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Journal articles on the topic 'Biocatalytic component'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Ion, Sabina, Florentina Olănescu, Florina Teodorescu, Robert Tincu, Daniela Gheorghe, Vasile I. Pârvulescu, and Mădălina Tudorache. "DES-Based Biocatalysis as a Green Alternative for the l-menthyl Ester Production Based on l-menthol Acylation." Molecules 27, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 5273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165273.

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The deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based biocatalysis of l-menthol acylation was designed for the production of fatty acid l-menthyl ester (FME) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The biocatalytic reaction was assisted by a lipase enzyme in the DES reaction medium. ւՒ-menthol and fatty acids (e.g., CA—caprylic acid; OA—oleic acid; LiA—linoleic acid; and LnA—linolenic acid) were combined in the binary mixture of DES. In this way, the DES provided a nonpolar environment for requested homogeneity of a biocatalytic system with reduced impact on the environment. The screening of lipase enzyme demonstrated better performance of immobilized lipase compared with powdered lipase. The performance of the biocatalytic system was evaluated for different DES compositions (type and concentration of the acid component). l-menthol:CA = 73:27 molar ratio allowed it to reach a maximum conversion of 95% methyl lauric ester (MLE) using a NV (Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on acrylic resin) lipase biocatalyst. The recyclability of biocatalysts under optimum conditions of the system was also evaluated (more than 80% recovered biocatalytic activity was achieved for the tested biocatalysts after five reaction cycles). DES mixtures were characterized based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and refractive index analysis.
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2

Alotaibi, Mohammed, Jinesh C. Manayil, Gillian M. Greenway, Stephen J. Haswell, Stephen M. Kelly, Adam F. Lee, Karen Wilson, and Georgios Kyriakou. "Lipase immobilised on silica monoliths as continuous-flow microreactors for triglyceride transesterification." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 3, no. 1 (2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7re00162b.

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3

He, Wei-Xun, Xiu Xing, Zeng-Jie Yang, Yuan Yu, Na Wang, and Xiao-Qi Yu. "Biocatalytic One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Indoloquinolizines with High Diastereoselectivity." Catalysis Letters 149, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02660-7.

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4

Zhou, Hangyu, Jing Zhao, Aitao Li, and Manfred T. Reetz. "Chemical and Biocatalytic Routes to Arbutin †." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183303.

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Arbutin (also called β-arbutin) is a natural product occurring in the leaves of a variety of different plants, the bearberries of the Ericaceae and Saxifragaceae families being prominent examples. It is a β-glucoside derived from hydroquinone (HQ; 1,4-dihydroxybenzene). Arbutin has been identified in traditional Chinese folk medicines as having, inter alia, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that useful in the treatment of different ailments including urinary diseases. Today, it is also used worldwide for the treatment of skin ailments by way of depigmenting, which means that arbutin is a component of many products in the cosmetics and healthcare industries. It is also relevant in the food industry. Hundreds of publications have appeared describing the isolation, structure determination, toxicology, synthesis, and biological properties of arbutin as well as the molecular mechanism of melanogenesis (tyrosinase inhibition). This review covers the most important aspects with special emphasis on the chemical and biocatalytic methods for the production of arbutin.
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Lv, Y. M., P. Laborda, K. Huang, Z. P. Cai, M. Wang, A. M. Lu, C. Doherty, L. Liu, S. L. Flitsch, and J. Voglmeir. "Highly efficient and selective biocatalytic production of glucosamine from chitin." Green Chemistry 19, no. 2 (2017): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc02910h.

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6

Heine, Thomas, Willem van Berkel, George Gassner, Karl-Heinz van Pée, and Dirk Tischler. "Two-Component FAD-Dependent Monooxygenases: Current Knowledge and Biotechnological Opportunities." Biology 7, no. 3 (August 2, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology7030042.

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Flavoprotein monooxygenases create valuable compounds that are of high interest for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries, among others. Monooxygenases that use flavin as cofactor are either single- or two-component systems. Here we summarize the current knowledge about two-component flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent monooxygenases and describe their biotechnological relevance. Two-component FAD-dependent monooxygenases catalyze hydroxylation, epoxidation, and halogenation reactions and are physiologically involved in amino acid metabolism, mineralization of aromatic compounds, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The monooxygenase component of these enzymes is strictly dependent on reduced FAD, which is supplied by the reductase component. More and more representatives of two-component FAD-dependent monooxygenases have been discovered and characterized in recent years, which has resulted in the identification of novel physiological roles, functional properties, and a variety of biocatalytic opportunities.
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7

Chhaya, Urvish, and Snehal Ingale. "Micellar Enzymology- Chemistry and Applications." Open Biotechnology Journal 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701610010326.

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Enzymes in aqueous environment usually deal with purified enzyme preparations isolated from living matter which does not mimic real catalytic properties in vivo. Interaction of enzymes in nature takes place with different surfaces composed from lipid membranes or they get incorporated into biomembranes. Although Water is not a dominating component in the cytoplasm but plays a structural role by participating in the formation of biocatalytic complexes like glycoproteins. Water is needed to keep biocatalyst in active confirmation and hence plays very crucial role in biocatalytic reactions, activity and stability so that it can be used for various applications. This review focuses on composition, preparation properties and parameters which influence enzymes in reverse micelles and application of micellar enzymology to study protein chemistry, shifting equilibrium of various reactions, to recover various products by partition chromatography and bioremediation of chlorophenolic environmental pollutants.
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8

Shrivas, Prabhakar, and Umesh Pratap. "Biocatalytic one-pot three-component synthesis of 4H-chromene derivatives in non-aqueous medium." Chemical Papers 73, no. 5 (January 10, 2019): 1301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-00679-5.

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9

Zumbrägel, Nadine, and Harald Gröger. "Merging Heterocyclic Chemistry and Biocatalysis in One-Pot Processes through Compartmentalization of the Reaction Steps." Bioengineering 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering5030060.

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A proof of concept for a one-pot process merging a heterocycle formation by a classical chemical approach at basic conditions with a biocatalytic reduction, running at neutral pH conditions, is reported. A crucial component for this process is the compartmentalization of the single reactions by the use of polydimethylsiloxane thimbles. This process was applied successfully towards an asymmetric synthesis of (S)-2,2,3-trimethyl-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonane, leading to excellent enantioselectivities of 99% enantiomeric excess (ee).
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10

Hu, Ke Shun, Chong Le Chen, Huan Ru Ding, Tian Yu Wang, Qin Zhu, Yi Chen Zhou, Jia Min Chen, et al. "Production of Salvianic Acid A from l-DOPA via Biocatalytic Cascade Reactions." Molecules 27, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 6088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186088.

