Academic literature on the topic 'Biobarriera'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biobarriera"
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Harris, J. Roger, Alex X. Niemiera, Robert D. Wright, and Charles H. Parkerson. "Chemically Controlling Root Escape in Pot-in-pot Production of River Birch and Yoshino Cherry." HortTechnology 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.1.30.
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Three experiments were conducted to determine the feasibility of using Biobarrier, a landscape fabric with trifluralin herbicide-impregnated nodules, of various sizes to prevent root escape of trees from the drainage holes of 56-liter containers in below-ground pot-in-pot (P&P) and above-ground Keeper Upper (KU) nursery production systems. In addition, side holes or slits were cut in some container walls to test the effect of Biobarrier on the prevention of circling roots. In Expt. 1 (P&P), Betula nigra L. `Heritage' (river birch) trees with no Biobarrier had root ratings for roots escaped through drainage holes that indicated a 5-fold increase in numbers of roots than for treatments containing Biobarrier. All Biobarrier treatments reduced root escape and resulted in commercially acceptable control. In Expt. 2 (KU), control and the Biobarrier treatment river birch trees (30 nodules) had commercially unacceptable root escape. In Expt. 3 (P&P), control and 10-nodule treatment Prunus × yedoensis Matsum. (Yoshino cherry) trees had commercially unacceptable root escape, but treatments containing 20 and 40 nodules resulted in commercially acceptable control. Biobarrier did not limit shoot growth in any of the experiments. The results of these experiments indicate that Biobarrier did not prevent circling roots, but sheets containing at least 8 or 20 nodules of trifluralin acceptably prevented root escape from drainage holes in the pot-in-pot production of 56-liter container river birch trees and Yoshino cherry trees, respectively.
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Fuhrmann, Gregor, Brigitta Loretz, Nicole Schneider-Daum, and Claus-Michael Lehr. "Biobarriers 2018." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 158 (January 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.014.
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Lennox, John, and Jeffrey Ashe. "Biofilms as Biobarriers." American Biology Teacher 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27669358.
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Gilman, Edward. "Root Barriers affect Root Distribution." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 22, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1996.022.
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No roots of live oak (Quercus virginiana) or sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) went through Biobarrier™ during a 3-year period after planting. Most roots on both species without a barrier were located in the top 30 cm (12 in) of soil, and root number decreased with increasing soil depth. Roots were located at deeper soil depths beyond the Biobarrier. The roots 15 cm (6 in) from the Biobarrier were mostly 30 to 45 cm (12 to 18 in) below the soil surface. Eighty percent of oak roots and 72% of sycamore roots greater than 3 mm in diameter 0.9 m (3 ft) from the trunk without a barrier were in the top 30 cm (12 in) of soil, whereas, only 42% (oak) and 38% (sycamore) of roots were in the top 30 cm (12 in) for trees with the root barrier. Biobarrier forced roots deeper in the soil but in the high water table soil in this study, many roots returned to the soil surface by the time they had grown 1.2 m (4 ft) away from the barrier.
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Ruter, John M. "354 REDUCING ROOTING-OUT PROBLEMS IN POT-IN-POT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 481d—481. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.481d.
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A study was conducted with Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei `Acom a' to evaluate methods for reducing rooting-out problems in a PIP production system. The products tested were Biobarrier™, a geotextile fabric impregnated with trifluralin; Root Control'” fabric bag material; and Spin Out™, a commercial formulation of copper hydroxide (7.1%) in latex paint. Biobarrier™ reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, percent root dry weight outside of the planted container and total biomass compared to the non-treated control. For the control, 7.1% of the total root dry weight was found between the holder pot and planted container compared to 0.2% for the Biobarrier™ treatment. When the holder pot and planted container or the planted container and Root Control™ fabric were both treated with Spin Out™, plant height and shoot dry weight were reduced. Spin Out™ reduced root circling on the sidewalls of the planted containers but not on the bottom of the containers. All treatments except the control reduced rooting-out to a degree that allowed for the manual harvesting of the planted container from the holder pot after seven months in the field.
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Jacobs, Karel, Bill Rao, Brian Jeffers, and Donna Danielson. "The Effect of Biobarrier® on Mycorrhizae in Oak and Sweetgum." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 26, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2000.011.
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The effect of Biobarrier® herbicide-impregnated barrier fabric (Reemay, Inc., P.O. Box 511, Old Hickory, TN 37138-3651) on mycorrhizae occurrence was assessed on established pin oak (Quercus palustris) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees. Trenches were dug through 24 tree root systems, and in 12 of the root systems, trenches were lined with Biobarrier. Seventeen months later roots were collected from within and adjacent to the trenches. Microscopic examination revealed that ectomycorrhizae occurred on roots of all 12 oak trees, regardless of the presence or absence of the barrier fabric. Similarly, roots from all sweetgum trees, except for 1 control tree (no barrier fabric), had vesicular endomycorrhizae.
