Journal articles: 'BIOACTIVE GLASS MATERIALS'

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Brook, I. M., and P. V. Hatton. "Glass-ionomers: bioactive implant materials." Biomaterials 19, no. 6 (April 1998): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00138-0.

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Obata, Akiko, Sungho Lee, and Toshihiro Kasuga. "Bioactive glass materials for tissue regeneration." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 130, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.22054.

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Burdușel, Alexandra-Cristina. "Bioactive composites for bone regeneration." Biomedical Engineering International 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/biomed11.009015.

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Bone, the organ that separates vertebrates from other living beings, is a complex tissue responsible of mobility, body stability, organ protection, and metabolic activities such as ion storage. Ceramic materials are appropriate candidates to be used in the fabrication of scaffolds for bone healing. Biocompatible ceramic materials may also be created to deliver biologically active substances aimed at maintaining, repairing, restoring, or boosting the function of tissues and organs in the organism. Glass-ceramic materials furnish flexible properties appropriate for some particular applications. Because of the controlled devitrification and the evolution of variable dimensions of crystalline and glassy phases, glass-ceramics considerably overcome the lacunae found in glasses. A wide range of bioactive glass compositions had been developed since the early 1970s to make them appropriate for many clinical applications. Many bioactive ceramic composite materials attach to living bone through an apatite layer, which is developed on their surfaces in the living body. This paper reviews the most used bioactive ceramics for bone tissue regeneration, with specific accentuation on the material characteristics.

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Chen, Chuan Zhong, Xiang Guo Meng, Hui Jun Yu, Ting He, Han Yang, Dian Gang Wang, and Shi Gui Zhao. "Research Progress in Bioactive Glasses for Implant Materials." Key Engineering Materials 591 (November 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.108.

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With the constant development of medical technology, biological materials become more and more important in surgical repair. Bioactive glass and glass ceramic, because of the good bioactivity and biocompatibility, are considered to be the most ideal material for bone repair and replacement. Thus in this paper the recent research progress in bioactive glasses and glass ceramics are summarized. The characteristics of component, structure and property of several kinds of bioactive glasses and glass ceramics are analyzed, the existent problems and some different solutions are also discussed, and their development foreground in surgical repair application is further forecast.

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Vitale-Brovarone, C., S. Di Nunzio, O. Bretcanu, and E. Verné. "Macroporous glass-ceramic materials with bioactive properties." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 15, no. 3 (March 2004): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsm.0000015480.49061.e1.

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Gonzalo-Juan, Isabel, Fangtong Xie, Malin Becker, Dilshat U. Tulyaganov, Emanuel Ionescu, Stefan Lauterbach, Francesca De Angelis Rigotti, Andreas Fischer, and Ralf Riedel. "Synthesis of Silver Modified Bioactive Glassy Materials with Antibacterial Properties via Facile and Low-Temperature Route." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225115.

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There is an increasing clinical need to develop novel biomaterials that combine regenerative and biocidal properties. In this work, we present the preparation of silver/silica-based glassy bioactive (ABG) compositions via a facile, fast (20 h), and low temperature (80 °C) approach and their characterization. The fabrication process included the synthesis of the bioactive glass (BG) particles followed by the surface modification of the bioactive glass with silver nanoparticles. The microstructural features of ABG samples before and after exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF), as well as their ion release behavior during SBF test were evaluated using infrared spectrometry (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopies (TEM and SEM) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The antibacterial properties of the experimental compositions were tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results indicated that the prepared ABG materials possess antibacterial activity against E. coli, which is directly correlated with the glass surface modification.

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Dieckmann, Phoebe, Dirk Mohn, Matthias Zehnder, Thomas Attin, and Tobias T. Tauböck. "Light Transmittance and Polymerization of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials Doped with Bioactive Micro-Fillers." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2019): 4087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244087.

