Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biochimie clinique – Étude et enseignement'
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Pesnelle, Marie-Françoise. "Enseignement de la biologie clinique aux jeunes techniciens et ses problèmes." Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10511.
Full textAdeline, Frédérique. "L'accès à l'écriture à l'école maternelle : Observation clinique de pratiques enseignantes." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100135.
Full textThe present thesis deals with an unusually addressed stage, i. E. The moment when an infant shifts from drawing to writing, from an oral mode of representation of the language to the abstract alphabetical code. Be it handwriting activities, coding, organizing a text and so on, I am considering the writing process all the way through the set of pedagogical tools that a teacher implements in order to work on the various dimensions of the scriptural operation. My theoretical framework is that of a psychoanalytically informed approach of teaching that has conceptualized the link to knowledge. I have focused my attention on one of its modalities: the link to writing. In this perspective, “…writing is considered [as] a tool seized by a writer with which s/he develops a complex relationship…” (C. Barré De Miniac, 2000). This, precisely, is the relationship I choose to observe in its ordinary setting. I pay particular attention to the psychic processes at work in teaching practices and to the teacher’s position within the psychic space of writing in a class. Hence, the use of psychoanalytical concepts proves illuminating in my endeavour to understand how these practices develop. According to me, gaining access to writing in nursery school appears to be an enduring hardship, a turning point in the constitution of the infant’s link to writing. The writing process taking place here may be considered as being part of the symbolization process. Therefore, both the pupil and the teacher are likely to be confronted again with some separation anxieties that are inherent to a more archaic stage of psychic structuration. According to his/her personal link to writing and to pupils, the teacher thus seems to be arranging a specific kind of “psychic environment”, the quality of which is in part shaping the infant’s opportunity to gain access to writing
Dugrand, Marcel. "Approches théorique, expérimentale et clinique de l'enseignement du football : exemple au Sénégal." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN1009.
Full textParé, Élaine. "Raisonnement clinique en Techniques d’inhalothérapie : étude des modalités d’enseignement et des interventions pédagogiques lors des stages." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5968.
Full textHeuser, Frédéric. "Du savoir enseigné et évalué à la référence de l'enseignant d'EPS : étude didactique clinique en karaté." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/646/.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study in what a teaching practice in physical education returns to a reference and to determine function of it. The object of research is centered then on the research of the traces of the knowledge of reference of the teacher, whom we will extract by the analysis from the differences between the knowledge to be taught, really taught knowledge, knowledge to be evaluated and really evaluated knowledge. Methodology is centered on a clinical didactic study, on a case-by-case basis. The analysis of the verbatim of three teacher on the first and the last meeting of a cycle of karate in EPS, as well as talks handle meeting, post and according to blow constitute the corpus which will use to extract the traces from the knowledge taught and evaluated with an aim to infer and present the knowledge of reference of the teacher. The results show a constant rehandling of the teaching reference whose functional aspects and structural aspects change during the teaching process
Jezequel-Cuer, Maryvonne. "Enrichissement et caractéristiques enzymatiques d'une alpha1-3 fucosyltransférase hépatique humaine : étude des variations des activités a1-2, a1-3, a1-3/4 et a1-6 fucosyltransférasiques hépatiques au cours des pathologies hépatobiliaires." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114815.
Full textSIGNEYROLE, JEAN. "Du processus de regulation et du processus d'evaluation. Pour une approche clinique de la connaissance : ecriture et dialogues dans la formation des kinesitherapeutes." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10101.
Full textConort, Ornella. "Transposition aux hôpitaux français de la formation en pharmacie clinique adaptée de l'exemple nord-américain : application au groupe hospitalier Cochin à Paris." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114811.
