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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioavailablity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Wang, Liuqing, Yoko Yamashita, Shingo Komeda, Akiko Saito, and Hitoshi Ashida. "Absorption, metabolism, distribution and faecal excretion of B-type procyanidin oligomers in mice after a single oral administration of black soybean seed coat extract." Food & Function 9, no. 10 (2018): 5362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fo00852c.

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Zaripheh, Susan, and John W. Erdman. "Factors That Influence the Bioavailablity of Xanthophylls." Journal of Nutrition 132, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 531S—534S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.3.531s.

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Koleman, H. A., R. van Zyl, N. Steyn, B. Boneschans, and H. S. Steyn. "Influence of Montmorillonite on the Dissolution and Bioavailablity of Phenyton." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 16, no. 5 (January 1990): 791–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049009114910.

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4

Emara, L. H., B. S. El-Menshawi, and M. Y. Estefan. "In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation and Comparative Bioavailablity of Vincamine in Prolonged-Release Preparations." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 26, no. 3 (January 2000): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ddc-100100352.

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5

Mahmoud, B. M. "Significant reduction in chloroquine bioavailablity following coadministration with the Sudanese beverages Aradaib, Karkadi and Lemon." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 33, no. 5 (1994): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/33.5.1005.

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Dixon, M., K. Lambing, and JI Seeman. "Mini-Review: On the Transfer of Nicotine from Tobacco to the Smoker. A Brief Review of Ammonia and “pH” Factors." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2000): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0700.

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AbstractA brief review is presented of the scientific literature on the effects of ammonia compounds, when used as tobacco additives, on the smoke chemistry and bioavailablity of nicotine. The review concludes that ammonia compounds used in the manufacture of certain types of tobacco sheet materials:1) contribute to the flavor properties of cigarette smoke,2) do not increase the amount, rate or efficiency of nicotine transferred from tobacco to mainstream smoke (MS),3) do not increase the percentage of nicotine in MS gas phase using the FTC/ISO (Federal Trade Commission/International Organization for Standardization) method,4) have no influence on the determination of MS nicotine yield as measured by the FTC/ISO method, and5) do not increase the total rate or amount of nicotine absorbed by the smoker.The review also examines the use of pH as it relates to tobacco and to smoke and suggests a terminology which more accurately describes the measurement (pH of aqueous extract of tobacco, pH of aqueous extract of smoke, and pH/electrode in smoke). Lastly, a number of research gaps in these areas are identified.

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Argon, Yair, Sophie E. Bresson, Michal T. Marzec, and Adda Grimberg. "Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94): A Novel Regulator of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Production." Cells 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9081844.

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Mammals have two insulin-like growth factors (IGF) that are key mediators of somatic growth, tissue differentiation, and cellular responses to stress. Thus, the mechanisms that regulate the bioavailability of IGFs are important in both normal and aberrant development. IGF-I levels are primarily controlled via the growth hormone-IGF axis, in response to nutritional status, and also reflect metabolic diseases and cancer. One mechanism that controls IGF bioavailablity is the binding of circulating IGF to a number of binding proteins that keep IGF in a stable, but receptor non-binding state. However, even before IGF is released from the cells that produce it, it undergoes an obligatory association with a ubiquitous chaperone protein, GRP94. This binding is required for secretion of a properly folded, mature IGF. This chapter reviews the known aspects of the interaction and highlights the specificity issues yet to be determined. The IGF–GRP94 interaction provides a potential novel mechanism of idiopathic short stature, involving the obligatory chaperone and not just IGF gene expression. It also provides a novel target for cancer treatment, as GRP94 activity can be either inhibited or enhanced.

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Calleja, Patricia, Socorro Espuelas, Christine Vauthier, Gilles Ponchel, and Juan M. Irache. "Controlled Release, Intestinal Transport, and Oral Bioavailablity of Paclitaxel Can be Considerably Increased Using Suitably Tailored Pegylated Poly(Anhydride) Nanoparticles." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 104, no. 9 (September 2015): 2877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.24354.

