Academic literature on the topic 'Biochar application rate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biochar application rate"
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Uslu, Omer Suha, Emre Babur, Mehmet Hakkı Alma, and Zakaria M. Solaiman. "Walnut Shell Biochar Increases Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings of Fodder Crops." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100427.
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Currently, biochars are produced from a wide range of feedstocks with a broad diversity in physicochemical characteristics. Therefore, a diverse agronomic response of crop plants to biochars application was expected. A preliminary ecotoxicological assessment is necessary before application of biochar to soil, even though biochar is a recalcitrant carbon considered as a promising soil amendment because of its ability to climate change mitigation by sequestration of carbon in the soil. Thus, a Petri dish germination test was conducted to assess the effects of six walnut shell biochar rates (i.e., 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 Mg ha−1) on seed germination and early growth of seedlings of fodder crops (Triticale cultivar X Triticasecale Wittmack and Pisum sativum sp. arvense L. varieties Taşkent and Özkaynak). A simple Petri dish bioassay method used to determine the effect of biochar rates on seed germination. Germination rate decreased with both higher and lower rate of biochar application. Results showed that the germination rate and growth indices were dependent on plant species. The seed germination rate of all three species was stimulated at the 40 Mg ha−1 rate, but Taşkent mung bean occurred at the highest rate of 120 Mg ha−1. Significantly higher germination rate and growth indices observed with the 40 and 80 Mg ha−1 biochar rates, respectively. Biochar application generally increased seed germination at rates ≤ 40 Mg ha−1 and seedling growth indices at rates ≤ 80 Mg ha−1. This rapid test can be used as the first indicator of biochar effects on seed germination rate and early growth of seedlings. Farmers could use this test before investing in biochar application.
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Domingues, Rimena R., Miguel A. Sánchez-Monedero, Kurt A. Spokas, Leônidas C. A. Melo, Paulo F. Trugilho, Murilo Nunes Valenciano, and Carlos A. Silva. "Enhancing Cation Exchange Capacity of Weathered Soils Using Biochar: Feedstock, Pyrolysis Conditions and Addition Rate." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060824.
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The addition of alkaline and high-cation exchange capacity (CEC) biochars is a suitable strategy to increase the CEC of weathered soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar from different feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures on the CEC of two contrasting Oxisols. Biochars produced from chicken manure (CM), eucalyptus sawdust (ES), coffee husk (CH) and sugarcane bagasse (SB),plus a control (without biochar), at 350, 450, and 750 °C were mixed with the soils at 2; 5; 10 and 20% (w/w) and incubated for 9 months. Feedstock, pyrolysis temperature and addition rate of biochar were key factors controlling the alteration of soil CEC. The CH biochar pyrolyzed at 350 °C was the most effective matrix at increasing soil CEC. In a rate-dependent way, ES and SB biochars increased C contents of both soils without improving soil CEC. The efficiency of high-ash biochars in enhancing soil CEC in both Oxisols was limited by the alkalization caused by high rates of CH and CM biochars. The increase in CEC is soil-dependent and modulated by high-ash biochar CEC and application rate, as well as by the original soil CEC.
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Kalu, Subin, Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya, Per Ambus, Priit Tammeorg, Asko Simojoki, Mari Pihlatie, and Kristiina Karhu. "Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study." Biology and Fertility of Soils 57, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01534-0.
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AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.
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Del Campo, Bernardo, Thomas Brumm, and Nir Keren. "Fast Pyrolysis Biochar Flammability behavior for Handling and Storage." ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 13, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18272/aci.v13i2.2314.
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Biochar is a fairly new material in the research arena with limited information on safety aspects related to transportation, storage, disposal or field application methods. The objective of this research was to assess the flammability characteristics of fast pyrolysis biochars with test methods EPA 1030 and ASTM 4982. Results indicated that biochar is a non-flammable substance when tested with EPA 1030 ignitability of solids. However, when tested with ASTM D4982, a fast screening method, biochars showed potential risks of flammability. However, the addition of 20-50% moisture reduced any flammability concern.