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This study investigated the effect of bioactive micro-fillers on the light transmittance and polymerization of three commercially available bulk-fill resin composites. These were mixed with 20 wt% bioactive glass 45S5, Portland cement, inert dental barium glass, or nothing (controls). Composites were photo-activated and light transmittance through 4 mm thick specimens was measured in real time. Moreover, degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop hardness (KHN) were assessed. Light transmittance of all bulk-fill composites significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with addition of 20 wt% bioactive glass 45S5 but not when inert barium glass was added. For bulk-fill composites modified with Portland cement, light irradiance dropped below the detection limit at 4 mm depth. The DC at the top surface of the specimens was not affected by addition of bioactive or inert micro-fillers. The bottom-to-top ratio of both DC and KHN surpassed 80% for bulk-fill composites modified with 20 wt% bioactive or inert glass fillers but fell below 20% when the composites were modified with Portland cement. In contrast to Portland cement, the addition of 20 wt% bioactive glass maintains adequate polymerization of bulk-fill composites placed at 4 mm thickness, despite a decrease in light transmittance compared to the unmodified materials.

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Sindut, R., Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska, and Maria Łączka. "Bioactive Glass-Ceramic Porous Sinters." Advances in Science and Technology 49 (October 2006): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.49.103.

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Bioglasses and bioactive glass-ceramics have found increasingly wide application in medicine and dentistry. Using sol-gel method, is possible to obtain glass and glass-ceramic bioactive materials of new generation, characterized the higher bioactivity than melted bioglasses. These materials can be produced in various final forms, as powders, thin layers on different base and porous sinters. Production of porous bioactive sinters from gel-derived powders is a new problem and the parameters controlling this process are not recognized yet. The aim of the study was to obtain porous bioactive sinters from gel-derived powders of the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system of four various chemical compositions (S2, II, I, A2) and the characterization of properties of these new materials. The starting powders differ from each other in the content of the basic components, at the molar ratio of CaO to SiO2 equals 0.2-1.35. To obtain the porous sinters a method of burning additions and deposition of the casting slip on the polymeric sponge was used. Sintering was realized in several stages, at the maximal temperature 1200oC. By selecting appropriate conditions of sintering, a durable material of high open porosity up to 77 % was obtained. Its porous structure was characterized by a prevailing number of small micropores of similar dimensions, uniformly distributed in the material. The phase composition of obtained sinters was determined by the X-ray diffraction method. All sinters represented glass-ceramic materials with apatite, cristoballite and calcium silicates as a main crystalline phases. In order to preliminary determination bioactivity of obtained sinters, test in vitro in simulated body fluid SBF was conducted. It was found that hydroxyapatite formation on the sinter surface occurs only in the case of biomaterials of highest calcium concentration.

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Maximov, Maxim, Oana-Cristina Maximov, Luminita Craciun, Denisa Ficai, Anton Ficai, and Ecaterina Andronescu. "Bioactive Glass—An Extensive Study of the Preparation and Coating Methods." Coatings 11, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111386.

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Diseases or complications that are caused by bone tissue damage affect millions of patients every year. Orthopedic and dental implants have become important treatment options for replacing and repairing missing or damaged parts of bones and teeth. In order to use a material in the manufacture of implants, the material must meet several requirements, such as mechanical stability, elasticity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, and non-toxicity. In the 1970s, a biocompatible glassy material called bioactive glass was discovered. At a later time, several glass materials with similar properties were developed. This material has a big potential to be used in formulating medical devices, but its fragility is an important disadvantage. The use of bioactive glasses in the form of coatings on metal substrates allows the combination of the mechanical hardness of the metal and the biocompatibility of the bioactive glass. In this review, an extensive study of the literature was conducted regarding the preparation methods of bioactive glass and the different techniques of coating on various substrates, such as stainless steel, titanium, and their alloys. Furthermore, the main doping agents that can be used to impart special properties to the bioactive glass coatings are described.

