Academic literature on the topic 'Biochemical destruction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biochemical destruction"
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Mainardi, Carlo L. "Biochemical Mechanisms of Articular Destruction." Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 13, no. 2 (August 1987): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-857x(21)00843-7.
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Amar, Mohamed S., Hussein F. Wishahi, and Madeha M. Zakhary. "Clinical and biochemical studies of bone destruction in cholesteatoma." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 6 (June 1996): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510013419x.
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AbstractThe exact causative factor(s) of bone erosion in cholesteatoma are not known. In recent years, the possible role of cytokines has drawn attention. Since the studies on cytokines in cholesteatoma are limited and depend on histopathological methods, the present work approached this subject by biochemical determination of TNF-α lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase (total and tartrate resistant), cathepsin B, leucyl aminopeptidase lysozyme together with non-lysosomal enzymes calpain I and II in 50 cholesteatoma samples (epithelial and subepithelial tissues) in comparison with 14 normal skin samples from the external ear canal. The study revealed significantly increased levels of all previous indices in cholesteatoma epithelium and subepithelial tissues compared with healthy skin. The levels of these indices reflected the clinical severity of the disease as reflected by their significant increase in cases with erosion of two or three ossicles, erosion of dural plate, sinus plate and facial canal and more extensive cholesteatoma. It is likely that TNF-α acts both directly by causing bone erosion and indirectly by stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes. The latter mechanism is supported by the significant correlations observed between TNF-α and lysosomal enzymes. The non-lysosomal enzymes calpain I and II seem to participate in the bone erosion associated with cholesteatoma by their involvement in collagen destruction. Due to the suggested role of TNF-α in bone destruction associated with cholesteatoma the use of anti-inflammatory drugs should be taken into consideration in otitis media to diminish bone destruction. Similarly, antibiotics should be used to prevent the deleterious effects of bacterial endotoxin.
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Elsasser, Suzanne, Yong Chi, Ping Yang, and Judith L. Campbell. "Phosphorylation Controls Timing of Cdc6p Destruction: A Biochemical Analysis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 10 (October 1999): 3263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.10.3263.
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The replication initiation protein Cdc6p forms a tight complex with Cdc28p, specifically with forms of the kinase that are competent to promote replication initiation. We now show that potential sites of Cdc28 phosphorylation in Cdc6p are required for the regulated destruction of Cdc6p that has been shown to occur during theSaccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. Analysis of Cdc6p phosphorylation site mutants and of the requirement for Cdc28p in an in vitro ubiquitination system suggests that targeting of Cdc6p for degradation is more complex than previously proposed. First, phosphorylation of N-terminal sites targets Cdc6p for polyubiquitination probably, as expected, through promoting interaction with Cdc4p, an F box protein involved in substrate recognition by the Skp1-Cdc53-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase. However, in addition, mutation of a single, C-terminal site stabilizes Cdc6p in G2 phase cells without affecting substrate recognition by SCF in vitro, demonstrating a second and novel requirement for specific phosphorylation in degradation of Cdc6p. SCF-Cdc4p– and N-terminal phosphorylation site–dependent ubiquitination appears to be mediated preferentially by Clbp/Cdc28p complexes rather than by Clnp/Cdc28ps, suggesting a way in which phosphorylation of Cdc6p might control the timing of its degradation at then end of G1 phase of the cell cycle. The stable cdc6 mutants show no apparent replication defects in wild-type strains. However, stabilization through mutation of three N-terminal phosphorylation sites or of the single C-terminal phosphorylation site leads to dominant lethality when combined with certain mutations in the anaphase-promoting complex.
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Trier, Klaus, Elith Bjarne Olsen, and Jan Ulrik Prause. "Biochemical changes in rabbit sclera following destruction of pigment epithelium." Acta Ophthalmologica 69, no. 5 (May 27, 2009): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb04854.x.
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Садова, Ю. М., and А. О. Дичко. "APPLYING OF THE DESTRUCTION METHODS OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE IN BIOCHEMICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT." WATER AND WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NEWS 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2218-9300822012138910.
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Squeglia, Flavia, Alessia Ruggiero, and Rita Berisio. "Collagen degradation in tuberculosis pathogenesis: the biochemical consequences of hosting an undesired guest." Biochemical Journal 475, no. 19 (October 12, 2018): 3123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20180482.
