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Journal articles on the topic 'Biochronology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

McRoberts, Christopher A. "Biochronology of Triassic bivalves." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 334, no. 1 (2010): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp334.9.

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2

Cirilli, Omar, Helena Machado, Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales, Christina I. Barrón-Ortiz, Edward Davis, Christopher N. Jass, Advait M. Jukar, et al. "Evolution of the Family Equidae, Subfamily Equinae, in North, Central and South America, Eurasia and Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene." Biology 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091258.

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Studies of horse evolution arose during the middle of the 19th century, and several hypotheses have been proposed for their taxonomy, paleobiogeography, paleoecology and evolution. The present contribution represents a collaboration of 19 multinational experts with the goal of providing an updated summary of Pliocene and Pleistocene North, Central and South American, Eurasian and African horses. At the present time, we recognize 114 valid species across these continents, plus 4 North African species in need of further investigation. Our biochronology and biogeography sections integrate Equinae taxonomic records with their chronologic and geographic ranges recognizing regional biochronologic frameworks. The paleoecology section provides insights into paleobotany and diet utilizing both the mesowear and light microscopic methods, along with calculation of body masses. We provide a temporal sequence of maps that render paleoclimatic conditions across these continents integrated with Equinae occurrences. These records reveal a succession of extinctions of primitive lineages and the rise and diversification of more modern taxa. Two recent morphological-based cladistic analyses are presented here as competing hypotheses, with reference to molecular-based phylogenies. Our contribution represents a state-of-the art understanding of Plio-Pleistocene Equus evolution, their biochronologic and biogeographic background and paleoecological and paleoclimatic contexts.
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3

Fara, Emmanuel. "Estimates of phylogeny and biochronology." Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 7, no. 3 (December 30, 2004): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2004.3.01.

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4

Lucas, Spencer G. "Tetrapod Footprint Biostratigraphy and Biochronology." Ichnos 14, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940601006792.

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5

Lindsay, Everett. "Eurasian mammal biochronology: an overview." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 133, no. 3-4 (October 1997): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(97)00083-7.

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6

Hills, Scott J., and Hans R. Thierstein. "Plio-Pleistocene calcareous plankton biochronology." Marine Micropaleontology 14, no. 1-3 (May 1989): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(89)90032-7.

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7

Jorissen, F. J., A. Asioli, A. M. Borsetti, L. Capotondi, J. P. de Visser, F. J. Hilgen, E. J. Rohling, K. van der Borg, C. Vergnaud Grazzini, and W. J. Zachariasse. "Late Quaternary central Mediterranean biochronology." Marine Micropaleontology 21, no. 1-3 (April 1993): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(93)90014-o.

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8

Fernández López, Sixto. "Taphonomic concepts for a theoretical biochronology." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 6, no. 1 (August 11, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25035.

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9

Lucas, Spencer G. "Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 143, no. 4 (November 1998): 347–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(98)00117-5.

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10

Lucas, Spencer G. "Global Permian tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 265, no. 1 (2006): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.265.01.04.

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11

Lucas, Spencer G., and Adrian P. Hunt. "Permian tetrapod footprints: biostratigraphy and biochronology." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 265, no. 1 (2006): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.265.01.08.

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12

Hunt, Adrian P. "Non-marine Cretaceous biostratigraphy and biochronology." Episodes 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i1/013.

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13

Gradstein, Felix, Anna Waskowska, and Larisa Glinskikh. "The First 40 Million Years of Planktonic Foraminifera." Geosciences 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020085.