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Shaikh, Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Amber Fareed, and Muhammad Sohail Zafar. "Bioactive Glass Applications in Different Periodontal Lesions: A Narrative Review." Coatings 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040716.

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Tissue engineering in the orofacial region with bioactive components by the activation of immune complexes or other proteins is the current focus of biomaterials research. Consequently, natural ground materials and tissue components are being created. Bioactive glass is one of the most promising biomaterials and has bioactive properties making it suited for a range of different clinical dental applications, including the regeneration of hard tissues in the craniofacial region. This narrative review provides a summary of the favorable properties and recent applications of bioactive glass materials for the management of periodontal lesions. Bioactive glass mimics natural calcified tissues in terms of composition and has a bioactive role in bone regeneration. The present review concluded that bioactive glass materials have a promising potential for various periodontal applications including the repair of infrabony defects, gingival recession, furcation defects, and guided tissue regeneration. However, further in vivo studies and clinical trials are warranted to advance and validate the potential of bioactive glass for periodontal applications and translate its usage in dental clinics for periodontology.

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Par, Matej, Laura Plančak, Lucija Ratkovski, Tobias T. Tauböck, Danijela Marovic, Thomas Attin, and Zrinka Tarle. "Improved Flexural Properties of Experimental Resin Composites Functionalized with a Customized Low-Sodium Bioactive Glass." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204289.

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This study evaluated the flexural properties of an experimental composite series functionalized with 5–40 wt% of a low-Na F-containing bioactive glass (F-series) and compared it to another experimental composite series containing the same amounts of the conventional bioactive glass 45S5 (C-series). Flexural strength and modulus were evaluated using a three-point bending test. Degree of conversion was measured using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Weibull analysis was performed to evaluate material reliability. The control material with 0 wt% of bioactive glass demonstrated flexural strength values of 105.1–126.8 MPa). In the C-series, flexural strength ranged between 17.1 and 121.5 MPa and was considerably more diminished by the increasing amounts of bioactive glass than flexural strength in the F-series (83.8–130.2 MPa). Analogously, flexural modulus in the C-series (0.56–6.66 GPa) was more reduced by the increase in bioactive glass amount than in the F-series (5.24–7.56 GPa). The ISO-recommended “minimum acceptable” flexural strength for restorative resin composites of 80 MPa was achieved for all materials in the F-series, while in the C-series, the materials with higher bioactive glass amounts (20 and 40 wt%) failed to meet the requirement of 80 MPa. The degree of conversion in the F-series was statistically similar or higher compared to that of the control composite with no bioactive glass, while the C-series showed a declining degree of conversion with increasing bioactive glass amounts. In summary, the negative effect of the addition of bioactive glass on mechanical properties was notably less pronounced for the customized bioactive glass than for the bioactive glass 45S5; additionally, mechanical properties of the composites functionalized with the customized bioactive glass were significantly less diminished by artificial aging. Hence, the customized bioactive glass investigated in the present study represents a promising candidate for functionalizing ion-releasing resin composites.

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Washio, Morotomi, Yoshii, and Kitamura. "Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Sealer as a Promising Root Canal Filling Material without Semisolid Core Materials." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233967.

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Endodontic treatment for a tooth with damaged dental pulp aims to both prevent and cure apical periodontitis. If the tooth is re-infected as a result of a poorly obturated root canal, periapical periodontitis may set-in due to invading bacteria. To both avoid any re-infection and improve the success rate of endodontic retreatment, a treated root canal should be three-dimensionally obturated with a biocompatible filling material. Recently, bioactive glass, one of the bioceramics, is focused on the research area of biocompatible biomaterials for endodontics. Root canal sealers derived from bioactive glass-based have been developed and applied in clinical endodontic treatments. However, at present, there is little evidence about the patient outcomes, sealing mechanism, sealing ability, and removability of the sealers. Herein, we have developed a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer and provided evidence concerning its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, sealing ability, and removability. We also review the classification of bioceramics and characteristics of bioactive glass. Additionally, we describe the application of bioactive glass to facilitate the development of a new root canal sealer. Furthermore, this review shows the potential application of bioactive glass-based cement as a root canal filling material in the absence of semisolid core material.

