Academic literature on the topic 'Bioclusters'

Bioclusters have grown in popularity in the last decade in response to the global environmental and climate challenges. These clusters envisage sustainable and local production value chains in different sectors of the bioeconomy. However, the sustainability of these clusters is often questioned because of the negative social and environmental effects they can have both inside and outside of their region. At present, a framework is missing to analyze these effects that span multiple levels and multiple scales. The aim of this paper is to develop such a multiscalar framework. For this aim, we conducted a meta-analysis of biocluster case studies. As a result, we constructed a framework that combines the aspects of sustainability, knowledge and resource flows, cluster network properties, and the political and institutional structures. We tested this framework on the question of how the different scales of biocluster performance interact and depend on each other.

Goal – the main purpose of this article is to substantiate the organizational capabilities of the formation of digital bioclusters in the Brest region. In this regard, the issues of building supply chains during the period of technological structure change are considered, especially on the basis of bioproduct specifics, since they become the most relevant in the general spectrum of scientific problems of economic theory and practice. Research methodology – the authors of the study focused on descriptive and monographic methods, cluster analysis and assessment of institutional effectiveness. Score/results – in this article, the authors present conclusions and results on the systematization of the whole complex of problems in the formation of supply chains of bioproducts and the possibility of the formation of bioclusters in the Brest region. Originality/value – the article presents original original material, since it is published for the first time and has a high potential for practical application, which leads to the presence of a corresponding added value within the framework of the study and confirms its scientific value.

Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-138).
Increasing competition and specialization of firms in the life sciences industry has led to recognition of the need for collaboration. Bioclusters, the co-location of life sciences entities in a specific geographic area, have therefore emerged as a global trend. While it is assumed that such clusters allow stakeholders to realize synergies through participation and presence in the local area, the collaborative behavior within these clusters has yet to be explored. The goal of this study was to characterize the barriers and enablers of effective collaboration within bioclusters, and amongst their key stakeholder groups. This study directly compared the bioclusters of San Diego and Singapore to gain an understanding of their relative collaborative environments. San Diego, with cluster longevity of over 40 years, provided an example of organic growth, given its roots in entrepreneurial activities. The Singapore cluster, still in an embryonic state, has a history of organized growth due to the leadership, support, and funding of the Singaporean government. The study of clusters that differ in history of formation and longevity of presence provided the breadth of information needed for an effective comparison of their collaborative environments and approach to collaborative endeavors.
(cont.) Key stakeholder groups, namely academia, industry, finance, and government, were identified and interviews within each cluster were targeted accordingly. Eighteen interviews were conducted in San Diego and sixteen in Singapore. Through literature review, design of a detailed questionnaire, completion of 34 interviews, and analysis of the resulting data, an empirical assessment of the environment for collaboration within each biocluster was performed. Use of two scoring models provided an objective relative comparison of the clusters, serving as tools to view aggregated interview results. The first model measured the environment for and level of local collaboration and resulted in a Collaboration Score. The second model compared the process of engagement in collaborative endeavors, and resulted in a Formality of Approach Score. The scoring models were also used to compare the collaborative behavior of key stakeholder groups. Results from relative scoring models indicated a higher Collaboration Score for Singapore as compared to San Diego (p-value=0.0421), and a higher Formality of Approach Score for San Diego, trending toward significance. Aggregate analysis of key stakeholder groups found finance as the most collaborative, with a higher Collaboration Score when compared to industry, the least collaborative group (p-value=0.0189).
(cont.) A higher Formality of Approach Score was also seen for finance when compared to academia (p-value=0.0479). Other notable results include a greater degree of local competition within San Diego (p-value=0.0266) and a particularly low percentage of local industry collaborations in both bioclusters, when compared to academia (p-value=0.0002). The enablers of collaboration in the San Diego biocluster were identified as the entrepreneurial culture and the existence of top research institutes, and barriers were found to be the high level of competition amongst cluster members and the lack of local venture capital presence. The enablers in the Singapore biocluster were identified as the physical co-location of public and private entities in the Biopolis and the leadership and financial support provided by the Singaporean government, and barriers were the culture of risk aversion that exists in the cluster and the relatively few entrepreneurs, who often serve as a backbone for the creation of informal networks. A model for the development of a biocluster was also identified through a comparison of the cluster formation history of San Diego and Singapore. This model needs to be refined and further tested for general applicability, but does suggest a promising start.
(cont.) Collaborations are important for the continued cycle of innovation in the field of life sciences. Bioclusters provide a forum for these collaborations to occur. Promoting the enablers and removing the barriers increases the effectiveness of collaborations, enhancing the success of a biocluster and its member firms.
by Rupa Bahri.
S.M.

