was found to be affected mainly by differences in the morphology, with an increase in microphase separation and a decrease in microcrystalline regions in the case of the use of H12MDI Polyurethanes were synthesised using different polyols; PEA, PCL, PEG and PCL/PEG (50:50) to investigate the effect of the polyol on the rate of biodegradation, where it was found that the polyurethane containing a combination of the two polyols, PCL/PEG (50:50), degraded under both accelerated hydrolysis conditions and soil burial. This was thought to be due to the combination of both hydrophilic (PEG) and hydrophobic (PCL) charactyers of the polyols, which had contributed to increasing the diffusion of water into the polymer matrix (hydrophilic PEG), and also to inducing the microbial degradation by hydrophobic interactions (PCL). The incorporation of the additives; iron stearate, cellulose and Cloisite 30B were examined as a means of increasing the degradation and biodegradation of the polyurethane polymers. Addition of iron stearate was found to decrease the thermal stability of the polyurethane, which resulted in an increase in polyurethane degradation under alkaline conditions at 45oC, and biodegradation under soil burial conditions at 50oC. The incorporation of cellulose into the polyurethane increased the rate of alkaline hydrolysis and biodegradation in soil. This polyurethane (PU CE) was also susceptible towards enzymatic degradation by Aspergillus niger. The incorporation of the organically-modified nanoclay Cloisite 30B has decreased the microcrystalline domain structure contained within the polyurethane, and this was found to decrease the rate of alkaline hydrolysis dramatically (degraded within 7 days).
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Casadio, Ylenia Silvia. "Biodegradable PHEMA-based biomaterials." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0173.

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[Truncated abstract] The synthetic hydrogel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) has been used as a biocompatible biomaterial in ocular devices, such as soft contact lenses, intraocular lenses and an artificial cornea. Due to its favourable properties as an already established (but non-biodegradable) biomaterial, PHEMA is an interesting candidate for use as a material for scaffolds in tissue engineering. A tenant of tissue engineering scaffolds is obtaining the appropriate porous morphology to allow for successful cellular attachment and support. PHEMA hydrogels exhibit varied morphological features, which range from non-porous (homogeneous) to macroporous (heterogeneous) and can be readily obtained by fine-tuning the polymerisation conditions. A desirable feature for matrices that are to be used as tissue supports is the ability to biodegrade in a biological environment. This thesis describes the preparation and enzymatic biodegradation behaviour of novel porous PHEMA hydrogels that have been crosslinked with biodegradable peptide-based crosslinking agents. Peptide-based crosslinking agents were designed to contain two terminal polymerisable groups flanking an internal biodegradable backbone. This backbone was specifically designed to be targeted by the proteolytic enzyme papain. The general design template allowed for the development of a synthetic methodology that was readily implemented for the production of a range of olefin-peptide conjugates. A suite of olefin-peptide conjugates of general structure I were synthesised, characterised and further tested with papain to determine their biodegradation properties. ... The second strategy for producing bioresorbable degradation fragments involved the incorporation of the highly hydrophilic comonomer, poly(ethylene glycol) PEG into the PHEMA backbone. The addition of PEG to PHEMA resulted in the formation of homogeneous hydrogels that had an improved hydrophilicity compared to their heterogeneous PHEMA counterparts. The synthetic conditions for the preparation of PHEMA and PHEMA-co-PEG hydrogels by photoinitiated polymerisation were thoroughly investigated. It was found that the pore morphology and general properties (non-porous to macroporous) of these hydrogels could be controlled by the appropriate choice of polymerisation conditions. The hydrogels were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The peptide-based crosslinking agents were successfully co-polymerised with the HEMA and PEGMA via photoinitiated polymerisation to provide a range of PHEMA and PHEMA-co-PEG hydrogels that displayed both homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrogel properties. The final crosslinked hydrogels were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The PHEMA-peptide conjugate hydrogels proved to be biodegradable, with degradation behaviour dependent on the hydrogel formulation and the length of the peptide-based crosslinking agent.
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Suwattana, Siripan. "Biodegradable polymers via RAFT." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549765.