Full textHouillon, Jean-Charles. "Attention et motivation au coeur du système éducatif lors de l'apprentissage de la proportionnalité : dimensions cognitive, clinique et didactique." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150183011#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis research within the frameworks of psychology and the mathematics didactic approaches the notions of attention, concentration and motivation of the pupils in a school situation where a mathematical object (the proportionality) is approached. It tends to show that the pupils, who live mathematic difficulties in the school institution, are not in those difficulties only because of attention problems, in spite of the fact that this hypothesis would have been advanced. The internal as well as external analysis of the data gathered directly from recorded lessons and interviews with teachers and targeted pupils, plus the reading of teachers’ documents allows one, by meaning the various sources together, to map the entire activity of the subjects in question. Two groups of pupils, in six classes of cycle III, are then compared in their cognitive attention skills. It seems that the control group (4 pupils), which is not in failure, and the experimental group (4 pupils), which is in trouble without being helped by the whole RASED, do not present significant differences about 5 tests. In interviews and a clinical investigation (TAT) these two groups do not appear to present a difference in their comprehensive report on knowledge as an object of desire. So, the didactic situation really gives the pupils the possibility of being or not attentive and motivated subjects. By leaning essentially on the works of G. BROUSSEAU, CHEVALLARD, M. L. SCHUBAUER LEONI, C. MARGOLINAS, I. BLOCH and E. COMIN, this work shows that the didactic episodes structuration about the object "proportionality", the effects of didactic contracts, and the lack of institutional relationship between the teachers and the taught object (because of insufficient formation), do not create the conditions so that the observed pupils can be completely actors of their learns. Motivation, attention and concentration, explained as lacks resulting from the only subject, would thus be notions, which would to be understood as elements built by the didactic situation
Cochet, Hervé. "Contribution à la compréhension des processus de constitution d'un regard clinique en formation initiale en masso-kinésithérapie : Formation - Complexité - Changement de regard." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10004.
Full textLéal, Yves. "L’éducation à la santé dans un enseignement polyvalent : une étude de cas contrastés en didactique clinique à l’école élémentaire." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20043/document.
Full textThis thesis suggests describing, analyzing and understanding, in the clinical didactic background, the practice of class of elementary school teachers during some sessions of teaching disciplinary integrating content relating to the health education. The mobilized abstract notions lean on the fundamental principles of the didactics: the threefold approach, the didactic contract in articulation with the psychoanalytical postulates of the unconscious and the division of the person. The questioning gets organized around the following axes: (1) locate the “déjà-là décisionnel” in approaches to health education; (2) observe and understand the singularity of the person in the original versatility composition which he creates; (3) understand and describe the links which become established between the taught knowledge and the various components of the “déjà-là décisionnel”; (4) envisage the unconscious phenomena in the work in class during the process of transmission-appropriation of contents in health education. The methodology leans on three time of the clinical didactic approach. The interview of “déjà-là” informs about the intentions, the conceptions, the experiences of the person. The “épreuve” is an observation in situ of the ordinary practices of class. The interview in the “après-coup” is a phase of confrontation of the hypotheses of the researcher with the point of view of the teacher. The results present two very contrasted cases, which teach the health education with different approaches and present two original compositions testifying of the singularity of them "déjà-là expérientiel". The numerous divisions to which they are subjected oblige them to compose, at the risk sometimes of certain dishonest compromises
Buznic-Bourgeacq, Pablo. "La transmission du savoir expérientiel : étude de cas et analyses comparatives en didactique clinique de l'EPS." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/683/1/.
Full textIn this research we identify how the teacher personal experience on a specific activity may have a great influence into his practical teaching experience. The practices of four recently qualified PE teachers are examined through comparative analysis and case studies. An epistemological analysis of the experiential knowledge and a transpositive analysis of its transmission framed an analysis of the effective practices. This framework led to quantitative comparisons and qualitative analysis of teaching methods supported by uneven personal experiences in the taught activities. Generic trends and experienced teaching have been identified. The clinical didactics analysis of the teachers' views about their own practices through a theory of the didactic subject have led to construct each teacher case by identifying how the experience determines the place he assumes in the didactics
Courteaud, cazanove Line. "Le Rôle de l'autoévaluation dans le développement professionnel du conducteur novice en formation initiale : étude clinique de cas en autoconfrontation croisée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0460.
Full textThe research that we present analyzes the effect of certain pedagogical modalities prescribed in the EU-Gadget report (Siegrist, 1999) on the achievement of the higher levels of the driver behavior matrix. According to the findings of this report, road safety training is more likely to have an impact on drivers' future behavior, if it incorporates the psychological and social dimensions of driving, self-awareness, understanding factors risks that degrade the behavior and learning of self-evaluation. Self-knowledge appears as the triggering factor for a professional development process, while behavior change is the end-point. Given the importance given to social interactions, especially to the alternation of education and the evaluation of practices, in the pedagogical methods implemented in our learning model for citizen mobility, we focused our research on analysis of the role of established social relationships among novice peers in their professional development. From the analysis of the effects of the evaluation and the pedagogy of the alternation on the awareness of the individual and collective risk, and moving on the course of professional development thus initiated, we come to describe a self-evaluating course leading to the learning of new behaviors. Indeed, these two pedagogical modalities favor the learning of social and metacognitive skills by the self-evaluating discourse on the experience of the experience
Bouitbir, Jamal. "Étude des effets des statines sur la fonction mitochondriale des muscles cardiaque et squelettique." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6258.
