Journal articles on the topic 'Biochemical Attribute'
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Isnidayu, Anandya Vanessa, Anggoro Cahyo Sukartiko, and Makhmudun Ainuri. "Indikator Atribut Sensori Kopi Specialty Asal Jawa Barat Berbasis Komponen Biokimia." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 7, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v7n1.2020.p1-8.
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<em>Assessing coffee sensory quality is generally carried out by panelists using cup testing with reference to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) standards. A high level of sensitivity sensory is essential thus it must be done by trained panelists. Given the limitations of the method, a deeper study is required to obtain a standard of assessment of coffee sensory quality based on more reliable and precise analytical methods, one of which is biochemical components. This study was aimed to analyze the sensory quality and biochemical components of Arabica coffee and determine the indicators of sensory attributes based on those biochemical components. The study was conducted at two Arabica coffee-producing areas in West Java from May to September 2019. The biochemical components analyzed included caffeine, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid (CGA), sucrose, and lipid, while the sensory attributes assessed were aroma, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, uniformity, sweetness, clean cup, and overall. The survey method with stratified and simple random sampling was used and followed by Two-way Anova and Partial Least Square analysis. Results showed variations in the biochemical content of coffee from the two areas. Lipid has a positive correlation with the aroma and flavor attributes, and negatively correlated with the body attribute. Caffeine has a negative correlation with the aftertaste attribute, whereas CGA has a negative correlation with the acidity attribute. Correlation between biochemical components with sensory attributes showed that the biochemical content acts as an indicator of sensory attributes.</em>
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Sousa, Valéria Rodrigues de, Leciana de Menezes Sousa Zago, Danielle Gonçalves Teixeira dos Santos, Carlos Melo Silva Neto, and Samantha Salomão Caramori. "Crop tillage, soil depth, and their influence on extracellular enzyme activities." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 17(08):2023 (August 1, 2023): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.08.p3691.
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Agricultural practices can alter both physicochemical properties and soil microbial parameters, modifying the dynamics of soil biochemical functioning and, consequently, nutrient cycling. This study evaluated the effect of land use on chemical and biochemical attributes, and relationships between environmental variables. We used a sampling design to collect soil samples at different depths in different agroecosystems. Soil samples from natural ecosystems (native Cerrado) and agroecosystems (cotton and sugarcane cultivation) were collected at 0–0.1 m, 0.1–0.2 m, 0.2–0.5 m, and 0.5–1.0 m from 12 areas in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Twelve chemical properties and two biochemical attributes (enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon) were evaluated using a generalized linear model of variance and Tukey’s test with three factors: correlation between all soil attributes, multiple regression between soil attributes, and biochemical variables. Soil chemical and biochemical attributes were significantly affected by variable depth (p<0.05). Most of the metabolic activity in the soil occurred at 0 to 0.2 m, independent of land use class. Seasonality also affected enzyme activity in the soil, with higher activity during the rainy season. In contrast, microbial biomass carbon, an attribute generally related to organic matter and carbon mineralization, did not vary significantly with different soil depths and seasons. Thus, enzyme activity is an important indicator of soil fertility variations and is more sensitive than chemical and microbial parameters
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Koehler, Anne, Goetz Nowak, and Mercedes López. "Biochemical and pharmacokinetic characterisation of two PEGylated variants of dipetarudin." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 102, no. 09 (2009): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-12-0809.
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SummaryDipetarudin was coupled to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-5000 residues in order to improve its pharmacokinetic profile and to enhance its anticoagulant efficacy. The resulting compounds, mono-and di-PEGylated dipetarudin were purified by gel filtration. Mono-PEGylated dipetarudin exhibited similar activity like its non-conjugated equivalent both in vitro and in vivo. However, di-PEGylated dipetarudin showed longer distribution and elimination half-lives and higher area under the time-concentration curve in comparison with the unmodified inhibitor which may be attributed to decreased renal clearance. Futhermore, ratio k 12/k 21 decreased when the number of PEG chains coupled to dipetarudin increased. It means that the intercompartment transfer of dipetarudin, characterised by a fast distribution and a high retention in the peripheral compartment, is reverted by coupling to PEG. Thus, the transfer of mono-PEGylated dipetarudin between these compartments is similar in both senses and the transfer of di-PEGylated dipetarudin is slower from vascular to extravascular compartment than vice versa. Our results show that di-PEGylated dipetarudin produces a better and longer anticoagulant effect than unmodified dipetarudin which is a desirable attribute for future therapeutic application.
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Malik, Parth, and Tapan K. Mukherjee. "Structure-Function Elucidation of Antioxidative and Prooxidative Activities of the Polyphenolic Compound Curcumin." Chinese Journal of Biology 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/396708.
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Phenolic compounds have been very well known for their antioxidant properties, owing to their unique ability to act as free radical scavengers which, in turn, is an outstanding attribute of their unique biochemical structure. Recent accumulating lines of evidence inculcate sustainable interest and curiosity towards the chemoprotective nature of the natural polyphenolic compound curcumin (diferuloylmethane) against oxidative stress-mediated disorders. Curcumin is naturally found as a constituent of dietary spices called turmeric, extracted from the plant Curcuma longa. However, like every phenolic antioxidant, curcumin possesses a concentration and medium dependent anti- and pro-oxidant behaviour. A detailed study of the structure-function analysis and the understanding of the mode of action of curcumin as well as its chemical analogues is thus essential to understand the selective biochemical consequences of curcumin. Moreover, the presence of transition metal ions, route of administration, and localized tissue are also the vital decisive factors to determine curcumin behaviour. With this viewpoint, this paper sheds lights on the medium dependent prooxidative and antioxidative attributes of curcumin. Further, with respect to emergence of nanocarriers, a brief discussion focusing on the biochemical effect exertion of curcumin chiefly due to targeted and slow release has also been added towards the end.
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Piskun, R. P., V. M. Shkarupa, N. M. Hrynchak, O. V. Sprut, and T. B. Vasenko. "Genome as a top informational attribute of biological species." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (September 9, 2018): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.944.
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Aim. To substantiate a concept of genome as the top informational attribute of biological species based on the modern achievements of biological sciences. Methods. Study and analysis of subject scientific literary sources, in which the technique of genomic analysis is used for determination of a number and similarity of genomes. Results. The main component of genomes is DNA that carries information about the primary structure of proteins (structural genes of matrix RNA), synthesis of proteins (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), sites for connection of signaling molecules (start/stop expression, amplification, deceleration, repetition, etc.), mobile genetic elements, recombination sites, etc. The genome of each organism has a great variety of genetic nets and systems that control the molecular, biochemical, physiological and morphological features of organisms. At the same time, each gene network has genetic mechanisms designated for its regulation, based on changing functions of certain groups of genes that are part of the gene networks. Conclusions. Therefore, the genome is a part of a cell of a certain living body, consisting of an appropriate set of nucleic acids and proteins, combined into a single structural and functional system.
Keywords: genome, structure, functions.
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Sazanov, A. A., Kh Kh Erganokov, and E. Pfeifer. "A cryobank as an attribute of omics technologies." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 63, no. 5 (2017): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20176305428.
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Biobanks are systematic and annotated collections of biological samples based on the system of standard operating procedures (SOP) and corresponding to the recommendations of the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER). Standardization of conditions of obtaining, processing, storage of samples and providing to an end user are crucial in the activities of the biobank. The attributes of biobanks include common principles of labeling and annotation of biological samples using specialized software, an automated monitoring system of storage conditions, and registration of biosamples. Cryobanks are the biobanks maintained at the storage conditions from -196°C to -150°C that provide better cell viability and the highest preservation of biological molecules. Cryobanking is the most essential part of the infrastructure of population and personalized medicine, pharmaceuticals and biopharmacology, conservation of rare and endangered species, as well as biotechnology in general. Next Generation Biobanking, a concept especially designed for omics technologies, involves annotating biological samples on many biomarkers based on Next Generation Sequencing techniques, as well as collecting biological material from the same patient at different time points (for example, at different stages of the disease, before and after the operation, at different periods of therapy) with a detailed annotation of physiological, biochemical and clinical data. Epigenetic studies (DNA methylation, microRNA, etc.), as well as bioinformatic data analysis are of great importance in the activity of Next Generation Biobanking. Such biobanks should function based on the new ethical principles of the post-genomic era.
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Simon, Catia Aparecida, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, Meire Silvestrini Cordeiro, Vinícius Andrade Secco, Guilherme Nacata, Antonio Marcos Miranda Silva, Camila da Conceição Simon, and Marivaine da Silva Brasi. "Cover crops as modifying agents of microbiological soil attribute." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(10):2019 (October 20, 2019): 1578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.10.p1723.