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Liao, Qi, Lixu He, Guangyuan Tu, Zhihui Yang, Weichun Yang, Jiaqi Tang, Wei Cao, and Haiying Wang. "Simultaneous immobilization of Pb, Cd and As in soil by hybrid iron-, sulfate- and phosphate-based bio-nanocomposite: Effectiveness, long-term stability and bioavailablity/bioaccessibility evaluation." Chemosphere 266 (March 2021): 128960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128960.

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10

Guja, Habtamu, and Kaleab Baye. "Extrinsic iron from soil contributes to Hb regeneration of anaemic rats: implications for foods contaminated with soil iron." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 8 (April 12, 2018): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000338.

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AbstractContamination of foods with extrinsic (soil) Fe is common in developing countries. However, the bioavailability of this extrinsic Fe and the extent to which it contributes to Fe nutrition remains unknown. The present study compared the bioavailability of laboratory- and field-threshed teff (Eragrostisis tef (Zucc) Trotter) to evaluate the bioavailablity of extrinsic soil Fe that resulted from the traditional threshing of the staple grain. Using sequential extraction, Fe was fractionated and its solubility was evaluated. The contribution of the additional extrinsic (soil) Fe to the Hb regeneration of Fe-depleted rats was evaluated using a rat Hb depletion–repletion assay. Weanling male Wistar rats (n24) were fed Fe-deficient diet for 21 d, and were then repleted for 14 d with diets: either laboratory-threshed teff (35 mg Fe/kg;n 8), field-threshed teff (35 mg intrinsic Fe/kg+ 120 mg soil Fe/kg;n 8), or FeSO4(control;n8). Fe content of field-threshed teff (29·4 mg/100 g) was four times greater than that of the laboratory-threshed (6·7 mg/100 g) teff (P<0·05). Soil contamination significantly increased the exchangeable, acid-soluble and reducible fractions obtained after sequential extraction. The relative biological value of the field-threshed teff (88 %) was higher than that of the laboratory-threshed (68 %) teff (P<0·05). Soil Fe can contribute to Hb regeneration in Fe-deficient rats. Considering that contamination of foods with soil is common in Ethiopia and other developing countries, it needs to be accounted for in the design and implementation of fortification programmes to prevent excessive intakes. Human studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

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Milbury, Paul E., Guohua Cao, Ronald L. Prior, and Jeffrey Blumberg. "Bioavailablility of elderberry anthocyanins." Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 123, no. 8 (April 2002): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00383-9.

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12

Thurnham, David I. "Macular zeaxanthins and lutein – a review of dietary sources and bioavailability and some relationships with macular pigment optical density and age-related macular disease." Nutrition Research Reviews 20, no. 2 (December 2007): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422407842235.

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The retina is unique in the human body in containing three xanthophyll carotenoids; 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) and lutein. Humans consume 1 to 3 mg lutein per d and the lutein:zeaxanthin ratio in the diet is about 5:1.Xanthophyll pigments occur widely in vegetables and fruits but MZ is found in only a few foods such as the shrimp carapace and fish skin. In spite of the amounts of the different xanthophylls in the diet, zeaxanthin and MZ occur in approximately equal amounts in the eye, and their combined concentration can exceed that of lutein. In the present review the bioavailablity of zeaxanthin and lutein is assessed using the plasma xanthophyll response to dietary intervention. A number of studies have used single and mixed sources of the pure xanthophylls to achieve steady-state plasma responses. Mostly these have been with lutein and zeaxanthin but two using MZ are also described. Responses following the intervention with the pure xanthophylls are compared with those following food intervention. Vegetables are the richest source of dietary lutein and several vegetable-feeding studies are discussed. Intervention studies with eggs, which are a good source of zeaxanthin, suggest that the xanthophyll carotenoids in egg yolk may be more bioavailable than those in other foods and are described separately. MZ has been a component of a xanthophyll supplement added to chicken feed in Mexico in the last 10 years. Egg consumption in Mexico is approximately one egg/person per d and the potential contribution of this food source of MZ to Mexican dietary intakes is described. Very limited information from human feeding studies of MZ-containing supplements suggests that MZ is less well absorbed than zeaxanthin. However, MZ is unusual in the diet and not reported in the plasma. Thus plasma responses may not reflect true absorption if it takes MZ longer to equilibrate with body tissues than the other xanthophylls and competition with zeaxanthin may lower the relative concentrations of MZ in plasma. Lastly, the effects of long-term feeding with both pure and food sources of the xanthophyll pigments on macular pigment optical density is compared and the importance of previous dietary intake on the effects of intervention is discussed.