Full textStatins is very effective drugs in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, statins induced deleterious effects including muscular pains. It was clearly established that mitochondria were a privileged target of statins and were the principal source of free radicals. However, no study concerned the effect of statins on this ROS production. The first part of my thesis demonstrated that in vitro, atorvastatin decreased mitochondrial respiration whatever the phenotype and increased the ROS production. On the other hand, a chronically endurance training decreased these deleterious effects in skeletal muscles. Besides, we demonstrated that on treated rats chronically with atorvastatin, the endurance capacities decreased. The second part of my thesis showed that statins acted according to the concept of “mitohormesis”. Indeed, statins induced in glycolytic muscle an important increase of ROS extending beyond the antioxidant system inducing a deactivation of the mitochondrial biogenesis and a decrease of muscular oxidative capacities. On the other hand, in the cardiac muscle where the antioxidant capacities are important, statins induced a moderate increase of ROS which allowed to the activation of the mitochondrial biogenesis. These works allowed understanding why and how statins acted differently in cardiac and skeletal muscles and opening perspectives in the treatment of the muscular pains following a treatment with statins
Policard, Florence. "Formateurs en soins infirmiers et simulation clinique : profils et manifestations de l'engagement dans l'activité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100089/document.
Full textThis thesis in education science focuses on the nurse trainers using full-scale clinical simulation in their training plans. This educational tool, based on experiential apprenticeship and reflexivity on the practice, is considered both innovative and complex to use. It especially requires questioning the customary practices of teaching. The author’s has tried to identify what determines and characterizes the commitment of the trainers in this activity, and to understand how and according to which logics that commitment manifests itself at the heart of their practices. The search crossed the sociocognitive theoretical framework of Bandura (1977) and the vocational didactics (Pastré, 1997, 2002); it also used models of commitment and of teaching practice. This study has a descriptive approach of the commitment profiles in the activity and a comprehensive approach of their demonstrations. The empirical material was obtained from semi-directive interviews, observations in situation followed by self-confrontation interviews. It was handled according to qualitative and quantitative mixed methods. The results highlight a dominant profile, favouring the dialogical and hermeneutic logics, and a second profile, underlined by logics rather personal and technical; hence allowing the author to propose a typology of commitment profiles in the activity. The observed and analysed practices reveal the influence of the commitment profile on the educational perspective. A strong tension between a control position and a “let it go” position was identified, the latter being the sign of a transformation in the implementation of learning beliefs
Alvarez, Dominique. "Enseigner l'analyse sensorielle du vin, ressorts didactiques et déjà-là sensoriel de l'enseignant , études de cas en didactique clinique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20079.
Full textThe sensory analysis of wines is an omnipresent object of instruction in professional and technical schools in hotel and catering sector. Its olfactory part is particularly difficult to teach. The double competence to be acquired is based on the smelling (odors and aromas) and the saying (oral description of wine to the customers of the restaurant). To try to make this teaching less opaque, we rely on the reference social practice of sommellerie. We use clinical didactics to pose the theoretical and conceptual framework of the subject taken in the didactics to follow and understand the issues of knowledge, through the lighting of the teaching subject, in the teaching of the olfactory part of the sensory analysis of wines.Through an exploratory questionnaire, four collaborating teachers from four contrasting profiles are selected. Each case is then built and analyzed: Philibert "As I can" an experienced non-specialist teacher, Nadia "Appealing to her childhood references" beginner teacher, Christian "No one is wrong (...) you have to follow a leader, a model, a mentor "experienced teacher and Jeremy" It's hard (...) to pass on to them the knowledge that I have "novice teacher. When reconciling cases, indicators of teaching practices are deduced. The olfactory part of the sensory analysis appears as a knowledge impossible to institutionalize, under the influence of a sensory already-there of the teaching subject and it seems animated by didactic springs which act on the teaching practices. The last part of this thesis brings praxeological propositions: the results of research contribute to the implementation of recommendations. Clinical didactics offers heuristic tools for teacher training
Carayon, Kévin. "Étude des paramètres structuraux et cinétiques caractérisant les interactions intégrases rétrovirales / ADN et l'étape de 3'-processing." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363674.