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da Silva, Gleison Lopes, Ingryd Freitas Rodrigues, Sara Sthéphanny Silva Pereira, Guilherme Martins Gomes Fontoura, Aramys Silva Reis, Franciana Pedrochi, and Alysson Steimacher. "Bioactive antibacterial borate glass and glass-ceramics." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 595 (November 2022): 121829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2022.121829.

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Fakhruddin, Ahmad Kamil, and Hasmaliza M. Mohamad. "Mechanical Properties of Bioactive Glass Fabricated Using Natural Resources Materials." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.620.

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Bioactive glass use silica (SiO2), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) as raw materials. In this work, bioactive glass (BG); 45S5 bioactive glass was synthesized using natural resources materials; rice husk ash (RHA) as silica (SiO2) source and seashell (SS) as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) source through melt derived method. All raw materials were melted at 1400 °C and water quenched. The glass frit obtained was milled and sieved then analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties 45S5 BG pellet was observed through diametral tensile stress (DTS). The XRD and FTIR pattern for all sample synthesized using natural resources raw materials show similar pattern with control sample 45S5 synthesis using pure raw materials. The mechanical properties for all samples also have not significantly different with control samples

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Sergi, Rachele, Devis Bellucci, Roberta Salvatori, and Valeria Cannillo. "Chitosan-Based Bioactive Glass Gauze: Microstructural Properties, In Vitro Bioactivity, and Biological Tests." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 2819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122819.

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Passive commercial gauzes were turned into interactive wound dressings by impregnating them with a chitosan suspension. To further improve healing, and cell adhesion and proliferation, chitosan/bioactive glass wound dressings were produced with the addition of (i) 45S5, (ii) a Sr- and Mg-containing bioactive glass, and (iii) a Zn-containing bioactive glass to the chitosan suspension. SEM and FTIR analyses evidenced positive results in terms of incorporation of bioactive glass particles. Bioactivity was investigated by soaking chitosan-based bioactive glass wound dressings in simulated body fluid (SBF). Cell viability, proliferation, and morphology were investigated using NIH 3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cells by neutral red (NR) uptake and MTT assays. Furthermore, the wound-healing rate was evaluated by means of the scratch test, using NIH 3T3. The results showed that bioactive glass particles enhance cell adhesion and proliferation, and wound healing compared to pure chitosan. Therefore, chitosan-based bioactive glass wound dressings combine the properties of the organic matrix with the specific biological characteristics of bioactive glasses to achieve chitosan composites suitable for healing devices.

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Dai, Lin Lu, May Lei Mei, Chun Hung Chu, and Edward Chin Man Lo. "Mechanisms of Bioactive Glass on Caries Management: A Review." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 4183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244183.

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This review investigates the mechanisms of bioactive glass on the management of dental caries. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE (via Ovid), Medline (via Ovid)) were systematically searched using broad keywords and terms to identify the literature pertaining to the management of dental caries using “bioactive glass”. Titles and abstracts were scrutinized to determine the need for full-text screening. Data were extracted from the included articles regarding the mechanisms of bioactive glass on dental caries management, including the aspect of remineralizing effect on enamel and dentine caries, and antimicrobial effect on cariogenic bacteria. After removal of duplicates, 1992 articles were identified for screening of the titles and abstracts. The full texts of 49 publications were scrutinized and 23 were finally included in this review. Four articles focused on the antimicrobial effect of bioactive glass. Twelve papers discussed the effect of bioactive glass on demineralized enamel, while 9 articles investigated the effect of bioactive glass on demineralized dentine. In conclusion, bioactive glass can remineralize caries and form apatite on the surface of enamel and dentine. In addition, bioactive glass has an antibacterial effect on cariogenic bacteria of which may help to prevent and arrest dental caries.