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Ruter, John M. "Evaluation of Control Strategies for Reducing Rooting-Out Problems in Pot-In-Pot Production Systems." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-12.1.51.
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Abstract Research has shown that a problem in pot-in-pot (PIP) production systems has been the growth of roots out of the planted container, through holes in the holder pot and into the surrounding soil. A study was conducted with Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei ‘Acoma’ to evaluate methods for reducing rooting-out problems in a PIP production system. The products tested were Biobarrier™, a geotextile fabric impregnated with trifluralin; Root Control™ fabric bag material; and Spin Out™, a commercial formulation of copper hydroxide (7.1%) in latex paint. Biobarrier™ reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, percent root dry weight outside of the planted container and total biomass compared to the non-treated control. For the control, 7.1% of the total root dry weight was found between the holder pot and planted container compared to 0.2% for the Biobarrier™ treatment. When the holder pot and planted container or the planted container and Root Control™ fabric were both treated with Spin Out™, plant height and shoot dry weight were reduced. Spin Out™ reduced root circling on the sidewalls of the planted containers but not on the bottom of the containers. All treatments except the control reduced rooting-out to a degree which allowed for the manual harvesting of the planted container from the holder pot after seven months in the field.
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Careghini, A., S. Saponaro, and E. Sezenna. "Biobarriers for groundwater treatment: a review." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 3 (February 1, 2013): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.599.
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Biobarriers (BBs) are a new type of in situ technology for the remediation of contaminated groundwater. In recent years, this remediation technique has been more and more used in place of traditional Pump & Treat systems or other in situ technologies both in the USA and Europe. This work reviews the main experiences of BBs. The literature contains reports about tests and application at different scales (laboratory, pilot and full scale), which have been analyzed according to the aim of the study, the operative conditions adopted, the filling material, the inoculation procedure, the electron acceptor and the nutrient delivery systems. Operative conditions were extremely varied. Lab scale experiments pointed out good results in terms of pollutant removal efficiency. Pilot scale tests and full-scale applications confirmed the results obtained at lab scale, but also pointed out the importance of design for a proficient remediation system. The experiences underlined some possible critical issues: (a) the filling material must ensure proper hydraulic properties, but it also must be capable of keeping biomass in the reactive zone; (b) inoculation is a critical step and measurements should be carried out to check the initial distribution of microorganisms and its evolution over time; (c) electron acceptor and nutrient supply is usually required, but oxygenation into anaerobic aquifers can be critical.
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Wilson, R. D., W. C. Yip, and C. N. Naas. "Assessing performance of a permeable biobarrier." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 161, no. 6 (December 2008): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.2008.161.6.375.
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Tiehm, A., A. Müller, S. Alt, H. Jacob, H. Schad, and C. Weingran. "Development of a groundwater biobarrier for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX, and heterocyclic hydrocarbons." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 7 (October 1, 2008): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.730.
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A full scale funnel-and-gate biobarrier has been developed for the removal of tar oil pollutants at an abandoned tar factory site near the city of Offenbach, Germany. Laboratory and on-site column studies were done to determine the operation parameters for microbiological clean-up of the groundwater polluted with 12,000 μg/L mono- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and the xylenes, 4,800 μg/L polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene and acenaphthene, and 4,700 μg/L heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzofuran and benzothiophene. In the laboratory study, a residence time of approx. 70 h proved to be sufficient for aerobic pollutant biodegradation. Up to 180 mg/L H2O2 were added and did not lead to any toxic effects to the degrading bacteria. The feasibility of the concept was confirmed in an on-site pilot study performed with a sedimentation tank (removal of ferric iron) and two bioreactors. In the bioreactors, >99.3% of the pollutants were degraded. Biodegradation activity corresponded to a significant increase in numbers of pollutant degrading bacteria. In the bioreactors, a fast dissociation of H2O2 was observed resulting in losses of oxygen and temporary gas clogging. Therefore, a repeated addition of moderate concentrations of H2O2 proved to be more favourable than the addition of high concentrations at a single dosing port. The full scale biobarrier consists of three separated bioreactors thus enabling extended control and access to the reactors. The operation of the funnel-and-gate biobarrier started in April 2007, and represents the first biological permeable reactive barrier with extended control (EC-PRB) in Germany.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biobarriera"
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DAGHIO, MATTEO. "Degradazione degli idrocarburi con accettori solidi di elettroni. Caratterizzazione delle comunità microbiche e potenziali applicazioni." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/72473.