Full textBen, Hsouna Hejer. "L'expertise dans l'enseignement de l'EPS : analyse didactique clinique de quatre professeurs." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30223.
Full textThis research aims to establish a relationship between the personnel and body expertise of the physical education and sport (PES) teacher within a sport and physical activity and its teaching within the context of Didactic Clinical Analysis of the teacher knowledge. We will favor the singularity and the sense which consider the knowledge of the subject (Chevallard, 1989, Charlot, 1997, Beillerot & al, 1996). The specificity of the discipline PES, the body place, the anchorage praxeologic of knowledge, will focus particularly on the link of the physical sport activity (PSA) and the link to the body. We will focus on the issue of the expertise (Durand, 2000, Giordan, 1993, Tochon, 1993) which became crucial for the teaching of PES and we will present comprehensive elements and sense to many links to teacher's knowledge of PES through this notion. We estimate that the subjectivity of the teacher (own history and singular trajectory) not only define its own personnel link to the knowledge of the specialist but also set up the content and pedagogy of the teaching according to its own skills and well distinguish the teaching of unskilled. Another PSA will not have the same logic. We will follow a qualitative approach through an exploratory research based on clinical case study that we have realized with four PES teachers. Methodology of research include side observation and interviews guidelines (structured and semi structured interviews). Through these four case studies, we have put in evidence their intersections, the significance of the body " print " (trace) in the teaching of PES in general and didactic analysis of PSA in particular
Lerner-Sei, Sophie. "Le professeur d'éducation musicale au collège : entre le soi-musicien et le soi-enseignant : étude clinique du rapport de l'enseignant à l'objet de sa discipline." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100013.
Full textThe author tries to seize the processes at work in the intimate link developed by a teacher with his/her academic subject, in the present case musical education in secondary schools. The study is built on a psychoanalytically-oriented approach. Questioning her own link to music, a matter of identity, the author sets the theoretical and conceptual background upon which she develops her research questions by working through counter-tranferential elements. The paper is organized in four parts. In the prologue, between myth and reality, the author presents a clinical reading of a story that launches the questions dealt with in the first part, the cornerstone of the encounter between two types of listening : musical and clinical. The second part is dedicated to musical education as an academic subject from a socio-historical and institutional point of view, highlighting the delicate issues raised by it's teaching. A clinical reading of the national curriculum for music (1997) complements this presentation. In the third part, interviews with four junior high school music teachers' are analyzed. From these it can be infered how teachers, psychically speaking, reconcile their link to music with the didactical link, through a study in object-relation and narcissistic modes. To conclude, the author analyzes a didactical situation she has experienced in her own practice and that has been worked through. This leads her to consider as a necessity to offer to teachers the possibility, on a continuous training basis, of benefiting from clinical support devices for their professional pratice
Cadiou, Sandra. "Didactique clinique de l'écriture de fiction en lycée professionnel : division du sujet et conversion didactique dans l'apprentissage." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20026/document.
Full textWe assume that there is a personal investment of pupils when they write. Basing on the clinical didactics approach, I question the learning of writing fiction in vocational high schools. This theoretical framework is based on the hypothesis of Freud’s unconscious mind and it considers the subject to be singular, liable to subjection and divided. In fact, the division of the subject, the result of their entry into language, is probably a guiding impulse in the process of writing and, therefore, of its learning. My work questions the existence of a psychic investment of pupils, in connection with their division, when they learn to write fiction. If such division exists, I want to shed light on its relationship with the know-how to write and thereby assert the existence of a didactic conversion, just like such a phenomenon is also noticeable with the subject-teacher (Buznic-Bourgeacq, 2005).I observed four pupils : Soleil, Nicolas, Blow and Luc, during the sequence “write a short story with a surprising ending " in a French class. The case constructions that I built for each one would show a psychic investment in relation to the division of the subject
Demoussa, Eugénie. "Le développement de l'expérience professionnelle dans la formation initiale des enseignants : une étude comparée des mécanismes et des conditions des enseignants débutants entre la France et l'Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0535.