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Carbon sources are exuded and deposited by different soil cover plants. They promote growth, diversity and enhancement of soil microbial community functionality, due to organic matter degradation by participating in major biochemical cycles and the availability of inorganic nutrients to plants. In this way, it is necessary to evaluate the microbiological attributes of the soil after cover cropping, which allows for surveying and monitoring the soil quality, thereby enabling rapid responses in relation to managing changes in the soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate soil microbiological attributes and soybean grain yield under the influence of different cover crops. The experiment was installed in the year 2015. The treatments were constituted by the following vegetation coverages: sorghum, millet, Urochloa ruziziensis, forage turnip, Urochloa brizantha, crambe and fallow area, with cover crops sown in succession to the soybean crop for three years prior to the date of installation of the experiment .The evaluated parameters were soil microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration, metabolic quotient, enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase and soil β-glucosidase, plant phytomass produced by the different cover crops and soybean yield in each area. The use of cover crops promotes higher soybean yield. The microbial activity and its efficiency were modulated according to the type of cover crop used. Soil under sorghum mulch provided lower microbial efficiency. The U. ruziziensis plant residues remain for less time on the soil. The results show that U. brizantha may be the most suitable for its use as a soil cover plant, providing improvements in its attributes.
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Altaye, Solomon Zewdu, Lifeng Meng, Yao Lu, and Jianke Li. "The Emerging Proteomic Research Facilitates in-Depth Understanding of the Biology of Honeybees." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174252.
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Advances in instrumentation and computational analysis in proteomics have opened new doors for honeybee biological research at the molecular and biochemical levels. Proteomics has greatly expanded the understanding of honeybee biology since its introduction in 2005, through which key signaling pathways and proteins that drive honeybee development and behavioral physiology have been identified. This is critical for downstream mechanistic investigation by knocking a gene down/out or overexpressing it and being able to attribute a specific phenotype/biochemical change to that gene. Here, we review how emerging proteome research has contributed to the new understanding of honeybee biology. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of global scientific progress in honeybee proteome research is essential for a better understanding of research topics and trends, and is potentially useful for future research directions.
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Pandey, Shiwanand, Vivek Kumar Tripathi, Ankur Sharma, and Himanshu Trivedi. "Trend during Growth, Development and Quality Attributes of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) Fruits: A Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 4 (March 11, 2023): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i41719.
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The trends in growth, development and quality attributes of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) included changes observed during growth and development, namely fruiting behavior, physical properties and biochemical components of the ber fruit at different stages of growth and development. Flowering began in mid-September and ended in mid-November with the peak of the flowering period in mid-October. While the fruit setting was between the third week of September to the first week of December, but the peak fruit initiation period was the last week of September to mid-October. During fruit growth, development and yield attribute the percentage of fruit drop and retention also changes. Ber fruits were harvested in five times collections and the peak yield period was the first week of March. In the physical changes, the study revealed that length, width, weight, volume, pulp weight, and seed weight increased from fruit set to maturity at all stages of growth and development except for specific weight, which first increased in month of mid-November and then decreased when the fruits continued in the harvest phase. The biochemical changes in fruit in terms of total sugars, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars increased steadily from fruit set to maturity, when titratable acidity showed a trend decreasing during fruit growth and development.
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L., Umma, Asma’u A., Mustapha R. K., Abdulmumin Y., and Hauwa I. D. "Biochemical and Toxicological Activity of Guiera senegalensis Leaves Extract." Scholars International Journal of Biochemistry 6, no. 08 (August 11, 2023): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijb.2023.v06i08.002.
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Guiera senegalensis (“Senegal guiera” in English; “Sabara” in Hausa) (Combretaceae) is traditionally used for various purposes in Africa and other parts of the world with little or no scientific basis. It is thus the aim of this research to evaluate its biochemical and toxicity effects for its medicinal properties, safety, efficacy of treatment, and the optimum dose. The study qualitatively screened for phytochemicals, acute toxicity (LD50) and sub-chronic toxicity indices in the ethylacetate extract of the plant. The result of phytochemical screening revealed G. senegalensis ethylacetate leaf extract to contain some important phytochemical compounds that may attribute to the biochemical properties possessed by the plant. The result of acute toxicity study showed that the plant is practically non-toxic (oral LD50>5000mg/kg) when used for a short period of time and some signs of toxicity on heart in sub-chronic study (on long term of use). Also, the Haematological results indicated that the plant may have some effects on the immune system, might have caused an increase in RBC and haemoglobin production, and may also enhance O2 – transport capacity of the blood. Guiera senegalensis should therefore be used with care when used for a long period of time.
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Kit, O. I., A. I. Shikhlyarova, E. M. Frantsiyants, I. V. Kaplieva, I. V. Neskubina, G. V. Zhukova, V. A. Bandovkina, E. Surikova, and L. K. Trepitaki. "MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF MALIGNANT TUMORS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF COMORBID PATHOLOGY AND MITOCHONDRIAL THERAPY." CARDIOMETRY, no. 29 (November 1, 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2023.29.conf.14.
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Morphological studies represent the most important part of evidence-based medicine, and in oncology they are an essential attribute in the diagnostics of malignant neoplasms. In experimental oncology, current models of the tumor growth are developed to be as close as possible to the actual biological life conditions. There is a need to study the pathogenesis of tumors in various variants of their orthotopic growth, the formation of bi-model systems with a combination of the malignant growth and comorbid conditions (chronic neurogenic pain, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, obesity), the use of subcellular substrates for the induction of carcinogenesis and biotherapy. Among the important methods for studying the pathogenesis of tumors, morphology is on a par with advanced molecular genetic and biochemical methods, as well as radioimmunoassay techniques.Morphological studies represent the most important part of evidence-based medicine, and in oncology they are an essential attribute in the diagnostics of malignant neoplasms. In experimental oncology, current models of the tumor growth are developed to be as close as possible to the actual biological life conditions. There is a need to study the pathogenesis of tumors in various variants of their orthotopic growth, the formation of bi-model systems with a combination of the malignant growth and comorbid conditions (chronic neurogenic pain, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, obesity), the use of subcellular substrates for the induction of carcinogenesis and biotherapy. Among the important methods for studying the pathogenesis of tumors, morphology is on a par with advanced molecular genetic and biochemical methods, as well as radioimmunoassay techniques.
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Bhat, Javaid Yousuf, Brahmanaspati Ganapathi Shastri, and Hemalatha Balaram. "Kinetic and biochemical characterization of Plasmodium falciparum GMP synthetase." Biochemical Journal 409, no. 1 (December 11, 2007): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070996.
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Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the fatal form of malaria, synthesizes GMP primarily from IMP and, hence, needs active GMPS (GMP synthetase) for its survival. GMPS, a G-type amidotransferase, catalyses the amination of XMP to GMP with the reaction occurring in two domains, the GAT (glutamine amidotransferase) and ATPPase (ATP pyrophosphatase). The GAT domain hydrolyses glutamine to glutamate and ammonia, while the ATPPase domain catalyses the formation of the intermediate AMP-XMP from ATP and XMP. Co-ordination of activity across the two domains, achieved through channelling of ammonia from GAT to the effector domain, is the hallmark of amidotransferases. Our studies aimed at understanding the kinetic mechanism of PfGMPS (Plasmodium falciparum GMPS) indicated steady-state ordered binding of ATP followed by XMP to the ATPPase domain with glutamine binding in a random manner to the GAT domain. We attribute the irreversible, Ping Pong step seen in initial velocity kinetics to the release of glutamate before the attack of the adenyl-XMP intermediate by ammonia. Specific aspects of the overall kinetic mechanism of PfGMPS are different from that reported for the human and Escherichia coli enzymes. Unlike human GMPS, absence of tight co-ordination of activity across the two domains was evident in the parasite enzyme. Variations seen in the inhibition by nucleosides and nucleotide analogues between human GMPS and PfGMPS highlighted differences in ligand specificity that could serve as a basis for the design of specific inhibitors. The present study represents the first report on recombinant His-tagged GMPS from parasitic protozoa.
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J S AlJadir, Saadi. "The high-density lipoprotein: Attribute matters rather than amount in therapeutic arena." Endocrinology&Metabolism International Journal 11, no. 3 (November 23, 2023): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/emij.2023.11.00334.
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The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) to absorb and recycle excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver is particularly interesting. This ability may play a role in preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, and stroke. Prior epidemiological research has demonstrated that lower HDL-C concentration can be utilized to predict risk and has an inverse relationship with the risk of CVD. Elevated HDL-C levels are a hallmark of certain hereditary illnesses. However, this does not modulate to a lower risk of CVD. Researchers' focus has been diverted towards the shape and functions of the HDL molecule and its subclasses to correlate the possible causative association between HDL-C and adverse outcomes. Although a low level of HDL-C is a useful clinical predictor of CAD, raising the HDL-C level does not necessarily lower this risk. The possibility that HDL can either become less effective as an antioxidant or paradoxically enhance the oxidation and inflammation linked to atherosclerotic plaque under certain conditions contributes to the explanation of this dilemma. Thus, the functional properties of HDL, not merely the level, may need to be considered and developed. On the other hand, the available data indicates that higher HDL-C is not necessarily protective against cardiovascular disease. Conversely, it can be detrimental at extremely high levels. The objective of this review is to elucidate and discuss concisely the current clinical and scientific evidence related to the significance of HDL functionality over the biochemical HDL-C level in mediating the favorable effects on the cardiovascular system.