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This research has shown that biodegradable monomer (5,6-benzo-2- methylene-1,3-dioxepane) (BMOO) can be achieved. Also its homo-and-eo- polymerisation can be successfully realised via RAFT and ROP polymerisation techniques. BMOO was synthesised with the modification via the dehydrobrornination of 5,6-benzo-2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-dioxepane in a good yield (95% yields). The homopolymerisation of BMOO were designed to produce a target OP of 200 via living "polymerisation" and complete ring-opening polymerisation. A narrow POI (1.09) and an M n= 4,697 g mol' were observed after 24 hours for the reaction in the presence of the CT A(MCPDB)' The copolymerisation of MMA and BMOO in the presence of the CT A(CPDB) gave better control over the polymerisation than that achieved using the CT A(MCPDB) and the CTA(ETSPE), at 120 "C. A narrow POI (1.36) and an Mn= 16,662 g mol' were observed after 24 hours. The copolymer was shown to be results of a combination of 1,2-addition polymerisation and of ring-opening copolymerisation. The reactivity ratio of the monomers was calculated using the Kelen- Tudos method (rMMA= 1.12 and rBMDO= 0.43). The copolymerisation of styrene with BMOO in the presence of the CTA(cPDB) gave the better control than that given by the CT A(MCPDB) and the CTA(ETSPE), at 120aC (Sty:BMOO, with an initial feed of 33%:67%). A narrow POI (1.18) and M n= 9,684 g rnol' were obtained after 24 hours. The % ratio of BMOO that was incorporated into the final polymeric chain was Sty:BMOO= 64.3%:35.7% and the copolymer was formed from ring-opening polymerisation only. The reactivity ratio of the monomers was calculated using the Kelen-TOdos method (rsty= 2',56 and rBMDO= 0.64). NMR, FTIR and UVlVis spectroscopy provided further evidence that the final polymers were the product of a ring-opening polymerisation. As required, thermal analysis techniques were used to ascertain the consequences of the copolymerisation, with respect to thermal consequences (decomposition) and compositional features.
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Tolentino, Chivite Ainhoa. "Ionic complexes of biodegradable polyelectrolytes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144662.