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The scenario of chemical reactions prompted by the infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is huge. The infection generates a localized inflammatory response, with the recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and T-lymphocytes. Consequences of this immune reaction can be the eradication or containment of the infection, but these events can be deleterious to the host inasmuch as lung tissue can be destroyed. Indeed, a hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) is the formation of lung cavities, which increase disease development and transmission, as they are sites of high mycobacterial burden. Pulmonary cavitation is associated with antibiotic failure and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. For cavities to form, M. tuberculosis induces the overexpression of host proteases, like matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsin, which are secreted from monocyte-derived cells, neutrophils, and stromal cells. These proteases destroy the lung parenchyma, in particular the collagen constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Namely, in an attempt to destroy infected cells, the immune reactions prompted by mycobacterial infections induce the destruction of vital regions of the lung, in a process that can become fatal. Here, we review structure and function of the main molecular actors of ECM degradation due to M. tuberculosis infection and the proposed mechanisms of tissue destruction, mainly attacking fibrillar collagen. Importantly, enzymes responsible for collagen destruction are emerging as key targets for adjunctive therapies to limit immunopathology in TB.
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Potempa, Jan, Robert Pike, and Jim Travis. "Host andPorphyromonas gingivalis proteinases in periodontitis: A biochemical model of infection and tissue destruction." Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design 2, no. 3 (July 1995): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02172037.
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Bri, Edin De, and Wei Lei. "BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TETRACYCLINES ON SPONTANEOUS OSTEOARTHRITIS IN GUINEA PIGS." Image Analysis & Stereology 19, no. 2 (May 3, 2011): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v19.p125-131.
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are mediators in connective tissue destruction in a variety of pathologic processes. Recently discovered chemically modified tetracyclines have been found to be effective inhibitors of MMP mediated connective tissue degradation in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). The Hartley guinea pig model has been described with a high incidence of spontaneous OA-like changes in the knee joint. Therefore we have studied the effect of two tetracyclines, doxycycline (Dox) and chemically modified tetracycline-7 (CMT-7) which have both previously been shown as potent MMP inhibitors. We found that prophylactic orally given CMT-7 decreases OA changes in the knee joints both in vitro and in vivo in the guinea pig OA model. OA changes were most severe in the central compartment of the medial condyle in the control group. Cartilage fibrillation and destruction, in addition to subchondral bone sclerosis and cyst formation were all less in the CMT-7 treated group compared with controls. Collagen, hyaluronan and proteoglycan content in cartilage was higher in the CMT-7 treated group compared with controls. In contrast, OA changes were not decreased in the Dox group. These results show that tetracyclines, but not all tetracyclines, can reduce the severity of OA in the guinea pig model of spontaneous OA.
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Chetina, E. V., and G. A. Markova. "Upcoming value of gene expression analysis in rheumatology." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 64, no. 3 (2018): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20186403221.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which involves disturbance in immune system signaling pathway functions, damage of other tissues, pain and joint destruction. Modern treatment attempts to improve pathophysiological and biochemical mechanisms damaged by the disease. However, due to the RA patient heterogeneity personalized approach to treatment is required; the choice of personalized treatment is complicated by the variability of patient's response to treatment. Gene expression analysis might serve a tool for the disease control and therapy personification for inhibition of inflammation and pain as well as for prevention of joint destruction.
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Lenin, M. "Destruction of Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia (jacq.) Marechal) Morphological Aspect and Biochemical Constituents during Dairy Effluent Irrigation." Journal of Dairy Research and Technology 4, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/drt-9315/100025.
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The current exploration is being fetched out to evaluate the consequence of dairy effluent on morphological aspect and biochemical constituents in Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal). For this, experimentation work dairy effluents were amassed from the outlet of milk processing plants. The diverse concentrations used for the effluent were Control (normal water), 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The growth parameters viz., Shoot Length (SL), Roots Length (RL), Number of Leaves (NL), Total Leaf Area (TLA), Fresh Weight (FW) and Dry Weight (DW), and the biochemical issue like viz., chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, reducing, non-reducing sugar, total sugars, starch, amino acid, and protein content were analysed
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biochemical destruction"
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Bakharieva, Ganna, Serhii Petrov, and Tetiana Falalieieva. "Development of the mathematical model of the kinetics of the stationary process of bio-cleaning with substratic inhibition." Thesis, Scientific Route OU, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/46262.
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A scientifically sound method for calculating the parameters of bio-cleaning should contain as a basic a reliable mathematical description of the stationary process. The results of stationary laboratory experiments are presented in the coordinates “specific rate of destruction V – concentration ρ”. Statistical processing proves the presence of substrate inhibition for both gaseous and soluble and dissolved harmful substances in water. For an analytical description of the dependence of the biooxidation rate on the concentration of contaminants, a phenomenological approach is applied, taking into account in a simple form two obvious phenomena: the contact of a microorganism with a substrate molecule and the inhibitory effect of the medium on it. The numerical values of empirical dependency coefficients for the studied processes are calculated. A differential equation is proposed at the macro level that describes the kinetics of biochemical destruction. The concept
of a macrokinetic mathematical model of bioremediation is defined as a system of two functions that quantitatively reflect the dependence of the specific oxidation rate of pollution on its concentration and concentration on time, as well as satisfying the relationship between the relationships of the same parameters in differential form. The dependence of concentration on time is defined both in the form of a numerical integration algorithm and in the form of an approximate formula. The adequacy and universality of the proposed model for the studied processes is proved. The advantage of the proposed model of substrate inhibition kinetics is the simplicity of the structure of the basic formula and the ease of determining empirical coefficients based on this. In addition to numerical integration for determining the time of destruction, an approximate analytical solution is found, which can be adequately used in the concentration range of the experimental study. Further research is aimed at developing methods for calculating non-stationary processes in biochemical purification plants of certain specific types.