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Wu, Qingyang, Xi Shi, Shaobin Fang, Zhuofang Xie, Mengyun Guan, Shengkang Li, Huaiping Zheng, Yueling Zhang, Mhd Ikhwanuddin, and Hongyu Ma. "Different biochemical composition and nutritional value attribute to salinity and rearing period in male and female mud crab Scylla paramamosain." Aquaculture 513 (November 2019): 734417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734417.
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Simpson, Elizabeth J., Michelle Holdsworth, and Ian A. Macdonald. "Ambulatory blood glucose measurement, dietary composition and physical activity levels in otherwise healthy women reporting symptoms that they attribute to hypoglycaemia." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 6 (June 2006): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061759.
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Reactive hypoglycaemia (RH) is a condition that has been popularised in the media and lay literature, particularly that targeting women, over the past 30 years. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether a non-patient group reporting symptoms that they attributed to a low blood glucose level would demonstrate biochemical hypoglycaemia when symptomatic and whether their habitual diet and activity level differed from those of controls. Thirty non-obese, healthy women (aged 19–45 years) reporting symptoms more than once a week that they attributed to hypoglycaemia (RH group), and eighteen controls, measured their finger-prick blood glucose level 3h after breakfast and lunch, and recorded their diet and activity daily for 7d. The RH group also measured their blood glucose when symptoms were being experienced. Symptoms less than 4h after eating were classed as postprandial. The mean postprandial blood glucose level in the RH group when asymptomatic (4·66 (sem 0·08) mmol/l) was significantly lower than that of controls (5·05 (sem 0·11) mmol/l; P<0·01). Symptoms occurred 2·6 (sem 0·13) h after eating, at a lower blood glucose level (4·18 (sem 0·10) mmol/l; P<0·001) than when the women were asymptomatic. On symptomatic days, the RH group were more physically active than the controls (1·64 (sem 0·04) v. 1·50 (sem 0·03) multiples of resting energyexpenditure; P<0·05), with a lower energy intake (7901 (sem 311) et al.. 9332 (sem 227) kJ; P<0·001). In conclusion, subjects reporting symptoms they associated with hypoglycaemia generally did not demonstrate biochemical hypoglycaemia but did have significantly lower blood glucose levels than controls. Higher physical activity and a failure to match energy intake to estimated energy requirement may be important in the aetiology of symptoms.
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Simko, Patrik, Andrea Leskanicova, Maria Suvakova, Alzbeta Blicharova, Martina Karasova, Michal Goga, Mariana Kolesarova, et al. "Biochemical Properties of Atranorin-Induced Behavioral and Systematic Changes of Laboratory Rats." Life 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12071090.
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Atranorin (ATR) is a secondary metabolite of lichens. While previous studies investigated the effects of this substance predominantly in an in vitro environment, in our study we investigated the basic physicochemical properties, the binding affinity to human serum albumin (HSA), basic pharmacokinetics, and, mainly, on the systematic effects of ATR in vivo. Sporadic studies describe its effects during, predominantly, cancer. This project is original in terms of testing the efficacy of ATR on a healthy organism, where we can possibly attribute negative effects directly to ATR and not to the disease. For the experiment, 24 Sprague Dawley rats (Velaz, Únetice, Czech Republic) were used. The animals were divided into four groups. The first group (n = 6) included healthy males as control intact rats (♂INT) and the second group (n = 6) included healthy females as control intact rats (♀INT). Groups three and four (♂ATR/n = 6 and ♀ATR/n = 6) consisted of animals with daily administered ATR (10mg/kg body weight) in an ethanol–water solution per os for a one-month period. Our results demonstrate that ATR binds to HSA near the binding site TRP214 and acts on a systemic level. ATR caused mild anemia during the treatment. However, based on the levels of hepatic enzymes in the blood (ALT, ALP, or bilirubin levels), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), or liver histology, no impact on liver was recorded. Significantly increased creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase levels together with increased defecation activity during behavioral testing may indicate the anabolic effect of ATR in skeletal muscles. Interestingly, ATR changed some forms of behavior. ATR at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight is non-toxic and, therefore, could be used in further research.
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Kutina, Olga, and Irina Korotkyh. "Recipe modeling and the study of the chemical composition of functional fish culinary products." BIO Web of Conferences 30 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213001009.
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The biochemical composition of the new fish culinary product is considered. The results make it possible to attribute the product to functional products. Compositions with a given set of nutritional value indicators were simulated by optimizing multicomponent formulations. Products are characterized by preset properties: functionality, balance of amino acid, mineral and vitamin compositions, high organoleptic characteristics due to the inclusion of original plant materials (spinach, green peas, cauliflower, eggplant, etc.) and individual methods for their preliminary preparation. The technology and the recipe are protected by a patent [1], technical standards [2], have been tested in production conditions. Product samples participated in the nomination “Innovative Product” at the international exhibition of food products, beverages and raw materials for their production PRODEXPO in 2015-2018. Development “Fish loaf” received a silver medal in 2015.
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Li, Zhan, Michael Schaefer, Alan Strahler, Crystal Schaaf, and David Jupp. "On the utilization of novel spectral laser scanning for three-dimensional classification of vegetation elements." Interface Focus 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2018): 20170039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0039.
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The Dual-Wavelength Echidna Lidar (DWEL), a full waveform terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), has been used to scan a variety of forested and agricultural environments. From these scanning campaigns, we summarize the benefits and challenges given by DWEL's novel coaxial dual-wavelength scanning technology, particularly for the three-dimensional (3D) classification of vegetation elements. Simultaneous scanning at both 1064 nm and 1548 nm by DWEL instruments provides a new spectral dimension to TLS data that joins the 3D spatial dimension of lidar as an information source. Our point cloud classification algorithm explores the utilization of both spectral and spatial attributes of individual points from DWEL scans and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each attribute domain. The spectral and spatial attributes for vegetation element classification each perform better in different parts of vegetation (canopy interior, fine branches, coarse trunks, etc.) and under different vegetation conditions (dead or live, leaf-on or leaf-off, water content, etc.). These environmental characteristics of vegetation, convolved with the lidar instrument specifications and lidar data quality, result in the actual capabilities of spectral and spatial attributes to classify vegetation elements in 3D space. The spectral and spatial information domains thus complement each other in the classification process. The joint use of both not only enhances the classification accuracy but also reduces its variance across the multiple vegetation types we have examined, highlighting the value of the DWEL as a new source of 3D spectral information. Wider deployment of the DWEL instruments is in practice currently held back by challenges in instrument development and the demands of data processing required by coaxial dual- or multi-wavelength scanning. But the simultaneous 3D acquisition of both spectral and spatial features, offered by new multispectral scanning instruments such as the DWEL, opens doors to study biophysical and biochemical properties of forested and agricultural ecosystems at more detailed scales.
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Kim, Hyejeong, Victor D. Ellis, Andrew Woodman, Yan Zhao, Jamie J. Arnold, and Craig E. Cameron. "RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Speed and Fidelity are not the Only Determinants of the Mechanism or Efficiency of Recombination." Genes 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10120968.
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Using the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from poliovirus (PV) as our model system, we have shown that Lys-359 in motif-D functions as a general acid in the mechanism of nucleotidyl transfer. A K359H (KH) RdRp derivative is slow and faithful relative to wild-type enzyme. In the context of the KH virus, RdRp-coding sequence evolves, selecting for the following substitutions: I331F (IF, motif-C) and P356S (PS, motif-D). We have evaluated IF-KH, PS-KH, and IF-PS-KH viruses and enzymes. The speed and fidelity of each double mutant are equivalent. Each exhibits a unique recombination phenotype, with IF-KH being competent for copy-choice recombination and PS-KH being competent for forced-copy-choice recombination. Although the IF-PS-KH RdRp exhibits biochemical properties within twofold of wild type, the virus is impaired substantially for recombination in cells. We conclude that there are biochemical properties of the RdRp in addition to speed and fidelity that determine the mechanism and efficiency of recombination. The interwoven nature of speed, fidelity, the undefined property suggested here, and recombination makes it impossible to attribute a single property of the RdRp to fitness. However, the derivatives described here may permit elucidation of the importance of recombination on the fitness of the viral population in a background of constant polymerase speed and fidelity.
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Hasanein, Parisa, and Zhila Felegari. "Chelating effects of carnosine in ameliorating nickel-induced nephrotoxicity in rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95, no. 12 (December 2017): 1426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2016-0647.