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Salvianic acid A (SAA), as the main bioactive component of the traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, has important application value in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, a two-step bioprocess for the preparation of SAA from l-DOPA was developed. In the first step, l-DOPA was transformed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DHPPA) using engineered Escherichia coli cells expressing membrane-bound L-amino acid deaminase from Proteus vulgaris. After that, the unpurified DHPPA was directly converted into SAA by permeabilized recombinant E. coli cells co-expressing d-lactate dehydrogenase from Pediococcus acidilactici and formate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium vaccae N10. Under optimized conditions, 48.3 mM of SAA could be prepared from 50 mM of l-DOPA, with a yield of 96.6%. Therefore, the bioprocess developed here was not only environmentally friendly, but also exhibited excellent production efficiency and, thus, is promising for industrial SAA production.
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11

Furuya, Toshiki, Masahiko Sai, and Kuniki Kino. "Biocatalytic synthesis of 3,4,5,3′,5′-pentahydroxy-trans-stilbene from piceatannol by two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase HpaBC." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 80, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2015.1072463.

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12

He, Tao, Qing-Qing Zeng, Da-Cheng Yang, Yan-Hong He, and Zhi Guan. "Biocatalytic one-pot three-component synthesis of 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles and spirooxindole pyrans using α-amylase from hog pancreas." RSC Advances 5, no. 47 (2015): 37843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16825a.

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13

Karkeszová, Klaudia, Viera Illeová, Peter Kis, Vladimír Mastihuba, and Milan Polakovič. "Apiin-induction of β-apiosidase production by Aspergillus sp. strains." Acta Chimica Slovaca 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2020-0011.

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Abstractβ-Apiosidase is a rare glycosidase applied in winemaking for flavour enhancement. This enzyme is involved in the release of volatile terpenes by hydrolysis of their odourless glycosidic precursors. It is found as a minor component in commercial pectinase/cellulase preparations. Microbial production of β-apiosidase by two Aspergillus sp. strains was investigated. Apiin-induced production of this extracellular glycosidase was confirmed only during the cultivation of Aspergillus niger CBS 554.65 but the high productivity value reported in the work of Dupin et al. (1992) J. Agric. Food Chem. 40(10): 1886—1891 could not be reproduced. The achieved productivity was by far not satisfactory considering the apiin cost. Commercial enzyme preparations with β-apiosidase side-activity thus remain a better alternative as the enzyme source for biocatalytic applications.
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14

Ncube, Efficient N., Paul A. Steenkamp, Chris W. van der Westhuyzen, Lucia H. Steenkamp, and Ian A. Dubery. "Metabolomics-Guided Analysis of the Biocatalytic Conversion of Sclareol to Ambradiol by Hyphozyma roseoniger." Catalysts 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12010055.

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The biocatalytic conversion of sclareol to ambradiol, a valuable component in the fragrance industry, using whole-cell biotransformation by the dimorphic yeast Hyphozyma roseoniger, was investigated using metabolomics tools. An integrated approach was used to identify and quantify the participating intermediates in this bioconversion using both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS). This study entailed growth stage-dependent analysis of H. roseoniger suspensions grown in batch culture over a 14-day period, beginning with a three-day induction period using 20 mg/200 mL sclareol, followed by a further 1 g/200 mL sclareol dose to enable ambradiol production. The progress of the bioconversion and the resulting dynamic changes to the metabolome were monitored using NMR analysis and semi-targeted LC–MS metabolomics. This outlined the molecular conversions occurring within the matrix and no novel intermediates participating in the sclareol to ambradiol conversion could be identified. This study presents new findings about the transformative capabilities of H. roseoniger as a whole cell biocatalyst, highlighting its potential utility in similar applications.
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15

Madding, Lara S., Joshua K. Michel, Keith R. Shockley, Shannon B. Conners, Kevin L. Epting, Matthew R. Johnson, and Robert M. Kelly. "Role of the β1 Subunit in the Function and Stability of the 20S Proteasome in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01382-06.

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ABSTRACT The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus genome encodes three proteasome component proteins: one α protein (PF1571) and two β proteins (β1-PF1404 and β2-PF0159), as well as an ATPase (PF0115), referred to as proteasome-activating nucleotidase. Transcriptional analysis of the P. furiosus dynamic heat shock response (shift from 90 to 105°C) showed that the β1 gene was up-regulated over twofold within 5 minutes, suggesting a specific role during thermal stress. Consistent with transcriptional data, two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that incorporation of the β1 protein relative to β2 into the 20S proteasome (core particle [CP]) increased with increasing temperature for both native and recombinant versions. For the recombinant enzyme, the β2/β1 ratio varied linearly with temperature from 3.8, when assembled at 80°C, to 0.9 at 105°C. The recombinant α+β1+β2 CP assembled at 105°C was more thermostable than either the α+β1+β2 version assembled at 90°C or the α+β2 version assembled at either 90°C or 105°C, based on melting temperature and the biocatalytic inactivation rate at 115°C. The recombinant CP assembled at 105°C was also found to have different catalytic rates and specificity for peptide hydrolysis, compared to the 90°C assembly (measured at 95°C). Combination of the α and β1 proteins neither yielded a large proteasome complex nor demonstrated any significant activity. These results indicate that the β1 subunit in the P. furiosus 20S proteasome plays a thermostabilizing role and influences biocatalytic properties, suggesting that β subunit composition is a factor in archaeal proteasome function during thermal stress, when polypeptide turnover is essential to cell survival.
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16

He, Tao, Qing-Qing Zeng, Da-Cheng Yang, Yan-Hong He, and Zhi Guan. "ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of 3,3′-Disubstituted Oxindoles and Spirooxindole Pyrans Using α-Amylase from Hog Pancreas." ChemInform 46, no. 36 (August 20, 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201536142.

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17

Zhan, Peng, Jingjing Sun, Fang Wang, Lin Zhang, and Jienan Chen. "Process optimization of β-glucosidase production by a mutant strain, Aspergillus niger C112." BioResources 12, no. 4 (October 11, 2017): 8937–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.8937-8952.