Fast pyrolysis biochar was more prone to be flammable than traditional charcoal and slow pyrolysis biochar tested in this study. Still, fast pyrolysis biochars presented lower flammability potential (ASTM 4982) in comparison to its precursor biomass. The flammability propagation measured with EPA 1030, had high correlations with oxygen content and surface area of the fast pyrolysis biochar. The combustion reaction of fast pyrolysis biochar is a flameless combustion process, with a slow burning rate, and most commonly exhibiting a hot ember smoldering propagation front.
This paper illustrates the necessity of performing recurring tests due to biochar’s intrinsic variability stemming from the different modes of production and feedstock used.
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Tsai, Chen-Chi, and Yu-Fang Chang. "Higher Biochar Rate Can Be Efficient in Reducing Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification in the Excessive Compost-Fertilized Soils." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040617.
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The effects of a high biochar rate on soil carbon mineralization, when co-applied with excessive compost, have been reported in previous studies, but there is a dearth of studies focusing on soil nitrogen. In order to ascertain the positive or snegative effects of a higher biochar rate on excessive compost, compost (5 wt. %) and three slow pyrolysis (>700 °C) biochars (formosan ash (Fraxinus formosana Hayata), ash biochar; makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makino Hayata), bamboo biochar; and lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit), lead tree biochar) were applied (0, 2 and 5 wt. %) to three soils (one Oxisols and two Inceptisols). Destructive sampling occurred at 1, 3, 7, 28, 56, 84, 140, 196, 294, and 400 days to monitor for changes in soil chemistry. The overall results showed that, compared to the other rates, the 5% biochar application rate significantly reduced the concentrations of inorganic N (NO3−-N + NH4+-N) in the following, decreasing order: lead tree biochar > bamboo biochar > ash biochar. The soil response in terms of ammonium and nitrate followed a similar declining trend in the three soils throughout the incubation periods, with this effect increasing in tandem with the biochar application rate. Over time, the soil NO3−-N increased, probably due to the excessive compost N mineralization; however, the levels of soil NO3−-N in the sample undergoing the 5% biochar application rate remained the lowest, to a significant degree. The soils’ original properties determined the degree of ammonium and nitrate reduction after biochar addition. To reduce soil NO3−-N pollution and increase the efficiency of compost fertilizer use, a high rate of biochar application (especially with that pyrolyzed at high temperatures (>700 °C)) to excessively compost-fertilized soils is highly recommended.
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Mwadalu, Riziki, Benson Mochoge, and Benjamin Danga. "Assessing the Potential of Biochar for Improving Soil Physical Properties and Tree Growth." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6000184.
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The effect of biochar on tree growth and soil physical properties as indicated in literature is still outstanding. Information on the effect of biochar on tree growth is limited, and the available literature has recorded conflicting results. Therefore, a field experiment using Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina) as the test crop under different biochar rates was conducted. Four biochar rates (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 t ha−1) were used as treatments, each replicated three times. Generally, biochar-amended plots recorded higher Casuarina height, collar diameter, and diameter at breast height (DBH). The application of biochar at 7.5 t ha−1 resulted in higher Casuarina height of up to 20.2% compared to the control. On the contrary, application of biochar at 2.5 t ha−1 recorded higher collar diameter of up to 30.2% compared to the control. Generally, there was a decrease in soil bulk density with biochar application. Bulk density decreased linearly with increasing biochar application rates with biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1 recording the lowest bulk density (0.99 g cm−3). There was a decrease in bulk density of up to 25% compared to the control with the biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1. Biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1 also recorded the highest soil moisture content across the assessment periods. Biochar-amended plots recorded higher soil moisture content than the untreated control. There was increase in soil moisture content following biochar application of up to 108% with the application of biochar at 7.5 t ha−1 compared to the untreated control. The increase in soil moisture content with biochar application can be attributed to biochar’s porous nature and large surface area. These results suggest that the use of biochar has the potential of enhancing Casuarina growth while enhancing soil physical properties by decreasing bulk density and enhancing soil moisture storage.