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Gli idrocarburi petroliferi sono contaminanti molto diffusi. Per la bonifica di siti contaminati da idrocarburi possono essere usate sia tecniche chimico-fisiche, sia tecniche biologiche. Le tecniche biologiche hanno due vantaggi: consentono la completa rimozione del contaminante, invece che il trasferimento in un’altra fase, e sono più economiche. La biodegradazione è più rapida in condizioni aerobiche, ma l’aggiunta di ossigeno può essere costosa e tecnicamente difficile. Recentemente è stata proposta la possibilità di usare sistemi bioelettrochimici (BESs) come un approccio alternativo per la bonifica dei siti contaminati da idrocarburi. L’obiettivo di questa tesi di dottorato è di incrementare le conoscenze necessarie all’applicazione dei BESs per la biodegradazione degli idrocarburi. Le biobarriere (BBs) sono una nuova tecnologia per il trattamento delle falde contaminate. Le comunità microbiche di due BBs per il trattamento a scala di laboratorio di acque di falda contaminate da benzina sono state caratterizzate tramite metodi molecolari. Sono stati allestiti due esperimenti, con e senza inoculo microbico selezionato ma non si sono osservate differenze in termini di rimozione. Le comunità microbiche nella prova senza inoculo selezionato erano dominate dal genere Thauera, indicando la presenza di microambienti con bassa concentrazione di ossigeno. I risultati hanno mostrato the l’inoculo microbico è stato in grado di persistere solo parzialmente sulla pomice e che la bioaugmentation non ha portato ad un aumento delle capacità degradative. Inoltre il controllo della quantità di ossigeno è emerso come un parametro chiave per il successo del trattamento. L’uso di BESs potrebbe essere una valida alternativa per la stimolazione della degradazione anaerobica in BBs. Questa possibilità è stata studiata a livello preliminare usando per stimolare la degradazione di una miscela di BTEX e MTBE. Gli esperimenti hanno permesso di osservare la produzione di corrente elettrica associata alla degradazione degli idrocarburi. Durante il lavoro di tesi è stata inoltre valutata la possibilità di stimolare la rimozione degli idrocarburi in ambiente marino tramite metodi bioelettrochimici. Il toluene è stato usato come idrocarburo modello testando diversi potenziali anodici (0 mV e +300 mV vs Ag/AgCl) e le comunità microbiche sono state caratterizzate tramite sequenziamento del gene 16S rRNA. La degradazione del toluene è stata accoppiata alla produzione di corrente elettrica. Tuttavia, i picchi di corrente sono diminuiti nel tempo. Il monitoraggio delle concentrazioni di solfati/solfuri ha suggerito che il ciclo dello zolfo potrebbe giocare un ruolo importante nella degradazione bioelettrochimica del toluene, portando alla passivazione dell’anodo. Le comunità microbiche sono risultate essere dominate da solfato riduttori, in particolare la famiglia delle Desulfobulbaceae potrebbe essere legata sia alla produzione di corrente sia alla degradazione del toluene.
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MORICI, Claudia. "Tecniche di biorisanamento delle acque di falda contaminate da nitrati." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91254.
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Somayajula, Sreerama Murthy Kasi. "In Situ Groundwater Remediation using Enricher Reactor-Permeable Reactive Biobarrier." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26648.
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Permeable reactive biobarrier (PRBB) is a flow-through zone where microorganisms degrade contaminants in groundwater. Discontinuous presence of contaminants in groundwater causes performance loss of a PRBB in removing the target contaminant. A novel enricher reactor (ER) - PRBB system was developed to treat groundwater with contaminants that reappear after an absence period. ER is an offline reactor for enriching contaminant degraders, which were used for augmenting PRBB to maintain its performance after a period of contaminant absence. The ER-PRBB concept was initially applied to remove benzene that reappeared after absence periods of 10 and 25 days. PRBBs without ER augmentation experienced performance losses of up to 15% higher than ER-PRBBs. The role of inducer compounds in the ER to enrich bacteria that can degrade a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) was investigated with an objective to minimize the use of toxic chemicals as inducers. Three inducer types were studied: individual BTEX compounds, BTEX mixture, and benzoate (a non toxic and a common intermediate for BTEX biodegradation). Complete BTEX removal was observed for degraders enriched on all three inducer types; however, the removal rates were dependent on the inducer type. Degraders enriched on toluene and BTEX had the highest degradation rates for BTEX of 0.006 to 0.014 day-1 and 0.006 to 0.012 day-1, respectively, while degraders enriched on benzoate showed the lowest degradation rates of 0.004 to 0.009 day-1.
The ER-PRBB technique was finally applied to address the performance loss of a PRBB due to inhibition interactions among BTEX, when the mixture reappeared after a 10 day absence period. The ER-PRBBs experienced minimal to no performance loss, while PRBBs without ER augmentation experienced performance losses between 11% and 35%. Presence of ethanol during the BTEX absence period increased the performance loss of PRBB for benzene removal. PRBBs augmented with degraders enriched on toluene alone overcame the inhibition interaction between benzene and toluene indicating that toluene can be used as a single effective inducer in an ER. The ER-PRBB was demonstrated to be a promising remediation technique and has potential for applications to a wide range of organic contaminants.