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Enzymatic saccharification is a key step in the green conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and other products. A key deficiency in common biocatalytic systems, such as Trichoderma reesei, is the insufficient presence of β-glucosidase (BGL). This study intended to develop an efficient process of BGL production as an enhancement to the T. reesei system. The authors investigated the process optimization of BGL by the mutant strain Aspergillus niger C112, which was previously developed in the authors’ laboratory. The culture medium and process (carbon, nitrogen, temperature, and pH) were optimized for cost-effective BGL production, which led to a maximum BGL activity of 8.91 ± 0.35 U/mL. In addition, the dynamics of the physio-chemical parameters (zeta potential and dissolved organic matter) of the process were studied and showed good correlations to the yield of BGL. Furthermore, a three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy was successfully applied for analyzing the component, origin, and dynamics of dissolved organic matter, which contributed to a further understanding and optimization of BGL production.
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18

Vasilenko, Violetta, Irina Arkadeva, Vera Bogdanovskaya, George Sudarev, Sergei Kalenov, Marco Vocciante, and Eleonora Koltsova. "Glucose-Oxygen Biofuel Cell with Biotic and Abiotic Catalysts: Experimental Research and Mathematical Modeling." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 5630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215630.

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The demand for alternative sources of clean, sustainable, and renewable energy has been a focus of research around the world for the past few decades. Microbial/enzymatic biofuel cells are one of the popular technologies for generating electricity from organic substrates. Currently, one of the promising fuel options is based on glucose due to its multiple advantages: high energy intensity, environmental friendliness, low cost, etc. The effectiveness of biofuel cells is largely determined by the activity of biocatalytic systems applied to accelerate electrode reactions. For this work with aerobic granular sludge as a basis, a nitrogen-fixing community of microorganisms has been selected. The microorganisms were immobilized on a carbon material (graphite foam, carbon nanotubes). The bioanode was developed from a selected biological material. A membraneless biofuel cell glucose/oxygen, with abiotic metal catalysts and biocatalysts based on a microorganism community and enzymes, has been developed. Using methods of laboratory electrochemical studies and mathematical modeling, the physicochemical phenomena and processes occurring in the cell has been studied. The mathematical model includes equations for the kinetics of electrochemical reactions and the growth of microbiological population, the material balance of the components, and charge balance. The results of calculations of the distribution of component concentrations over the thickness of the active layer and over time are presented. The data obtained from the model calculations correspond to the experimental ones. Optimization for fuel concentration has been carried out.
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19

Xi, Wang, Fang Kong, Joo Chuan Yeo, Longteng Yu, Surabhi Sonam, Ming Dao, Xiaobo Gong, and Chwee Teck Lim. "Soft tubular microfluidics for 2D and 3D applications." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 40 (September 18, 2017): 10590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712195114.

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Microfluidics has been the key component for many applications, including biomedical devices, chemical processors, microactuators, and even wearable devices. This technology relies on soft lithography fabrication which requires cleanroom facilities. Although popular, this method is expensive and labor-intensive. Furthermore, current conventional microfluidic chips precludes reconfiguration, making reiterations in design very time-consuming and costly. To address these intrinsic drawbacks of microfabrication, we present an alternative solution for the rapid prototyping of microfluidic elements such as microtubes, valves, and pumps. In addition, we demonstrate how microtubes with channels of various lengths and cross-sections can be attached modularly into 2D and 3D microfluidic systems for functional applications. We introduce a facile method of fabricating elastomeric microtubes as the basic building blocks for microfluidic devices. These microtubes are transparent, biocompatible, highly deformable, and customizable to various sizes and cross-sectional geometries. By configuring the microtubes into deterministic geometry, we enable rapid, low-cost formation of microfluidic assemblies without compromising their precision and functionality. We demonstrate configurable 2D and 3D microfluidic systems for applications in different domains. These include microparticle sorting, microdroplet generation, biocatalytic micromotor, triboelectric sensor, and even wearable sensing. Our approach, termed soft tubular microfluidics, provides a simple, cheaper, and faster solution for users lacking proficiency and access to cleanroom facilities to design and rapidly construct microfluidic devices for their various applications and needs.
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20

Angajala, Gangadhara, Valmiki Aruna, Pasupala Pavan, and Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy. "Biocatalytic one pot three component approach: Facile synthesis, characterization, molecular modelling and hypoglycemic studies of new thiazolidinedione festooned quinoline analogues catalyzed by alkaline protease from Aspergillus niger." Bioorganic Chemistry 119 (February 2022): 105533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105533.

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21

Korotkova, O. G., E. A. Rubtsova, I. A. Shashkov, A. A. Volchok, E. G. Kondratieva, О. А. Sinitsyna, A. M. Rozhkova, et al. "Comparison Analysis of the Composition and Properties of Fodder Enzyme Preparations." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 18, no. 4 (July 23, 2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2018-4-72-78.

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The composition and properties of a wide range of domestic and foreign enzyme preparations (EP), used as additives to feeds of farm animals and poultry, are analyzed. The content of the main active enzymes – endoglucanases (beta-glucanases), cellobiohydrolases and xylanases, leading to biocatalytic destruction of non-starch polysaccharides, which are anti-nutritional factors of feeds and causing their incomplete digestion, is determined. It is shown that, based on the data on the component composition and the level of different types of activity, the studied enzyme preparations can be divided into three groups: a) with high xylanase and low cellulase (endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase) content, b) high cellulase and low xylanase content, c) containing cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and xylanases in a different ratio, but without significant predominant of any of these enzymes. The ability of EP to reduce the viscosity of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides – xylans and beta-glucans- has been studied. Among the enzyme preparations that have xylanase in their composition and belong to groups b) and c), a number of preparations have been determined which, at the same dosage according to xylanase activity, most effectively reduced the viscosity of the aqueous extract of rye containing xylans (Econase XT 25, Agroxyl Plus, Agroxyl Premium, Rovabio Max AP, Sunzyme). It was shown that the xylanase of precisely these EP is not inhibited by protein inhibitors of rye. At the same dosage for beta-glucanase activity, the viscosity of water-soluble beta-glucans of barley was most effectively reduced by the EP Xybeten CELL, Cellulase, Agroxyl, Agrocell, Axtra XB 201, Rovabio Max AP and Vilzyme. For all studied EP, no inhibitory effect of the barley extract on beta-glucanase activity was found.
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22

Шиманская, Елена Игоревна, Ольга Валентиновна Гребенникова, and Анастасия Евгеньевна Филатова. "BIOCATALYTIC PRETREATMENT OF LIGNIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия, no. 4(46) (December 27, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtchem2021.4.3.

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Биокаталитическая деструкция лигнина с применением пероксидазы хрена является экономически выгодным процессом, проходящим при комнатной температуре, при этом позволяющим разбить сложную структуру лигнина на составляющие, которые легче подвергаются процессу гидрогенолиза. Соответственно, процесс гидрогенолиза после биокаталитической предобработки потребует меньших временных и энергетических затрат. В статье приведены экспериментальные данные по предобработке лигнина биокаталитическим методом с целью облегчения проведения дальнейшего процесса гидрогенолиза. Catalytic destruction of lignin using horseradish peroxidase is an economically advantageous process that takes place at room temperature, while allowing the complex structure of lignin to be broken down into components that are more easily subjected to the process of hydrogenolysis. Accordingly, the process of hydrogenolysis after biocatalytic pretreatment will require less time and energy costs. The article presents experimental data on the pretreatment of lignin by the biocatalytic method in order to facilitate the further hydrogenolysis process.
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Patel, Mitul P., Nathaneal T. Green, Jacob K. Burch, Kimberly A. Kew, and Robert M. Hughes. "Screening of Biocatalysts for Synthesis of the Wieland–Miescher Ketone." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091063.