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We provide a biochronology of Jurassic planktonic foramininfera, using first order linkage to ammonite and nannofossil stratigraphy and geochronology. This enigmatic and understudied group of microfossils occurred from middle Toarcian through Tithonian time, from ~180 to ~143 Ma; its origin is unknown. There are three genera: Globuligerina, Conoglobigerina and Petaloglobigerina. The genus Globuligerina, with a smooth to pustulose test surface texture appeared in Toarcian (late Early Jurassic) and Conoglobigerina, with a rough reticulate test surface texture in Oxfordian (early Late Jurassic) time. The genus Petaloglobigerina, having a petaloid last whorl with one or more claviform and twisted chambers evolved in early Kimmeridgian time from Globuligerina balakhmatovae. Biochronologic events for Jurassic planktonic foraminifera are most like First Common Appearance or Last Common Appearance events. The very first or very last appearance levels of taxa are not easily sampled and detected. We recognize stratigraphic events from eleven species across four postulated evolutionary lineages, calibrated to Geologic Time Scale 2020. A faunal change, which is not well documented led to the survival of only one taxon, most likely Gobuligerina oxfordiana in the Tithonian.
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14

Alroy, John. "Appearance event ordination: a new biochronologic method." Paleobiology 20, no. 2 (1994): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012677.

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The fundamental goal of biochronology is ordering taxonomic first and last appearance events. The most useful biochronologic data are of the form “the first appearance event of one taxon predates the last appearance event of a second taxon” (FAE < LAE). FAE < LAE data sets are unusually reliable because they converge on a unique solution with greater sampling. The fact that the FAE of one taxoni< the LAE of another taxonjalways can be inferred either ifiis found lower thanjin a stratigraphic section, or ifiandjco-occur in at least one taxonomic list. Thus, FAE < LAE data accurately synthesize two disparate sources of information: routine biostratigraphic observations and taxonomic lists that may have no stratigraphic context. Appearance event ordination, the new method introduced here, is intended to summarize FAE < LAE data. The algorithm is founded on the following parsimony criterion: arrangements of FAEs and LAEs should always imply FAEi< LAEjwhen this is known, and otherwise imply LAEj< FAEiwhenever possible. The technique differs from others related to correspondence analysis in its use of FAE < LAE data and explicit definition as a parsimony method. The algorithm is even more unique in that it uses different subsets of FAEi< LAEjstatements at each iterative step, converging on separate sets of scores for the FAEs and LAEs. After arranging either the FAEs or the LAEs on the basis of their scores, the other set of scores can be discarded and the best arrangement of the remaining events can be inferred directly. An analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene mammalian record in the Lake Turkana region is used to illustrate the method. Biochronologic resolution on the order of 0.2-1.5 m.y. is achieved. The Turkana species lists by themselves demonstrate enough FAEi< LAEjrelationships to resolve the basic biochronologic pattern, but stratigraphic information is still of great use.
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15

Álvarez-Sierra, María Ángles, Israel García-Paredes, Verónica Hernández-Ballarín, Lars W. Van Den Hoek Ostende, Kees Hordijk, Paloma López-Guerrero, Albert J. Van Der Meulen, Adriana Oliver, and Pablo Paláez-Campomanes. "Models of historical biogeography and continental biochronology." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 28, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.28.2.17847.

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16

Lucas, Spencer G. "Permian tetrapod biochronology, correlation and evolutionary events." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 405–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp450.12.

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17

Cuenca-Bescós, Gloria, Juan Rofes, Juan Manuel López-García, Hugues-Alexandre Blain, Roger J. De Marfá, Maria A. Galindo-Pellicena, M. Lluc Bennásar-Serra, et al. "Biochronology of Spanish Quaternary small vertebrate faunas." Quaternary International 212, no. 2 (February 2010): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.007.

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18

Kučera, Michal. "Biochronology of the mid-Pliocene Sphaeroidinella event." Marine Micropaleontology 35, no. 1-2 (November 1998): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8398(98)00016-4.

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19

Stoetzel, Emmanuelle. "Late Cenozoic micromammal biochronology of northwestern Africa." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 392 (December 2013): 359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.09.026.

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20

Bradbury, J. P., and W. N. Krebs. "Fossil Continental Diatoms: Paleolimnology, Evolution, and Biochronology." Short Courses in Paleontology 8 (1995): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001458.