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Biopolymers are polymers produced by living organisms. A more broad classification would embrace also those polymers synthesized from renewable sources which are able to display biodegradability. The demand of biopolymers has been continuously growing along these last decades. The main reason for such increasing interest is their sustainability; the renewable origin of biopolymers makes them inexhaustible in contrast with synthetic polymers produced from finite fossil sources. Biodegradability is a second advantage; due to the presence in the nature of enzymes able to degrade biopolymers under environmental conditions to give non-toxic products, their impact on the environment is basically trivial. Finally, the use of more or less modified biopolymers as biomaterials, owing to their unique properties of biocompatibility and biodegradability, has aroused their interest in several disciplines. As a result of all these considerations, great efforts in biopolymers research including chemical modification, characterization and property evaluation are today being carried out to develop new materials able to replace traditional plastics in a wide diversity of applications. In the present Thesis, a selection of carboxylic biopolymers has been studied for their capacity to form stable ionic complexes with cationic surfactants suitable to render new materials with advanced properties. Previous studies on polyelectrolytesurfactant complexes carried out in our group have demonstrated that these coupled systems tend to be self-assembled in well-ordered structures that can be exploited for building films and particles with singular properties as biomaterials. The main goal of this Thesis is the study of polyelectrolyte-ionic complexes based on naturally occurring polyacids and cationic surfactants. One part of the work delves into the complexes of poly(g-glutamic acid), a system that has been object of continuous research in our group from 90s. The aim is to progress in the development by making them "greener" through coupling with bio-based surfactants, and by improving their basic properties through blending with nanoclays. The other part is dedicated to explore the ionic complexes made from poly(uronic acid)s and cationic surfactants. This is the first time that such complexes are examined and their structural features and properties compared to those displayed by complexes based on poly(glutamic acid). Experimentally, the Thesis embodies a multidisciplinary task work including preparation, structural characterization and evaluation of thermal properties of a series of ionic complexes, as well as a preliminary valuation of the suitability of some of them to be used as drug delivery systems. Hence, the specific objectives in this Thesis are enumerated as follows: 1. Synthesis and chemical characterization of ionic complexes of poly(uronic acid)s (pectinic, alginic and hyaluronic acids), with trimethylalkylammonium surfactants of n= 18, 20 and 22. Structural and thermal analysis of these complexes and critical comparison of results with those available for complexes made of poly(glutamic acid). 2. Synthesis and characterization of choline-based surfactants for the preparation of fully bio-based polyglutamic complexes as an alternative to complexes based on trimethylalkylammonium surfactants in their potential use as biomaterials. Structural and thermal analysis of these complexes and their preliminary evaluation as nano-particulated drug delivery systems. 3. Preparation of composites of poly(glutamic acid)-cationic surfactant complexes with organo-modified nanoclays, their extensive structural characterization and the evaluation of their thermal and mechanical properties compared to those displayed by the neat complexes. The Thesis is organized in five Chapters. After a very brief summary of the whole work with explicit definition of the objectives, Chapter I is an introduction to the subject, in which an extensively referenced account of the main hints previously achieved in the field is provided and the state-of-art is described. The following three Chapters correspond to the three specific objectives enumerated above. Chapter II gathers the synthesis, characterization and properties evaluation study carried out on ionic complexes of poly(uronic acid)s. Chapter III is focused on the study of ionic complexes of polyglutamic and alkanoylcholines, the synthesis and characterization of the surfactants, the preparation of their complexes with poly(glutamic acid) and their possibilities as potential biomaterials. Chapter IV covers the preparation of the composites made of Cloisite 30B and poly(glutamic acid) complexes along with a detailed study of their structure by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and modeling, and a correlative analysis of their structure with their thermal and mechanical properties. Chapter V contains the whole collection of conclusions that have been drawn from the Thesis. The author’s profile and published scientific production coming out from the Thesis constitute the body of the closing part.
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Lal, Sumit. "Biodegradable packaging from whey protein." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/13815.

