Academic literature on the topic 'Bioavailability'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bioavailability"

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Stielow, Marlena, Adrianna Witczyńska, Natalia Kubryń, Łukasz Fijałkowski, Jacek Nowaczyk, and Alicja Nowaczyk. "The Bioavailability of Drugs—The Current State of Knowledge." Molecules 28, no. 24 (December 11, 2023): 8038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248038.

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Drug bioavailability is a crucial aspect of pharmacology, affecting the effectiveness of drug therapy. Understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in patients’ bodies is essential to ensure proper and safe treatment. This publication aims to highlight the relevance of drug bioavailability research and its importance in therapy. In addition to biochemical activity, bioavailability also plays a critical role in achieving the desired therapeutic effects. This may seem obvious, but it is worth noting that a drug can only produce the expected effect if the proper level of concentration can be achieved at the desired point in a patient’s body. Given the differences between patients, drug dosages, and administration forms, understanding and controlling bioavailability has become a priority in pharmacology. This publication discusses the basic concepts of bioavailability and the factors affecting it. We also looked at various methods of assessing bioavailability, both in the laboratory and in the clinic. Notably, the introduction of new technologies and tools in this field is vital to achieve advances in drug bioavailability research. This publication also discusses cases of drugs with poorly described bioavailability, providing a deeper understanding of the complex challenges they pose to medical researchers and practitioners. Simultaneously, the article focuses on the perspectives and trends that may shape the future of research regarding bioavailability, which is crucial to the development of modern pharmacology and drug therapy. In this context, the publication offers an essential, meaningful contribution toward understanding and highlighting bioavailability’s role in reliable patient treatment. The text also identifies areas that require further research and exploration.
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HOLLMAN, PETER C. H. "Bioavailability." Nutrition Today 35, no. 5 (September 2000): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-200009000-00006.

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ANB, Singab. "Bioavailability of Natural Products." Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/beba-16000137.

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Thilakarathna, Surangi, and H. Rupasinghe. "Flavonoid Bioavailability and Attempts for Bioavailability Enhancement." Nutrients 5, no. 9 (August 28, 2013): 3367–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5093367.

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Rick Mullin. "Confronting bioavailability." C&EN Global Enterprise 100, no. 34 (September 26, 2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10034-feature1.

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Hassan, M., P. Ljungman, P. Bolme, O. Ringden, Z. Syruckova, A. Bekassy, J. Stary, I. Wallin, and N. Kallberg. "Busulfan bioavailability." Blood 84, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 2144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.7.2144.2144.

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Abstract Busulfan is widely used as a component of the myeloablative therapy in bone marrow transplantation. Recent studies have shown that the drug disposition is altered in children and is associated with less therapeutic effectiveness, lower toxicities, and higher rates of engraftment failure. We have evaluated the bioavailability of the drug in two groups of patients: eight children between 1.5 and 6 years of age and eight older children and adults between 13 and 60 years. Oral bioavailability showed a large interindividual variation. In children, the bioavailability ranged from 0.22 to 1.20, and for adults, it was within the range 0.47 to 1.03. The elimination half-life after intravenous administration in children (2.46 +/- 0.27 hours; mean +/- SD) did not differ from that obtained for adults (2.61 +/- 0.62 hours). However, busulfan clearance normalized to body weight was significantly higher in children (3.62 +/- 0.78 mL.min-1.kg-1) than that in adults (2.49 +/- 0.52 mL.min-1.kg-1). Also, the distribution volume normalized for body weight was significantly higher in children (0.74 +/- 0.10 L.kg-1) compared with 0.56 +/- 0.10 L. kg-1 in adults. The difference in clearance between children and adults was not statistically significant when normalized to body surface area, which most probably shows that busulfan dosage should be calculated on the basis of surface area rather than body weight. However, to avoid drug-related toxicities, drug monitoring and an individual dose adjustment should be considered because of the variability in busulfan bioavailability.
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Hassan, M., P. Ljungman, P. Bolme, O. Ringden, Z. Syruckova, A. Bekassy, J. Stary, I. Wallin, and N. Kallberg. "Busulfan bioavailability." Blood 84, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 2144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.7.2144.bloodjournal8472144.