Full textMany disparities and common concerns in initial formation teachers are observed in a study conducted with groups of beginners and trainers during practical courses in the first degree of Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly in Gabon and Senegal, compared to France.The cross-look between these different contexts seems to reveal various commitment levels of beginners in the implementation of tools "to take and do the class" learned in initial training in the practice situations observed in classroom. If all novice professors are concerned about researching the effectiveness of their own activity in a real classroom situation in a focus of student learning, the interviews self-confrontations, alloconfrontations and collective confrontation reveal difficulties and country-specific decision-making in how to grasp the relationship between what is learned in training and what is necessary to understand about the context in order to be able to "do the class ".This study proposes an analysis of the training situations of the beginners during the interviews educational advice with their supervisors, comparable to the novices’ situations’ development in each of the contexts of the three countries : for example, the awareness of the object or effective tools for a conceptualization of the action (Vergnaud, 1992) or effective development of knowledge or skills
Guignard, Marc. "Devenir enseignant de mathématique : étude des modalités du transfert didactique : vers une prise en compte d'une parentalité psychique interne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB251.
Full textThis thesis, which take place in a clinical approach with a psychoanalytic orientation in the sciences of education, focuses on the future mathematics teacher. Previous research in such an approach has led researchers to describe the time of transfer from student to teacher, as "professional adolescence" (Bossard, 2004) and to propose (Blanchard-Laville, 1997) (Chaussecourte, 2003, 2014) the notion of transfert didactique to apprehend modalities of the relation to knowledge in the space of the class. In line with this work, this thesis proposes to put to work the notion of transfert didactique through two methodological modalities to the conjugation of which it reflects. It is firstly, clinical interviews of research and on the other hand clinical observations. The latter are declined in two forms, one "ultra-clinical" (Chaussecourte, 2003) and the other more instrumented (Blanchard-Laville, 1997). The coupling observation and interview is the subject of a methodological interrogation. In this thesis, mathematics is considered both as an object of instruction and as a potentially structuring object of the psychic economy of mathematics teachers. From this perspective, the thesis raises the question of the place of the didactics of mathematics in a clinical research with a psychoanalytic orientation. The clinical study of the material leads us to propose and to mobilize the notion of parentalité psychique interne professionnelle which could be relevant to apprehend modalities of the didactic transfer of the teacher especially during moments of professional insecurity (Beginning of career, change of assignment'). Finally, the sensitivity to these questions seems to us to be a way to be taken into account in teacher training, in particular through the use of devices for analyzing professional practices
Demeester, Anne. "Formation initiale au raisonnement clinique en sciences maïeutiques : Bénéfices, limites et perspectives d'utilisation des cartes conceptuelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3112/document.
Full textIntroduction. Clinical reasoning (CR) is a key competence that students in health sciences must acquire. This thesis argues that concept mapping improves midwives students' performance in clinical problem solving. Objectives. Identify midwives students CR difficulties and their explanatory causes; identify the use of concept mapping and show compatibility between concept mapping and recommendations for clinical reasoning; introduce concept maps (CMs) in clinical solving learning sessions and observe their effects.Methods. Mixed exploratory study, literature review and experimentation including 97 students nested in three schools of midwifery: 570 questionnaires and 352 CMs were analysed. Results. Seven causes of CR difficulties were identified. Literature confirms CMs may be a relevant tool for clinical reasoning teaching and learning. By making knowledge explicit CM helps one out of two students to improve clinical problem solving performance when CM include a correct core concept and when concepts are hierarchically organized. The best performing students are those who acquire the construction of CMs.Conclusion. The research validates the starting assumption and leads to proposals of using CMs in CR learning. Concept mapping might be an interesting activity to foster CR and identify the difficulties that students may encounter
Barry, Valérie. "Regard clinique sur l'enseignement auprés d'élèves porteurs de troubles importants des fonctions cognitives et approche fractale de leur besoins d'apprentissage en situation collective de construction du nombre." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0062/document.
Full textIn this text, Valérie Barry attempts to: - build intelligibility of difficulties and successes, in a collective situation of mathematics learning, of children defined by the French education system as pupils with important cognitive disorders. She makes three research hypothesis: 1) a systemic approach of pupils' mental activity promotes the revelation of interactional and complex causalities of learning/teaching phenomena ; 2) translating manifestations of pupils' mental activity into educational needs makes it possible to invest a potential space that supports the educability postulate ; 3) A fractal modeling of educational needs helps the researcher to elucidate these needs, and to build interpretations that promote pupils' learning. The dialectisation of theory and action takes place in a clinical action research, which postulates that it is fundamental to take the subjectivity of the protagonists into consideration when building intelligibility of phenomena. The action research was conducted during the university year 2006-2007, in a Medical and Educational Centre, and concerned four pupils that learned numbers and comparative concepts. The analysed has revealed the validity of the three hypothesis, and potentially efficient/effective teaching methods
Bodin-Cheneveau, Anne-Marie. "Soin, formation au soin, management du soin, trois "métiers impossibles" : former au soin, transmettre et faire vivre l'art de l'agir soignant par la compétence sensible." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2015.