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Mann, VANESSA. "LABORATORY STUDIES OF BIOBARRIER TECHNOLOGY IN FRACTURED ROCK." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7649.
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Experiments exploring transport and bio-containment of contaminants in fractured rock were completed using fractured-limestone samples obtained in eastern Ontario, Canada. Three single-fracture samples, a fracture-intersection sample and a fracture-network sample were set into vertical flow systems. Three phases of experiments focused on the transport and hydraulic properties of each sample, the effects of biobarriers on diffusion processes in fracture rock, and methods of improving biobarrier stability and survivability.
Hydraulic apertures were determined from constant-flow measurements and transport properties were interpreted from Lissamine and KBr tracer experiments with velocities of up to 8500 m/d for all five samples. At Re > 16, linear to non-linear transitions were observed in enlarged single fracture A and the fracture intersection samples. Reversible increases in aperture were observed at Reynolds numbers (Re) of 7, 4, and 3 for single fractures A and B, and the fracture-network, respectively. Non-linear effects were not observed in these samples over the range of velocities studied (up to Re = 20). Results from the 1-D analytical transport model overestimated values of matrix porosity, suggesting that diffusion from dead zones and slow-flowing regions are also contributing to observed breakthrough curves.
Methods of improving biobarrier stability in fractured rock were studied in two single-fracture samples and the fracture-network sample by stimulating naturally-occurring groundwater bacteria. Survivability was improved with successive cycles of feeding and starving and stimulating growth at lower temperatures. Modeled values of matrix porosity decreased by up to 50%, indicating that diffusion processes are strongly influenced by biofilm development.
Back diffusion of Lissamine was measured using one single-fracture sample and the fracture-intersection sample. Lissamine was allowed to diffuse into the matrix of each sample and, following a suitable loading period, the back-diffusion of residual Lissamine concentrations were measured from the outflow. This was done in the presence and absence of biofilm, and following the introduction of biofilm onto the fracture surfaces, diffusion was no longer a governing process affecting transport and only advective transport was observed. Experiments were interpreted using a 3-D finite difference model with a three-layer porosity approach, and indicated a decrease in aperture and porosity following biostimulation.Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-11-22 11:23:24.065
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Liu, Chao-Wen, and 劉詔文. "Removal of TCE and VC in Groundwater by a Biobarrier." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58874019967091606047.
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碩士國立中央大學
環境工程研究所
92
The biodegradation and removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) in groundwater under aerobic condition by indigenous soil cells and toluene-degrading cell (Pseudomonas putida F1) were investigated in this study. A series of batch experiments using toluene as co-substrate to induce toluene dioxygenase (TDO) for co-metabolizing of TCE and VC were carried out. In addition, bioremediation of TCE and VC in contaminated saturated aquifer were studied by laboratory scale column tests, which were designed to simulate the bio-barriers under the conditions of enhancing activity of in-situ soil cells by bio-stimulation. Batch experimental results showed that the indigenous soil cells and P. putida F1 could effectively co-metabolize TCE with 100 mg/L toluene added and the removal efficiency of TCE was 87% and 94%, respectively. However, when P. putida F1 seeded to soil, the TCE removal efficiency decreased from 94% to 89% due to the competition for toluene between P. putida F1 and indigenous soil cells. Additionally, indigenous soil cells could utilize VC as a sole carbon source and the removal efficiency of VC was around 60%. It also found that the supplement of exogenous primary substrate, e.g. toluene, did not increase the degradation of VC in this study. Thus, further studies are needed to figure out if any other compatible co-substrate could enhance the co-metabolize degradation of VC by indigenous cells. Soil column tests included (1) indigenous soil column for aerobic oxidation of VC, (2) indigenous soil column for aerobic co-metabolism of TCE and (3) indigenous soil column with adding P. putida F1 for TCE co-metabolism. The test results indicated that TCE and VC would breakthrough along the columns during the initial start up period due to the lack of induced toluene dioxygenase or the low activity of microorganisms. Moreover, the dominant biodegradation occurred in the front end of the column after 20 days of operation. It observed that the concentrations of TCE and VC in the column effluent decreased with the increase of the operation time. The removal efficiencies of TCE and VC were greater than 99% after 30 days of operation. As a result, the soil columns could effectively biodegrade the contaminants when the growth of microorganisms approached to steady phase. In addition, no other chlorinated byproducts were detected while TCE and VC were biodegraded.
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Chen, Yan-Min, and 陳彥旻. "Cometabolic Treatment of Trichloroethylene in Groundwater by Permeable Reactive Biobarrier." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14185240343431472494.