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Groher, Tanja [Verfasser]. "Suitability of non-destructive sensors for monitoring physiological and biochemical responses of tomato leaves and fruits to abiotic stresses / Tanja Groher." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188814273/34.
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Oh, Daniel. "Contrast-Enhanced CT Imaging as a Non-Destructive Tool for Ex Vivo Examination of the Biochemical Content and Structure of the Human Meniscus." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27007728.
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Objective: Biochemical and biomechanical changes occur in the meniscus before osteoarthritis (OA) is clinically diagnosed through symptoms. However, existing techniques to characterize such changes are destructive and time-consuming. This study evaluated the ability of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and contrast agent flux using the contrast agents Ioxaglate (ioxaglate) and CA4+ to correlate with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution and water content in ex vivo human menisci using microCT imaging.
Methods: A diffusion-in kinetics study for CA4+ was conducted to determine the equilibrium time for the contrast agents by subregion. Subsequently, the optimal concentrations of Ioxaglate and CA4+ to map the native GAG distribution were determined. Then, these optimal concentrations were used to examine correlations between CECT attenuation and GAG content at various time points, including equilibrium time. Using microCECT imaging, imaged zones were excised, rinsed, and analyzed for GAG content by subregion using the dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay. Depth-wise analysis was performed through each of the native surfaces to examine differences in contrast agent diffusion kinetics and calculate flux. Finally, correlations between CECT attenuation and GAG content, CECT attenuation and water content, and flux and water content were calculated by subregion and whole meniscus.
Results: The equilibrium time was 48 hr with tau values ranging from 7.09 hr (posterior), 9.64 hr (anterior), and 12.32 hr (center). The optimal concentrations for native GAG mapping for ioxaglate and CA4+ were ≥80 mgI/mL and 12 mgI/mL, respectively. Using these optimal concentrations, weak to moderate correlations were found between ioxaglate CECT and GAG content at all diffusion time points, while strong correlations existed between CA4+ attenuation and GAG content as early as 7 hr (R2=0.67), strengthening by equilibrium (R2=0.81). CECT attenuation for both contrast agents did not significantly correlate with water content but CA4+ flux for the entire meniscus correlated moderately to strongly with water content (R2=0.56-0.64).
Conclusions: CECT attenuation is a rapid, effective, non-destructive imaging technique to evaluate meniscal GAG distribution and water content. With CA4+ CECT, GAG content and distribution can be mapped in the human meniscus with high resolution. Consequently, CA4+ CECT is a useful tool for determining the biochemical health of human meniscal tissue, and further developments in quantitative imaging techniques will aid in understanding meniscal biology, diagnosis, and monitoring treatment outcomes.
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HLÁVKOVÁ, Markéta. "Hodnocení subchronického působení atrazinu na raka (Cherax destructor)." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375942.
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The evaluation of the sub-chronic exposure to atrazine on crayfish The aim of this study is to evaluate the sub-chronic effect of atrazin on a behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme aktivities and biochemical profile of haemolymph in. These complex data should help to appraise the impact of this substance in the environment. The total test duration was 28 days and was divided into two periods. The first 14 days the crayfish were exposed to two concentrations of atrazine: 6.86 micrograms per liter (ATRenv = environmental concentration in the water in the Czech Republic) and 1.21 milligrams per liter (ATR10% = is coincident to 10% LC50). After the atrazine treatments the depuration 2 weeks phases in water without any chemicals followed. The results indicate that sub-chronic effect of atrazine influenced neither the behaviour of the crayfish nor the level of oxidative stress (measured by TBARS), whereas the changes of superoxiddismutase (SOD) were observed in all tissues (muscles, gills and hepatopancreas). The changes of enzyme activity were observed in catalase (CAT; hepatopancreas and the muscle tissue), glutathione S-transferase (hepatopancreas and the gills tissue), glutathione reductase (GR; the hepatopancreas tissue) and reduced glutathione (the muscle tissue). The influence of ATRenv on the biochemical profile of haemolymph at the following parameters was estimated only for lactate and alkaline, however phosphatase changes made by ATR10% were significant for glucose, ammonia, lactate and alkaline phosphatase measurements. The sub-chronical effect changed the activity of all antioxidant enzymes in hepatopancreas, muscles and the gills tissue of the observed crayfish. The presented results in this study are giving compact information of impact of atrazine on the crayfish and the whole water environment. The suggestion of using the crayfish for tests of toxicity looks like an ideal supplement for triazine herbicide estimations.