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The kidney is one of the main organs affected by nickel toxicity. We investigated the protective effects of carnosine on nickel-induced oxidative stress in kidney of rats. Animals received NiSO4 (20 mg·kg−1·day−1 intragastrically) and (or) carnosine (10 mg·kg−1·day−1 intragastrically) for 21 days and then were evaluated for biochemical, molecular, and histopathological alterations. Nickel caused an increase in renal levels of malondialdehyde and a decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels and total antioxidant capacity. Carnosine prevented the prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance induced by nickel. Nickel-treated rats showed an increase in serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid with a concomitant decrease in albumin. Nickel markedly accumulated in kidney of exposed rats, but its concentration was effectively reduced by carnosine treatment. Carnosine corrected the biochemical abnormalities and the elevated renal TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the nickel-treated group. It also attenuated nickel-induced abnormalities in renal architecture. Although carnosine showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in renal tissue of nickel-exposed rats, we cannot clearly attribute the protective effect of carnosine to these effects. Instead, the beneficial effect of carnosine observed in the current study may be due to chelation between nickel and carnosine. Thus, carnosine may represent a therapeutic option to protect against nickel-induced nephrotoxicity that deserves further consideration and examination.
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Pavlenko, O. V., I. O. Mochalov, O. O. Sluchevska, M. V. Kryvtsova, and A. V. Yurzhenko. "The Biochemical Properties Peculiarities of Representatives of Periodontal Pocket Microbiota during Generalized Periodontitis." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.02.139.
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Chronic inflammatory-dystrophic lesions of periodontal tissues are widespread in Ukraine and the world diseases with complex etiology and pathogenesis. The purpose of the study: to establish the biochemical and cultural properties of microorganisms in periodontal pockets in patients with acute generalized periodontitis using a bacteriological method. Materials and methods: the contents of the periodontal pocket were taken from 10 patients with subsequent seeding on nutrient and differential diagnostic media in the bacteriological laboratory. Cultural, as well as the biochemical, and enzymatic properties of bacterial isolates were identified. Results: Pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms (aerobes and facultative anaerobes), which had a wide range of biochemical properties (additional factors of colonization and pathogenic action) were identified. Purulent microflora was detected in 70.00% of cases. Isolates of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and P. aeruginosa were predominantly β-hemolytic (except for E. faecalis and S. pneumoniae). The identified bacteria of the intestinal group and the Klebsiella family were lactose- and glucose-positive, K. oxytoca was the most enzymatically active microorganism. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of periodontal tissues and oral cavity, as well as the human body as a whole, belong to the facultative microbiota. It is shown that the level of inflammatory process varies with the number of associates of opportunistic pathogens isolated from the inflammatory process. In titers of 102–104 CFU / ml, representatives of the facultative microbiota, as a rule, do not show their pathogenic qualities. At the same time, biochemical properties are essential in the potential ability of opportunistic pathogens to acquire signs of pathogenicity. The titer of bacteria, their hemolytic and proteolytic properties significantly affect the level of virulence of microorganisms. The ability to hemolysis of erythrocytes, found in most isolates, allows to attribute the isolated strains to potentially pathogenic. It is established that the persistence of opportunistic pathogens with a high level of virulence determines the course and intensity of the inflammatory process of periodontal tissues. Conclusions: The study of the role of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms in the development and maintenance of long-term inflammation of periodontal tissues is a topical issue in medical science and is necessary for the verification of treatment regimens and compliance with infection control
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Salim, Nadia Natasha, Mustaffa Anjang Ahmad, Nasradeen A. Khalifa, and Adel Al-Gheethi. "Database Development for Water Quality Index using Geographical Information System." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(2)-06.
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The present study aimed to identify drainage pollution at Parit Raja, Johor in accordance to the Water Quality Index (WQI) and based on Geographic Information System (GIS) data analysis. A total of 18 sampling stations at six drainage ditches were selected to be sampling points. The parameters investigated included Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solid (SS), Ammonia Nitrogen (AN) and pH. ArcGIS software was selected and the water quality data were gathered and digitized in the GIS as data storage system in order to develop database. The results revealed that 13 stations were categorized as polluted, 5 stations classified as slightly polluted. These findings indicated that GIS have an ability to provide interactive visual and attribute information effectively in order to improve water quality management system. Therefore, GIS can be applied on a big study area and this is useful for wastewater management by authorities.
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Morales, Natalia, Elizabeth Valdés-Muñoz, Jaime González, Paulina Valenzuela-Hormazábal, Jonathan M. Palma, Christian Galarza, Ángel Catagua-González, Osvaldo Yáñez, Alfredo Pereira, and Daniel Bustos. "Machine Learning-Driven Classification of Urease Inhibitors Leveraging Physicochemical Properties as Effective Filter Criteria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8 (April 13, 2024): 4303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084303.
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Urease, a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, plays a crucial role in various microorganisms, including the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori. Inhibiting urease activity offers a promising approach to combating infections and associated ailments, such as chronic kidney diseases and gastric cancer. However, identifying potent urease inhibitors remains challenging due to resistance issues that hinder traditional approaches. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based models have demonstrated the ability to predict the bioactivity of molecules rapidly and effectively. In this study, we present ML models designed to predict urease inhibitors by leveraging essential physicochemical properties. The methodological approach involved constructing a dataset of urease inhibitors through an extensive literature search. Subsequently, these inhibitors were characterized based on physicochemical properties calculations. An exploratory data analysis was then conducted to identify and analyze critical features. Ultimately, 252 classification models were trained, utilizing a combination of seven ML algorithms, three attribute selection methods, and six different strategies for categorizing inhibitory activity. The investigation unveiled discernible trends distinguishing urease inhibitors from non-inhibitors. This differentiation enabled the identification of essential features that are crucial for precise classification. Through a comprehensive comparison of ML algorithms, tree-based methods like random forest, decision tree, and XGBoost exhibited superior performance. Additionally, incorporating the “chemical family type” attribute significantly enhanced model accuracy. Strategies involving a gray-zone categorization demonstrated marked improvements in predictive precision. This research underscores the transformative potential of ML in predicting urease inhibitors. The meticulous methodology outlined herein offers actionable insights for developing robust predictive models within biochemical systems.
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Hameed, A. L., and L. E. Shemiss. "The Effects of Spirulina Platensis on Several Biochemical Parameters in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012171.
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Abstract Spirulina is a blue-green alga which grow in alkaline environment. It characterizes by being highly rich with divers nutrients, elements, vitamins, and pigments which are very beneficial, thus it is used as nutrition supplements and therapeutics purposes for human and animals as well. The objective of this study was to evaluate its effects on blood components, vitamin D, and lipid profile in rich fed rats. Eighteen Wistar male rats were used in this study and they were divided to three groups, each consist of six animals. The first group was control, the second and third groups were administered spirulina suspension 1gm/kg of b.w. and 1.5 gm/kg of b.w, respectively for twenty-eight constitutive days. Blood samples were collected from fasted animals at the end of experiment, 29th day, 24 hrs after the last dose of administration. Whole blood picture was used to measure blood compositions, while serum was used to measure the concentration of lipid profile and vitamin D3. Results regarding blood components shown that the high dose 1.5 g/kg of b.w. caused significant increase in RBC, HGB, MCH, and MCHC measurements comparing to the control group. Also spirulina concentration 1.5 g/kg of b.w. resulted in significant decrease in two types of lipids including TRI and VLDL comparing to control groups. The findings indicated that spirulina showed positive effects on blood contents and also improved certain lipids by shifting their concentrations. These results may attribute to spirulina contents of main nutrients, minerals, vitamins and its antioxidant compounds.
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Gupta, Ashutosh, Amit Kumar Singh, Ramesh Kumar, Sarah Jamieson, Abhay Kumar Pandey, and Anupam Bishayee. "Neuroprotective Potential of Ellagic Acid: A Critical Review." Advances in Nutrition 12, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 1211–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab007.
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ABSTRACT Ellagic acid (EA) is a dietary polyphenol present in various fruits, vegetables, herbs, and nuts. It exists either independently or as part of complex structures, such as ellagitannins, which release EA and several other metabolites including urolithins following absorption. During the past few decades, EA has drawn considerable attention because of its vast range of biological activities as well as its numerous molecular targets. Several studies have reported that the oxidative stress–lowering potential of EA accounts for its broad-spectrum pharmacological attributes. At the biochemical level, several mechanisms have also been associated with its therapeutic action, including its efficacy in normalizing lipid metabolism and lipidemic profile, regulating proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inhibiting NF-κB action. EA exerts appreciable neuroprotective activity by its free radical–scavenging action, iron chelation, initiation of several cell signaling pathways, and alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Numerous in vivo studies have also explored the neuroprotective attribute of EA against various neurotoxins in animal models. Despite the increasing number of publications with experimental evidence, a critical analysis of available literature to understand the full neuroprotective potential of EA has not been performed. The present review provides up-to-date, comprehensive, and critical information regarding the natural sources of EA, its bioavailability, metabolism, neuroprotective activities, and underlying mechanisms of action in order to encourage further studies to define the clinical usefulness of EA for the management of neurological disorders.