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博士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
96
In this study, treatment of trichloroethylene (TCE) in contaminated groundwater was investigated using biological permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). A bacterium using phenol as the carbon and energy source, Pseudomonas putida, was employed for the cometabolic degradation of TCE. The bacterium was first investigation for its degradation kinetics of both phenol and TCE. Then, the bacterium was immobilized in chitosan beads for testing its feasibility as a PRB reactive media. Finally, an oxygen releasing material, chitosan immobilized magnesium peroxide was investigated for its applicability in PRB systems as an oxygen supplier. In the kinetic study for the cometabolic degradation of phenol and TCE, a new model was developed to simulate the experimental data. The model incorporated cell growth and decay, loss of transformation activity, competitive inhibition between growth substrate and non-growth substrate and self-inhibition of non-growth substrate was proposed to simulate the degradation kinetics of phenol and TCE by Pseudomonas putida. All the intrinsic parameters employed in this study were measured independently, and were then used for predicting the batch experimental data. The model predictions conformed well to the observed data at different phenol and TCE concentrations. At low TCE concentrations (< 2 mg/L), the models with or without self-inhibition of non-growth substrate both simulated the experimental data well. However, at higher TCE concentrations (> 6 mg/L), only the model considering self-inhibition can describe the experimental data, suggesting that a self-inhibition of TCE was present in the system. The proposed model was also employed in predicting the experimental data conducted in a repeated batch reactor, and good agreements were observed between model predictions and experimental data. The results also indicated that the biomass loss in the degradation of TCE below 2 mg/L can be totally recovered in the absence of TCE for the next cycle, and it could be used for the next batch experiment for the degradation of phenol and TCE. However, for higher concentration of TCE (> 6 mg/L), the recovery of biomass may not be as good as that at lower TCE concentrations. The degradability of phenol and TCE by Pseudomonas putida BCRC 14349 in both suspended culture and immobilized culture (the chitosan beads) systems are investigated in this study. Based on the SEM microphotos, the P. putida cells grew well on both the surface and interior of the immobilized media, and the cells were uniformly distributed in the whole bead. The degradation experiments showed that both the primary substrate, phenol, and cometabolic non-growth substrate, TCE, were able to degrade at the tested concentrations, phenol = 100 mg/L, and TCE = 0.2 - 20 mg/L. The effect of pH, between 6.7 and 10, on the degradation of both phenol and TCE may be neglected for the suspended culture system. However, for the immobilized culture system, phenol and TCE degradation were only observed at pH > 8. The different effect of pH on the degradation may be linked to the surface properties of the chitosan beads and its interaction on the activity of the bacteria. Bacteria immobilized in chitosan beads were also investigated for the effect of functional groups of the beads on the degradation of phenol in this study. The functional groups of chitosan beads forming in four different washing solutions were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectra. The FTIR spectra showed that the beads possess much OH groups and amine groups, and the abundance of these functional groups was affected by the washing solution used. Since the amine groups may change charge property at different pHs, the washing solutions are expected to have strong impact on the bacteria degradability. Experimental results indicated that the degradation kinetics of phenol strongly depends on the washing solution used, following the same order as the abundance of amine groups. It is expected that more abundance of amine groups at the pH tested would lead to more positively charges on the chitosan bead surface, causing inhibition of bacteria activity. In the degradation experiment, the degradation of TCE began only after the exhaustion of phenol, indicating that the competitiveness of phenol is larger than TCE. The maximum transfer yield of TCE was almost the same for the suspended and immobilized cultures (0.032 mg TCE/ mg phenol). However, the maximum transfer yields for suspended and immobilized systems occurred at different TCE concentrations. The transfer yield at higher TCE concentrations for the immobilized system may suggest that the cells immobilized in carriers were provided protection from harsh environmental conditions, and had a better tolerance to the toxicity of TCE. Oxygen released from magnesium peroxide and chitosan-immobilized oxygen release compound was studied for the dynamic at different solutions. It is observed that using MgO2 as the oxygen source will increase pH value, and the final equilibrium pH in the aquatic system depends on the buffer capacity of aquatic system. The dissolution of MgO2 and decomposition of H2O2 are both related to equilibrium pH in aquatic system and then affected the oxygen release kinetics in aquatic system. The oxygen release rates as well as the pH in the aqueous systems for the chitosan immobilized magnesium peroxide could be controlled through different manufacturing processes. Chitosan immobilized magnesium peroxide could reduce initial rate to ranges from 1/4 to 1/2 under different experimental conditions. The micro-morphology of the chitosan immobilized MgO2, using a scanning electron microscope, showed that the material is very porous. In addition, the surface area as well as diffusion resistance for oxygen transport through the chitosan beads was relevant to the manufacturing processes. This may be employed as a tool to control the release rate of oxygen. The chitsan-MgO2 beads were further studied in column experiments for testing the supply of oxygen in the degradation of phenol using the P. putida bacterium. The experiment was operated for 400 h. The data indicated a sustain degradability of phenol through the experiment. The degradation rate of column experiment was calculated as about 17 mg phenol/L/h, much larger than the control column experiment at only 2.9 mg phenol/L/h. This degradation rate is in equivalent to the data obtained from the column filled with sand and ORC® at about 17 mg phenol/L/h as well.