Book chapters on the topic "Biochemical destruction"
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Hardingham, T. E. "Biochemical Events in the Destruction of Cartilage in Rheumatic Diseases." In Clinical Chemistry, 229–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0753-2_21.
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Covaliova, Olga. "Combined Photo-Biochemical Reactor for the Destruction of Organic Pollutants in Water." In The Role of Ecological Chemistry in Pollution Research and Sustainable Development, 119–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2903-4_13.
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Gu, Ji-Dong, and Yoko Katayama. "Microbiota and Biochemical Processes Involved in Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage and Protection." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 37–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_2.
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AbstractThe world cultural heritage sites face new challenges for an effective protection and management because of destruction and damage initiated by both natural and anthropogenic causes. Fresh rock and sandstone surfaces of buildings are quickly colonized and covered by a layer of microorganisms, including phototrophs, lithotrophs, and heterotrophs to form a biofilm that alters the local conditions of the stone surfaces, especially under the favorable tropical climate conditions for autotrophic microorganisms and plants. Biofilms had been studied with indigenous or pure cultures of isolated microorganisms, but the selective ones that contribute to deterioration of the cultural heritage cannot be confirmed easily. Currently, high-throughput sequencing and metegenomics analyses are capable of obtaining microbial community and composition in great depth, but they also suffer from similar weakness unable to identify the culprits in the community. With these as background, this article presents a different approach by focusing on the biochemical processes and the responsible microorganisms involved to reveal the destruction processes for management and protection. Among these different functional groups of microorganisms, lichens are known as pioneering rock-decomposing microorganisms, and both sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and fungi participate in the decomposition of sandstone via sulfur cycling and initiation of salt attack of the stone afterward, resulting in defoliation and cracking of stone. Other microorganisms including ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, especially the latter, have been recently detected on sandstone monuments providing evidence on the new organisms involved in the deterioration of cultural heritage and buildings. In addition, fungi can colonize the surfaces of the matured biofilms and play a new role in the removal of them, which has a potential biotechnological application in conservation of cultural heritage. The new proposed approach by focusing the microorganisms with identified biochemical function is more productive than a description of the community composition and assembly when assessing cultural heritage biodeterioration, and this provides basic and useful information for effective protection strategies and management.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Belonolaimidae: Belonolaimus species." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 100–105. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0004.
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Abstract The sting nematode, Belonolaimus spp., is one of the most destructive nematode pests of turfgrass and attacks a wide range of monocotyledonous plants and gymnosperms, including vegetables, legumes, cereals, etc. This chapter includes information on: geographical distribution; host ranges; symptoms; biology and life cycle; ecology; physiological races; economic importance; invasiveness; pest risk analysis; movement and means of dispersal; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular characterization, of Belonolaimus species.
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Bhakta, Jatindra Nath. "Metal Toxicity in Microorganism." In Handbook of Research on Inventive Bioremediation Techniques, 1–23. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2325-3.ch001.
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An awful consequence of metal contamination in environment is one of the global problems posing severe hazardous and toxic impacts in microorganisms. The objective of the present chapter is to elucidate how metals cause toxicity at biochemical and molecular levels in microorganisms. The excess concentration of metals is responsible for causing various toxicity reactions in microbial cell, such as, over production of reactive oxygen species; protein and enzyme dysfunction, destruction of thiol and iron-sulfide cluster, metal substitution and inhibition of nutrient assimilation; lipid peroxidation; and DNA damage. Consequently, toxicity causes mutagenicity effects and/or cell death that lead to immeasurable damage in microorganisms and microbial community. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms of metal toxicity may be helpful to depth metal toxicity study in microbes and other organisms for controlling and treating the metal toxicity in further. Moreover, metal-resistant microbes have potential significance in environmental and human health perspectives.
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Renaud, Deborah L. "Inherited Leukoencephalopathies." In Mayo Clinic Neurology Board Review, edited by Kelly D. Flemming, 1114–25. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197512166.003.0122.