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Enaime, Ghizlane, and Manfred Lübken. "Agricultural Waste-Based Biochar for Agronomic Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 8914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198914.
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Agricultural activities face several challenges due to the intensive increase in population growth and environmental issues. It has been established that biochar can be assigned a useful role in agriculture. Its agronomic application has therefore received increasing attention recently. The literature shows different applications, e.g., biochar serves as a soil ameliorant to optimize soil structure and composition, and it increases the availability of nutrients and the water retention capacity in the soil. If the biochar is buried in the soil, it decomposes very slowly and thus serves as a long-term store of carbon. Limiting the availability of pesticides and heavy metals increases soil health. Biochar addition also affects soil microbiology and enzyme activity and contributes to the improvement of plant growth and crop production. Biochar can be used as a compost additive and animal feed and simultaneously provides a contribution to minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. Several parameters, including biochar origin, pyrolysis temperature, soil type when biochar is used as soil amendment, and application rate, control biochar’s efficiency in different agricultural applications. Thus, special care should be given when using a specific biochar for a specific application to prevent any negative effects on the agricultural environment.
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Parkash, Ved, and Sukhbir Singh. "Potential of Biochar Application to Mitigate Salinity Stress in Eggplant." HortScience 55, no. 12 (December 2020): 1946–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15398-20.
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Salinity stress is among the major abiotic stresses prevailing in arid and semiarid areas such as the southern high plains of the United States. In these areas, both declining quality of groundwater and cultivation practices have resulted in increased accumulation of salts in the root zone. The occurrence of excessive salts in the root zone is detrimental for plant growth and economic yield. Recently, biochar has received a great consideration as a soil amendment to mitigate the detrimental impacts of salinity stress. However, the effectiveness of biochar to mitigate the salinity stress depends on the feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature and time, soil type and properties, and plant species. Therefore, a pot experiment in a greenhouse was conducted to 1) examine the effects of salinity stress on physiology, shoot and root growth, and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and 2) evaluate the potential of hardwood biochar and softwood biochar to mitigate the damaging effects of salinity stress on eggplant. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three salinity levels of irrigation water [S0 (control, 0.04 dS·m−1), S1 (2 dS·m−1), and S2 (4 dS·m−1)] as main-plot factor and three biochar treatments [B0 (control, non-biochar), Bh (hardwood biochar), and Bs (softwood biochar)] as subplot factor with four replications. Results showed that stomatal conductance (gS) and photosynthesis rate decreased significantly, while leaf temperature and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with increase in irrigation water salinity levels. Root growth (root length density and root surface area density), shoot growth (plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area), and yield of eggplant declined with increase in levels of salinity stress. Biochar application helped to enhance gS and photosynthesis rate, and to decrease leaf temperature and electrolyte leakage in leaf tissues of plants. This resulted in better root growth, shoot growth, and fruit yield of eggplant in treatments amended with biochar than non-biochar (control) treatment. There was no significant difference in the effect of two types of biochars (hardwood and softwood biochar) on physiology, root growth, shoot growth, and yield of eggplant. Therefore, it can be concluded that softwood and hardwood biochars could be used to minimize the detrimental impacts of salinity stress in eggplant.
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Guo, Mingxin. "The 3R Principles for Applying Biochar to Improve Soil Health." Soil Systems 4, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4010009.