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Kuo, Yu-chia, and 郭育嘉. "Application of in situ emulsified biobarrier to remediate chlorinated-solvent contaminated groundwater." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5qnqqy.
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博士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
101
Soil and groundwater at many existing and former industrial areas and disposal sites is contaminated by halogenated organic compounds that were released into the environment. Halogenated organic compounds are heavier than water. When they are released into the subsurface, they tend to adsorb onto the soils and cause the appearance of DNAPL (dense-non-aqueous phase liquid) pool. Among those halogenated organic compounds, trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), a human carcinogen, is one of the commonly observed contaminants in groundwater. In this study, aerobic and anaerobic microcosm batch experiments were performed to evaluate the feasibility of biodegradation of 1,2-DCA by adding different growth substrates. The objective of this study was to develop the emulsified oil and apply it as the filling material in the permeable reactive barrier to remediate TCE-contaminated groundwater. In this study, the developed emulsified oil contained soybean oil, lactate, biodegradable surfactant (Simple GreenTM and lecithin), and nutrients. The emulsified oil was able to provide carbon for the enhancement of in situ anaerobic biodegradation for a long period of time. A pilot-scale study was operated at a TCE-contaminated site located in southern Taiwan. The aerobic microcosm results show that approximately 90% of 1,2-DCA removal was observed in the natural degradation group (A1) and the aerobic sludge addition group (A3) after 7 days of incubation. Up to 95% of 1,2-DCA removal could be observed in the substrate supplement group in after 14 days of incubation. In the anaerobic microcosm studies, 50% of 1,2-DCA removal could be obtained in all groups after 10 days except for the natural degradation group (B1). Moreover, the degradation efficiency for the anaerobic sludge group (B3) reached 80% of 1,2-DCA removal in 5 days. The DGGE profiles show that the microbial diversity varied with time and the sugar supplement groups (A2, B2) exhibited the most microbial diversity. Bacterial clones results revealed that the 1,2-DCA biodegradable microbial strains were presented in the microcosms, such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Rhodoferax and Xanthobactor. The real-time PCR results indicated that the Dehalococcoides spp. was the major bacterium that was responsible for the degradation of 1,2-DCA in the anaerobic substrate supplement group (B2). Desulfitobacterium spp. could be the dominant 1,2-DCA degrading bacterium for the aerobic substrate supplement group (A2) and all of the anaerobic groups (B1, B2, B3, B4). Emulsified oil emulsion was pressure-injected into the remediation wells. Based on the groundwater analytical results, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and sulfate concentrations decreased after injection. However, the anaerobic degradation byproduct, acetic acid, increased after injection. Results also show that the total viable bacteria increased in the upgradient injection (remediation) well. Decrease in TCE concentration (dropped to below 0.01 mg/L) was also observed after substrate injection, and TCE degradation byproducts, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) were also observed. Result of microbial analyses show that various TCE-degrading bacteria exist in the groundwater samples including Ralstonia sp., Clostridium sp., Uncultured Burkholderiales bacterium, Hydrogenophaga sp., Acidovorax sp., Zoogloea sp., Hydrocarboniphaga sp., Uncultured Curvibacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Comamonas sp., Aquabacterium sp., and Variovorax strains. This reveals that the anaerobic dechlorination of TCE is a feasible technology at this site. Slug test result show that only a slight variation in soil permeability of the injection well was observed. This indicates that the developed system has the potential to be developed into an environmentally, economically, and naturally acceptable remedial technology. Knowledge obtained from this study will aid in designing a emulsified biobarrier system for site remediation.
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Liang, Shu-hao, and 梁書豪. "Development of in situ oxidative-barrier and biobarrier to remediate organic solvents-contaminated groundwater." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11498760542269300115.