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Dewandari, Kun Tanti, Sri Yuliani, and Sedarnawati Yasni. "EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocat um) (Extraction and Characterization of Nanoparticles of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum))." Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian 10, no. 2 (January 18, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v10n2.2013.58-65.

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<p>Sirih merah merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman fungsional, karena mengandung senyawa fitokimia dari golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin yang berkhasiat sebagai antihiperglikemik dan antioksidan. Salah satu kelemahan dalam penyerapan bahan aktif adalah bioavaibilitasnya yang rendah. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan adalah teknologi nano. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan ekstraksi sirih merah, sintesis nanopartikel dan karakterisasinya serta mengetahui stabilitasnya pada beberapa kondisi pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi etanol 96% dengan maserasi memberikan hasil yang terbaik dengan rendemen 7,2 ± 0,25%, kapasitas antioksidan 10892,86 ± 6,06 AAE?g/ml, IC 50 sebesar 46,51 ± 0,05 AAE?g/ml serta total fenol 2388,37 ± 0,3 mg/100g dengan komponen volatil utama yaitu sabinen dan mirsen. Konsentrasi kitosan 0,2% dengan rata-rata diameter 197,20 ± 11,68 nm memberikan hasil yang terbaik dengan nilai IP 0,235 ± 0,03, zeta potensial 32,75 ± 2,11 mV, kapasitas antioksidan 5502,00 ± 8,48 AAE?g/ml, nilai IC 50 yaitu 279,10 ± 0,05 AAE?g/ml dan total fenol 568,76 ± 3,0 mg/100g. Enkapsulasi nanopartikel dengan penyalut campuran maltodekstrin dan isolat protein menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan ukuran partikel dimana dengan pengisi maltodekstrin (M) sebesar 8952,7 ± 2598 nm dan campuran maltodekstrin dan isolat protein kedelai sebesar 8266,9 ± 1134,9 nm. Stabilitas pada beberapa kondisi pH menunjukkan bahwa penurunan persentase total fenol terbesar pada pH basa (6,7, dan 8) dibandingkan pada kondisi pH asam (2,3 dan 4).</p><p>Kata kunci :ekstraksi, antioksidan, daun sirih merah, nanopartikel</p><p>English Version Abstract</p><p>Red betel, a medicinal plant containing alcaloids, flavonoids and tannins, has health benneficial effects as antihyperglycemics and antioxidants. However, its low bioavailablity limit the applications of this extract for nutraceuticals. Transformation of extract into nanoparticles through ionic gelation process was done to enhance its bioavailability. This study is aimed at extracting the active ingredients of red betel leaves using organic solvent, preparing nanoparticles, and characterizing their properties including their stability at different pHs. The study showed the highest yield of red betel leaves extract was observed in the extraction using ethanol 96% (7.2 ± 0,25%) with the capacity of antioxidant of 10892.86 ± 6.06 AAE?g/ml, the IC 50 of 46.51 ± 0.05 AAE?g/ml, the total phenol of 2388.37 ± 0.3 mg/100g and the major volatile compounds of sabinene dan myrcene. Chitosan at a concentration of 0.2% produced nanoparticle size of 197.20 ± 11.68 nm with PDI 0,235 ± 0,03, zeta potential 32.75 ± 2.11mV, antioxidant capacity 5502.00 ± 8.48 AAE?g/ml, nilai IC 50 yaitu 279,10 ± 0,05 AAE?g/ml dan total fenol 568,76 ± 3,0 mg/100g. Encapsulation of nanoparticles using maltodextrin and protein isolates resulted in increases in particle size, in which maltodextrin gave slightly largle particles (8952.7 ± 2598 nm) than did combination of maltodextrin and soy proten isolate (8266.9 ± 1134.9 nm). Nanoparticles at pHs of 6, 7 and 8 exhibited larger decreases in total phenol as compared to that at lower pHs (2, 3, and 4).</p><p>Keywords : extraction, antioxidant, red betel leaves, nanoparticles</p>