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Amending soil with biochar is a promising approach to persistently improve soil health and promote crop growth. The efficacy of soil biochar amendment, however, is soil specific, biochar dependent, and influenced by the biochar application programs. To maximize the benefits of biochar application, this paper proposes the 3R principles for applying biochar to soils: right biochar source, right application rate, and right placement in soil. The quality of biochar as a soil amendment varies significantly with the feedstock and the production conditions. Biochar products capable of everlastingly sustaining soil health are those with high stable organic carbon (OC) content and high water- and nutrient-holding capacities that are manufactured from uncontaminated biomass materials. Acidic, coarse-textured, highly leached soils respond remarkably more to biochar amendment than other types of soils. Soil amendment with particular biochars at as low as 0.1 mass% (equivalent to 2 Mg ha−1) may enhance the seasonal crop productivity. To achieve the evident, long-term soil health improvement effects, wood- and crop residue-derived biochars should be applied to soil at one time or cumulatively 2–5 mass% and manure-derived biochars at 1–3 mass% soil. Optimal amendment rates of particular biochar soil systems should be prescreened to ensure the pH of newly treated soils is less than 7.5 and the electrical conductivity (EC) below 2.7 dS m−1 (in 1:1 soil/water slurry). To maximize the soil health benefits while minimizing the erosion risk, biochar amendment should be implemented through broadcasting granular biochar in moistened conditions or in compost mixtures to cropland under low-wind weather followed by thorough and uniform incorporation into the 0–15 cm soil layer. Biochars are generally low in plant macronutrients and cannot serve as a major nutrient source (especially N) to plants. Combined chemical fertilization is necessary to realize the synergic beneficial effects of biochar amendment.
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Weyers, S. L., and K. A. Spokas. "Crop residue decomposition in Minnesota biochar amended plots." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 599–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-599-2014.
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Abstract. Impacts of biochar application at laboratory scales are routinely studied, but impacts of biochar application on decomposition of crop residues at field scales have not been widely addressed. The priming or hindrance of crop residue decomposition could have a cascading impact on soil processes, particularly those influencing nutrient availability. Our objectives were to evaluate biochar effects on field decomposition of crop residue, using plots that were amended with biochars made from different feedstocks and pyrolysis platforms prior to the start of this study. Litterbags containing wheat straw material were buried below the soil surface in a continuous-corn cropped field in plots that had received one of seven different biochar amendments or a non-charred wood pellet amendment 2.5 yr prior to start of this study. Litterbags were collected over the course of 14 weeks. Microbial biomass was assessed in treatment plots the previous fall. Though first-order decomposition rate constants were positively correlated to microbial biomass, neither parameter was statistically affected by biochar or wood-pellet treatments. The findings indicated only a residual of potentially positive and negative initial impacts of biochars on residue decomposition, which fit in line with established feedstock and pyrolysis influences. Though no significant impacts were observed with field-weathered biochars, effective soil management may yet have to account for repeat applications of biochar.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biochar application rate"
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Ding, Weihao, and 丁韋豪. "The Effects of Biochar Application Rates on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in the Condition of Applied Swine Manure Compost." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25661847619752119263.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
森林暨自然資源學系碩士班
100
Abstract The soil fertility in Taiwan agricultural soil is not well, coupled with the intensive farming practices, the soil fertility has severely depleted in Taiwan. In order to maintain crop production, the farmers in Taiwan must apply a lot of fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer. Over a long time, not only spend costly in fertilizer, but the soil could be degraded. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of different biochar application rates on soil nitrogen mineralization. This study also supposes that if biochar application could significant promote soil nitrogen mineralization in Taiwan agricultural soil, the farmer could reduce the amount of fertilizer application and the possibility of soil degradation. Three soil series were selected in this study, including Pingchen, Erlin, and Annei soil series. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar application rates on soil nitrogen mineralization in the condition of applied swine manure compost. The results show that: in part of the pH of soil extracts, of any amount are the Pingchen soil series (Pc), the pH value significantly lower than the other two soil series; in Pingchen soil series and Erlin soil (Eh) series, adding biochar to improve the effect of soil pH is very rapid, relatively is relatively short, while Annei soil series (An) slower performance, but can last longer. In the same soil series with different amounts of comparison, the result is to add the amount of the sample, the pH value is relatively high, and with the addition of biochar to improve and increase the pH of soil extracts. Part of the soil out of the Electric Conductivity (EC), no matter what amount, are Eh EC values of soil series was significantly higher than the other two soil series. EC values of Pc soil series to add biochar samples significantly higher, while the EC value of Eh and An soil series is almost not added. Done extract pure water on the soil samples, to observe the release of soil Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), the results of the Pc> An> Eh. In which soil series, add the biochar does not significantly affect the DOC released during the experiment, biological carbon consumption by the microorganisms. The results of soil nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N) content was significantly higher than the other two soil series of Pc soil series. Comparison of the amount, only the Pc soil series will add biochar to reduce NH4+-N release amount. Other soil series in the 2% biochar added, NO3--N emissions will lower emissions than other groups. Total inorganic nitrogen trends are similar to the result of NO3--N. Therefore, add the effect of biochar on soil nitrogen mineralization(Avoid losses for the save of inorganic nitrogen ) in addition to the Pc soil series is recommended to add the biochar does not exceed 0.5%, Eh and An soil series is recommended that the dosage does not exceed 1%. Beyond this range will significantly reduce nitrogen mineralization rate. However, the impact of biochar on soil and crops, there are many. To determine if the biochar as a whole, is a positive effect on soil and crops, also need to undertake a follow-up study to determine.
Book chapters on the topic "Biochar application rate"
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Akachukwu, Doris, Michael Adedapo Gbadegesin, Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe, and Christopher John Atkinson. "Biochar for Climate Change Adaptation: Effect on Heavy Metal Composition of Telfairia occidentalis Leaves." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1401–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_202.
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AbstractGas flaring is a key contributor of greenhouse gases that causes global warming and climate change. Adaptation measures for tackling impacts of climate change have gained much research interest. This chapter assessed vegetable farmers’ perception of gas flaring and the effect of biochar remediation on the heavy metal composition of cultivated Telfairia occidentalis. A gas-flared area, Ohaji/Egbema L.G.A of Imo State, and a non-gas-flared area, Umudike, Ikwuano L.G.A, were selected for this research. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 120 respondents. Soils were collected from the study sites and transported to the greenhouse. Five different rates, 0 t ha−1, 7.1 t ha−1, 13.9 t ha−1, 20.9 t ha−1, and 28.0 t ha−1, of palm bunch biochar were applied to the soils in plastic buckets. After 2 weeks of mineralization, two viable seeds of Telfairia occidentalis were planted in each bucket and watered every other day for 8 weeks. The result revealed that 63% of vegetable farmers where female, while 37% were male in the gas-flared area. A total of 97% of the farmers had knowledge of gas flaring. A total decrease of 55% percent income, 90% yield, and 67% market quality of vegetable farmers was attributed to gas-flared activities. The plant height of cultivated vegetables increased every 2 weeks with greater increase in the test plant. Heavy metal concentration (Pb, and Cr) decreased with increasing biochar rate and was significantly lower for 28.0 t ha−1. Biochar can enhance soil fertility and help immobilize heavy metals. The effect of biochar application on the heavy metal composition is dependent on the rate of application. Biochar use could be a cheap adaptation measure in the face of a changing climate.
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Tesfamichael, Brook, and Nebiyeleul Gessese. "Effect of Biochar Application Rate, Production (Pyrolysis) Temperature and Feedstock Type (Rice Husk/Maize Straw) on Amendment of Clay-Acidic Soil." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 135–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15357-1_11.
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Cabral Mielke, Kamila, Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa, and Bruna Aparecida de Paula Medeiros. "Degradation Process of Herbicides in Biochar-Amended Soils: Impact on Persistence and Remediation." In Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101916.