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Akladious, Samia Ageeb, and Heba Ibrahim Mohamed. "Ameliorative effects of calcium nitrate and humic acid on the growth, yield component and biochemical attribute of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) plants grown under salt stress." Scientia Horticulturae 236 (June 2018): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.047.
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Poynard, Thierry, Mona Munteanu, Françoise Imbert-Bismut, Frederic Charlotte, Dominique Thabut, Sophie Le Calvez, Djamila Messous, et al. "Prospective Analysis of Discordant Results between Biochemical Markers and Biopsy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.032227.
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Abstract Background: The FibroTest and ActiTest are noninvasive biochemical markers of liver injury that are intended for use as alternatives to liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aims of this study were to assess the quality of biopsy and the prevalence of discordances between biopsy and markers, to identify factors associated with discordances, and to attribute these discordances to either markers or biopsy failure. Methods: Fibrosis stage and activity grade were prospectively assessed on the same day by a liver biopsy and by markers. On the basis of risk factors for failure and independent endpoints, discordance was classified as being attributable to biopsy or to markers. Results: Only 74 of 537 patients (14%) had a biopsy size ≥25 mm. Discordance was observed in 154 of 537 patients (29%), including 16% for fibrosis staging and 17% for activity grading. Steatosis, an inflammatory profile, and biopsy size were associated with discordance. Discordance was attributable to failure of markers in 13 patients (2.4%) and to biopsy failure in 97 (18%; P <0.001 vs Fibrotest and Actitest), and was nonattributable in 44 patients (8.2%). The most frequent failures attributable to markers were false negatives (1.3%) attributable to inflammation. The most frequent failures attributable to biopsy were false negatives of activity grading (10.1%) and of fibrosis staging (4.5%), both associated with smaller biopsy size and steatosis. False positives of fibrosis staging (3.5%) were associated with fragmented biopsies. Conclusion: In this series, the size of liver biopsy is adequate in only a minor proportion (∼14%) of patients with chronic hepatitis C. When biopsy and marker results are discordant, a reason can be identified in more than two-thirds of cases and, in those cases, biopsy failure is >7 times more common than diagnostic failure of markers.
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Gur-Arie, Lihi, Maayan Eitan-Wexler, Nina Weinberger, Ilan Rosenshine, and Oded Livnah. "The bacterial metalloprotease NleD selectively cleaves mitogen-activated protein kinases that have high flexibility in their activation loop." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 28 (May 13, 2020): 9409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013590.
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Microbial pathogens often target the host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) network to suppress host immune responses. We previously identified a bacterial type III secretion system effector, termed NleD, a metalloprotease that inactivates MAPKs by specifically cleaving their activation loop. Here, we show that NleDs form a growing family of virulence factors harbored by human and plant pathogens as well as insect symbionts. These NleDs disable specifically Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38s that are required for host immune response, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is essential for host cell viability, remains intact. We investigated the mechanism that makes ERK resistant to NleD cleavage. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed that NleD exclusively targets activation loops with high conformational flexibility. Accordingly, NleD cleaved the flexible loops of JNK and p38 but not the rigid loop of ERK. Our findings elucidate a compelling mechanism of native substrate proteolysis that is promoted by entropy-driven specificity. We propose that such entropy-based selectivity is a general attribute of proteolytic enzymes.
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Sharipovna, Nazarova Nodira, and Shukurov Sherzod Shukhratovich. "BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS IN CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B, C AND MIXED INFECTIONS." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 5, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume05issue08-16.
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Viral hepatitis (VH) belongs to the category of infectious diseases of the human body that develop under the influence of viruses, which are diverse in nature, in the ways of their spread and transmission from a patient to a healthy person and have one identical attribute - liver damage. VG is an atroponous infection, which means that their pathogens in natural conditions can only be present in the human body. In hepatitis of viral origin, pathogens have a selective similarity (tropism) to liver cells. For this reason, the early location of viruses and their replication (reproduction) are manifested mainly in the liver tissue, primarily in liver cells (hepatocytes). According to the nature and duration of development, hepatitis of viral origin is divided into acute and chronic. The threshold among these two types of disease is relatively taken into account 6 months from the onset of the disease or in certain patients from the onset of infection (if the disease does not develop) and up to 6 months - acute hepatitis B or acute virus carrier, after 6 months - chronic hepatitis or chronic virus carrier. [4; 8]. According to WHO, in different countries of the world more than 2 billion people are infected with viral hepatitis (VH), while about 350 million are carriers of hepatitis B and 500 million of hepatitis C [3; 5]. All known hepatitis viruses are present in the CIS countries. In relation to parenteral infections of viral hepatitis, the CIS countries belong to the region with a moderate incidence rate (35.2 cases per 100,000 people). In Tatarstan, the share of viral hepatitis "B" and "C" in the total number of viral hepatitis is 80%. According to some authors [1], the number of so-called "virus carriers" of infection is growing in our republic, more than 10,000-12,000 primary carriers of hepatitis B and C viruses are registered annually. However, the registered incidence is only a part of the true incidence and only the visible part of the "iceberg". This is due to the fact that most cases of hepatitis B occur outside the scope of medical diagnosis, without jaundice and with minor clinical symptoms. However, the anicteric form of parenteral hepatitis is less dangerous than the icteric form in terms of infection and consequences [10]. Viral hepatitis B and C belong to the group of viral hepatitis with a parenteral transmission mechanism. These pathogenic viruses are taxonomically distinct. Common features are the parenteral transmission mechanism and the obligatory circulation of the virus in the blood [7]. Viral hepatitis B is a strictly parenteral infection caused by the IIBV virus, including CMV; IIBV is highly resistant to cold, heat, chemical and physical attack. It persists for 3 months at room temperature and 25 years in dried plasma; a direct correlation has been demonstrated between IIBV duration and blood levels. [6]. The source of transmission of the virus (HBV) can be all forms of acute and chronic HBV, as well as virus carriers. More important as the main source of infection for the epidemic potential are chronic forms of HBV infection than acute ones. An important role is played by chronic carriers of HbsAg and patients with clinically icteric form of IIBV; the ability of IIBV to persist for a long time, often for life, in the human body is considered as an ecological form of its existence [3; 5]. The most fully studied artificial (artifacial) ways of HBV infection as a result of various parenteral therapeutic, diagnostic, therapeutic and non-medical manipulations, leading to a violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes and skin. The source of infection can be contaminated blood products, medical equipment and instruments, transplanted organs and tissues; transfusion of blood or blood products containing HBV can also cause infection (post-transfusion hepatitis) [8; 11]. In addition to medical procedures, non-medical parenteral injections are of paramount importance in the transmission of IIBV infections. This is especially true of intravenous administration of drugs, which has become widespread in recent years. According to a number of authors [2], it has been shown that in recent years there has been a rapid increase in the number of patients with acute viral hepatitis "B", which is associated with the use of intravenous drugs, and a quantitative increase in the incidence is observed among young men aged 15 to 30 years. . Below is a list of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis B. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the functional features of periodontal tissues in chronic hepatitis B, C and mixed infection B + C.
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Kostyushov, V. V., and I. I. Bokal. "Role of thioldisulfid of system in mechanism of oxidative stress and distress at HIV of infection." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 56, no. 2 (2010): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20105602290.
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In the article general conformities to law and features of violation of the thioldisulfid an redox system of whey of blood are described for patients with the without a symptom transmitter of HIV and manifestly forms AIDS. The role of her components is grounded - general, protein and non protein -SH, -S-S- groups in the mechanism of forming of oxidative stress and distress at HIV of infection. The clinic and laboratory criterions of expressed of peroxides processes are specified on the indexes of violation of redox transformations of -SH, -S-S- groups, neutralization and utilization of MDA and stability of LPC in the whey of blood at HIV of infection. Found out intercommunication between expressed of violation of the studied indexes, oxidative stress and distress and features of clinical flow of HIV of infection, allowed authors to attribute this pathology to "free radical diseases". In this connection, indicated analytic it is suggested to use as additional biochemical markers of oxidative stress and distress, and also for the ground of setting of antioxidants and their combinations in complex prophylactic or therapeutic application at HIVof infection.
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Li, Le, Xiaofei Ma, Yin Xiao, and Yong Wang. "Construction and Application of Graphene Oxide-Bovine Serum Albumin Modified Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor Chiral Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113921.
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Chirality is an essential natural attribute of organisms. Chiral molecules exhibit differences in biochemical processes, pharmacodynamics, and toxicological properties, and their enantioselective recognition plays an important role in explaining life science processes and guiding drug design. Herein, we developed an ultra-sensitive enantiomer recognition platform based on an extended-gate metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect-transistor (Nafion–GO@BSA–EG-MOSFET) that achieved effective chiral resolution of ultra-sensitive Lysine (Lys) and α-Methylbenzylamine (α-Met) enantiodiscrimination at the femtomole level. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was immobilized on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) through amide bond coupling to prepare the GO@BSA complex. GO@BSA was drop-cast on deposited Au surfaces with a Nafion solution to afford the extended-gate sensing unit. Effective recognition of chiral enantiomers of mandelic acid (MA), tartaric acid (TA), tryptophan (Trp), Lys and α-Met was realized. Moreover, the introduction of GO reduced non-specific adsorption, and the chiral resolution concentration of α-Met reached the level of picomole in a 5-fold diluted fetal bovine serum (FBS). Finally, the chiral recognition mechanism of the as-fabricated sensor was proposed.