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Basta, N. T., and J. J. Sloan. "Bioavailablility of Heavy Metals in Strongly Acidic Soils Treated with Exceptional Quality Biosolids." Journal of Environmental Quality 28, no. 2 (March 1999): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800020029x.

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15

Reddingius, Roel E., Alberdina W. De Boer, Cornelis H. Schröder, Johannes L. Willems, and Leo A. H. Monnens. "Increase of the Bioavailabllity of Intraperitoneal Erythropoietin in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis by Administration in Small Dialysis Bags." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 17, no. 5 (September 1997): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089701700509.

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Objective To establish the effectivity of administration of erythropoietin intraperitoneally in a small amount of fluid in children with renal anemia on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Design Prospective study in which children with renal anemia on CAPD were treated with erythropoietin intraperitoneally, administered in a specially designed bag containing 50 mL NaCl 0.9%. Setting University hospital. Patients The patient population consisted of 9 children treated with CAPD and 1 treated with nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis. The median age was 7.8 years (range 4.1 -15.2). Four of these children had not been treated with erythropoietin before (group A), and 6 had been treated with erythropoietin administered intraperitoneally in 250 mL of dialysis fluid (group B). Interventions Patients in group A started on a dose of approximately 300 units/kg per week (group A). Patients in group B received their previous dose. Do sage was adjusted to achieve a target hemoglobin level of 6.5 7.0 mmol/L (104 -112 g/L). Serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation were monitored and iron supplementation was prescribed in the case of iron deficiency. Main outcome measures Weekly erythropoietin dose in relation to hemoglobin level. Results In group A, median hemoglobin level rose from 5.3 mmol/L (85 g/L) to 6.6 mmol/L (106 g/L) after 6 months of therapy, whereas the median erythropoietin dose decreased from 266 to 234 U/kg/week. In group B, hemoglobin levels remained stable and median erythropoietin dose decreased from 262 to 194 U/kg/week. One patient in this group, for unknown reasons, never responded to erythropoietin treatment. He was excluded from further analysis. In the remaining 5 patients the median cumulative erythropoietin dose was 3250 U/kg in the 3-month period prior to the start of the study and 2713 in the 3-month period starting 6 months after the beginning of the study. This difference of 17% was statistically significant using a Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal administration of erythropoietin in a small amount of dialysis fluid leads to a decrease in the required dose.

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O'Reilly, Seamus, Neil Hartman, Katherine Bowling, Eric Rowinsky, Ross Donehower, Jerry Collins, and John Strong. "Bioavailablility of penclomedine and systemic exposure to 4- O -demethylpenclomedine in patients receiving oral and intravenous penclomedine." Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800100346.

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Zandanova, T. N., K. V. Ivanova, and T. P. Myryuanova. "The effect of starter on amino acid composition of fermented milk." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-258-262.

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The experimental studies of the amino acid composition of the skimmed cow milk fermented with kefir corns, natural kurunga symbiotic starter and bacterial concentrate of the microbial consortium (BСMC) have been carried out. The bacterial concentrate of the microbial consortium is intended for the preparation of a fermented milk beverage of mixed fermentation – kurunga. The microbial consortium obtained by autoselection of population of kefir corn starter and thermophilic lactobacteriums Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilum has been used to prepare BCMC. The amino acid analysis of the samples has been carried out by IC method with postcolumn derivatization of amino acids ninhydrin in the acid hydrolyzate of the sample on INGOSAAA-400 amino acid analyzer. The most of essential amino acids has been found in kefir – 434 mg/g of protein. In the samples prepared with natural starter and bacterial concentrate, the total amount of essential amino acids has been 401.84 and 403.8 mg/g of protein, respectively. Exogenous amino acids are essential for the growth of lactics and yeast. The difference in the total amount of the essential amino acids in the samples, probably, caused by the proteolytic activity of the starters and the growth requirements of the microorganisms. The assessment of the bioavailability has been carried out by the method of I.A. Rogov and N.N. Lipatov according to the coefficients of differences between the amino-acid score (CDAS) and bioavailability. The amino-acid scoring studies have shown that the protein in the studied samples is characterized by a complete composition. According to bioavailability, the kurunga samples exceeded kefir by 0.55-0.75%. The obtained results indicate that according to the biochemical activity, the bacterial concentrate of the microbial consortium is practically identical to kurunga prepared with natural starter. It makes possible to obtain a product bioavailably identical to a traditional beverage.