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Biodegradable packaging films from whey protein concentrate were made in this study. A total of 46 formulations were made in the form of thin (50 - 120um) films by using solvent casting. Additives used in the formulations included plasticizers i.e glycerol and propylene glycol, chaotropic agent i.e guanidine thiocynate, gelation and crosslinker i.e glutaraldehyde. Tensile tests showed an increase in tensile strength with the addition of glutaraldehyde (1.2 v/v) and gelatin (upto 50% wt%). Addition of glycerol, propylene glycol and guanidine thiocynate increased elongation of films. Water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of films containing glycerol, propylene glycol and guanidine thiocynate increased, while films made with gelatin, glutaraldehyde showed lower permeability for oxygen and water. Glass transition temperature was measured by DSC and results showed consistent decrease in Tg with increasing amount of plasticizer and chaotropic agent. Biodegradability was measured by degradation in 1% pancreatin. Results showed lower degradation time for formulations containing increasing proportions of glutaraldehyde and gelatin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate changes in covalent bonding post glutaraldehyde crosslinking. Peaks corresponding to stretching of imine bonds were found at 1590 cm-1 suggesting crosslinking reaction between glutaraldehyde and terminal amine residues of whey/gelatin. Scanning electron micrographs showed an increase in relative porosity for compositions containing glycerol when compared to formulation containing only whey. Surface micrographs of formulations with gelatin showed phase separation. The phase separation may be attributed to partial immiscibility of whey with gelatin.
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Zorlutuna, Pinar. "Cornea Engineering On Biodegradable Polyesters." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605779/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT CORNEA ENGINEERING ON BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS Zorlutuna, Pinar M. Sc., Department of Biotechnology Supervisor: Prof. Vasif Hasirci Co-Supervisor: Asst. Prof. AySen Tezcaner January 2005, 66 pages Cornea is the outermost layer of the eye and has an important role in vision. Damage of cornea due to injuries or infections could lead to blindness lowering the quality of life of the patient severely. In such cases, transplantation or artificial corneas have been used for treatment but both had drawbacks. The novel approach for corneal replacements is the tissue engineering of the cornea, a promising method which would be free of these drawbacks, if successful. In this study, carriers for tissue engineering of the cornea were designed and tested in vitro. Blends of biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters of natural (PHBV8) and synthetic (PLLA) origin were used to construct these carriers. For the epithelial layer of the cornea, PLLA-PHBV8 micropatterned films were prepared with solvent casting and seeded with D407 (retinal pigment epithelial) cells. In order to achieve proper cell growth, the films were coated with fibronectin. For the stromal layer of the cornea, highly porous foams of PLLA-PHBV8 were prepared by lyophilization and seeded with 3T3 cells (fibroblasts). A new approach was developed to create a combination of the film and the foam to obtain a surface patterned, 3 dimensional cell carrier. These carriers were seeded with Saos-2 cells (osteosarcoma cells) in the preliminary optimization studies and with D407 and 3T3 cells in further studies. The cell numbers on the carriers were quantified by using MTS assay (non-radioactive cell proliferation assay) and the cell proliferation on polymeric carriers was significantly higher than that of control (Tissue culture polystyrene) by the day 14. Characterization of these cells and the carrier was done using a variety of microscopic methods. The micrographs showed that the foam had a highly porous structure and the pores were interconnected. 3T3 cells were found to be distributed quite homogeneously at the seeding site, but due to the high thickness of the foam, the cells could not sufficiently populate the core (central parts of the foam) during the given incubation time. The micropatterned film allowed multilayer formation of D407 cells. The functionality of the cells seeded on the carriers was examined by immunohistochemistry. These analyses proved that the cells retained their phenotype during culturing. D407 cells formed tight junctions characteristic of epithelial cells, and 3T3 cells deposited collagen type I into the foams. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the 3-D PLLA-PHBV8 construct with surface patterns have a serious potential for use as a tissue engineering carrier for the reconstruction of the cornea. Key words: Tissue engineering, cornea, polymeric carrier, biodegradable, polyester.
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Goksu, Emel Iraz. "Hemicellulose Based Biodegradable Film Production." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605940/index.pdf.

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Xylan was extracted from cotton waste, characterized by DSC and TGA analysis and used in biodegradable film production. Pure cotton waste xylan did not form film. The presence of an unknown compound, as an impurity, yielded composite films. The unknown compound was determined as a phenolic compound, and most probably lignin, by using DSC and TGA analysis and Folin-Ciocalteau method. The effects of xylan concentration of the film forming solutions, glycerol (plasticizer) and gluten additions on thickness, mechanical properties, solubility, water vapor transfer rate, color and microstructure of the films were investigated. Films were formed within the concentration range of 8-14%. Below 8%, film forming solutions did not produce films, whereas xylan concentrations above 14% was not used because of high viscosity problems. The average tensile strength, strain at break, water vapor transfer rate and water solubility of the cotton waste xylan films were determined as about 1.3 MPa, 10%, 250 g/m2.24h and 99%, respectively. The addition of glycerol as the plasticizer resulted in a decrease in the tensile strength and an increase in strain at break. The change in water solubility due to the addition of glycerol was very small. In addition, water vapor transfer rate and the deviation of the color from the reference color for the plasticized films were found to be higher than the unplasticized films. The effect of addition of wheat gluten in cotton waste xylan film forming solutions on film formation was investigated at different concentration ratios. However, the incorporation of wheat gluten worsen the film quality.
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Haider, Anita. "Synthesis of functionalised biodegradable polyesters." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12037.

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Graf, Tyler A. "Poly(disulfidediamines) : new biodegradable polymers." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3457.