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Diatoms are golden brown algae (class Bacillariophyceae) whose cellular contents are enclosed between two valves or shells of silica. They are classified into groups with radial symmetry (centric diatoms) and axial symmetry (pennate diatoms). The latter are subdivided as raphid and araphid diatoms according to the presence or absence of raphes (slit-like structures) that allow diatoms to move along firm surfaces. Many centric and some araphid diatoms are planktonic, maintained by turbulence in the limnetic region of a lake, whereas raphid diatoms live on the lake bottom or are attached to objects in the illuminated zone.
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21

Lirer, Fabrizio, Luca Maria Foresi, Silvia Maria Iaccarino, Gianfranco Salvatorini, Elena Turco, Claudia Cosentino, Francisco Javier Sierro, and Antonio Caruso. "Mediterranean Neogene planktonic foraminifer biozonation and biochronology." Earth-Science Reviews 196 (September 2019): 102869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.013.

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22

KOIZUMI, ITARU. "Diatom biochronology for late Cenozoic northwest Pacific." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 91, no. 3 (1985): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.91.195.

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23

Sandberg, Charles A., and Willi Ziegler. "Devonian conodont biochronology in geologic time calibration." Senckenbergiana lethaea 76, no. 1-2 (December 1996): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03042852.

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24

Krebs, William N., J. Platt Bradbury, and Edward Theriot. "Neogene and Quaternary Lacustrine Diatom Biochronology, Western USA." PALAIOS 2, no. 5 (1987): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514621.

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25

Raia, Pasquale, and Lorenzo Rook. "The Evolution of Large Mammal Communities: Beyond Biochronology." Annales Zoologici Fennici 51, no. 1-2 (April 2014): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/086.051.0207.

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26

Callomon, John H. "Jurassic ammonite biochronology of Greenland and the Arctic." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41 (November 30, 1994): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-41-12.

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􀀬e standard biochronological chronostratigraphy of the Phanerozoic and of its conjugate time-scale has been refined over a century and a half by a process of top-down subdivision in a hierarchy of successively smaller units. The finest units currently accepted, at the seventh level of the hierarchy, are the Subzones widely used in the Jurassic, thanks to that System's exceptional guide-fossils, its ammonites. But the time-resolution even at this level is not yet at the limits attainable through biostratigraphy. The ultimate observable is a characteristic fauna! horizon, defined as a fossiliferous stratum or succession of strata within whose specified fossil assemblages no further evolutionary - as opposed to compositional - changes can be dis­tinguished. Such a horizon represents effectively a biochronological instant. The fossil record is resolved into a succession of such instants, recognizable perhaps in as little as a single section and separated by time-gaps of unknown duration. The time-intervals between the ages t of successive horizons represent the limits of temporal resolution, bt, discernible by means of fossils. They depend strongly on the fossils employed and may be expressed in terms of their secular resolving-power, R = tlbt. Some estimates selected from the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic are compared in a Table. The geographical limits of time-correlation by means of fossils are often set by bioprovincial endemisms of the organisms of which the fossils are the remains. The biochronology, and any standard chronostratigraphical scale based upon it, has therefore to be worked out in each Province separately, and such provincial scales correlated in regions of provincial overlap, if known. An excellent example is found in the Middle and Upper Jurassic of East Greenland. Its ammonite biochronology is today represented by some 100 fauna! horizons. But the ammonites are largely confined to a sharply segregated Arctic, Boreal Province, for which they now provide a standard zonation. Detailed correlations with the primary standards of Europe continue to range from the problematical to the impossible.
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27

Alroy, John. "Diachrony of mammalian appearance events: Implications for biochronology." Geology 26, no. 1 (1998): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0023:domaei>2.3.co;2.

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28

Moffat, I. W., R. M. Bustin, and G. E. Rouse. "Biochronology of selected Bowser Basin strata; tectonic significance." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-150.