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Lipases, a versatile class of biocatalysts, have been shown to function in non-aqueous media/organic solvents and to possess “promiscuous” catalytic activity for a wide range of organic transformations. In this study, we explored the biocatalytic properties of a library of commercially available lipases by screening them for catalysis of a one-pot synthesis of Wieland–Miescher ketone, an important intermediate in the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as steroids and terpenoids, from methyl vinyl ketone and 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione. As a direct outgrowth of this screen, we created an optimized procedure for Wieland–Miescher ketone (WMK) synthesis using crude lipase preparations, characterizing both reaction yield and enantiomeric excess. We also identified principal components of the crude lipase mixture through proteomics and present evidence for a non-lipolytic origin of the observed catalysis. Finally, using the optimized conditions developed in this study, we propose a general absorbance-based screening methodology for assessing biocatalytic potential of crude enzyme preparations for synthesis of WMK.
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Chowdhury, Avisha, Debarati Mitra, and Dipa Biswas. "Synthesis of biolubricant components from waste cooking oil using a biocatalytic route." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 33, no. 3 (October 3, 2013): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.11866.

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25

Vitol, I. S., E. P. Meleshkina, and G. N. Pankratov. "Bran from composite grain mixture as an object of deep processing. Part 1. Protein-proteinase complex." Food systems 5, no. 4 (January 8, 2023): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2022-5-4-282-288.

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Deep processing of grain bran is an important, promising direction that allows the use of by-products (secondary products) of flour milling in order to obtain valuable food components for the creation of enriched food products, as well as specialized grain-based products. Polycomponent bran, obtained during the joint processing of cereals (wheat), legumes (lentils) and oilseeds (flax), in terms of its chemical composition and the state of the proteinproteinase complex, is a unique raw material that can be used for further processing. In particular, it is suitable for the use in producing hydrolysates and other structurally modified products using enzymatic biocatalytic methods. An assessment of the chemical composition and biochemical characteristics of new types of bran showed a high protein content, in which the proportion of the albumin-globulin fraction predominated (78.5-86%), while a significant part of the protein (7.6-10%) was strongly bonded to other biopolymers. The bran proteolytic enzymes acting in the neutral (pH 6.8) and acidic (pH 3.8) pH zones were isolated and studied. It was shown that lentil-flax bran was characterized by the highest proteolytic activity, while the activity of neutral proteinases exceeded the activity of acid proteinases in all three variants: 1.32, 1.37 and 1.56 times, respectively. It was established that protein inhibitors of trypsin and their own proteinases were present in all studied bran types. They inhibited the activity of acid proteinases to a greater extent than neutral ones (% inhibition): 37.5 versus 28.2 (option 1); 32.3 versus 24.5 (option 2); 48.6 versus 32.4 (option 3). The molecular weight, according to gel chromatography, was as follows: neutral proteinases 250,000 200,000 Da, acid proteinases 100,000 75,000 Da. Protein inhibitors isolated from multicomponent bran had a molecular weight of 25,000-20,000 Da. The data obtained will be used in experimental studies on targeted biocatalysis in order to obtain products of a given composition and properties.
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Maslova, Olga, Olga Senko, Argam Akopyan, Sergey Lysenko, Alexander Anisimov, and Elena Efremenko. "Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091131.

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In this paper, the current advantages and disadvantages of using metal-containing nanocatalysts (NCs) for deep chemical oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid fuels are reviewed. A similar analysis is performed for the oxidative biodesulfurization of oil along the 4S-pathway, catalyzed by various aerobic bacterial cells of microorganisms. The preferences of using NCs for the oxidation of organic sulfur-containing compounds in various oil fractions seem obvious. The text discusses the development of new chemical and biocatalytic approaches to ODS, including the use of both heterogeneous NCs and anaerobic microbial biocatalysts that catalyze the reduction of chemically oxidized sulfur-containing compounds in the framework of methanogenesis. The addition of anaerobic biocatalytic stages to the ODS of liquid fuel based on NCs leads to the emergence of hybrid technologies that improve both the environmental characteristics and the economic efficiency of the overall process. The bioconversion of sulfur-containing extracts from fuels with accompanying hydrocarbon residues into biogas containing valuable components for the implementation of C-1 green chemistry processes, such as CH4, CO2, or H2, looks attractive for the implementation of such a hybrid process.
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Mayer, Sandra F., Harald Mang, Andreas Steinreiber, Robert Saf, and Kurt Faber. "Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-exo-brevicomin based on enantioconvergent biocatalytic hydrolysis of an alkene-functionalized 2,3-disubstituted epoxide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-037.

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A short total asymmetric synthesis of (+)-exo- and (–)-endo-brevicomin ((+)-exo-3 and (–)-endo-3), which are components of the attracting pheromone system of several bark-beetle species belonging to the genera Dendroctonus and Dryocoetes, was accomplished via a chemoenzymatic protocol. The key step consisted of biocatalytic hydrolysis by bacterial epoxide hydrolases of cis-configured 2,3-disubstituted oxiranes bearing olefinic side chains. This reaction proceeded in an enantioconvergent fashion, by affording a single enantiomeric vic-diol from the rac-epoxide in up to 92% ee and 83% isolated yield.Key words: bacterial epoxide hydrolase, 2,3-disubstituted oxirane, enantioconvergent hydrolysis, (+)-exo-brevicomin, (–)-endo-brevicomin.
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Abul-Haija, Yousef M., Sangita Roy, Pim W. J. M. Frederix, Nadeem Javid, Vineetha Jayawarna, and Rein V. Ulijn. "Biocatalysis: Biocatalytically Triggered Co-Assembly of Two-Component Core/Shell Nanofibers (Small 5/2014)." Small 10, no. 5 (March 2014): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201470032.

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Fleming, Barry D., Jie Zhang, Alan M. Bond, Stephen G. Bell, and Luet-Lok Wong. "Separation of Electron-Transfer and Coupled Chemical Reaction Components of Biocatalytic Processes Using Fourier Transform ac Voltammetry." Analytical Chemistry 77, no. 11 (June 2005): 3502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac048151y.