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Lee, Jong Kyu, Myeong Ja Kwak, Su Gyeong Jeong, and Su Young Woo. "Individual and Interactive Effects of Elevated Ozone and Temperature on Plant Responses." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030211.
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From the preindustrial era to the present day, the tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration has increased dramatically in much of the industrialized world due to anthropogenic activities. O3 is the most harmful air pollutant to plants. Global surface temperatures are expected to increase with rising O3 concentration. Plants are directly affected by temperature and O3. Elevated O3 can impair physiological processes, as well as cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to decreased plant growth. Temperature is another important factor influencing plant development. Here, we summarize how O3 and temperature elevation can affect plant physiological and biochemical characteristics, and discuss results from studies investigating plant responses to these factors. In this review, we focused on the interactions between elevated O3 and temperature on plant responses, because neither factor acts independently. Temperature has great potential to significantly influence stomatal movement and O3 uptake. For this reason, the combined influence of both factors can yield significantly different results than those of a single factor. Plant responses to the combined effects of elevated temperature and O3 are still controversial. We attribute the substantial uncertainty of these combined effects primarily to differences in methodological approaches.
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Wang, Weiwei, Hao Ma, Haojie Yu, Guangyong Qin, Zhongfang Tan, Yanping Wang, and Huili Pang. "Screening of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum with Potential Probiotic Activities for Inhibiting ETEC K88 in Weaned Piglets." Molecules 25, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194481.
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For screening excellent lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to inhibit enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88, inhibitory activities of more than 1100 LAB strains isolated from different materials, and kept in the lab, were evaluated in this study. Nine strains with inhibition zones, at least 22.00 mm (including that of a hole puncher, 10.00 mm), and good physiological and biochemical characteristics identified by 16S DNA gene sequencing and recA gene multiple detection, were assigned to Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum subsp. plantarum (5), L. fermentum (1), L. reuteri (1), Weissella cibaria (1) and Enterococcus faecalis (1), respectively. As investigated for their tolerance abilities and safety, only strain ZA3 possessed high hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation abilities, had high survival rate in low pH, bile salt environment, and gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, was sensitive to ampicillin, and resistant to norfloxacin and amikacin, without hemolytic activity, and did not carry antibiotic resistance genes, but exhibited broad spectrum activity against a wide range of microorganisms. Antibacterial substance may attribute to organic acids, especially lactic acid and acetic acid. The results indicated that the selected strain L. plantarum subsp. plantarum ZA3 could be considered a potential probiotic to inhibit ETEC K88 in weaned piglets for further research.
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Walsh, D. M., I. Klyubin, G. M. Shankar, M. Townsend, J. V. Fadeeva, V. Betts, M. B. Podlisny, et al. "The role of cell-derived oligomers of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease and avenues for therapeutic intervention." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 5 (October 26, 2005): 1087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331087.
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Burgeoning evidence suggests that soluble oligomers of Aβ (amyloid β-protein) are the earliest effectors of synaptic compromise in Alzheimer's disease. Whereas most other investigators have employed synthetic Aβ peptides, we have taken advantage of a β-amyloid precursor protein-overexpressing cell line (referred to as 7PA2) that secretes sub-nanomolar levels of low-n oligomers of Aβ. These are composed of heterogeneous Aβ peptides that migrate on SDS/PAGE as dimers, trimers and tetramers. When injected into the lateral ventricle of rats in vivo, these soluble oligomers inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation and alter the memory of a complex learned behaviour. Biochemical manipulation of 7PA2 medium including immunodepletion with Aβ-specific antibodies and fractionation by size-exclusion chromatography allowed us to unambiguously attribute these effects to low-n oligomers. Using this paradigm we have tested compounds directed at three prominent amyloid-based therapeutic targets: inhibition of the secretases responsible for Aβ production, inhibition of Aβ aggregation and immunization against Aβ. In each case, compounds capable of reducing oligomer production or antibodies that avidly bind Aβ oligomers also ameliorate the synaptotoxic effects of these natural, cell-derived oligomers.
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Batonick, Melissa, and Gail W. Wertz. "Requirements for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Glycoproteins in Assembly and Egress from Infected Cells." Advances in Virology 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/343408.
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Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an enveloped RNA virus that assembles and buds from the plasma membrane of infected cells. The ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) must associate with the viral matrix protein and glycoproteins to form newly infectious particles prior to budding. The viral proteins involved in HRSV assembly and egress are mostly unexplored. We investigated whether the glycoproteins of HRSV were involved in the late stages of viral replication by utilizing recombinant viruses where each individual glycoprotein gene was deleted and replaced with a reporter gene to maintain wild-type levels of gene expression. These engineered viruses allowed us to study the roles of the glycoproteins in assembly and budding in the context of infectious virus. Microscopy data showed that the F glycoprotein was involved in the localization of the glycoproteins with the other viral proteins at the plasma membrane. Biochemical analyses showed that deletion of the F and G proteins affected incorporation of the other viral proteins into budded virions. However, efficient viral release was unaffected by the deletion of any of the glycoproteins individually or in concert. These studies attribute a novel role to the F and G proteins in viral protein localization and assembly.
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Hof, Patrick R., Leslie G. Ungerleider, Michelle M. Adams, Maree J. Webster, Ricardo Gattass, Dana M. Blumberg, and John H. Morrison. "Callosally projecting neurons in the macaque monkey V1/V2 border are enriched in nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (September 1997): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800011688.
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AbstractPrevious immunohistochemical studies combined with retrograde tracing in macaque monkeys have demonstrated that corticocortical projections can be differentiated by their content of neurofilament protein. The present study analyzed the distribution of nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein in callosally projecting neurons located at the V1/V2 border. All of the retrogradely labeled neurons were located in layer III at the V1/V2 border and at an immediately adjacent zone of area V2. A quantitative analysis showed that the vast majority (almost 95%) of these interhemispheric projection neurons contain neurofilament protein immunoreactivity. This observation differs from data obtained in other sets of callosal connections, including homotypical interhemispheric projections in the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal association cortices, that were found to contain uniformly low proportions of neurofilament protein-immunoreactive neurons. Comparably, highly variable proportions of neurofilament protein-containing neurons have been reported in intrahemispheric corticocortical pathways, including feedforward and feedback visual connections. These results indicate that neurofilament protein is a prominent neurochemical feature that identifies a particular population of interhemispheric projection neurons at the V1/V2 border, and suggest that this biochemical attribute may be critical for the function of this subset of callosal neurons.
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Zhang, Huiyan, Haichuan Zhou, Yong Zhao, Tang Li, and Heng Yin. "Comparative studies of two AA10 family lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Bacillus thuringiensis." PeerJ 11 (January 16, 2023): e14670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14670.
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Bacillus thuringiensis, known to be one of the most important biocontrol microorganisms, contains three AA10 family lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in its genome. In previous reports, two of them, BtLPMO10A and BtLPMO10B, have been preliminarily characterized. However, some important biochemical features and substrate preference, as well as their potential applications in chitin degradation, still deserve further investigation. Results from present study showed that both BtLPMO10A and BtLPMO10B exhibit similar catalytic domains as well as highly conserved substrate-binding planes. However, unlike BtLPMO10A, which has comparable binding ability to both crystalline and amorphous form of chitins, BtLPMO10B exhibited much stronger binding ability to colloidal chitin, which mainly attribute to its carbohydrate-binding module-5 (CBM5). Interestingly, the relative high binding ability of BtLPMO10B to colloidal chitin does not lead to high catalytic activity of the enzyme. In contrast, the enzyme exhibited higher activity on β-chitin. Further experiments showed that the binding of BtLPMO10B to colloidal chitin was mainly non-productive, indicating a complicated role for CBM5 in LPMO activity. Furthermore, synergistic experiments demonstrated that both LPMOs boosted the activity of the chitinase, and the higher efficiency of BtLPMO10A can be overridden by BtLPMO10B.
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Kolos, E. A., and D. E. Korzhevskii. "Reactive Changes of Rat Spinal Cord Microgliocytes after Acute Systemic Inflammation." Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова 109, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869813923070063.