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Watanabe, T., K. Abe, M. Ishikawa, T. Ishikawa, S. Imakiire, T. Ohtsubo, K. Kaneko, T. Fukuuchi, and H. Tsutsui. "Hyperuricemia impaired nitric oxide bioavailablity and deteriorated pulmonary arterial hypertension via a uric acid transporter, URATv1 in xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-independent manner." European Heart Journal 41, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3804.

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Abstract Background Hyperuricemia occurs in approximately 80% in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is positively correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). It has been reported that uric acid (UA) reduced endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO) production in porcine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). However, the effects of UA and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), catalytic enzyme of UA, on the development of PAH have not been fully elucidated. Purpose We examined the followings; (1) the effects of hyperuricemia on the endothelial function and the development of PAH in rats (2) the therapeutic effects of UA transporter inhibitor on PAH in rats, and (3) the role of XOR in PAH in mice. Methods We used normal and 5-wk Sugen5416/Hypoxia/Normoxia-exposed (SU/Hx/Nx) rats. Gene expression levels of URATv1, a UA transporter, were measured by RT-PCR. We determined the isometric tension of PA rings isolated from normal rats. The study with the isolated perfused lung preparation was performed in SU/HX/Nx rats. To investigate the chronic effect of UA on the development of PAH, hyperuricemia was induced by the administration of 2% oxonic acid (OA) in diet for 6-wk. Benzbromarone (BBR, 10mg/kg/day, diet, from weeks 0 to 5), a URATv1 transporter inhibitor, was administered in the SU/Hx/Nx-rats with or without 2%OA. To examine the role of XOR in PAH, XOR+/− and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to 3-wk Nx or Hx (10% O2). Results The mRNA of URATv1 was detected in the normal lungs. Isometric tension study showed that UA (8 mg/dl) inhibited acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. In perfused lung preparations, UA acutely increased estimated PVR in a dose-dependent manner (1.6–16.0mg/dl) with reducing cGMP levels in the lungs. BBR significantly attenuated the pressor response to UA. UA levels in the plasma and the lung tissues were significantly elevated in SU/Hx/Nx-rats with 2%OA (normal vs. vehicle vs. 2%OA, plasma: 0.24±0.01 vs. 0.80±0.14 and 1.44±0.17 mg/dl; lung tissues: 68±3 vs. 142±3 and 377±46 pmol/g tissue). They exhibited further elevation of right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) (31±2 vs. 72±6 vs. 101±3 mmHg) and Ea (a marker of RV afterload) (0.24±0.04 vs. 0.97±0.15 vs. 2.36±0.49 mmHg/μL) with the exacerbation of occlusive lesions of PAs. BBR had no changes in the UA levels in the plasma (1.93±0.30 mg/dL), but significantly reduced the UA levels in the lung tissues (101±10 pmol/g tissue) and attenuated the increase in RVSP (53±8mmHg) and Ea (0.21±0.05 mmHg/mL) in the SU/Hx/Nx-rats with 2%OA. On the other hand, BBR had no effects on RVSP (76±7 mmHg) and Ea (0.91±0.15 mmHg/mL) in the SU/Hx/Nx-rats without 2%OA. There were no significant differences in RVSP between XOR+/− mice with Hx and WT with Hx (26±2 vs. 26±2 mmHg). Conclusions Hyperuricemia itself impairs endothelial function and deteriorates PAH via URATv1 in a XOR-independent manner. UA can be a novel therapeutic target for PAH. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Reinecke, A. J., and S. A. Reinecke. "The concept of bioavailability and establishing uniform standards for permissible chemical contamination of soil." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 25, no. 3 (September 22, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v25i3.155.