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Busulfan is widely used as a component of the myeloablative therapy in bone marrow transplantation. Recent studies have shown that the drug disposition is altered in children and is associated with less therapeutic effectiveness, lower toxicities, and higher rates of engraftment failure. We have evaluated the bioavailability of the drug in two groups of patients: eight children between 1.5 and 6 years of age and eight older children and adults between 13 and 60 years. Oral bioavailability showed a large interindividual variation. In children, the bioavailability ranged from 0.22 to 1.20, and for adults, it was within the range 0.47 to 1.03. The elimination half-life after intravenous administration in children (2.46 +/- 0.27 hours; mean +/- SD) did not differ from that obtained for adults (2.61 +/- 0.62 hours). However, busulfan clearance normalized to body weight was significantly higher in children (3.62 +/- 0.78 mL.min-1.kg-1) than that in adults (2.49 +/- 0.52 mL.min-1.kg-1). Also, the distribution volume normalized for body weight was significantly higher in children (0.74 +/- 0.10 L.kg-1) compared with 0.56 +/- 0.10 L. kg-1 in adults. The difference in clearance between children and adults was not statistically significant when normalized to body surface area, which most probably shows that busulfan dosage should be calculated on the basis of surface area rather than body weight. However, to avoid drug-related toxicities, drug monitoring and an individual dose adjustment should be considered because of the variability in busulfan bioavailability.
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Peck, Brian. "Calcium Bioavailability." American Journal of Therapeutics 6, no. 6 (November 1999): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00045391-199911000-00006.

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Englyst, Klaus N., and Hans N. Englyst. "Carbohydrate bioavailability." British Journal of Nutrition 94, no. 1 (July 2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051457.

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There is consensus that carbohydrate foods, in the form of fruit, vegetables and whole-grain products, are beneficial to health. However, there are strong indications that highly processed, fibre-depleted, and consequently rapidly digestible, energy-dense carbohydrate food products can lead to over-consumption and obesity-related diseases. Greater attention needs to be given to carbohydrate bioavailability, which is determined by the chemical identity and physical form of food. The objective of the present concept article is to provide a rational basis for the nutritional characterisation of dietary carbohydrates. Based on the properties of carbohydrate foods identified to be of specific relevance to health, we propose a classification and measurement scheme that divides dietary carbohydrates into glycaemic carbohydrates (digested and absorbed in the small intestine) and non-glycaemic carbohydrates (enter the large intestine). The glycaemic carbohydrates are characterised by sugar type, and by the likely rate of digestion described by in vitro measurements for rapidly available glucose and slowly available glucose. The main type of non-glycaemic carbohydrates is the plant cell-wall NSP, which is a marker of the natural fibre-rich diet recognised as beneficial to health. Other non-glycaemic carbohydrates include resistant starch and the resistant short-chain carbohydrates (non-digestible oligosaccharides), which should be measured and researched in their own right. The proposed classification and measurement scheme is complementary to the dietary fibre and glycaemic index concepts in the promotion of healthy diets with low energy density required for combating obesity-related diseases.
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McNulty, Helene, and Kristina Pentieva. "Folate bioavailability." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 4 (November 2004): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004383.

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The achievement of optimal folate status to prevent neural-tube defects, and possibly other diseases, is hindered by the well-recognised incomplete bioavailability of the natural folates found in foods compared with the synthetic vitamin, folic acid. Folate bioavailability from different foods is considered to be dependent on a number of factors, including the food matrix, the intestinal deconjugation of polyglutamyl folates, the instability of certain labile folates during digestion and the presence of certain dietary constituents that may enhance folate stability during digestion. There is conflicting evidence as to whether the extent of conjugation of polyglutamyl folate (in the absence of specific inhibitors of deconjugation in certain foods) is a limiting factor in folate bioavailability. Estimates of the extent of lower bioavailability of food folates compared with folic acid (relative bioavailability) show great variation, ranging anywhere between 10 and 98%, depending on the methodological approach used. The lack of accurate data on folate bioavailability from natural food sources is of particular concern in those countries in which there is no mandatory folic acid fortification, and therefore a greater reliance on natural food folates as a means to optimise status. Apart from the incomplete bioavailability of food folates, the poor stability of folates in foods (particularly green vegetables) under typical conditions of cooking can substantially reduce the amount of vitamin ingested and thereby be an additional factor limiting the ability of food folates to enhance folate status. A recent workshop convened by the Food Standards Agency concluded that gaining a better understanding of folate bioavailability in representative human diets is a high priority for future research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioavailability"

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Fresen, John Lawrence. "Statistical aspects of bioavailability." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17004.