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It is widely known that neuroinflammation is a key factor in the development of many neurological pathologies and neurodegenerative diseases. The dynamics of development and duration of neuroinflammatory responses are critical aspects in understanding the patterns of physiological, biochemical and behavioral consequences. The most common object of study is neuroinflammation that develops after experimental systemic inflammation. The effect of acute systemic inflammation on brain microgliocytes has been studied extensively, while spinal cord microglia have been studied less frequently. The purpose of this study was to assess the topographic and temporal features of morphofunctional changes in rat spinal cord microglial cells after experimental LPS-induced systemic inflammation. It has been established that in the early stages of neuroinflammation (24 hours after LPS administration), microgliocytes are activated in the ventral white and ventral gray matter of the spinal cord. At the same time, microgliocytes of the dorsal part of the spinal cord do not show morphological attribute of activation. An increase in the population density of microgliocytes in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord was noted. Accumulations (aggregates) of reactive microgliocytes were also found in this area.
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MOGAMI, Hideo, LLOYD MILLS Chris, and David V. GALLACHER. "Phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122, releases intracellular Ca2+, potentiates Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ release and directly activates ion channels in mouse pancreatic acinar cells." Biochemical Journal 324, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3240645.
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It is recognized in many cellular systems that the receptor/G-protein activation of phospholipase C and Ins(1,4,5)P3 production is the transduction pathway regulating the release of Ca2+ from internal stores. Ca2+ signals can now be monitored at the level of single cells but the biochemical detection of Ins(1,4,5)P3 cannot match this resolution. It is often difficult or impossible to directly attribute responses evoked in single cells by putative phospholipase C-coupled agonists to changes in Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels. U73122 is an aminosteroid that is reported to act as a specific inhibitor of phospholipase C and it has become an important tool in establishing the link between phospholipase C activation and cellular Ca2+ signalling. In the present study we use both patch-clamp electrophysiology and the imaging of fluorescent Ca2+ indicators to investigate the effect of U73122 in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. The study reveals that U73122 has effects other than the inhibition of phospholipase C. U73122 can directly activate ion channels. It can itself promote the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores in permeabilized cells and in intact cells it triggers a release of Ca2+ that is initiated specifically at the secretory pole of these morphologically and functionally polarized cells. We also present evidence that U73122 can potentiate the response to Ins(1,4,5)P3; this is seen both in permeabilized cells and in patch-clamp protocols in which cells are internally dialysed with submaximal concentrations of Ins(1,4,5)P3. The effects of U73122 are therefore multiple and not specific for the inhibition of phospholipase C. Importantly, all the effects described influence Ca2+ signalling yet in many experimental protocols some of these effects can go unnoticed and might in error be attributed simply to the inhibition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 production.
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Redgrove, K. A., B. Nixon, E. A. McLaughlin, M. K. O'Bryan, and R. J. Aitken. "119. IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF SURFACE PROTEIN COMPLEXES IN HUMAN SPERMATOZOA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs119.
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A unique characteristic of mammalian spermatozoa is that upon ejaculation, they are unable to recognise and bind to an ovulated oocyte. These functional attributes are only realised following the sperms ascent of the female reproductive tract whereupon they undergo a myriad of biochemical and biophysical changes collectively referred to as ‘capacitation’. Since spermatozoa are both transcriptionally and translationally quiescent cells, this functional transformation must be engineered by a combination of post-translational modification and spatial reorganisation of existing sperm proteins. Indeed, evidence from our laboratory suggests that a key attribute of capacitation is the remodeling of the sperm surface architecture leading to the assembly and / or presentation of multimeric sperm-oocyte receptor complex(es). Through the novel application of Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), we have secured the first direct evidence that human spermatozoa express a number of these protein complexes on their surface. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that a subset of these complexes harbour putative zona adhesion proteins and display strong affinity for solubilised zona pellucidae. In this study, we have extended our findings through the characterisation of one such complex containing arylsulfatase A (ASA), a protein with recognised affinity for sulfated ligands present within the zona pellucida. Through the application of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry we revealed that ASA undergoes a capacitation-associated translocation to become expressed on the apical region of the human sperm head, a location compatible with a role in the mediation of sperm-zona pellucida interactions. This dramatic relocation was completely abolished by incubation of capacitating spermatozoa in exogenous cholesterol, suggesting that it may be driven in part by alteration in the membrane fluidity characteristics. Our current research is focused on confirming the role of ASA in human sperm-zona pellucida adhesion and elucidating the precise cellular mechanisms that underpin the proteins translocation to the cell surface.
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Silverman, Philip M. "The Research Dynamic: A Professional Development Model for Secondary School Science Teachers." CBE—Life Sciences Education 8, no. 2 (June 2009): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.08-03-0015.
Full textAbstract:
This essay summarizes the author's 10 years of experience at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation mentoring secondary school science teachers during 8-wk Summer Research Institutes. The summary is presented as a learning model, which we call the research dynamic. This model consists of three interlocked components: specified ignorance, peer interactions, and gateway experiments. Specified ignorance is based on the work of the sociologist Robert K. Merton. It is essentially the art of highlighting what is not known about a phenomenon but must become known for further progress. In practice, specified ignorance is framed as a hypothesis, a prediction, or a question. It is commonly the outcome of peer interactions, which are the second essential component of the research dynamic. Peer interactions are the inevitable outcome of having teachers work together in the same laboratory on related research topics. These topics are introduced as gateway experiments, the third component. The most important attribute of gateway experiments is their authenticity. These experiments, when first carried out, opened new scientific vistas. They are also technically, conceptually, and logically simple. We illustrate the research dynamic with a line of seminal experiments in biochemical genetics. We provide evidence that the research dynamic produced significantly positive effects on teachers' confidence in their professional preparedness.
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Tung, Chih-kuan, Lian Hu, Alyssa G. Fiore, Florencia Ardon, Dillon G. Hickman, Robert O. Gilbert, Susan S. Suarez, and Mingming Wu. "Microgrooves and fluid flows provide preferential passageways for sperm over pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 17 (April 13, 2015): 5431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500541112.
Full textAbstract:
Successful mammalian reproduction requires that sperm migrate through a long and convoluted female reproductive tract before reaching oocytes. For many years, fertility studies have focused on biochemical and physiological requirements of sperm. Here we show that the biophysical environment of the female reproductive tract critically guides sperm migration, while at the same time preventing the invasion of sexually transmitted pathogens. Using a microfluidic model, we demonstrate that a gentle fluid flow and microgrooves, typically found in the female reproductive tract, synergistically facilitate bull sperm migration toward the site of fertilization. In contrast, a flagellated sexually transmitted bovine pathogen, Tritrichomonas foetus, is swept downstream under the same conditions. We attribute the differential ability of sperm and T. foetus to swim against flow to the distinct motility types of sperm and T. foetus; specifically, sperm swim using a posterior flagellum and are near-surface swimmers, whereas T. foetus swims primarily via three anterior flagella and demonstrates much lower attraction to surfaces. This work highlights the importance of biophysical cues within the female reproductive tract in the reproductive process and provides insight into coevolution of males and females to promote fertilization while suppressing infection. Furthermore, the results provide previously unidentified directions for the development of in vitro fertilization devices and contraceptives.
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Yenikeyev, R. R., and L. M. Zakharchuk. "Bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the Russian segment of the International Space Station." Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia 78, no. 3, 2023 (November 21, 2023): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-3-5.
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Pure cultures of 19 strains of spore-forming bacteria were obtained from the equipment surfaces of the Russian segment of the International Space Station. The study of morphological, cultural and physiological-biochemical properties of these bacteria allowed us to attribute all strains to the genus Bacillus. As a result of using MALDI-TOF methods and genome-wide sequencing, it was found that out of 19 bacillus strains, six belong to the species B. paralicheniformis, four to B. pumilus, four to B. subtilis, two to B. cereus and one to B. amyloliquefaciens. In accordance with the requirements and norms of EUCAST 2023, the resistance of bacillus strains obtained from the Russian segment of the International Space Station to antibiotics such as imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin and linezolid was studied. Resistance to erythromycin was found in 11 strains of bacilli and five strains showed resistance to clindamycin. Only one strain showed resistance to imipenem, levofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. Analysis of the complete genome of bacterial strains in which resistance to erythromycin and (or) clindamycin was found made it possible to establish that resistance to these antibiotics in B. paralicheniformis strains SE71, SE131, SE181, SE182, SE183 provides the ermD antibiotic resistance gene. In B. cereus SE43, resistance to erythromycin encodes the mphL gene.
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Perumal, P. "Biochemical Attributes of Mithun Semen." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 8, no. 6 (December 7, 2017): 796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2017.8.6.3c0280j.
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Hashim, Maha J. "Detection of Apoptosis Initiated in Treated HepG2 Cells with t-BHP: The Role of Phytochemicals to Reduce Toxicity and Stop Apoptosis." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 9 (September 2021): 745–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1306.