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Park, Yeo, Hee Yoo, Min Song, Dong-Heon Lee, and Seung Lee. "Biocatalytic Oxidations of Substrates through Soluble Methane Monooxygenase from Methylosinus sporium 5." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120582.

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Methane, an important greenhouse gas, has a 20-fold higher heat capacity than carbon dioxide. Earlier, through advanced spectroscopy and structural studies, the mechanisms underlying the extremely stable C–H activation of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) have been elucidated in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. Here, sMMO components—including hydroxylase (MMOH), regulatory (MMOB), and reductase (MMOR)—were expressed and purified from a type II methanotroph, Methylosinus sporium strain 5 (M. sporium 5), to characterize its hydroxylation mechanism. Two molar equivalents of MMOB are necessary to achieve catalytic activities and oxidized a broad range of substrates including alkanes, alkenes, halogens, and aromatics. Optimal activities were observed at pH 7.5 for most substrates possibly because of the electron transfer environment in MMOR. Substitution of MMOB or MMOR from another type II methanotroph, Methylocystis species M, retained specific enzyme activities, demonstrating the successful cross-reactivity of M. sporium 5. These results will provide fundamental information for further enzymatic studies to elucidate sMMO mechanisms.
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Yu, Hui-Lei, Jian-He Xu, Yu-Xiao Wang, Wen-Ya Lu, and Guo-Qiang Lin. "Neural pharmacological activity was detected among components of glycoconjugates array prepared by combinatorial biocatalysis." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S430—S431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.997.

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Karnišová Potocká, Elena, Mária Mastihubová, and Vladimír Mastihuba. "Apiose-Relevant Glycosidases." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101251.

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Apiose is a branched pentose naturally occurring either as a component of the plant cell wall polysaccharides or as a sugar moiety present in numerous plant secondary metabolites such as flavonoid and phenylethanoid glycosides, substrates in plant defense systems or as glycosylated aroma precursors. The enzymes catalyzing hydrolysis of such apiosylated substances (mainly glycosidases specific towards apiose or acuminose) have promising applications not only in hydrolysis (flavor development), but potentially also in the synthesis of apiosides and apioglucosides with pharmaceutical relevance. This review summarizes the actual knowledge of glycosidases recognizing apiose and their potential application in biocatalysis.
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Nicotra, Francesco, and Mary Garson. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 8 (January 1, 2008): vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20088008vi.

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In August 2007, IUPAC‚ Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division launched a combined Biomolecular-Biotechnology Symposium as a major component of the 41st IUPAC Congress in Turin, Italy. This four-day CHEM-BIO-TECH 2007 Symposium comprised IUPAC‚ 1st Symposium on Biotechnology held jointly with IUPAC‚ 8th Symposium on Bioorganic Chemistry, ISBOC-8.In designing the program, the goal was to focus on work at the interface of biotechnology and biomolecular chemistry from which many key industrial and academic advances have sprung. The program embraced topics ranging from novel drug discovery, biosynthesis, biocatalysis, and organic synthesis through artificial biomolecules and other emerging biotechnological applications. Attention was also devoted to industrial experience in drug research and in biotechnological productions.The special topics discussed during the symposium included:- natural products synthesis, biosynthesis, and isolation- industrial application of bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology- bioorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, biosynthesis, and biocatalysis- analytical methods applied to molecular recognitionThis issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 11 papers based upon the invited lectures delivered at CHEM-BIO-TECH 2007. It offers readers an enduring record of the representative scientific contributions announced during the symposium, in an area of interface between chemistry and biology of great interest and relevant potential applications.Francesco Nicotra and Mary GarsonConference Chair and Co-chair
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Guo, Ziyi, Jian Liu, Da-Wei Wang, Jiangtao Xu, and Kang Liang. "Biofriendly micro/nanomotors operating on biocatalysis: from natural to biological environments." Biophysics Reports 6, no. 5 (October 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41048-020-00119-6.

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Abstract Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are tiny motorized objects that can autonomously navigate in complex fluidic environments under the influence of an appropriate source of energy. Internal energy-driven MNMs are composed of certain reactive materials that are capable of converting chemical energy from the surroundings into kinetic energy. Recent advances in smart nanomaterials design and processing have endowed the internal energy-driven MNMs with different geometrical designs and various mechanisms of locomotion, with remarkable traveling speed in diverse environments ranging from environmental water to complex body fluids. Among the different design principals, MNM systems that operate from biocatalysis possess biofriendly components, efficient energy conversion, and mild working condition, exhibiting a potential of stepping out of the proof-of-concept phase for addressing many real-life environmental and biotechnological challenges. The biofriendliness of MNMs should not only be considered for in vivo drug delivery but also for environmental remediation and chemical sensing that only environmentally friendly intermediates and degraded products are generated. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in biofriendly MNM design using biocatalysis as the predominant driving force, towards practical applications in biotechnology and environmental technology.
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Шиманская, Елена Игоревна, Ольга Валентиновна Гребенникова, and Анастасия Евгеньевна Филатова. "CATALYTIC HYDROGENOLYSIS OF LIGNIN PEROXIDASE OXIDATION PRODUCTS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия, no. 4(46) (December 27, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtchem2021.4.4.

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Продукты переработки лигнина могут быть использованы в качестве компонентов биотоплив. Однако переработка лигнина является энергозатратным процессом с низким выходом химически ценных продуктов. Предобработка лигнина биокаталитическим способом позволяет в мягких условиях разбить полимер на более короткие отрезки, которые проще подвергаются в дальнейшем процессу гидрогенолиза, таким образом, понижая энергозатратность процесса получения мономерных фрагментов. В статье приведены экспериментальные данные по каталитическому гидрогенолизу лигнина, предварительно обработанного пероксидом водорода в присутствии перокcидазы хрена. The products of lignin processing can be used as components of biofuels. However, lignin processing is an energy-consuming process with a low yield of chemically valuable products. The pretreatment of lignin by the biocatalytic method allows, under mild conditions, to break the polymer into shorter segments, which are easier to undergo further hydrogenolysis, thus reducing the energy consumption of the process of obtaining monomer fragments. The article presents experimental data on the catalytic hydrogenolysis of products of lignin peroxidase oxidation.
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Liu, Wancang, Haibo Xiang, Tao Zhang, Xu Pang, Jing Su, Hongyu Liu, Baiping Ma, and Liyan Yu. "Screening and Selection of a New Medium for Diosgenin Production via Microbial Biocatalysis of Fusarium sp." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14050390.