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The turnovers of a gold(III) chloride catalyst were increased by 3,300% with the addition of several equivalents of (2,2,6,6-tretramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)oxy and catalytic amounts of copper(II) chloride. A three component coupling reaction between piperidine, phenylacetylene, and benzaldehyde yielded a propargylamine in quantitative conversions and isolated yields when gold(III) chloride was added in catalytic amounts, but the gold catalyst decomposed and had little to no reactivity when a second set of piperidine, phenylacetylene, and benzaldehyde were added after the reaction was complete. The addition of (2,2,6,6-tretramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)oxy and copper(II) chloride to reactions with gold(III) chloride maintained the catalytic activity of the gold for up to 33 cycles. This result demonstrates a new way to greatly increase the turnovers of a gold(III) chloride catalyst with the addition of inexpensive, commercially available reagents. The synthesis and some of the physical properties of the first poly(disulfidediamines) are reported. These polymers were synthesized in high yields and with conversions up to >98% by reactions between secondary diamines and a new disulfide monomer. The disulfide monomer was synthesized in two steps without the need for column chromatography. The polymerizations were robust and completed at room temperature, under ambient atmospheric conditions, and in solvents that were used as purchased. These polymers were stable, but they rapidly decomposed under acidic, aqueous conditions to release hydrogen sulfide. A method for quantifying the hydrogen sulfide released was also developed.
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Books on the topic "Biodegradable"

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Kumar, Kaushik, and J. Paulo Davim, eds. Biodegradable Composites. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110603699.

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Loh, Xian Jun, and David James Young, eds. Biodegradable Thermogels. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788012676.

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Fakirov, Stoyko, ed. Biodegradable Polyesters. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.

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Hermawan, Hendra. Biodegradable Metals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31170-3.

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Baggott, J. E. Biodegradable lubricants. London: Shell, 1993.

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Schlechter, Melvin. Biodegradable polymers. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 2001.

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Ephron, Amy. Biodegradable soap. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.

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Salazar, Margarita del Rosario, Jose Fernando Solanilla Duque, Aide Saenz-Galindo, and Raul Rodriguez-Herrera. Biodegradable Polymers. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003230533.

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Rydz, Joanna. Biodegradable Polymers. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429352799.

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Kalia, Susheel, ed. Biodegradable Green Composites. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118911068.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biodegradable"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "biodegradable." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1159.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Biodegradable." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1313.

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Zhang, Chi. "Biodegradable Polyesters: Synthesis, Properties, Applications." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 1–24. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch1.

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Odent, Jérémy, Jean-Marie Raquez, and Philippe Dubois. "Highly Toughened Polylactide-Based Materials through Melt-Blending Techniques." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 235–74. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch10.

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Miao, Yue-E., and Tianxi Liu. "Electrospun Biopolymer Nanofibers and Their Composites for Drug Delivery Applications." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 275–98. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch11.

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Kimble, Lloyd D., and Debes Bhattacharyya. "Biodegradable Polyesters Polymer-Polymer Composites with Improved Properties for Potential Stent Applications." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 299–320. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch12.

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Das, Raj, and Kariappa M. Karumbaiah. "Biodegradable Polyester-Based Blends and Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 321–40. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch13.

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Agarwal, Seema. "Functional (Bio)degradable Polyesters by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 25–45. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch2.

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Rehm, Bernd H. A. "Microbial Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyesters: Processes, Products, Applications." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 47–72. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch3.

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Achilias, Dimitris S., and Dimitrios N. Bikiaris. "Synthesis, Properties, and Mathematical Modeling of Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyesters Based on 1,3-Propanediol and Dicarboxylic Acids." In Biodegradable Polyesters, 73–108. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656950.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biodegradable"

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Strach, Chloe, George Rushlau, Maureen Hennenfent, and Theresa Passe. "Biodegradable Plastics." In The 3rd Global Virtual Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education. Michigan Technological University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.yeah-conference/april2021/all-events/37.

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Sassi, P. "Biodegradable building." In COMPARING DESIGN IN NATURE WITH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dn060091.

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Nguyen, Thanh Duc, and Eli J. Curry. "Biodegradable Piezoelectric Sensor." In 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bsn.2019.8771096.