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Leukoencephalopathies are disorders that selectively involve the white matter of the brain. Acquired causes of leukoencephalopathy include inflammatory, infectious, vascular, neoplastic, and toxic disorders. Hereditary leukoencephalopathies encompass conditions characterized by progressive destruction or loss of previously acquired central myelin (leukodystrophies) and conditions associated with impaired formation of myelin (dysmyelination or hypomyelination). The study of clinical features, neuroimaging patterns, and biochemical and neuropathologic features of leukoencephalopathies has led to the discovery of the genetic defects responsible for many of these conditions. Variations in phenotype-genotype correlation can make prediction of the underlying condition challenging. Despite recent advances in molecular studies, approximately 50% of patients with hereditary leukoencephalopathies remain without a diagnosis. A systematic approach to guide investigations is important for a diagnosis.
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Mendel Nzogang, Patrice, and Martial Boris Donkeng. "Neuroprotection: The Way of Anti-Inflammatory Agents." In Neuroprotection - New Approaches and Prospects. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90509.
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Neurons are basic structural and functional units of the nervous system with major function being that of integration and interpretation of neuronal input or information. The lifespan of a nerve cell generally last throughout the individual lifetime. However, some physiologic or pathologic processes may affect the neuron causing premature death of this cell or tissue. This premature neurological death caused by pathologic circumstances is what we call neurotoxicity. The biochemical mechanisms put forward to explain neurotoxicity are not fully known. Nonetheless, whatever the mechanism involved, the outcome usually results in apoptosis, pyropoptosis, or necrosis. Examples of these mechanisms include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, glial cell destruction, vascular interruptions, and inflammation. The idea about possibly protecting neurons against insults using pharmacologic means leads to the birth of the neuroprotection concept. This new concept has emerged based on ongoing research, suggesting it is possible through physical and pharmacological means to prevent or avoid neurotoxicity by the abovementioned mechanisms but with the exception of vascular interruption mechanisms. We will present in this chapter a synoptic view of the inflammatory mechanisms implicated in neurotoxicity and bring out the possible implications in neuroprotection.
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Ruchel Khanikar, Rakesh, and Heremba Bailung. "Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Technology for Biomedical Application." In Plasma Science and Technology. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98895.
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Cold plasma generated in an open environment with a temperature nearly around room temperature has recently been a topic of great importance. It has unlocked the door of plasma application in a new direction: biomedical applications. Cold atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma comprises various neutral and charged reactive species, UV radiations, electric current/fields etc., which have several impactful effects on biological matter. Some of the significant biological effects of CAP plasma are inactivation of microorganism, stimulation of cell proliferation and tissue regeneration, destruction of cells by initializing apoptosis etc. Although the detailed mechanism of action of plasma on biomaterials is still not completely understood, some basic principles are known. Studies have indicated that the reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) play a crucial role in the observed biological effects. In this perspective, this chapter first provides a brief discussion on the fundamentals of CAP plasma and its generation methods. Then a discussion on the optical diagnostics methods to characterize the plasma is provided. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to identify the reactive species and to measure their relative concentration. Other important plasma parameters such as gas temperature, electron/excitation temperature and electron density measurement methods using OES have also been discussed. Then a discussion on the application of CAP plasma in biomedical field is provided. A thorough understanding of biochemical reaction mechanisms involving highly reactive plasma species will further improve and extend CAP plasma technology in biomedical applications.
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Slobodianiuk, Kateryna, and Kateryna Samoilenko. "RESEARCH OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF COLLOID CAPILLARY-POROUS MATERIALS." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-39.
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The article presents a reasonable analysis and relevance of the study of the drying process of vegetable raw materials (colloidal capillary-porous materials). Drying is an energy-intensive industrial process that is defined from a technological point of view: on the one hand by heat and moisture exchange between the body surface and the environment, on the other hand by heating the body and transferring moisture inside it due to the form of moisture. One of the most effective ways to increase the shelf life of food is to dry it to equilibrium humidity. Very important are the technological parameters of the drying regimes, which, when used rationally, are able to preserve the biochemical properties and nutrients of the raw material at a high level in the obtained dry product. The study of dehydration of vegetable raw materials is widely practiced around the world, especially in countries such as Germany, France, USA, Argentina, Hungary, Brazil, Poland, Korea, China, Malaysia. However, the obtained processed products lose their biologically active components and nutrients, and the processing process is energy consuming. Therefore, the problem is relevant and needs an effective solution. In this paper, the kinetics of the drying process, thermogravimetric studies and a mathematical model for colloidal capillary-porous materials of plant origin were analyzed. According to the results of the highlighted research, the process of convective drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials was intensified above 21% due to the use of innovative step regimes. The developed beet-rhubarb composition is a colloidal capillary-porous material that stabilizes and protects at the biochemical level betanin of the beet from the effects of temperature during convective drying, has in comparison with the components of the composition lower heat of dehydration and increased thermal-stability. Prolonged high-temperature exposure causes instant complete destruction of sugars, proteins and other nutrients components. Derivatographic studies have confirmed that the use of the temperature range of 100 ° C in a stepwise mode of 100/60 ° C for the developed soybean-spinach composition is safe for biologically active substances and it is justified by experimental temperature curves. Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer during convective drying of crushed beets and crushed soybeans using the known model by A.V. Lykov satisfactorily describes the process and can be used to model the convection drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials.