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Steroidal saponins are widely used as starting precursors and medical intermediates for the semi-/total-synthesis of hundreds of steroidal drugs. One such steroidal saponin is diosgenin, which has attracted significant attention due to the huge market demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to water waste and severe environmental pollution, the traditional diosgenin production process based on direct acid hydrolysis is no longer used. In this study, to develop a submerged fermentation (SmF) medium for clean diosgenin production via efficient microbial biocatalysis, the Box–Behnken design (BBD) in combination with the Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was used to determine the medium compositions for Fusarium strains. Three components (wheat bran, phosphate, and Tween-80) were determined as significant factors by the PBD. Using the BBD, the three significant factors were further optimized, and the optimum values were determined for maximal diosgenin production. With 21.16 g/L of wheat bran, 9.60 g/L of phosphate, and 1.97 g/L of Tween-80, the diosgenin yield was 2.28%, i.e., 3.17 mg/L/h. The experimental values agreed with the predicted values, representing a significant increase in diosgenin production compared to its production using the basic SmF medium. For the first time, we reported the development of a new medium for Fusarium strains to produce diosgenin via microbial biocatalysis of the root of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW). A simple-composition, low-cost, and high-efficiency medium was developed for the first time for the SmF of Fusarium strains. The medium is considered useful for large-scale SmF and may be applicable to other fungi. This study lays a solid foundation for diosgenin production in an acid-free and wastewater-free way. It may also provide fundamental support for producing other value-added products via microbial biocatalysis of low-value materials by endophytic fungi.
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Ncube, Efficient N., Lucia Steenkamp, and Ian A. Dubery. "Ambrafuran (AmbroxTM) Synthesis from Natural Plant Product Precursors." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173851.

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Ambergris, an excretion product of sperm whales, has been a valued agent in the formulation of perfumes. The composition of ambergris consists of two major components: 40–46% cholestanol type steroids and approximately 25–45% of a triterpenoid known as ambrein. Ambergris undergoes oxidative decomposition in the environment to result in odorous compounds, such as ambraoxide, methylambraoxide, and ambracetal. Its oxidized form, ambrafuran (IUPAC name: 3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-benzo[e][1]benzofuran), is a terpene furan with a pleasant odor and unique olfactive and fixative properties. The current state of the fragrance industry uses ambrafuran materials entirely from synthetic or semisynthetic sources. However, natural compounds with the potential to be converted to ambergris-like odorants have been extracted from several different types of plants. Here we review plant terpenoids suitable as starting materials for the semisyntheses of ambrafuran or intermediates, such as ambradiol, that can be used in biocatalytic transformations to yield ambrafuran.
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Alissandratos, Apostolos, and Christopher J. Easton. "Biocatalysis for the application of CO2as a chemical feedstock." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (December 1, 2015): 2370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.259.

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Biocatalysts, capable of efficiently transforming CO2into other more reduced forms of carbon, offer sustainable alternatives to current oxidative technologies that rely on diminishing natural fossil-fuel deposits. Enzymes that catalyse CO2fixation steps in carbon assimilation pathways are promising catalysts for the sustainable transformation of this safe and renewable feedstock into central metabolites. These may be further converted into a wide range of fuels and commodity chemicals, through the multitude of known enzymatic reactions. The required reducing equivalents for the net carbon reductions may be drawn from solar energy, electricity or chemical oxidation, and delivered in vitro or through cellular mechanisms, while enzyme catalysis lowers the activation barriers of the CO2transformations to make them more energy efficient. The development of technologies that treat CO2-transforming enzymes and other cellular components as modules that may be assembled into synthetic reaction circuits will facilitate the use of CO2as a renewable chemical feedstock, greatly enabling a sustainable carbon bio-economy.
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Zhao, Man, Wenyi Wang, Lei Wei, Peng Chen, Li Peng, Zhen Qin, Fengjie Yuan, Zhao Wang, and Xiangxian Ying. "The Evolution and Biocatalysis of FAD2 Indicate Its Correlation to the Content of Seed Oil in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040849.

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Unsaturated fatty acids are the main components of vegetable oils. Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) catalyzes oleic acid (OA) into linoleic acid (LA) transformations, which are essential to the profile of FAs in seeds. To further understand the roles of FAD2s in the synthesis of oil, the evolution and biocatalysis of FAD2s were comprehensively analyzed. The evolution history of the FAD2 gene family showed that most of the FAD2 genes formed monophyletic clades except in eudicots. The FAD2 genes in some eudicots diverged into constitutive and seed-specific expression clades. Notably, the biocatalysis of seed-specific or -abundant expression FAD2s in soybean, perilla, rice, and spruce revealed that their catalytic activity was strongly correlated with the total oil content of their seeds in nature. Additionally, it was found that I and Y in site 143 of GmaFAD2-1 were strictly conserved in the seed-specific and constitutive expression clades of Fabaceae, respectively. Furthermore, the site-directed mutation demonstrated that I and Y are vital to improving and reducing the activity of GmaFAD2s. Therefore, the results indicate that the activity of FAD2s in seeds might be a reference to the total oil content of seeds, and site 143 might have been specifically evolved to be required for the activity of FAD2s in some expression-diverged eudicots, especially in legumes.
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Hu, Yumei, Jian Min, Yingying Qu, Xiao Zhang, Juankun Zhang, Xuejing Yu, and Longhai Dai. "Biocatalytic Synthesis of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-Glucoside with Uridine Diphosphate–Glucose Regeneration System." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020258.

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Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Cy7G) is one of the principal components of Radix astragali. This isoflavonoid glucoside is regarded as an indicator to assess the quality of R. astragali and exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. In this study, uridine diphosphate-dependent glucosyltransferase (UGT) UGT88E18 was isolated from Glycine max and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant UGT88E18 could selectively and effectively glucosylate the C7 hydroxyl group of calycosin to synthesize Cy7G. A one-pot reaction by coupling UGT88E18 to sucrose synthase (SuSy) from G. max was developed. The UGT88E18–SuSy cascade reaction could recycle the costly uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) from cheap sucrose and catalytic amounts of uridine diphosphate (UDP). The important factors for UGT88E18–SuSy cascade reaction, including UGT88E18/SuSy ratios, different temperatures, and pH values, different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), UDP, sucrose, and calycosin, were optimized. We produced 10.5 g L−1 Cy7G in the optimal reaction conditions by the stepwise addition of calycosin. The molar conversion of calycosin was 97.5%, with a space–time yield of 747 mg L−1 h−1 and a UDPG recycle of 78 times. The present study provides a new avenue for the efficient and cost-effective semisynthesis of Cy7G and other valuable isoflavonoid glucosides by UGT–SuSy cascade reaction.
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Sokolova, Elena Nikolaevna, Tat'yana Vladimirovna Yuraskina, Yuliya Aleksandrovna Borshcheva, Natal'ya Aleksandrovna Fursova, Anton Yur'yevich Sharikov, and Elena Mikhailovna Serba. "INFLUENCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SORBUS AUCUPARIA." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021037439.