Full textThe thesis presented here raises the difficulty for professionals of care, management of care, training to care, to adjust their daily action as close to the needs of the patient, the supervised caregiver, the nursing student. It may be that sensible reason, better recognized and valued, is part of this adjustment. Intimately intertwined in a more formal reasoning, and attentive to reciprocal emotional messages, it would help to refine the understanding of a singular situation, leading the professional towards an art of caregiving. The survey carried out gathers these indices favorable to the correctness of the action, committing to study how to support such a process. Thus the nursing trainer may have to orient his pedagogical posture and his conception of engineering, towards the transmission to the future nurse under construction, of this sensitive approach of care
Bernad, Karine. "Une contribution à l'étude de conditions et de contraintes déterminant les pratiques enseignantes dans le cadre de mises en oeuvre de parcours d'étude et de recherche en mathématiques au collège." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0338.
Full textThe framework of this research is the anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD), from which it uses the notion of a study and research path (SRP) as well as the model of praxeology. It studies the determination of the elements of a teacher’s a praxeological equipment which is considered useful in the implémentation of a monodisciplinary SRP, for the French mathematics programs’ teaching beetween 2013-2015. The study is divided into two related questions. Firstly, which didactic praxeologies could be regarded as useful to achieve the objectives of the project under consideration ? Secondly, what is likely to explain the difficulties encountered in the diffusion and reception of such didactic praxeologies with teachers ? We study the conditions and constraints on the internal didactic transposition’s process that two teachers undertook starting from the appropriation of a provided document, describing the targeted mathematical and didactic organizations, up to its implementation in the classroom. This inquiry develops a clinical study, allowing to analyze the dimensions of the didactic praxeologies activated by teachers, in which their personal relations to mathematics, and to mathematics teaching and learning and to the teaching profession arise. These didactic praxeologies, when confronted with the study of the third teacher’s appropriate praxeological equipment, highligth a dominant epistemological model and reveal needs for the development of mathematical and didactic infrastructures
Blanié, Antonia. "Evaluation expérimentale du raisonnement clinique dans le cadre des jeux sérieux pour la formation des professionnels de santé. Comparative value of a simulation by gaming and a traditional teaching method to improve clinical reasoning skills necessary to detect patient deterioration: a randomized study in nursing students Assessing validity evidence for a serious game dedicated to patient clinical deterioration and communication." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS092.
Full textImprovement of clinical reasoning (CR) is a key issue for the future of medicine because it has been established that imperfect reasoning leads to insufficient care results. CR is a complex cognitive process which synthesizes information obtained from the clinical situation, then uses it to make a diagnostic analysis and take a decision on patient management by integrating previous knowledge and experience. Training for this skill is therefore essential. To improve reasoning, knowledge of the mechanisms which build it up is necessary and a review of these mechanisms constitutes the initial part of this thesis.Training of healthcare professionals through simulation is becoming widespread with the objective of "never the first time on a patient". In rapid expansion, the use of serious games (SG) represents an interesting pedagogical tool. A review of the literature on the effectiveness of SG and more particularly in the context of CR is also included in the initial part of this thesis. Thus, SG is effective and may, among other things, target certain skills, including CR. However, most studies dealing with CR by using SG include qualitative assessments or self-assessments of learners or focus only on the outcome (decision making). Therefore, the educational value and modalities of SG in the training of CR of health professionals remain to be further explored.The SG LabForGames Warning was developed in the LabForSIMS simulation center for nursing students and targets detection of patient deterioration and the ensuing communication. The objective of this thesis is to test a learning mode using SG simulation in order to improve CR in healthcare professionals.The first study evaluated the validity of the SG LabForGames Warning according to the Messick’s Framework. This study showed that scores and playing time could not differentiate the level of clinical skills of nurses. However, evidence of validity was obtained for content, response process and internal structure. Although this version of the game cannot therefore be used for summative evaluation of students, our study shows that this SG is well accepted by students and can be used for training within an educational program.A second study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 teaching modalities on learning CR for the detection of clinical patient deterioration by comparing a group of nursing students trained by simulation with LabForGames Warning compared to a group trained by traditional teaching. CR was assessed by script concordance tests immediately and 1 month later. This randomized multicenter study included 146 volunteer nursing students. No significant difference was observed in CR change between simulation training with SG and traditional teaching. However, satisfaction and motivation were better with simulation instruction.In conclusion, we have confirmed the validity of SG LabForGames Warning as an educational tool with formative and not summative aims. Then, although no difference in learning about CR was observed between simulation training with SG and traditional teaching, satisfaction and motivation were better with simulation teaching with the game. Further studies are needed to clarify the modalities and pedagogical strategies of SG in the training of healthcare professionals, such as the place of debriefing and the role of motivation. Moreover, technological developments such as artificial intelligence might transform CR training and the available pedagogical tools in the coming years
Lo, Bello Jean-Pierre. "Des professeurs d'école aux prises avec des activités technologiques à l'école élémentaire : contribution à une clinique du rapport au savoir technologique d’enseignants." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100130/document.