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Soils are very heterogeneous substrates providing an environmental matrix with varying spatial and temporal gradients of pH, organic carbon, particle size distribution, moisture content as well as biological factors associated with soil organisms. These chemical, physical as well as biological factors determine the bioavailability of chemicals to soil-dwelling invertebrates. This review of recent literature on the use of the bioavailability concept in soil ecotoxicology indicates that the concept is often used unqualified and indiscriminately to mean different things to different authors. A clear understanding of the concept is crucial for toxicity testing, environmental monitoring, risk assessment and the setting of soil quality criteria since knowledge of the actual exposure of organisms, and not merely the total amount of the chemical, is required. The aim of this paper is to contribute towards a clarification of the concept. Apart from defining or describing bioavailability, the problems related to the comparability of toxicity data between soils and species, inter-soil and inter-species comparisons of toxicity data are discussed. The potential role that biomarkers can play in assessing bioavailability, is touched upon. In an effort to prescribe uniform criteria or standards for environmental quality, both biotic and abiotic characteristics, which determine the bioavailablity of contaminants should be considered. This requires a dynamic approach which takes both uptake processes as well as a variety of other biological factors into consideration. It is concluded that bioavialiblity should be interpreted qualitatively and that the rate of uptake of a contaminant could possibly serve as a measure of bioavailability. The development of standardised protocols for exposure of selected species and the measurement of biological responses with the aid of biomarkers could serve to refine and take risk assessment a step further.

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KIDOKORO, KENGO, Yoshihisa Wada, Megumi Kondo, Atsuyuki Tokuyama, Seiji Itano, Tamaki Sasaki, Chris Wigley, Joel Proksch, Colin Meyer, and Naoki Kashihara. "P0089KEAP1/NRF2 PATHWAY REGULATES GFR BY INCREASING THE GLOMERULAR EFFECTIVE AREA WITHOUT AFFECTING THE AFFERENT/EFFERENT ARTERIOLE RATIO." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0089.

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Abstract Background and Aims The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway regulates the expression of a series of cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes. The Nrf2 activator, bardoxolone methyl (BARD), has consistently increased estimated GFR (eGFR) in clinical studies in patients with chronic kidney disease. BARD demonstrated improvement of renal function assessed by inulin clearance, the clinical gold standard for measuring GFR, in diabetic kidney disease patients. These findings suggest the Keap1/Nrf2 system is deeply involved in the regulatory mechanisms of GFR. However, the precise mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We pharmacologically and genetically investigated the mechanisms of GFR regulation by Keap1/Nrf2 system using in vivo multiphoton microscope (MPM) imaging techniques. Method C57BL/6 (Cont), Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-KO), and Nrf2-activated Keap1-knockdown mice (Keap1-KD) were used. The mice were treated the synthetic triterpenoid RTA dh404 (10 mg/kg/day by gavage) which is a Nrf2 activator for rodents, for a week. We successfully developed the technique to evaluate single-nephron GFR (SNGFR) using MPM (Circulation 2019). The glomerular hemodynamics, diameter of the afferent/efferent arterioles and glomerular permeability were also evaluated. The calcium influx into cells in response to ATP and angiotensin II stimulation and the effect on [Ca2+]i by RTAdh404 were evaluated using Fluo 4 and Fura red in cultured mesangial cells and podocytes. Production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) availability were assessed by fluorescent method using CellROX® Deep Red and diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate (DAF-FM DA) upon the exposure to these stimuli. Results SNGFR in Keap1-KD mice was significantly higher than in the control (9.13±0.55 vs 4.40±0.39 nl/min, Figure 1). RTA dh404 increased SNGFR in the control but not in the Nrf2-KO mice (6.00±0.40 vs 4.66±0.35 nl/min, Figure 1). There was no significant change in the ratio of the glomerular afferent/efferent arteriole diameter in all groups. RTA dh404 treatment increased glomerular volume but did not affect the glomerular permeability of albumin and 40kd-dextran. RTA dh404-treatment inhibited calcium influx into cultured podocytes and mesangial cells induced by angiotensin II or ATP, thereby affecting contractile responses. Oxidative stress and NO-bioavailablity were also ameliorated with RTA dh404. Conclusion The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway plays a pivotal role in controlling GFR and presumably underlies the effect of BARD on GFR in patients.