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Currently, the diet of almost all population groups in Russia is characterized by a deficiency of vitamins, essential amino acids, macro- and micronutrients, as well as biologically active substances (flavonoids, carotenoids, etc.). Replenishment of the lack of these components in the diet of the population due to natural sources of plant origin is an important and actual task of national health care. The rational use of natural components of plant materials containing a wide range of natural biologically active substances using biocatalytic methods, as well as the selection of optimal conditions for obtaining commodity forms of ingredients, will allow to create preventive products that have a beneficial effect on the human body. Theoretical research in the field of promising sources of food and biologically active ingredients among wild species of plant materials were carried out. Biomedical properties of Sorbus aucuparia were described. The technological characteristics of the biologically active substances extraction from dried plant raw materials was investigated. Thus, it was revealed that the degree of dried berries grinding about 0.2–0.8 mm, the hydromodule 1 : 10 and the extraction duration 240 minutes are most effective for the extractive substances yield. The enzymatic complex, allowing the maximum to release biologically valuable components to extract was selected. The amino acid composition of rowanberry with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. Produced fermentalizates contain complex of biologically active compounds, including amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic substances, that makes these ingredients promising for creation of various foodstuffs to improve quality, nutritional and biological value, taste and other consumer properties.
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Diaz, Dennis, Andrew Care, and Anwar Sunna. "Bioengineering Strategies for Protein-Based Nanoparticles." Genes 9, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9070370.

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In recent years, the practical application of protein-based nanoparticles (PNPs) has expanded rapidly into areas like drug delivery, vaccine development, and biocatalysis. PNPs possess unique features that make them attractive as potential platforms for a variety of nanobiotechnological applications. They self-assemble from multiple protein subunits into hollow monodisperse structures; they are highly stable, biocompatible, and biodegradable; and their external components and encapsulation properties can be readily manipulated by chemical or genetic strategies. Moreover, their complex and perfect symmetry have motivated researchers to mimic their properties in order to create de novo protein assemblies. This review focuses on recent advances in the bioengineering and bioconjugation of PNPs and the implementation of synthetic biology concepts to exploit and enhance PNP’s intrinsic properties and to impart them with novel functionalities.
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Reznichenko, Kristina, and Galina Aleynikova. "Effect of enzyme preparations used for oak wood biocatalysis on the set of highly volatile components of aged brandy distillates." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128505002.

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The individual peculiarities of aged alcohol beverages are formed at the cost of technological factors, which is why it is so important to develop approaches aimed at improvement of the product quality and reduction of production costs. This can be achieved by more efficient and rational use of the natural potential of oak wood with the help of activation techniques based on biocatalysis. As far as the process of biochemical activation of oak wood used for brandy production has been understudied, investigations of the effect of enzyme preparations used for enzymatic catalysis of oak wood upon the quality of brandy distillates is of high interest at this time. We have studied the effects of the place of origin of oak wood, enzyme preparations, and treatment time upon the composition and accumulation dynamics of highly volatile components in brandy distillates. Every oak stave sample was separately treated by complex enzyme preparations with subsequent thermal exposure. Then the treated oak staves were poured up with young brandy distillate and stored for six months in tightly closed containers. As a result, data proving the effect of the place of origin of oak wood, enzyme preparations, and treatment time upon the qualitative and quantitative composition of highly volatile components of aged distillates were obtained.
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Létisse, Fabien, Sylvain Lamare, Marie-Dominique Legoy, and Marianne Graber. "Solid/gas biocatalysis: an appropriate tool to study the influence of organic components on kinetics of lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1652, no. 1 (November 2003): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00262-0.

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Резниченко, К. В., И. В. Оселедцева, Г. Ю. Алейникова, and Е. В. Глоба. "Determining the process parameters of biocatalytic activation of oak wood for aging brandy distillates." Magarach Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, no. 2(116) (June 25, 2021): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2021.23.2.015.

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Представлены результаты исследований по определению параметров проведения процесса биокаталитической активации древесины дуба для выдержки коньячных дистиллятов. В настоящее время эти параметры не определены, поэтому их обоснование и выбор является актуальным направлением и целью исследований. Были изучены 12 вариантов обработки дубовой древесины, предусматривающие различную дозировку биокатализатора (ферментного препарата) и длительность его воздействия. По истечении 6-месячной выдержки все полученные образцы коньячных дистиллятов были подвергнуты химическому и органолептическому анализу. Наиболее высокий дегустационный балл получили дистилляты, выдержанные в контакте с образцами клепки № 3, 6 и 10 - по 8,4 балла. При этом время контакта с комплексным ферментным препаратом (КФП) составляло 3-4 суток, а его концентрация 0,75-1,0 г. Увеличение концентрации КФП или продолжительности процесса обработки признано нерациональным, так как, согласно результатам органолептической оценки, сверхсильная интенсификация процесса этанолиза не способствует улучшению качества. В образцах данной группы были отмечены во вкусе излишняя танинность и сладость, кроме того, они приобретали легкий буроватый оттенок. Определены параметры процесса биокаталитической активации древесины дуба для выдержки коньячных дистиллятов, способствующие активации гидролитических процессов, ускорению процессов экстракции и гидролитического расщепления компонентов древесины дуба. В результате этого в коньячном дистилляте накапливаются оптимальные концентрации дубильных веществ и фенольных альдегидов, играющих весомую роль в сложении типичных органолептических свойств коньяка. The article presents the results of research to determine the process parameters of biocatalytic activation of oak wood for aging brandy distillates. Since these parameters are not defined at the present time, their justification and selection is a hot topic and a goal of research. We have studied 12 variants of processing the oak wood, providing different dosage of biocatalyst (enzyme preparation) and the exposure duration. After 6 months of aging, all the obtained samples of brandy distillates were subjected to chemical and organoleptic analysis. The highest tasting evaluation (8.4 points) was given to distillates aged in contact with stave samples No. 3, 6 and 10. Meanwhile, the time of contact with a complex enzyme preparation (CEP) consisted of 3-4 days, and its concentration was 0.75-1.0 g. An increase in the concentration of CEP or the treatment process duration was recognized as not rational, since, according to the results of organoleptic evaluation, super-strong intensification of the ethanolysis process did not improve the quality. The excessive tannin content and sweetness was registered in flavor of samples of this group. Also they tinged a kind of light brown color. The process parameters of biocatalytic activation of oak wood for aging brandy distillates have been determined, contributing to the activation of hydrolytic processes, acceleration of extracting and hydrolytic splitting of oak wood components. As a result of this, the optimal concentration of tannins and phenolic aldehydes is accumulated in brandy distillates, playing a significant role in composition of typical organoleptic properties of brandy.
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Kamezawa, Makoto, Hojun Tachibana, Takehiko Ohtani, and Yoshinobu Naoshima. "Biocatalytic synthesis of (S)-2-tridecanyl acetate and (S)-2-pentadecanyl acetate, aggregation pheromone components ofDrosophila mulleri andD. busckii, by enantioselective hydrolysis with lipase." Journal of Chemical Ecology 20, no. 5 (May 1994): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02059742.