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Includes bibliography.
In 1984 it became legal for pharmacists to offer customers a cheaper generic alternative for a given prescription. The motivation for this was the excessively high cost of brand name drugs. The substitution of a generic alternative for a brand name drug is based on the assumption that drugs with a comparable chemical composition will have a similar therapeutic effect. The fact that this supposition is not always true has been demonstrated by a number of particular drugs, digoxon being perhaps the most vivid example. The objective of this thesis is to review the statistical aspects associated with (i) measuring the bioavailability of a drug (Chapter 2) (ii) establishing the equivalence of a new and standard formulation of a drug (Chapter 3). In the process of reviewing the literature two problems were identified. Firstly, it is commonly assumed that bioavailability parameters follow either the normal or lognormal distribution. This assumption is difficult to defend, hence procedures based on such assumptions became suspect. Secondly, bioavailability is inherently multivariate whereas in practice univariate procedures are employed. Efren's bootstrap method, which does not rest on assumptions about the underlying distribution, is proposed as a tool for assessing bioequivalence. A new measure of bioequivalence, the Index of Concordance, is proposed. This index can be computed with equal ease for univariate or multivariate data using the bootstrap (Chapter 5). The bootstrap idea of resampling the data can also be applied to compartmental modelling of bioavailability data. One result of this is a nonparametric estimate of the underlying distribution of the bioavailability parameters (Chapter 6). The bootstrap is, on its own, a fascinating concept. A review of the bootstrap is given in Chapter 4.
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Menjoge, A. R. "Enhancing bioavailability of drugs." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2006. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2512.

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Montaseri, Hashem. "Taxol, solubility, stability, and bioavailability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21604.pdf.

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Stroud, Jacqueline L. "Bioavailability of hydrocarbons in soils." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441365.

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Jaganath, Indu Bala. "Dietary flavonoids : bioavailability and biosynthesis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418903.

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Jugdaohsingh, Ravin. "Soluble silica and aluminium bioavailability." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312026.

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Re, Roberta. "Lycopene : antioxidant properties and bioavailability." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248044.

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Muchow, Marc. "Nanocarriers for oral bioavailability enhancement." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10073/document.