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Nicholson, John W. "Periodontal Therapy Using Bioactive Glasses: A Review." Prosthesis 4, no. 4 (November 10, 2022): 648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4040052.

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This paper reviews the use of bioactive glasses as materials for periodontal repair. Periodontal disease causes bone loss, resulting in tooth loosening and eventual tooth loss. However, it can be reversed using bioactive glass, typically the original 45S5 formulation (Bioglass®) at the defect site. This is done either by plcing bioactive glass granules or a bioactive glass putty at the defect. This stimulates bone repair and causes the defect to disappear. Another use of bioactive glass in periodontics is to repair so-called furcation defects, i.e., bone loss due to infection at the intersection of the roots in multi-rooted teeth. This treatment also gives good clinical outcomes. Finally, bioactive glass has been used to improve outcomes with metallic implants. This involves either placing bioactive glass granules into the defect prior to inserting the metal implant, or coating the implant with bioactive glass to improve the likelihood of osseointegration. This needs the glass to be formulated so that it does not crack or debond from the metal. This approach has been very successful, and bioactive glass coatings perform better than those made from hydroxyapatite.

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Baino, Francesco, Enrica Verné, Elisa Fiume, Oscar Peitl, Edgar D. Zanotto, Simone M. Brandão, and Silvana A. Schellini. "Bioactive glass and glass‐ceramic orbital implants." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 16, no. 5 (March 28, 2019): 1850–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijac.13236.

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Skallevold, Hans Erling, Dinesh Rokaya, Zohaib Khurshid, and Muhammad Sohail Zafar. "Bioactive Glass Applications in Dentistry." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 5960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235960.

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At present, researchers in the field of biomaterials are focusing on the oral hard and soft tissue engineering with bioactive ingredients by activating body immune cells or different proteins of the body. By doing this natural ground substance, tissue component and long-lasting tissues grow. One of the current biomaterials is known as bioactive glass (BAG). The bioactive properties make BAG applicable to several clinical applications involving the regeneration of hard tissues in medicine and dentistry. In dentistry, its uses include dental restorative materials, mineralizing agents, as a coating material for dental implants, pulp capping, root canal treatment, and air-abrasion, and in medicine it has its applications from orthopedics to soft-tissue restoration. This review aims to provide an overview of promising and current uses of bioactive glasses in dentistry.

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Ju, Yin Yan, Qiang Li, Wang Nian Zhang, and Xiao Feng Chen. "Effect of the Additive 45S5 on the Properties of Bioactive Glass Scaffold Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.941.

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The bioactive glasses 58S was first prepared using sol-gel technique and the 45S5 bioactive glass was prepared through melting method. The above bioactive glasses were then grounded into fine powders, and each of the glass powders and their mixtures was doped with the porogen in certain ratios respectively. The bioactive porous materials were finally produced through sintering. We investigated the microstructure, surface morphologies, bending strength and bioactivity of the porous materials via in vitro method combined with DTA, SEM and FTIR techniques. The results show that the porous material made from the 58S and 45S5 mixture possesses the best bioactivity and bio-mineralization function among all samples, thus is a very promising bioactive material for bone defects filling or bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Jin, Xiangyun, Dan Han, Jie Tao, Yinjun Huang, Zihui Zhou, Zheng Zhang, Xin Qi, and Weitao Jia. "Dimethyloxallyl Glycine-Incorporated Borosilicate Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Improving Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects." Current Drug Delivery 16, no. 6 (August 27, 2019): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201816666190611105205.