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Amiel, Stephanie A. "Clinical features of type 1 diabetes mellitus." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1712–19. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1311.
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As described in Chapter 13.2.3, type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of the glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting β cells of the pancreatic islets. Its principal clinical features reflect significant insulin deficiency. In general, the β cell damage is immune mediated and other clinical features occur related to other autoimmune processes. Although typically considered to have a short prodrome, in research studies biochemical evidence of impaired glucose metabolism has been detected years before diagnosis, in the form of mild elevation of blood glucose. It is likely that the clinical symptoms only manifest when 90% or more of the β cells are lost. The effects of insulin deficiency are enhanced at times of insulin resistance, which explains the apparent link between clinical onset of type 1 diabetes and acute stress, such as an intercurrent infection or other illness, or physiological changes in insulin resistance, such as during puberty. The rate of β cell loss is highly variable. It is probable that type 1 diabetes presenting in prepubertal childhood may reflect a more aggressive destructive process, while, at the other extreme, type 1 diabetes may present in adult life with a slow evolution to an absolute need for insulin replacement. The latter is called ‘latent adult onset diabetes’ (LADA), and confounds the clinical definition of type 1 diabetes—often used in recruiting type 1 patients to trials—of requirement for insulin replacement within a year of diagnosis. The diagnosis of type 1A diabetes, i.e. type 1 diabetes of proven autoimmune pathogenesis, may be made by finding evidence of the autoimmune process against β cell antigens, with the presence of anti-islet cell antibodies—or, more accurately, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or anti-islet-associated protein 2 (IA-2) antibodies—in the blood. Absence of such antibodies does not mean the diagnosis is not type 1, as the antibodies tend to disappear over time, perhaps with loss of the β cell antigens to stimulate them, but their presence is usual in type 1 diabetes when there is at least some residual insulin-secretory capacity, which is usually the case when the question of diagnosis arises.
Conference papers on the topic "Biochemical destruction"
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Hyacinthe, Berg P. "Autonomous biochemical decontaminator (ABCD) against weapons of mass destruction." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.659368.
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Sewerin, P., A. Müller-Lutz, S. Odendahl, M. Eichner, M. Schneider, B. Ostendorf, and C. Schleich. "THU0125 Prevention of the progressive biochemical cartilage destruction under methotrexate therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.3536.
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Bhowmick, Sankha, and John C. Bischof. "Supraphysiological Thermal Injury in Dunning AT-1 Prostate Tumor Cells." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0798.
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Abstract Supraphysiological temperatures are generated by radiofrequency and microwave probes used for the treatment of prostate cancer (Montrosi et al., 1992) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (Larson et al., 1996). A quantitative understanding of the cellular mechanisms of tissue destruction due to these supraphysiological temperatures(> 40°C) is necessary for optimal application of clinical therapeutic protocols on the prostate and other tissue systems. A multitude of biophysical and biochemical events take place at the cellular level due to thermal stress (Cravalho et al., 1992). Some of the events include hyperpermeability of the membrane, denaturation of proteins, changes in cytoskeleton, alteration of intracellular ionic concentration and nuclear degradation. This study quantifies membrane injury by measuring the dynamics of vital dye leakage (Calcein) and Propidium Iodide (PI) uptake in the AT-1 Dunning rat prostate tumor cell line. Membrane injury (using these two dyes) is compared to the clonogenicity of these cells after comparable thermal insult. An Arrhenius damage model has been constructed for each of these assays based on a damage parameter to obtain the activation Energy (E) and frequency factor (A), which may prove useful in obtaining insight into the mechanisms of damage associated with thermal injury.
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Huang, Alice H., and Robert L. Mauck. "Sliding Contact Modulates ECM Expression in Chondroctye-Laden Agarose Gels." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176427.