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Recent evaluation and reinterpretation of fossil floral and faunal data more clearly define the ages of strata exposed in the Groundhog Coalfield and the surrounding Bowser Basin of north-central British Columbia. In the Groundhog Coalfield, Bowser Lake Group strata consist of an overall coarsening-upwards cycle divisible into four informal stratigraphic units, which are, from oldest to youngest, the Jackson, Currier, McEvoy, and Devils Claw units. The section has an unconformable relationship with underlying Bajocian Spatsizi marine shales, volcanics, and arenaceous sediments. Marine macrofossils indicate a Callovian to Oxfordian age for the Jackson unit. The fossil plant succession present in the overlying Currier unit indicates Late Jurassic affinities. Recent unpublished palynologic data from lower McEvoy rocks in the northern Groundhog Coalfield suggest a Barremian age. The palynoassemblage present in the lower Devils Claw unit in the central part of the Groundhog Coalfield suggests a late middle Albian age.Rocks of the Sustut Group have an angular unconformable relationship with underlying Bowser Lake Group strata near the eastern margin of the Bowser Basin. The palynoassemblage present in Sustut Group rocks from the southern Sustut Basin suggests a Campanian to Maastrichtian age range, in contrast to a probable late Albian to Campanian age range for the northern Sustut Basin and a middle to late Albian age from Sustut Group outliers present within the northern Bowser Basin. Within the Groundhog Coalfield, Devils Claw strata have a conformable or paraconformable relationship with underlying Bowser Lake Group strata.Regional discrepancy in the age and geometry of the sub-Sustut unconformity is attributed to a time-transgressive unconformity that resulted from cratonward advance of an isostatically induced peripheral bulge. Age and contact relationships suggest that deformation in the Bowser Basin and surrounding Sustut Basin must have spanned the time period that corresponds to a second uplift pulse of the Columbian orogen (Aptian to early Cenomanian) and the uplift pulse related to the Laramide orogen (Campanian to Maastrichtian).
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29

Goričan, Špela, Luis O’Dogherty, Peter O. Baumgartner, Elizabeth S. Carter, and Atsushi Matsuoka. "Mesozoic radiolarian biochronology – current status and future directions." Revue de Micropaléontologie 61, no. 3-4 (December 2018): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2018.08.001.

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30

Erbajeva, M. A. "The ochotonids of Eurasia: Biochronology and taxonomic diversity." Biology Bulletin 43, no. 7 (December 2016): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359016070062.

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31

Callomon, John H. "Palaeontological methods ofstratigraphy and biochronology: Some introductory remarks." Geobios 27 (December 1994): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(94)80122-3.

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32

Lucas, Spencer G., Joerg W. Schneider, and Giussepe Cassinis. "Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology: an introduction." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 265, no. 1 (2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.265.01.01.

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33

Fortelius, Mikael, Aristides Gionis, Jukka Jernvall, and Heikki Mannila. "Spectral ordering and biochronology of European fossil mammals." Paleobiology 32, no. 2 (March 2006): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/04087.1.

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34

Megirian, Dirk, Gavin J. Prideaux, Peter F. Murray, and Neil Smit. "An Australian land mammal age biochronological scheme." Paleobiology 36, no. 4 (2010): 658–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09047.1.

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Constrained seriation of a species-locality matrix of the Australian Cenozoic mammal record resolves a preliminary sixfold succession of land mammal ages apparently spanning the late Oligocene to the present. The applied conditions of local chronostratigraphic succession and inferences of relative stage-of-evolution biochronology lead to the expression of a continental geological timescale consisting of, from the base, the Etadunnan, Wipajirian, Camfieldian, Waitean, Tirarian, and Naracoortean land mammal ages. Approximately 99% of the 360 fossil assemblages analyzed are classifiable using this method. Each is characterized by a diagnostic suite of species. An interval of age magnitude may eventually be shown to lie between the Camfieldian and Waitean, but is currently insufficiently represented by fossils to diagnose. Development of a land mammal age framework marks a progressive step in Australian vertebrate biochronology, previously expressed only in terms of local faunas. Overall, however, the record remains poorly calibrated to the Standard Chronostratigraphic Scale. Codifying the empirical record as a land mammal age sequence provides an objective basis for expressing faunal succession without resort to standard chronostratigraphic terms with the attendant (and hitherto commonly taken) risks of miscorrelating poorly dated Australian events to well-dated global events.
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35

Agustí, Jorge, and Salvador Moyà-Solà. "Spanish Neogene Mammal succession and its bearing on continental biochronology." Newsletters on Stratigraphy 25, no. 2 (November 28, 1991): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nos/25/1991/91.