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Le but général de ce travail correspond à l’amélioration de la biodisponibilité de principes actifs connus pour leur faible biodisponibilité (testostérone) ou pour leur caractère lipidique (acides gras oméga 3). Des systèmes nanoparticulaires à base de lipides et des systèmes nanocristaux ont été développés notamment dans le cas de la testostérone, afin d’obtenir une biodisponibilité supérieure au système oral actuellement commercialisé, Andriol Testocaps®. L’autre partie de ce travail consistait en la conception d’une formule d’acides gras omega -3 dans des nanoparticules lipidiques, susceptibles malgré l’utilisation d’une huile de poisson bon marché comme source d’acides gras omega-3, de n’avoir que peu d’effets sur le goût et l’odorat tout en s’avérant stable. Le développement de systèmes oraux à base de testostérone a été possible autant sur la base de la technologie des nanoparticules lipidiques (Nanostructured Lipid Carriers, NLC), que sur celle des nanocristaux. Dans les deux cas, les systèmes développés ont permis de répondre aux exigences en matière d’incorporation (NLC) et de stabilité (NLC et suspensions Nano). Les NLC ont permis d’incorporer jusqu’à 30% d’undecanoate de testostérone en phase lipidique. La formulation a également été possible avec différents lipides, susceptibles, d’augmenter l’absorption lymphatique et de ce fait également la biodisponibilité de l’hormone. Les nanocristaux ont pu être produits à partir de la testostérone (T) ainsi que d’undecanoate de testostérone (TU), avec des tailles moyennes respectives d’environ 470 nm (TU) et 860 nm (T). Cette taille particulaire doit permettre une absorption lymphatique accrue. Les biodisponibilités des systèmes développés à base de NLC, se sont avérées, chez le rat Wistar, toujours plus élevées que la formulation commerciale, quand ils ont été administrés sans lipides additionnels ce qui permet de supposer, que l’influence simultanée de l’absorption de nourriture sur la biodisponibilité devrait être moins prononcée qu’elle ne l’est pour l’Andriol Testocaps®. En partant de ces résultats, à savoir l’augmentation de la biodisponibilité orale avec les nanoparticules lipidiques, le développement d’un système de nanoparticules avec les acides gras oméga-3 d’huile de poisson bon marché était un pas logique. La biodisponibilité orale des acides gras oméga-3 est largement supérieure à celle du TU (environ 70 %). L’utilisation de la technologie NLC a ainsi permis la réduction de l’odeur et du goût du produit. La formulation avait un pourcentage remarquablement élevé de 70 % en phase lipidique tout en restant pâteuse et redispersible. Ceci permet d’envisager son utilisation dans des boissons et dans la nutrition ce qui facilitera l’assistance des patients (et donc la biodisponibilité) avec les acides gras omega-3 essentiels
The overall goal of this work consisted in ameliorating the bioavailability of drugs known for their poor hydrosolubility (testosterone) or for their lipidic character (omega-3 fatty acids). This was achieved using lipid nanoparticle systems and nanocrystals In case of testosterone the work consisted of the development of an oral dosage form with superior properties compared to the currently commercially available oral system (Andriol Testocaps®). The other part of this work was the design of a lipid nanoparticle-based omega- 3 fatty acid formulation, which, despite the use of cheap fish oil as source of omega-3 fatty acids, has low smell and taste properties while nevertheless being stable. The development of the oral testosterone drug delivery system was accomplished on the basis of lipid nanoparticles technology and also using drug nanocrystal technology. In both cases, systems could be developed that met the requirements with regards to drug loading (NLC) and stability (NLC and drug nanocrystals). Up to 30 % of testosterone undecanoate could be incorporated into the lipid phase of the NLC. Furthermore, the production of particles with different lipids, which are supposed to promote lymphatic absorption and hence the bioavailability of the hormone. Drug nanocrystals of testosterone (T) and testosterone undecanoate (TU) were prepared with a mean size of about 470 nm (TU) and 860 nm (T). Also with this system, an enhanced lymphatic absorption was expected. The bioavailabilites of the developed NLC based drug delivery systems were all higher than the bioavailability of the product on the market when no additional lipid was supplied. This gives reason to believe, that the influence of co-administered food on the bioavailability of the systems is less pronounced than with Andriol Testocaps®. Based on the findings that lipid nanoparticles can improve oral bioavailability, the development of an omega-3 fatty acids nanoparticulate system (NLC) out of cheap fish oil was a logic step. The oral bioavailability of the omega-3 fatty acids is much higher than the one of TU (about 70 %). Through the use of NLC technology, the taste and smell is even more reduced. It was rather unexpected that we achieved to have a formulation that consisted of 70 % lipid phase (and 30 % water) but still was paste-like and easy to redisperse. This makes the use of the paste as an additive in food and beverages possible to better supply the patient with essential omega-3 fatty acids
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Koprivnjak, Jean-François. "Natural Organic Matter: Isolation and Bioavailability." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14564.