Pour répondre aux défis du siècle, tels que le changement climatique, la sécurité alimentaire et l’épuisement des ressources naturelles, les institutions européennes ont placé, au cœur de leurs dispositifs de politiques publiques, le développement de la bioéconomie. Cette bioéconomie, considérée comme un modèle de développement capable de répondre à chacun de ces défis, tout en permettant la poursuite de la croissance, est déployée à l’échelle des États membres de l’Union, notamment par une incitation à la constitution de bioclusters. Si les bioclusters ont un rôle aussi crucial à jouer dans le déploiement de la bioéconomie, se pose alors la question de leurs conditions d’émergence. Comment apparaissent-ils et se structurent-ils sur un territoire ? Est-il possible de répliquer des modèles existants sur d’autres territoires ? La thèse se propose de répondre à ce questionnement, d’une part, par un travail théorique, consistant en un rapprochement de l’économie de la proximité et de l’économie patrimoniale et, d’autre part, par un travail empirique, analysant la structuration en cours de la bioéconomie du chanvre industriel dans l’Aube, autour du projet du « Pôle Européen de la bioraffinerie territoriale du Chanvre »
To meet the challenges of the 21st century, such as climate change, food security and the depletion of natural resources, European institutions have placed the development of the bioeconomy at the heart of their public policies. This bioeconomy, seen as a development model capable of responding to each of these challenges while enabling continued growth, is being rolled out across the Union's member states, in particular by encouraging the creation of bioclusters. If bioclusters have such a crucial role to play in the deployment of the bioeconomy, the question arises as to the conditions of their emergence. How do they emerge and structure themselves in a given region? Is it possible to replicate existing models in other regions? The aim of this thesis is to answer these questions, on the one hand through theoretical work, bringing together the economy of proximity and the heritage economy, and on the other through empirical work, analyzing the current structuring of the industrial hemp bioeconomy in the Aube region, in particular around the "Pôle Européen de la bioraffinerie territoriale du Chanvre" project

Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, Center for Real Estate, 2008.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-89).
Globalization has created a dynamic and rapidly changing marketplace. A business must move quickly to capitalize on the changing environment. For example, many global biotechnology firms are seeking new geographical locations as part of their strategy to expand their business. Korea's biotechnology reputation and prospects as a potential site for biotech businesses is attracting increase attention. The Yeongjong Project is one choice. For the ongoing development of Korean bioclusters, this study will demonstrate potential and the attractiveness of Korea's biocluster sites, which may help international biotechnology firms relocate and reposition in Korea. Biotechnology is an umbrella term so this study identifies what the biotechnology and biotechnology industry are, as well as its characteristics and risks. Secondly, the biotechnology market will be analyzed both globally and domestically to understand the industry trend. This paper compares successful international bioclusters such as Tuas Medical Park in Singapore and University Park at MIT in the U.S, along with Korea's Wonju Medical Valley and Daedeok Techno Valley. This study explains different innovations and success factors, and characteristics of each cluster and whether the success factors are applicable to the Yeongjong Project. Finally, this thesis will identify the area and its characteristics suitable for a biocluster and propose appropriate product types through market feasibility.
by Junghun Choi.
S.M.in Real Estate Development

This chapter introduces artificial life as a means of exploring strategic relations dynamics between firms and local authorities within a local biotechnology cluster. It argues that artificial life, combined with a conception of bioclusters as complex adaptive systems, offers a significant approach to understanding the co-evolution of strategies and the potential vulnerability of such systems. The simulation model involves firms and local government administrations that negotiate to share a quasi-rent, and which, to this end, use strategies that are to a greater or lesser extent sophisticated or opportunistic. The results show that the firms adjust their bargaining strategies according to their assessment of gains which might be collectively generated. The results also bring to light that the local authorities play a regulatory role against opportunism and that they are the key players in local coordination. Stemming from these simulations, the authors develop promising new avenues of theoretical and empirical research.