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36

Jattiot, Romain, Hugo Bucher, and Arnaud Brayard. "Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas from Timor: taxonomy and biochronology." Palaeontographica Abteilung A 317, no. 1-6 (April 28, 2020): 1–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/pala/2020/0096.

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37

Danelian, Taniel, and Špela Goričan. "Radiolarian biochronology as a key to tectono-stratigraphic reconstructions." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.183.4.269.

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38

Shevyrev, A. A. "Triassic biochronology: State of the art and main problems." Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 14, no. 6 (December 2006): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869593806060037.

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39

Starratt, Scott W. "Long-Term Records of Continental Diatoms Paleolimnology and Biochronology." Paleontological Society Papers 13 (October 2007): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001480.

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The great abundance and diversity of diatoms in lacustrine sediments and their ability to adjust to rapid changes in physical, chemical, and biological conditions makes them ideal for the study of lake history. Continuous diatom records from long-lived lakes have the potential to answer questions of basin history, climate variability, ecological change, and evolution. Isolated Tertiary outcrops provide a more limited record of environmental conditions, but as the ability to correlate individual exposures improves through the use of techniques such as tephrochronology, it is becoming possible to evaluate the timing of environmental or evolutionary changes on a regional basis.
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40

Solé, Floréal, Marc Godinot, Yves Laurent, Alain Galoyer, and Thierry Smith. "The European Mesonychid Mammals: Phylogeny, Ecology, Biogeography, and Biochronology." Journal of Mammalian Evolution 25, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 339–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9371-8.

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41

Megirian, Dirk. "Approaches to marsupial biochronology in Australia and New Guinea." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 18, no. 3 (January 1994): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519408619499.

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42

Chan, KS, T. Zhang, and KM Bailey. "Otolith biochronology reveals factors underlying dynamics in marine fish larvae." Marine Ecology Progress Series 412 (August 18, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08698.

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43

Ueno, Katsumi, Thuy Thi Nhu Ha, and Yasufumi Iryu. "Foraminiferal Biochronology of the Triassic Hoang Mai Formation, Central Vietnam." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 49, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.49.3.339.

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AbstractForaminiferal biostratigraphy was investigated for the first time in the Triassic Hoang Mai Formation distributed in the southeastern part of the Sam Nua Basin which was developed along the northeastern margin of the Indochina Block during the Permian–Triassic. The formation consists entirely of carbonates and is embedded within the underlying volcano-sedimentary Dong Trau Formation and overlying fine-siliciclastic Quy Lang Formation. We examined an approximately 300 m-long core section drilled in the northeastern part of Nghe An province of north Central Vietnam. Based upon the stratigraphic distributions of 24 foraminiferal taxa, including Citaella dinarica, Citaella? deformata, Endotriada tyrrhenica, Endotriadella wirzi, Endotriadella pentacamerata, Pilamminella grandis, Pilammina cf. densa, and Triadodiscus cf. praecursor, we assigned a Pelsonian age for the main part of the Hoang Mai Formation, with its lower/basal part of the core section probably extending down into the Bithynian. Thus, the Hoang Mai Formation is referred to the middle Anisian (early Middle Triassic). We also attempted taxonomic reexamination of foraminifera reported previously from the formation and confirmed the probable occurrence of Aulotortus eotriasicus. This and other taxonomic revision executed on formerly reported foraminifera resulted in further strengthening a middle Anisian appraisal for this formation. In ascending order, the three Middle Triassic lithostratigraphic units distributed in the Sam Nua Basin are the Dong Trau, Hoang Mai, and Quy Lang formations; they have been considered to overlie each other with simple superposition. Elsewhere in the Sam Nua Basin in north Central Vietnam, however, the Balatonites ammonoid fauna, which is considered to be coeval with the present foraminiferal fauna from the Hoang Mai Formation, is known in the uppermost part of the “underlying” Dong Trau Formation and the lowermost part of the “overlying” Quy Lang Formation. This strongly implies heteropic facies development of these three formations in the Sam Nua Basin during Middle Triassic time.
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44

Colombero, Simone. "Messinian rodents from Moncucco Torinese, NW Italy: palaeobiodiversity and biochronology." Geodiversitas 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n3a4.