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博士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
100
Soil and groundwater at many existing and former industrial areas and disposal sites is contaminated by organic solvent compounds that were released into the environment. Organic solvent compounds are heavier than water. When they are released into the subsurface, they tend to adsorb onto the soils and cause the appearance of LNAPL (light nonaqueous phase liquid) and DNAPL (dense nonaqueous phase liquid) pool. The industrial petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., methyl tertiary-butyl ether, MTBE and benzene) and chlorinated solvent (e.g., trichloroethylene, TCE) are among the most ubiquitous organic compounds found in subsurface contaminated environment. One cost-effective approach for the remediation of the chlorinated solvent and petroleum products contaminated aquifers is the installation of permeable reactive zones or barriers within aquifers. As contaminated groundwater moves through the emplaced reactive zones, the contaminants are removed, and uncontaminated groundwater emerges from the downgradient side of the reactive zones. The objectives of this study were developed to evaluate the feasibility of applying in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) barrier and in-situ slow polycolloid-releasing substrate (SPRS) biobarrier system on the control of petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvent plume in aquifer. In the ISCO barrier system, it contained oxidant-releasing materials, to release oxidants (e.g., persulfate) contacting with water for oxidating contaminants existed in groundwater. In this study, laboratory-scale fill-and-draw experiments were conducted to determine the compositions ratios of the oxidant-releasing materials and evaluate the persulfate release rates. Results indicate that the average persulfate-releasing rate of 7.26 mg S2O82-/d/g was obtained when the mass ratio of sodium persulfate/cement/sand/water was 1/1.4/0.24/0.7. The column study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of in situ application of the developed ISCO barrier system on MTBE and benzene oxidation. Results from the column study indicate that approximately 86-92% of MTBE and 95-99% of benzene could be removed during the early persulfate-releasing stage (before 48 pore volumes of groundwater pumping). The removal efficiencies for MTBE and benzene dropped to approximately 40-56% and 85-93%, respectively, during the latter part of the releasing period due to the decreased persulfate-releasing rate. Results reveal that acetone, byproduct of MTBE, was observed and then further oxidized completely. Results suggest that the addition of ferrous ion would activate the persulfate oxidation. However, excess ferrous ion would compete with organic contaminants for persulfate, causing the decrease in contaminant oxidation rates. In the SPRS biobarrier system, the food preparation industry has tremendous experiences in producing stable oil-in-water (W/O, 50/50) emulsions with a uniformly small droplet size. Surfactant mixture (71 mg/L of SL and 72 /L of SG) blending with water could yield a stable and the optimal emulsion was considered the best. The small absolute value of the emulsion zeta potential reduces inter-particle repulsion, causing the emulsion droplets to stick to each other when they collided. Overtime, large masses of flocculated droplets can form which then clog the sediment pores. The results can be used to predict abiotic interactions and distribution of contaminant mass expected after SPRS injection, and thus provides a more accurate estimate of the mass of TCE removed due to enhanced biodegradation. The effect of TCE partitioning to the vegetable oil on contaminant migration rates can be approximated using a retardation factor approach, where 0.28 years through a 3 m barrier. In anaerobic microcosm experiments, result show that SPRS can be fermented to hydrogen and acetate could be used as a substrate to simulate reductive dehalorination. The apparent complete removal of nitrate and sulfate by SPRS addition was likely a major factor that promoted the complete reduction of TCE at later stages of this study. Results from the column experiment indicate that occurrence of anaerobic reductive dechlorination in the biobarrier system can be verified by: (1) the oil: water partition coefficients of dissolved TCE into vegetable oil were be used to predict abiotic interactions and distribution of contaminant mass expected after SPRS injection. (2) The SPRS can ferment to hydrogen and acetate could be used as a substrate to simulate reductive dechlorination. The proposed treatment scheme would be expected to provide a more cost-effective alternative to remediate other petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents-contaminated aquifers. Experiments and operational parameters obtained from this study provide an example to design a passive barriers system for in-site remediation.
Books on the topic "Biobarriera"
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International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (6th 2001 San Diego, Calif.). Bioaugmentation, biobarriers, and biogeochemistry: The Sixth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium : San Diego, California, June 4-7, 2001. Edited by Leeson Andrea 1962-. Columbus, Ohio: Battelle Press, 2001.
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Calif.) International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (6th : 2001 : San Diego. Bioaugmentation, Biobarriers, and Biogeochemistry: The Sixth International in Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium : San Diego, California, June 4-7, ... in Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Sympo). Battelle Press, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biobarriera"
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Conley, Catharine A. "Biobarrier." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 159. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_164.
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Conley, Catharine A. "Biobarrier." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 261. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_164.
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Conley, Catharine A. "Biobarrier." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_164-2.
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Spry, J. Andy. "Biobarrier." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_5571-1.
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Spinnler, Gerard E., Paul M. Maner, Jeffrey D. Stevenson, Joseph P. Salanitro, Jennifer Bothwell, and John Hickey. "Application of an In Situ Bioremedy Biobarrier at a Retail Gas Station." In MTBE Remediation Handbook, 517–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0021-6_28.
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Ashraf, M. A., S. Batool, M. Ahmad, M. Sarfraz, and W. S. A. W. M. Noor. "Biopolymers as biofilters and biobarriers." In Biopolymers and Biotech Admixtures for Eco-Efficient Construction Materials, 387–420. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100214-8.00017-8.