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Electrodialysis (ED) experiments were conducted on reverse osmosis (RO)-concentrated solutions of NOM from six rivers. The ED processes successfully recovered 88 11% of TOC, and removed 83% 19% of SO42- and 67% 18% of H4SiO4. More importantly, the molar ratios of SO42- /TOC and H4SiO4 /TOC were reduced to a mean value of 0.0046 and 0.032, respectively, surpassing the goal for removal of SO42- (0.008) and almost achieving the goal for removal of H4SiO4 (0.021). The ED process can lower the SO42- /TOC ratio in samples whose initial SO42- /TOC ratios are already far below the limit of 0.008 used in this study. The coupled RO/ED process that has been described here offers a fast, simple, chemically mild (relative to other methods), and reproducible method of isolation of large quantities of relatively unfractionated, low-ash NOM from freshwaters. RO/ED was also successfully used for isolating and concentrating marine dissolved organic matter (DOM). The effort successfully recovered a median of 72% of the TOC from 200 L samples within six to nine hours of processing through a combination of ED and RO, greatly exceeding the current norm of 30%. The relatively high recovery of DOM implies that classes of DOM previously missing are included in these samples and should yield new insight into the chemistry of marine DOM. Freshwater samples processed by electrodialysis were analyzed for elemental composition and by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Bulk elemental composition, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS data provide evidence linking bioavailabilty to the bulk chemistry of NOM: the H/C and N/C molar ratios are positively and strongly correlated with bioavailability, as hypothesized. Using an independent dataset (STORET) of water quality parameters, calculated BOD/TOC ratios were found to be moderately correlated with measured bioavailabilities and can be used as a surrogate for bioavailability of geochemically diverse riverine DOM.
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Koprivnjak, Jean-Franȯis. "Natural organic matter isolation and bioavailability /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082007-154052/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Perdue, E. Michael, Committee Chair ; Ingall, Ellery, Committee Member ; Stack, Andrew, Committee Member ; Nenes, Athanasios, Committee Member ; Pfromm, Peter, Committee Member.
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Books on the topic "Bioavailability"

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Hu, Ming, and Xiaoling Li, eds. Oral Bioavailability. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118067598.

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El-Kattan, Ayman F. Oral Bioavailability Assessment. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118916926.

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F, Smolen Victor, and Ball LuAnn, eds. Controlled drug bioavailability. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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de, Waterbeemd Han van, Lennernäs Hans, and Artursson Per, eds. Drug bioavailability: Estimation of solubility, permeability, absorption, and bioavailability. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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name, No. Drug bioavailability: Estimation of solubility, permeability, absorption and bioavailability. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Testa, Bernard, and Han van de Waterbeemd. Drug bioavailability: Estimation of solubility, permeability, absorption and bioavailability. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Kies, Constance, ed. Copper Bioavailability and Metabolism. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0537-8.

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Kies, Constance, ed. Nutritional Bioavailability of Manganese. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0354.

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Kies, Constance, ed. Nutritional Bioavailability of Calcium. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0275.

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1934-, Kies Constance, American Chemical Society Meeting, and American Chemical Society. Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry., eds. Nutritional bioavailability of calcium. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bioavailability"

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Nahler, Gerhard. "bioavailability." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 15. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_118.

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Schwab, Manfred. "Bioavailability." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_626-2.

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Tyrer, Peter J., Mark Slifstein, Joris C. Verster, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, Britta Hahn, Christer Allgulander, et al. "Bioavailability." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 227. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1602.

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Hill, Keith, Tom Baranowski, Walter Schmidt, Nicole Prommer, Michel Audran, Philippe Connes, Ramiro L. Gutiérrez, et al. "Bioavailability." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 118. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2147.

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da Costa, Monica Ferreira, Helena do Amaral Kehrig, and Isabel Maria Neto da Silva Moreira. "Bioavailability." In Encyclopedia of Estuaries, 75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_134.

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Quiroga, Pablo A. M. "Bioavailability." In The ADME Encyclopedia, 107–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84860-6_129.

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Quiroga, Pablo A. M. "Bioavailability." In The ADME Encyclopedia, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51519-5_129-1.

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Günther, Klaus. "Bioavailability." In Diet for Iron Deficiency, 77–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65608-2_7.

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Hu, Ming, and Xiaoling Li. "Barriers to Oral Bioavailability-An Overview." In Oral Bioavailability, 1–5. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118067598.ch1.

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Tompkins, Leslie M., and Hongbing Wang. "Liver Drug Metabolism." In Oral Bioavailability, 127–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118067598.ch10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bioavailability"

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Emanuele, R. M., and J. Fareed. "THE EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT ON THE RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644179.