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D. Sivaselvi, N. Vijayakumar, R. Jayaprakash, V. Amalan, R. Rajeswari, and M. Reddi Nagesh. "BIOCATALYTIC EFFECT OF Simarouba glauca LEAF PHYTOCHEMICALS ON BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SILVER NANOPARTICLES YIELD AND ABTS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY: GREEN SYNTHESIS." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 02 (2022): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1526796.

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Green synthesis of gold, copper, and silver metal nanoparticles is currently growing research due to different medical applications. Necessary natural human health-protecting components can be derived using nanobiotechnology using plant extracts in biodiversity enriched countries. Silver nanoparticles have shown various biological applications such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. Hence, this work studied the yield and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles derived from various solvent extracts of Simarouba glauca leaflike methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The derived silver nanoparticles of various extracts were characterized by absorption and vibrational spectra. Out of the five extracts, high yield silver nanoparticles surface morphology was inspected by scanning electron microscope. Also, the prepared silver nanoparticle’s antioxidant activity was examined using the 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay protocol, and the results were compared for future work. From the results, this work observed that the silver nanoparticles of ethanol crude exposed 72% yield and 39% yield obtained from chloroform extract. The silver nanoparticles of methanol crude showed good antioxidant activity (IC50 = 16.59μg/ml) when compared to the other extract nanoparticles due to the phytochemicals concentration difference.
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48

Geiser, Elena, Michèle Reindl, Lars M. Blank, Michael Feldbrügge, Nick Wierckx, and Kerstin Schipper. "Activating Intrinsic Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes of the Smut Fungus Ustilago maydis for the Degradation of Plant Cell Wall Components." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 17 (June 17, 2016): 5174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00713-16.

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ABSTRACTThe microbial conversion of plant biomass to valuable products in a consolidated bioprocess could greatly increase the ecologic and economic impact of a biorefinery. Current strategies for hydrolyzing plant material mostly rely on the external application of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Alternatively, production organisms can be engineered to secrete CAZymes to reduce the reliance on externally added enzymes. Plant-pathogenic fungi have a vast repertoire of hydrolytic enzymes to sustain their lifestyle, but expression of the corresponding genes is usually highly regulated and restricted to the pathogenic phase. Here, we present a new strategy in using the biotrophic smut fungusUstilago maydisfor the degradation of plant cell wall components by activating its intrinsic enzyme potential during axenic growth. This fungal model organism is fully equipped with hydrolytic enzymes, and moreover, it naturally produces value-added substances, such as organic acids and biosurfactants. To achieve the deregulated expression of hydrolytic enzymes during the industrially relevant yeast-like growth in axenic culture, the native promoters of the respective genes were replaced by constitutively active synthetic promoters. This led to an enhanced conversion of xylan, cellobiose, and carboxymethyl cellulose to fermentable sugars. Moreover, a combination of strains with activated endoglucanase and β-glucanase increased the release of glucose from carboxymethyl cellulose and regenerated amorphous cellulose, suggesting that mixed cultivations could be a means for degrading more complex substrates in the future. In summary, this proof of principle demonstrates the potential applicability of activating the expression of native CAZymes from phytopathogens in a biocatalytic process.IMPORTANCEThis study describes basic experiments that aim at the degradation of plant cell wall components by the smut fungusUstilago maydis. As a plant pathogen, this fungus contains a set of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes that may be suited for biomass degradation. However, its hydrolytic enzymes are specifically expressed only during plant infection. Here, we provide the proof of principle that these intrinsic enzymes can be synthetically activated during the industrially relevant yeast-like growth. The fungus is known to naturally synthesize valuable compounds, such as itaconate or glycolipids. Therefore, it could be suited for use in a consolidated bioprocess in which more complex and natural substrates are simultaneously converted to fermentable sugars and to value-added compounds in the future.
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49

Rozhin, Petr, Jada Abdel Monem Gamal, Silvia Giordani, and Silvia Marchesan. "Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) and Enzymes: From Nanozymes to CNM-Enzyme Conjugates and Biodegradation." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031037.

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Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and enzymes differ significantly in terms of their physico-chemical properties—their handling and characterization require very different specialized skills. Therefore, their combination is not trivial. Numerous studies exist at the interface between these two components—especially in the area of sensing—but also involving biofuel cells, biocatalysis, and even biomedical applications including innovative therapeutic approaches and theranostics. Finally, enzymes that are capable of biodegrading CNMs have been identified, and they may play an important role in controlling the environmental fate of these structures after their use. CNMs’ widespread use has created more and more opportunities for their entry into the environment, and thus it becomes increasingly important to understand how to biodegrade them. In this concise review, we will cover the progress made in the last five years on this exciting topic, focusing on the applications, and concluding with future perspectives on research combining carbon nanomaterials and enzymes.
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Zhang, Sufeng, Yongshe Xu, Dongyan Zhao, Wenqiang Chen, Hao Li, and Chen Hou. "Preparation of Magnetic CuFe2O4@Ag@ZIF-8 Nanocomposites with Highly Catalytic Activity Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010124.

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A facile approach was successfully developed for synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)-supported magnetic CuFe2O4@Ag@ZIF-8 nanospheres which consist of a paramagnetic CuFe2O4@Ag core and porous ZIF-8 shell. The CuFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were first prepared in the presence of CNC and dispersant. Ag NPs were then deposited on the CuFe2O4/CNC composites via an in situ reduction directed by dopamine polymerization (PDA). The CuFe2O4/CNC@Ag@ZIF-8 nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, VSM, and XPS. Catalytic studies showed that the CuFe2O4/CNC@Ag@ZIF-8 catalyst had much higher catalytic activity than CuFe2O4@Ag catalyst with the rate constant of 0.64 min−1. Because of the integration of ZIF-8 with CuFe2O4/CNC@Ag that combines the advantaged of each component, the nanocomposites were demonstrated to have an enhanced catalytic activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Therefore, these results demonstrate a new method for the fabrication of CNC-supported magnetic core-shell catalysts, which display great potential for application in biocatalysis and environmental chemistry.
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