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Kuippers, Gina, Naji M. Bassil, and Jonathan R. Lloyd. "Microbial colonization of cementitious geodisposal facilities, and potential “biobarrier” formation." In The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal, 157–92. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818695-4.00008-3.
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Frieboes, Hermann B., Paolo Decuzzi, John P. Sinek, Mauro Ferrari, and Vittorio Cristini. "Computational Modeling of Tumor Biobarriers: Implications for Delivery of Nano-Based Therapeutics." In Nanomedicine, 201–44. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429065767-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biobarriera"
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Soodmand, alireza, Seyed Ahmad Farzad Shariatpanahi, Hossein Emadi, and Behrooz Roozbehani. "Ground Biobarrier Formation for Preventing Contamination Migration." In Middle East Health, Safety, Security, and Environment Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/136089-ms.
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den Baars, P. Scott, John P. Kaszuba, Ted Cota, Jonathan Myers, Patrick Longmire, Betty A. Strietelmeier, and Tammy P. Taylor. "Design and Construction of Multi-Layered Permeable Reactive Barrier for Removing Radionuclides, Nitrate, and Perchlorate at Los Alamos National Laboratory." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-5002.
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Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Shaw Environmental, Inc. (Shaw) designed and constructed a multilayered permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to remove contaminants from shallow alluvial groundwater within Mortandad Canyon at LANL. This project was developed as a pilot project for LANL to conduct research and development and proof of concept and as such does not meet all identified target contaminant concentrations, but provides LANL data for future applications of the technology. Shaw worked jointly with LANL scientists in selecting the site, conducting a geotechnical and hydrogeologic investigation with contaminant characterization for waste disposal, preparing a design basis report, conducting geochemical and groundwater flow modeling, and preparing both conceptual and final detailed engineered designs. Geochemical modeling of the PRB multibarrier processes was conducted to predict influent and effluent contaminant concentrations and evaluate the potential for mineral precipitation and reduction of effective porosity in the barrier. A numerical model of groundwater flow was constructed to simulate hydrogeologic conditions in Mortandad Canyon and then used to simulate flow with the PRB in place. The Mortandad Canyon PRB is designed to remove radionuclides (americium-241, plutonium-238 and 239/240, and strontium-90), nitrate, and perchlorate from alluvial groundwater. The PRB consists of a funnel and gate constructed of sealable sheet piling driven through the alluvium and into the underlying volcanic tuff. The gate is designed as a braced cofferdam. The gate contains four sequential media cells consisting of lava rock gravel, mineral apatite (a calcium phosphate), biobarrier, and limestone gravel. The lava rock gravel will sorb colloids (sorbed with americium, plutonium, and strontium) from the alluvial groundwater. The apatite will remove soluble metals and radionuclides through sorption processes. The biobarrier serves as a host microorganisms that biodegrade nitrates and perchlorate. The limestone gravel functions to buffer the biobarrier effluent. In addition, there will also be sorption of soluble plutonium, americium, and metals within the biobarrier and limestone layer. A series of sampling ports and monitoring wells were installed within the reactive media cells. The purpose of the funnel is to direct shallow alluvial groundwater through the gate. This project was a joint effort between LANL and Shaw. The initial feasibility studies and bench scale treatability were conducted at LANL. The LANL laboratory data was used as the basis for design criteria. The hydrogeologic and geochemical modeling, engineering design, and construction were performed by Shaw with LANL guidance and input.
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Saponaro, S., A. Careghini, L. Romele, E. Sezenna, A. Franzetti, I. Gandolfi, M. Daghio, and G. Bestetti. "Remediation of groundwater polluted by gasoline-derived compounds with biobarriers." In WATER POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp120381.
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Katsenovich, Y., Z. Ozturk, M. Allen, B. Tansel, and G. Wein. "Enhancing TCE Biodegradation by Using Agricultural Byproducts in Biobarrier System." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)319.
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Bruce, C. L., and P. C. Johnson. "Application of a BioBarrier to a mixed MTBE/BTEX dissolved plume." In Environmental Health Risk 2001. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr010171.
Full textReports on the topic "Biobarriera"
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Tollner, E. W., and C. E. Jr Murphy. Measuring the efficacy of a root biobarrier with x-ray computed tomography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6174456.
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Johnson, Paul C., Karen D. Miller, and Cristin L. Bruce. A Practical Approach to the Design, Monitoring, and Optimization of the Situ MTBE Aerobic Biobarriers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429040.
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B.D. Wood. Influence of Reactive Transport on the Reduction of U(VI) in the Presence of Fe(III) and Nitrate: Implications for U(VI) Immobilization by Bioremediation / Biobarriers- Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902115.
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