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Three fractions of different molecular weight (M. W.) were obtained from gel-filtration of porcine mucosal heparin. These fractions along with unfractionated and a low M. W. heparin (CY 216) were compared for relative bioavailability in primates (Macaca mulatta: n = 5). The M. W.'s of all fractions were determined using high performance liquid chromatography - gel permeation and characterizied in terms of mean M. W., peak M. W. and M. W. distribution. Area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) was calculated by the trapezoidal method after intravenous and subcutaneous administration and used as an index of bioavailability. For the AUC calculations, plasma heparin concentrations were determined using a Xa/IIa clotting assay (Heptest) and individual callibration curves. Using the AUC data, relative bioavailability was calculated using the following formula:Bioavailability = subcutaneous AUC / dose intravenous AUC / dose Significant differences in the bioavailability of the various molecular weight fractions were observed and inversely related to M. W. The highest M. W. fraction (23,000) showed the least bioavailability at 3 %. The bioavailability of the 13,300 M. W. fraction was 9 % while the 5,100 M. W. fraction was 93 % bioavailable. CY 216 (M. W. 5,400) displayed a relative bioavailability of 88 % while unfractionated heparin (M. W. 12,600) was 40 %. The apparent discrepancy in the bioavailability of the unfractionated heparin is likely due to differences in molecular weight distribution.These studies suggest that the M. W. of heparin preparations influences the relative bioavailability. Heparins of lower M. W. exhibit greater relative bioavailability compared to high M. W. preparations. Furthermore, characterization of both mean M. W. and M. W. distribution are necessary for predicting the bioavailability characteristics of heparin. The relationship between relative bioavailability and the M. W. of heparin may help identify low M. W. heparins as a more efficient agent for subcutaneous regimens in the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis.
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Gough, MS, MM Morgan, CM Mack, DC Darling, LM Frasier, KP Doolin, MJ Apostolakos, et al. "Reduced Arginine Bioavailability in Sepsis." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1157.

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Borel, P. "Nutrigenetic of fat-soluble microconstituents bioavailability." In 13th World Congress of Food Science & Technology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/iufost:20060813.

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Pigg, Joshua, Matthew Barley, Samier Ishtayeh, Jennifer C. Latimer, and Heather Foxx. "BIOAVAILABILITY OF LEAD IN URBAN SOILS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285193.

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Guido, Aida. "Bioavailability of Lead in Urban Soil Environments." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)327.

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Jaisi, Deb, Hui Li, Mingjing Sun, and Spencer Moller. "Glyphosate degradation and bioavailability in soil system." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12718.

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Gollapalli, Lakshmi Sri Sai Kumar, Harish Vancha, Govindaiah Pilli, Sharfuddin Mohd, Sourabh Chatterjee, and Mahesh Hanmantrao Tidke. "Nanoemulsion: A novel strategy for bioavailability enhancement." In THE FOURTH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES RESEARCH (EETR2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0163704.

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Whitacre, Shane. "Predicting Arsenic Bioavailability in Moderately Contaminated Soils." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71351.

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Annuzzi, Giovanni, Pasquale Arpaia, Umberto Cesaro, Ornella Cuomo, Mirco Frosolone, Sabrina Grassini, Nicola Moccaldi, and Isabella Sannino. "A customized bioimpedance meter for monitoring insulin bioavailability." In 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc43012.2020.9128676.

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Archetti, Francesco, Stefano Lanzeni, Enza Messina, and Leonardo Vanneschi. "Genetic programming for human oral bioavailability of drugs." In the 8th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144042.

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Reports on the topic "Bioavailability"

1

Dorsey, John. Thermodynamically Correct Bioavailability Estimations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada305825.

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Dorsey, John G. Thermodynamically Correct Bioavailability Estimations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada270889.

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Grossl, Paul R. Bioavailability of Allelochemicals in Soil. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495629.

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Gadgoli, Chhaya, Archana Naik, Siddhi Bhandekar, and Harshala Bhere. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of a formulation containing secoisolariciresinol diglucoside–rich extractdetermination of absolute bioavailability. Peeref, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2306p3619596.

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Denit, Jeffery, and J. Gregory Planicka. Bioavailability: implications for science/cleanup policy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799351.

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Jobling, Michael, Mary H. Barcellos-Hoff, and Joni Mott. Bioavailability of TGF-Beta in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444006.

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Jobling, Michael F. Bioavailability of TGF-Beta in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429598.

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Illa-Bochaca, Irineu, and Mary H. Barcellos-Hoff. Bioavailability of TGF-Beta in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474704.

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Brown, B., and J. Neff. Bioavailability of sediment-bound contaminants to marine organisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103045.

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Phipps, T. L., and L. A. Kszos. Bioavailability study for the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/459741.

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