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Articular cartilage provides a low-friction bearing surface for transmitting the forces that arise with joint motion. Because cartilage possesses a limited capacity for repair, trauma or progressive joint disease leads to destruction of the joint surface [1]. Limitations in current repair strategies have increased interest in cartilage tissue engineering (TE), although to date, generating a construct with the mechanical complexity of the native tissue remains a challenge. In our previous long-term free swelling studies, and in other gel systems, the tensile properties of cell-seeded hydrogels remain far lower than those of the native tissue [2–4]. One approach for furthering tissue growth is the application of mechanical signals to engineered constructs. In developing joints, inhibition of mechanical forces results in incomplete cartilage formation [5,6]. Mechanical forces continue to play a vital role in cartilage maturation after birth; physiologic loading remodels the tissue and increases the tensile properties and spurs development of anisotropy [7,8]. In chondrocyte-seeded TE constructs, dynamic axial mechanical stimulation improves compressive properties and biochemical content [9], though the collagen content and tensile and dynamic properties remain low. As the tensile properties of cartilage emerge with load-bearing use, more complete recapitulation of the mechanical environment that arises with motion may further the maturation of engineered constructs. To test this hypothesis, we developed a sliding contact bioreactor mimicking two contacting cartilage layers and show that ECM gene expression is modulated by this loading modality depending on the duration of loading and pre-maturation of the construct.
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Melnic, Maria, Dumitru Erhan, Stefan Rusu, and Olesea Gliga. "Impactul parazitar: nematoda Ditylenchus destructor–tuberculi de cartofi infestaţi în primele faze de ditilenhoză." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.48.
Full textAbstract:
There are presented data about morpho-physiological changes, as well as physiologico biochemicals, which appear in the tissue of potato tubers infested with Ditylenchus destructor (phases 2, 3 ditylenchose). The obtained data confirms that, D. destructor in the nutrition process eliminates in parallel celulosolitic and pectolytic enzymes, which cause complete maceration of the pectocellulosic membranes of the infected potato cell, as well as the parenchymal cortical tissue in which predominantly cellulose and pectic substances , dominating being cellulose. The results of the biochemical analyzes revealed that, at this stage in the parasite tissue there is a diminishing of the dry mass quantity, and the increase of the quantity of water. It is important to mention that in the plasmalemma mechanically traumatized by the nematode stiletto, the main intracellular inclusions of the potato tuber - the starch granules - were kept without change. Subsequently, when plasmalemma is destroyed, the granules diffuse into the nematode suspension.
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Baigonusova, Zh A., A. B. Rysbek, and A. A. Kurmanbaev. "Creation of a collection of microorganisms - destructors of organic substances that are promising for bioremediation of technogenic disturbed lands in Kazakhstan." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.030.
Full textAbstract:
The cultural-morphological and biochemical properties of 83 selected strains of organic substance destructor were studied. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of the genome of bacteria Bacillus cereus Fd 2 was performed.
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Vermeer, C., BA M. Soute, and MM W. Ulrich. "IN VITRO CARBOXYLATION OF EXOGENOUS PROTEIN SUBSTRATES BY VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643994.
Full textAbstract:
In vivo treatment of experimental animals with vitamin K-antagonists induces the accumulation of non-carboxylated coagulation factor precursors in the liver, where they are tightly bound to vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. If hepatic carboxylase is isolated from warfarin-treated animals, it is obtained therefore almost exclusively in the form of an enzyme/substrate complex. If carboxylase is prepared from non-treated animals, on the other hand, the resulting enzyme is predominantly substrate-free. Small substrates like F L E E L or decarboxylated osteocalcinare carboxylated equally well by both types of carboxylase, but protein substrates(Mr > 30 000) are recognized exclusively by substrate-free carboxylase.Initial attempts to purify carboxylasewere performed with livers from warfarin-treated cows as a starting material. Antibodies against the normal blood coagulation factors crossreact with the hepatic precursor proteins so that the enzyme/substrate complexes could be specifically extracted from detergent-solubilized microsomes by the substrate/antibody interaction. This procedure resulted ina substantial purification of carboxylase, but because its endogenous substrate remained firmly bound, even after it had been carboxylated in vitro, the enzyme system was not suitable for the carboxylation of protein substrates.Therefore a second strategy was developed by which substrate-free carboxylase (from normal livers) was partly purified by sequential extraction of the microsomal membranes with detergents, followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography.This procedure resulted in a soluble carboxylase complex, still consisting of 7 proteins and phosphatidylcholine. Although further dissociation of the complex resulted in a complete loss of activity, it is not sure if all components play a role in the carboxylation reaction. Exogenous substrates which could be carboxylated by substrate-free carboxylase were: the penta-peptide F L E E L, descarboxyprothrombin from bovine plasma, thermally decarboxylated osteocalcin from bovine bone and non-car-boxy lated coagulaton factor precursors which had been produced by recombinant-DNA techniques in various laboratories. The . efficiency of CO^ incorporation was: 1 mole per 100 moles of F L E E L, 1 mole per 240 moles of descarboxy-prothrombin, 1 mole per mole of decarboxylated osteocalcin and 8 moles per mole of a recombinant factor IX precursor. We assume that the high efficiency with which the recombinant coagulation factor precursors were carboxylated is due to the presence of at least part of their leader sequence. The importance of the aminoacid chain preceding the first carboxylatable Glu residue is demonstrated by the fact that descarboxylated osteocalcin of bovine origin is carboxylated with a relatively high efficiency, whereas descarboxylated osteocalcin from monkey bone is not recognized atal.. Yet the only difference between the two substrates is found in their aminoacids 3 and 4, whereas the first carboxylatable Glu occurs at position 17. It seems, therefore, that the aminoacids 1-16 in bovine osteocalcin mimic to some extent part of the leader sequence in the coagulation factor precursors. Chemical or biochemical modification of decarboxylated osteocalcin might reveal which structural features contribute to its recognition by hepatic carboxylase.The optimal conditions for carboxylation include a high concentration of dithiols (e.g. DTT) and under these conditions disulfide bridges are reduced. Obviously this will lead to a complete destruction of the biological activity of various carboxylated products. Therefore we have searched for a more natural reducing system and it was found that the bacterial thioredoxin/thiore-doxin-reductase system in the presence of 40 uM NADFH was able to replace DTT in the reaction mixtures. Since a comparable system also occurs in calf liver it seems not unlikely that this is the physiological counterpart of the dithiols used in vitro.