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Biochar is a solid material derived from different feedstocks that is added to the soil for various agronomic and environmental purposes, such as nutrient sources and CO2 emission mitigators. In modern agriculture, the application of herbicides directly in the soil is common for pre-emergent weed control; however, biochars may interfere in the degradation processes of these agrochemicals, increasing or decreasing their persistence. Long persistence is desirable for some herbicides in determined cultivation systems, especially in monoculture, but persistence is undesirable in crop rotation and/or succession systems because the subsequent cropping can be sensitive to the herbicide, causing carryover problems. Therefore, knowing the interactions of biochar-herbicide is essential, since these interactions depend on feedstock, pyrolysis conditions (production temperature), application rate, biochar aging, among other factors; and the physical-chemical characteristics of the herbicide. This chapter shows that the addition of biochar in the soil interferes in the persistence or remediation processes of the herbicide, and taking advantage of the agricultural and environmental benefits of biochars without compromising weed control requires a broad knowledge of the characteristics of biochar, soil, and herbicide and their interactions.
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Abukari, Ammal, Ziblim Abukari Imoro, Abubakari Zarouk Imoro, and Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah. "Sustainable Use of Biochar in Environmental Management." In Environmental Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96510.
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Conversion of agricultural wastes into eco-friendly and low cost biochar is not only a smart recycling strategy but a panacea to environmental pollution management. Agricultural wastes biochar can be an effective alternative technique for controlling contaminants due to its low cost, high-efficiency, simple to use, ecological sustainability and reliability in terms of public safety. Biochars have made substantial breakthroughs in reducing greenhouse gases emissions, reducing soil nutrient leaching, sequester atmospheric carbon into the soil, increasing agricultural productivity, and reducing bioavailability of environmental contaminants. Recent advances in the understanding of biochars warrant a proper scientific evaluation of the relationship between its properties and impact on soil properties, environmental pollutant remediation, plant growth, yield, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main factors controlling biochar properties include the nature of feedstock, heat transfer rate, residence time and pyrolysis temperature. Biochar efficacy in pollutants management largely depends on its elemental composition, ion-exchange capacity, pore size distribution and surface area, which vary with the nature of feedstock, preparation conditions and procedures. The chapter explored the possibility of using biochar from agricultural wastes as a suitable alternative for the remediation of environmental pollutants, soil conditioning and the long-term biochar application in the environment.
Conference papers on the topic "Biochar application rate"
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Syahrinudin, Triyono Sudarmadji, Nurman Krisdianto, Ibrahim, and Wahjuni Hartati. "Biochar Application on Spodosols Soils Promotes Higher Plant Growth and Survival Rate." In Joint Symposium on Tropical Studies (JSTS-19). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210408.060.
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Kim, Chul, and Saeid Nooshabadi. "A 200Mbps, 0.66nJ/b DTR UWB receiver for high data rate wireless biotelemetry applications." In 2010 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2010.5709561.
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Jackson, Seth, Jeff Darabi, and Joseph Schober. "Fabrication and Testing of a Magnetophoretic Bioseparation Chip for Isolation and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells From Peripheral Blood." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5082.
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Abstract Significant research involving the isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has become prevalent in the field of biomedicine. It plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and has made substantial strides in recent years. A major event in the timeline of cancer is metastasis, a set of occurrences where cells are shed from a cancerous site, then flow through the circulatory system and seed themselves throughout the body, forming secondary tumors. There are few observable symptoms in the early stages of metastasis and this fact severely limits clinical treatment. The fabrication and preliminary testing of a magnetophoretic bioseparation chip capable of isolating and detecting CTCs from peripheral blood, which can aid in early detection of metastases, is presented in this work. MCF7 breast cancer cells along with superparamagnetic microparticles, which are specifically coated with anti-EpCAM to bind to the cancer cells, are spiked into a blood sample. After the spiked blood sample is introduced into the biochip, a locally engineered magnetic field gradient captures the magnetically labeled cancer cells while the non-target cells are allowed to pass by. Once the target cells are isolated from the blood sample, flow cytometry is used to determine the recovery rate of the magnetophoretic device. The proposed device can operate at continuous flow rates magnitudes higher than other CTC isolation devices and is fabricated using much simpler methods which make it quite unique. These properties combined with greater than 80% recovery rates make the device quite favorable for economic point of care use in clinical applications.