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45

Wiese, F. "Cambrian acritarchs from Upper Silesia, Poland-biochronology and tectonic implications." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 38, no. 2 (June 2000): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2000.382118.x.

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46

Palombo, Maria Rita. "Biochronology of European Quaternary mammalian fauna: scrutinizing a challenging issue." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1118.

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47

Vanguestaine, M. "Cambrian acritarchs from Upper Silesia, Poland-biochronology and tectonic implications." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 158, no. 1-2 (May 2000): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(99)00172-8.

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48

Pickford, Martin. "Synopsis of the biochronology of African Neogene and Quaternary Suiformes." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 61, no. 2 (January 2006): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00359190609519953.

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49

RAYFIELD, E. J., P. M. BARRETT, R. A. McDONNELL, and K. J. WILLIS. "A Geographical Information System (GIS) study of Triassic vertebrate biochronology." Geological Magazine 142, no. 4 (July 2005): 327–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680500083x.

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Abstract:
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been applied extensively to analyse spatial data relating to varied environmental issues, but have not so far been used to address biostratigraphical or macroevolutionary questions over extended spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use GIS techniques to test the stability, validity and utility of proposed Middle and Late Triassic ‘Land Vertebrate Faunachrons’ (LVFs), a global biostratigraphical framework based upon terrestrial/freshwater tetrapod occurrences. A database of tetrapod and megafloral localities was constructed for North America and Western Europe that also incorporated information on relevant palaeoenvironmental variables. This database was subjected to various spatial analysis techniques. Our GIS analysis found support at a global level for Eocyclotosaurus as an Anisian index taxon and probably Aetosaurus as a Norian indicator. Other tetrapod taxa are useful biostratigraphical/biochronological markers on a regional basis, such as Longosuchus and Doswellia for Late Carnian time. Other potential index fossils are hampered, however, by taxonomic instability (Mastodonsaurus, Metoposaurus, Typothorax, Paleorhinus, Pseudopalatus, Redondasaurus, Redondasuchus) and/or are not clearly restricted in temporal distribution (Paleorhinus, Angistorhinus, Stagonolepis, Metoposaurus and Rutiodon). This leads to instability in LVF diagnosis. We found only in the western Northern Hemisphere is there some evidence for an Anisian–Ladinian biochronological unit amalgamating the Perovkan and Berdyankian LVFs, and a possible late Carnian unit integrating the Otischalkian and Adamanian.Megaplants are generally not useful for biostratigraphical correlation in the Middle and Upper Triassic of the study area, but there is some evidence for a Carnian-age floral assemblage that corresponds to the combined Otischalkian and Adamanian LVFs. Environmental biases do not appear to strongly affect the spatial distribution of either the tetrapods or megaplants that have been proposed as index taxa in biostratigraphical schemes, though several examples of apparent environmental bias were detected by the analysis. Consequently, we argue that further revision and refinement of Middle and Late Triassic LVFs is needed before they can be used to support global or multi-regional biostratigraphical correlations. Caution should therefore be exercised when using the current scheme as a platform for macroevolutionary or palaeoecological hypotheses. Finally, this study demonstrates the potential of GIS as a powerful tool for tackling palaeontological questions over extended timescales.
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50

PALOMBO, Maria R. "Biochronology, paleobiogeography and faunal turnover in western Mediterranean Cenozoic mammals." Integrative Zoology 4, no. 4 (December 2009): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00174.x.

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