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Kuzikova, Irina, Irina Kuzikova, Vera Safronova, Vera Safronova, Nadezda Medvedeva, and Nadezda Medvedeva. "IMPACT OF NONYLPHENOL ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGI FROM THE COASTAL AREA OF THE GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431765a62a.
Full textAbstract:
Nonylphenol (NP) is the most abundant environmental estrogen listed as one of the priority hazardous substances in the Water Framework Directive (EC 2000) and the priority pollutant of Baltic Sea (HELCOM 2010). The present study aims to compare the effects of technical nonylphenol (tNP) on the cellulase, amylase and protease activity of the terrestrial fungal strains played a significant role in aquatic ecosystems due to their high adaptive capacity and a large range of functional activity. The study also attempts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying sensitivity of the terrestrial fungi to tNP. The fungal strains were isolated from the bottom sediments of the coastal area of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The terrestrial fungi were identified based on their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis of internal transcribed space region. One reason for significant differences in sensitivity to the toxicant studied among the fungi is the change in the fungal cell permeability, in particular in cell membrane permeability, induced by NP. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tNP cause significant changes in activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the terrestrial fungi Aspergillus tubingensis, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium glabrum, and Cadophora fastigiata involved in organic matter degradation in bottom sediments. There can be increasing or decreasing trend, depending on both the type of enzyme and the tNP concentration. The revealed changes may disrupt the destructive processes in bottom sediments, as well as succession and stability of microbial communities functioning in the aquatic environment. It was found that tNP contributes to the activation of proteolytic enzymes, considered as potential fungal virulence factors. This may lead to emergence fungal strains with enhanced virulence in aquatic microbiocenoses. The investigations of the physiological responses of terrestrial fungi under nonylphenol will be important for biochemical processes dynamics and their environmental consequences evaluation.
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Kuzikova, Irina, Irina Kuzikova, Vera Safronova, Vera Safronova, Nadezda Medvedeva, and Nadezda Medvedeva. "IMPACT OF NONYLPHENOL ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGI FROM THE COASTAL AREA OF THE GULF OF FINLAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93c5890b52.86067390.
Full textAbstract:
Nonylphenol (NP) is the most abundant environmental estrogen listed as one of the priority hazardous substances in the Water Framework Directive (EC 2000) and the priority pollutant of Baltic Sea (HELCOM 2010). The present study aims to compare the effects of technical nonylphenol (tNP) on the cellulase, amylase and protease activity of the terrestrial fungal strains played a significant role in aquatic ecosystems due to their high adaptive capacity and a large range of functional activity. The study also attempts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying sensitivity of the terrestrial fungi to tNP. The fungal strains were isolated from the bottom sediments of the coastal area of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The terrestrial fungi were identified based on their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis of internal transcribed space region. One reason for significant differences in sensitivity to the toxicant studied among the fungi is the change in the fungal cell permeability, in particular in cell membrane permeability, induced by NP. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tNP cause significant changes in activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the terrestrial fungi Aspergillus tubingensis, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium glabrum, and Cadophora fastigiata involved in organic matter degradation in bottom sediments. There can be increasing or decreasing trend, depending on both the type of enzyme and the tNP concentration. The revealed changes may disrupt the destructive processes in bottom sediments, as well as succession and stability of microbial communities functioning in the aquatic environment. It was found that tNP contributes to the activation of proteolytic enzymes, considered as potential fungal virulence factors. This may lead to emergence fungal strains with enhanced virulence in aquatic microbiocenoses. The investigations of the physiological responses of terrestrial fungi under nonylphenol will be important for biochemical processes dynamics and their environmental consequences evaluation.