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Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a standard physiological mechanism. It is essential to control the number of cells, balance cell division and cell death, regulate the immune system, and eliminate pathogen-infected cells. Apoptosis entailed a different investigation to determine related biochemical reactions such as activated caspase, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), and Evaluation of Glutathione Content (GSH) by using different techniques. HepG2 cells were exposed to +/- 0.4 and 0.8 mM t-BHP for specific times to induce toxicity for apoptosis detection. We aim to investigate the mechanism of cell death in treated HepG2 with t-BHP under consideration of the conditions of the cytoprotection assay. Results showed no strong evidence for apoptosis, although caspase-3 activity increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in treated HpG2 cells with 0.8 mM t-BHP at 150 minutes. The weak proof for apoptosis may attribute to the participation of Calpain through the cross-talk in blocking the caspase- activation. Similarly, we obtained significant ROS and lipid peroxidation increases in treated HepG2 cells with 0.8 mM t-BHP (p ≤ 0.05 and 0.01 respectively) at 150 minutes. Moreover, reported a (non-significant) decline in GSH amounts. Treatment of the cells with Q and I3C under the conditions used in the cytoprotection study prevented the weak activation of caspase-3 identified by western blot.
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Lobingier, Braden T., and Alexey J. Merz. "Sec1/Munc18 protein Vps33 binds to SNARE domains and the quaternary SNARE complex." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 23 (December 2012): 4611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0343.
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Soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins catalyze membrane fusion events in the secretory and endolysosomal systems, and all SNARE-mediated fusion processes require cofactors of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) family. Vps33 is an SM protein and subunit of the Vps-C complexes HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) and CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering), which are central regulators of endocytic traffic. Here we present biochemical studies of interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar SNAREs and the HOPS holocomplex or Vps33 alone. HOPS binds the N-terminal Habc domain of the Qa-family SNARE Vam3, but Vps33 is not required for this interaction. Instead, Vps33 binds the SNARE domains of Vam3, Vam7, and Nyv1. Vps33 directly binds vacuolar quaternary SNARE complexes, and the affinity of Vps33 for SNARE complexes is greater than for individual SNAREs. Through targeted mutational analyses, we identify missense mutations of Vps33 that produce a novel set of defects, including cargo missorting and the loss of Vps33-HOPS association. Together these data suggest a working model for membrane docking: HOPS associates with N-terminal domains of Vam3 and Vam7 through Vps33-independent interactions, which are followed by binding of Vps33, the HOPS SM protein, to SNARE domains and finally to the quaternary SNARE complex. Our results also strengthen the hypothesis that SNARE complex binding is a core attribute of SM protein function.
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Malekinejad, H., M. Fani, S. Kh Shafiee-Roodbari, F. Delkhosh-Kasmaie, and A. Rezaei-Golmisheh. "Crosstalk between E2f1 and c-Myc mediates hepato-protective effect of royal jelly on taxol-induced damages." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 6 (August 5, 2016): 626–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116660752.
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Previous histopathological studies have shown the hepatotoxicity of paclitaxel (TXL). However, there is little known about the molecular pathway(s) of TXL-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the role of two transcription factors in the TXL-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, the hepato-protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on TXL-induced toxicity was investigated. Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups. The test groups along with TXL received various doses of RJ (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, body weight). Biochemical hepatic functional assays, histopathological studies and hepatic superoxide dismutase level were determined. Additionally, the expression of E2f1 and cellular-myelocytomatosis (c-Myc) at messenger RNA (mRNA) level in the liver was evaluated. The hepatic functional biomarkers showed a significant ( p < 0.05) elevation in the TXL-received animals, while RJ administration for 28 days resulted in a remarkable reduction in TXL-elevated alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The TXL-treated animals showed a significant ( p < 0.05) up-regulation of E2f1 and down-regulation of c-Myc at mRNA level, respectively. RJ lowered the expression of E2f1 while enhanced the expression of c-Myc in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest the hepato-protective effects of RJ on TXL-induced toxicity, which may attribute to a clear crosstalk between E2f1 and c-Myc as two regulators of liver growth.
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Miller, K., U. Steiner, A. Lingnau, U. Keilholz, U. Witzsch, A. Haider, U. Wachter, C. Rüssel, and J. Altwein. "Randomised prospective study of intermittent versus continuous androgen suppression in advanced prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5015.
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5015 Background: Based on results of animal experiments intermittent androgen blockade was suggested to delay progression of advanced prostate cancer to the hormone refractory stage. We conducted a prospective randomized study to compare intermittent with continuous androgen suppression. Methods: This was a multi-centre, randomised, two-arm study comparing treatment with goserelin + bicalutamide (intermittent, group A) vs. goserelin + bicalutamide (continuous, group B). The primary endpoint was time to clinical and/or biochemical progression of the disease despite androgen suppression. Secondary enpoints were survival time, patient’s quality of life (QoL) and toxicity. Patients eligibility criteria were: histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate in clinical stage T1–4N1–3M0 or T1–4N0–3M1 (D1 oder D2). After an induction phase of 24 weeks with MAB, 335 patients whose PSA decreased under 4 ng/ml or = 90% from baseline were randomized. Results: About two-thirds of the patients of both the intermittent and the continuous therapy arm (65% versus 66%, ITT population) experienced a clinical and/or biochemical disease progression due to any reason during this study. The median time to disease progression was longer for patients randomised to the intermittent therapy arm (16.6 months) compared with patients randomised to the continuous therapy arm (11.5 months). This difference however was not statistically significant (log rank test, p=0.1758). The median time to death from any cause was 51.4 month in the intermittent arm compared and 53.8 months in the continuous therapy arm (p = 0.658). There were no differences in the incidence of patients with AEs or SAEs or in any other safety parameter between patients treated intermittently and patients treated continuously. Patients’ self-assessment of their overall health and of their sexual activity appeared to be favourable in the intermittent compared with the continuous therapy arm. 88% of all patients treated intermittently experienced more than 50% of the number of treatment days as treatment-free days. Conclusions: Intermittent therapy in D1 and D2 prostate cancer patients appears to be safe and feasible. Off treatment periods are > 40 % and attribute to patients quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Goulding, A., and E. Gold. "A new way to induce oestrogen-deficiency osteopaenia in the rat: comparison of the effects of surgical ovariectomy and administration of the LHRH agonist buserelin on bone resorption and composition." Journal of Endocrinology 121, no. 2 (May 1989): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1210293.
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ABSTRACT Prolonged administration of LHRH agonist suppresses pituitary gonadotrophin secretion, thereby lowering blood oestrogen. This study was undertaken to compare the osteopaenic effects of bilateral ovariectomy and chronic administration of the LHRH agonist, buserelin, in the rat. Four groups of animals which had their skeletons labelled with 45Ca were studied for 4 weeks. Group 1 underwent a sham-ovariectomy, group 2 were surgically ovariectomized, group 3 were given buserelin by daily s.c. injection and group 4 were given a continuous infusion of buserelin by osmotic minipump. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol were measured weekly. Bone resorption was assessed by measuring the urinary excretion of 45Ca and hydroxyproline and determining bone 45Ca content. Ovariectomy and buserelin treatments lowered blood oestradiol, increased biochemical indices of bone resorption and decreased femur and total body calcium and 45Ca values. The degree of oesteopaenia elicited by ovariectomy and buserelin treatment was similar. Bone responses to s.c. buserelin and to continuous buserelin infusion were alike. We attribute evidence of increases in bone resorption and induction of osteopaenia with buserelin treatment to hypo-oestrogenism. We have shown for the first time by bone analysis that buserelin induces osteopaenia as effectively as bilateral ovariectomy. This appears to be the first demonstration in the rat that long-term administration of LHRH agonist influences bone. Administration of buserelin provides a new way of inducing oestrogen-deficiency osteopaenia in the rat without removing the ovaries. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 293–298
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Szedljak, Ildikó, Anikó Kovács, Gabriella Kun-Farkas, Botond Bernhardt, Szabina Králik, and Katalin Szántai-Kőhegyi. "Monitoring of Chemical Changes in Red Lentil Seeds during The Germination Process." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2018-0016.
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Abstract Red lentils are a very important raw material in the food industry due to their high protein content and high level of health-promoting components. The nutritive value of red lentils is the most important attribute from a research point of view; it can be increased by germination, soaking as well as physical and biochemical processes. The antinutritive materials are reduced or denatured by the germination process and indigestible components become available to the human body. Heat treatment was applied to achieve different temperatures and increase the microbiological stability of germinating samples. The effect of heat treatment on the amounts of certain components and the activity of oxidative enzymes was tested during our experiments; the nutritional characteristics (water-soluble total polyphenol content (WSTPC), water-soluble protein content (WSPC), water-soluble antioxidant capacity, in addition to peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities) of different treatments in red lentil samples were monitored. The WSTPC in our samples ranged from 0.726 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent GAE/g DW (DW being dry weight) to 1.089 mg GAE/g DW, and the WSPC varied from 19.078 g / 100g DW to 29.692 g / 100 g DW. Results showed that germination led to an increase in the WSTPC and WSPC. The peroxidase enzyme activity also exhibited an increase during germination which could result in deepening of the colour of the finished products. Germination resulted in the water-soluble antioxidant capacity of red lentil samples decreasing.