Full textThe present thesis aims at presenting a unique approach where four teachers evoke the itinerary they have followed to develop technological activities in primary schools. These activities are described by the description of the programs, by social-technical references (J.L. Martinand 1982) but also by the teachers themselves. Their setting up is linked to preliminary questions of conception and also to the research of technical solutions. My aim is to understand one of the modalities of the clinical approach of the relation to the knowledge, that is to say, the relation to the technological knowledge. By clinical interviews I chose to discover this single relation which is linked to the economy of the flexibility of primary school teachers, but also to the social law where these techniques are displayed. By choosing a clinical view that favours unconscious phenomena, I am trying to study the motion of expression, identification, and the distance to the technological object of teaching. In my opinion, the presentation of these activities, like others, constitutes a professional event that mobilizes the creative resources of the teacher, but also enlightens the psychic elements in him that remained in suspense or enigmatic. This process described here could be, if it is developed, renforce the professional identity and the abilities of individual or collective change
Trouvé-Silva, Michèle. "Le rapport au savoir médiatisé du professeur d' espagnol au lycée. Une vision de la Guerre Civile et du Franquisme en Espagne et des dictatures et révolutions en Amérique latine." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR141/document.
Full textThis research projet questions the teaching practice, the identity, and the construction and relationship to knowledge of Spanish high teachers, using various media. The documents that hold our attention here ar those that deal with the different revolutions and dictatorships that merged in Laton America or tje Spanish Civil war and the Francoist regime that followed it. These subjets an integral part of the culturel content that was put in place for the secondary school curriculum, up to and including sixth form level. The object of this research aims to illuminate what is ambiguous, imperceptible or unknown in the diffusion of the culturel content that was mentioned earlier. The aim is to try and explore the outward display used by teachers in their professional practice, as it relates to their culturel background, their knowledge acquisition and their wants and pain. Their personal histories enable un to uncover how their knowledge building mechanisms are influenced, consciously and unconsciensly, by such issues as their fantasies, defense mechanisms, expectations, life perspective, relationships, their own self image and that they want to project
Prot, Frederique Marie. "Pour des « cliniques de l’éducation » : former les professeurs à la bienveillance : l’exemple des pratiques d’écriture à l’École Freinet : enquête sur un programme “LéA“ de l’IFÉ." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0330/document.
Full textThe empirical investigation carried out within the framework of this thesis was part of the perspective of the Law of Refoundation "For a school of benevolence". It was to contribute to a research program of the French Institute of Education (IFE), named Places of Education Associates (LEA). The purpose of this study (2014-2017) was "Innovating for a caring school of benevolence". The field of investigation is that of the Freinet School, the historical school of Élise and Célestin Freinet in Vence in the Alpes-Maritimes (France). By staying regularly in situ, the actual practices during writing situations, specific to the institution of the free text, have been objectified. Such a work of objectification pinpoints the joint action of the teachers. These cooperative training practices were analyzed based in particular on the framework of the Theory of Joint Action in Didactics (TACD). This thesis proposes to examine a series of questions: What model is it possible to propose from the type of training practiced at Freinet School? How is this model, which can be described as clinical, relevant when it comes to pedagogical filiation? What are the strengths, weaknesses and limitations? These questions are linked to another series: How can one speak of the teacher's professional benevolence? In what other professional virtues could it find its expression?
Renauld, Dominique. "Enseigner la philosophie au lycée : hypothèses cliniques d'orientation psychanalytique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100100/document.