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Chew, Ben H., Boris A. Hadaschik, Ryan F. Paterson, Dirk Lange, James C. Williams, Andrew P. Evan, James E. Lingeman, and James A. McAteer. "Biodegradable Ureteral Stents." In RENAL STONE DISEASE 2: 2nd International Urolithiasis Research Symposium. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2998013.

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Park, J., and J. Brugger. "Biodegradable Implantable Microsystems." In 2022 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm45625.2022.10019376.

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Mazitova, A. K., I. N. Vikhareva, E. A. Udalova, L. Z. Rol'nik, and G. K. Aminova. "Obtaining biodegradable plasticizer." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068970.

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Nisar, Shubh, Yash Jhaveri, Tanay Gandhi, Tanay Naik, Sanket Shah, and Pratik Kanani. "Waste Segregation into Biodegradable & Non-Biodegradable using Transfer Learning." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Information System (ICDSIS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdsis55133.2022.9915984.

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Kuhn, K., W. Witek, and H. Kuhnle. "Disposal of biodegradable plastics." In Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.1999.747616.

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Raj, Jeberson Retna, B. Infant Philo Rajula, R. Tamilbharathi, and Senduru Srinivasulu. "AN IoT Based Waste Segreggator for Recycling Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Waste." In 2020 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs48705.2020.9074251.

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Debusschere, Nic, Matthieu De Beule, Patrick Segers, Benedict Verhegghe, and Peter Dubruel. "Modeling of Coated Biodegradable Stents." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80425.

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A bioresorbable stent supports the stenosed blood vessel during the healing period after coronary angioplasty and then gradually disappears. Unlike permanent stents, the biodegradable stent forms no obstacle for future interventions. Moreover, the degradable stent material presents an ideal vehicle for local drug delivery. Long term side effects inherent to drug eluting stents such as in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis might be avoided [1]. To date, several bioresorbable stents are being developed or are currently being tested in clinical trials. Two classes of biomaterials are being used in biodegradable stent technology: biodegradable polymers and bioerodible metal alloys. Polymers can be tailored to have a well-defined degradational behaviour but have relatively poor mechanical properties. Biocorrodible metals such as magnesium alloys have good mechanical characteristics but display a more complex an less predictive degradational behaviour. A biocorrodible metallic stent coated with a biodegradable polymer might be able to combine the benefits of both metallic and polymeric biodegradable stents. Finite element modelling can play an important role in the study of nevel stent designs. To correctly simulate the behaviour of degradable stents a material model must be developed that incorporates the effect of degradation on all material characteristics. In case of a coated biocorrodible magnesium stent this includes corrosion modelling, the effect of the coating and the influence of mechanical loading on the corrosion rate.
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Reports on the topic "Biodegradable"

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Dumont, Joseph. Discovering New Biodegradable Plastics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1811869.

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Alec Brewer, Alec Brewer. Transforming Styrofoam waste into biodegradable plastic. Experiment, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/13643.

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Fallis, Kathleen, Katherine Harper, and Rich Ford. Control of Biofouling using Biodegradable Natural Products. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603755.

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Cornell iGEM, Cornell iGEM. Organofoam: Can we improve biodegradable fungal styrofoam substitutes? Experiment, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/0655.

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Kim, Jaehwan. Feasibility of Biodegradable MEMS based on Cellulose Paper. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473772.

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Micklin, E., W. Moestopo, and A. Parakh. Soil Sensors in Agriculture: From Unsustainable to Biodegradable. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2325252.

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Zhang, Ann, and Michael Carus. Bio-based and Biodegradable Plastics Industries in China. Nova-Institut GmbH, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52548/jvsu6976.

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Micklin, E., W. Moestopo, and A. Parakh. Soil Sensors in Agriculture: From Unsustainable to Biodegradable. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2372806.

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van der Zee, Maarten. Biodegradability of biodegradable mulch film : A review of the scientific literature on the biodegradability of materials used for biodegradable mulch film. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/544211.

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Käb, Harald, Florence Aeschelmann, Lara Dammer, and Michael Carus. Consumption of biodegradable and compostable plastic products in Europe. Nova-Institut GmbH, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.52548/hhtp8922.

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