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Tako, Elad, Owen A. Hoekenga, Leon V. Kochian, and Raymond P. Glahn. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: High bioavailablilty iron maize (Zea mays L.) developed through molecular breeding provides more absorbable iron in vitro (Caco-2 model) and in vivo (Gallus gallus)." Nutrition Journal 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-3.

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Tako, Elad, Owen A. Hoekenga, Leon V. Kochian, and Raymond P. Glahn. "Retraction Note: High bioavailablilty iron maize (Zea mays L.) developed through molecular breeding provides more absorbable iron in vitro (Caco-2 model) and in vivo (Gallus gallus)." Nutrition Journal 14, no. 1 (December 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0109-x.

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Nyazema, N. Z., P. Rabvukwa, J. Gumbo, P. Ndudzo, and C. Chitemerere. "Bioavailablility of rifampicin in a separate formulation and fixed dose combination with iosniased NIH: a case for a fixed dose combination (FDC) for the treatment of tuberculosis." Central African Journal of Medicine 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cajm.v45i6.8472.

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Mumdzic, Enis, Preethi Mohan Rao, and Thomas Hugh Jones. "SAT-030 The Barnsley Diabetes Hypogonadal Questionnaire (BDHQ) - Validation for the Clinical Use to Support the Diagnosis of Testosterone Deficiency in Men with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1769.

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Abstract:

Abstract The Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale is used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in hypogonadal men. However, this questionnaire hasn’t been validated specifically for use in hypogonadal men with T2D. BDHQ was developed using data collected in the Barnsley Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Longitudinal Study based on AMS, The International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire, and The Short Form (36) Health Questionnaire. Statistical analysis identified the 19 most sensitive and specific questions for identifying men with hypogonadism in a T2D population. Objectives: To assess the significance of AMS and BDHQ in hypogonadal men with T2D. Methods: The research data from a study involving men with T2D was used. All men were divided into 2 groups according to their baseline total testosterone (TT) status: group 1 (n = 82) - men with low TT (<10.4nmol/l; 300ng/dl), and group 2 (n = 64) - men with normal TT (≥10.4nmol/l; 300ng/dl). Data was also assessed using calculated freeT and bioavailableT. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software and the data analysed using General Linear Model Univariate analysis of variance and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Mean age for group 1 was 59.4 ± 10.1 years (range 25 - 77) and for group 2 was 61.5 ± 9.8 years (range 30 - 80). Mean TT for group 1 was 7.9 ± 1.8 nmol/l (range 1.3 - 10.3); for group 2TT was 14.9 ± 4.1 nmol/l (range 10.4 - 29.5). There was statistically significant difference in the scores in both questionnaires between the groups (AMS, p=0.012; BDHQ, p=0.035). Area under the curve (AUC) by ROC analysis showed no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity between the two questionnaires (AMS, AUC=0.623; BDHQ, AUC=0.606). To achieve sensitivity of 80%, it showed that the cut-off for positive test should be 40 out of 85 for AMS, and 44 out of 95 for BDHQ. Conclusion: The BDHQ can be used to support a diagnosis of hypogonadism in the presence of persistent testosterone deficncy when TT is <10.4nmol/l. Whilst AMS is well-recognised tool for assessing HRQOL and ED in hypogonadal men in general population, the cut-off for positive test should be lower in diabetic population. In addition, this study showed that BDHQ is not inferior test to AMS in assessing HRQOL and ED in hypogonadal men with T2D.

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