Full textThis doctoral research is part of a clinical approach of psychoanalytical orientation in the sciences of education. It deals with the teaching of philosophy in France, as it is currently taught in the final year of high school in the academic and technological classes. It is devoted, more particularly, to the way in which teachers experience the teaching of their subject. The empirical material consists of non-directive clinical interviews that were conducted with six secondary education philosophy teachers interviewed from the following instruction : « I would like you to tell me, as it comes to you, what you feel when you teach philosophy ». The thesis is divided into three parts : some questions relating to the construction of the research subject and to the analysis of the implication and the countertransference of the researcher constitute the first part of this work. The second part includes elements of pedagogical, historiographical and clinical analysis of the teaching of philosophy in high school. The third part is devoted to the analysis of clinical interviews. It includes elements of epistemological and methodological reflection putting into perspective the interviews and some of their interdisciplinary themes
Mario, Romain. "Conversion et influence des assujettissements au milieu scolaire dans l'étude autonome des mathématiques : comment les très bons élèves de lycée étudient les mathématiques après la classe : observation anthropologique et suivi biographique de quelques cas exemplaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3001/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we were interested in the very good students and their way studying mathematics taking account of the fact that what there is to study mathematically is not always indicated by the professor in the courses of the various school grades. Based on the hypothesis that their way of studying enables them to succeed better in mathematics, we followed very good students from five different schools for two school years. Thus, using anthropological and ethnological field study methods, we observed the students after classroom hour, in their individual workplace settings (office, room or an especially arranged corner) doing exercises, investigations, mathematical research studies, each one in different way, with different didactic supports. This particular kind of observation, that we are calling the biographic episode method, enabled us to constitute episodes of their cognitive biography in mathematics, in other words moments of independent study where one can observe that they are faced with a news question, they learn something new by seeking the answer to a given problem, and they identify what they learned by questioning it in what they knew already. Thus we show how last year secondary school science students manufacture or build a directory of effective knowledge: the epistemological and heuristic directory. To build this directory, they need to seek learning away from the classroom, physically or temporally (using many textbooks or not, old textbooks, the Internet, or with the help of a family member or friend). It is this need for investigation which we call didactic transhumance
Kushlaf, Najah. "Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0010/document.
Full textThe research realized in this thesis proposes a decision support to improve the quality of learning. The learning includes two dimensions; human dimension and pedagogic one. The human dimension includes the learner and the teacher. The pedagogic dimension represented in curriculum set by the educational establishment; it is the know. The learner is going to transform the know into knowledge. Thus the know and the knowledge are two notions completely different. The distance between both is the distance between what the teacher presents (the know) and what the learner acquires (the knowledge). The quality of the learning concerns the learners who go to the school to acquire the know. In fact, learning consists in interiorizing the know. This internalization requires the efforts for persistent intellectual change and demands continuity based on past experiences. The acquisition of knowledge and its transformation into knowledge by the learner is influenced by several factors that affect positively or negatively on the quantity and quality of this knowledge. The confusion between the know and the knowledge guide the learner to value or to ignore his knowledge. The knowledge construction process by the diffused know requires an constant evaluation process. The process of evaluation then appreciates the structure of knowledge to make decisions intended to make it evolve. However, during an evaluation, the confusion between knowledge and knowledge can bring learner to value the score so neglecting the importance which he must give for the transformation knowledge process in favor of the highest possible fidelity of knowledge. This confusion can be detected provided that the evaluation includes a processual dimension. Therefore, the evaluation may be better associated with improvement actions and transformation of knowledge. Then the evaluation can be addressed in a logical decision support. Therefore In this research we demonstrate that the learning situation is a decision aiding situation
Girard, Marie-Claude. "L’expérience d’acquisition de ressources en enseignement à la clientèle et de leur utilisation en situation clinique telle que perçue par des infirmiers ayant suivi un cours e-learning : étude qualitative descriptive." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11946.
Full textAll nurses must maintain their knowledge and skills up to date. However, in the current context, due to lack of nurses, continuing education represents a great challenge for nurses. Therefore e-learning seems to have a great potential to take over this challenge. A qualitative study based on the critical incidents method was meant to describe clinical nursing experiences (n=4) after an e-learning course on patient teaching. This 45 hours long course was led on a competency based approach. Individual interviews allowed us to document the use of their acquired knowledge in different clinical contexts. The results reveal that nurses (n=4) acquired different resources (knowledge, skills) that they used in clinical patient teaching. According to the results, discussion forums about clinical cases and a learning project in real clinical context turned out to be useful educational strategies to sustain professional nursing skills. Finally, e-learning based on the competency-based approach reveals itself as an educational strategy of great promise. Key words: e-learning, continuing education, educational strategies, competency based approach