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Background: In the field of bone tissue engineering, there has been an increasing interest in biomedical materials with both high angiogenic ability and osteogenic ability. Among various osteogenesis materials, bioactive borosilicate and borate glass scaffolds possess suitable degradation rate and mechanical strength, thus drawing many scholars’ interests and attention. Objective: In this study, we fabricated bioactive glass scaffolds composed of borosilicate 2B6Sr using the Template-Method and incorporated Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a small-molecule angiogenic drug possessing good angiogenic ability, to improve bone regeneration. Methods: The in-vitro studies showed that porous borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds released slowly, a steady amount of DMOG and stimulated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells hBMSCs. Results: In-vivo studies showed that the borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds could significantly promote new bone formation and neovascularization in rats’ calvarial bone defects. Conclusion: These results indicated that DMOG-incorporated bioactive glass scaffold is a successful compound with excellent angiogenesis-osteogenesis ability, which has favorable clinical prospects.

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Hench, Larry L. "Genetic design of bioactive glass." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29, no. 7 (April 2009): 1257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.08.002.

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Nawaz, Qaisar, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman, Judith A. Roether, Liu Yufei, Alina Grünewald, Rainer Detsch, and Aldo R. Boccaccini. "Bioactive glass based scaffolds incorporating gelatin/manganese doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle coating." Ceramics International 45, no. 12 (August 2019): 14608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.04.179.

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Hsu, Shu-Min, Muhammad Alsafadi, Christina Vasconez, Chaker Fares, Valentin Craciun, Edgar O’Neill, Fan Ren, Arthur Clark, and Josephine Esquivel-Upshaw. "Qualitative Analysis of Remineralization Capabilities of Bioactive Glass (NovaMin) and Fluoride on Hydroxyapatite (HA) Discs: An In Vitro Study." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143813.

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Tooth decay is a prevalent disease that initiates when the oral pH becomes acidic. Fluoride and/or bioactive glass (NovaMin) were used to regenerate/repair teeth that had been decalcified. In this present study, we investigated the effect of fluoride and/or bioactive glass (NovaMin) on remineralization of hydroxyapatite (HA) discs, which mimic the enamel surface of natural teeth. HA discs were etched with phosphoric acid and treated with one of the following toothpastes: (1) Sensodyne toothpaste with fluoride; (2) Sensodyne toothpaste with fluoride and bioactive glass (NovaMin); (3) Tom’s toothpaste without fluoride or bioactive glass (NovaMin); and (4) Tom’s toothpaste with bioactive glass (NovaMin). The toothpastes were applied on the etched discs for two minutes, once a day for 15 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze surface morphologies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze surface compositions. Tom’s toothpaste with only NovaMin demonstrated the most remineralization potential compared with the other groups. In conclusion, incorporating bioactive glass (NovaMin) into toothpastes could benefit the repair and remineralization of teeth.

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Li, Lihua, and Haihu Yu. "Research on bioactive glass-ceramics." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 112, no. 1-3 (October 1989): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(89)90512-7.

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Faqhiri, Hamasa, Markus Hannula, Minna Kellomäki, Maria Teresa Calejo, and Jonathan Massera. "Effect of Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass Particles on the Properties of Chitosan Scaffolds." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10030038.

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This study reports on the processing of three-dimensional (3D) chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds. On the one hand, chitosan, as a natural polymer, has suitable properties for tissue engineering applications but lacks bioactivity. On the other hand, bioactive glasses are known to be bioactive and to promote a higher level of bone formation than any other biomaterial type. However, bioactive glasses are hard, brittle, and cannot be shaped easily. Therefore, in the past years, researchers have focused on the processing of new composites. Difficulties in reaching composite materials made of polymer (synthetic or natural) and bioactive glass include: (i) The high glass density, often resulting in glass segregation, and (ii) the fast bioactive glass reaction when exposed to moisture, leading to changes in the glass reactivity and/or change in the polymeric matrix. Samples were prepared with 5, 15, and 30 wt% of bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive ®), as confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis. MicrO–Computed tomography and optical microscopy revealed a flaky structure with porosity over 80%. The pore size decreased when increasing the glass content up to 15 wt%, but increased back when the glass content was 30 wt%. Similarly, the mechanical properties (in compression) of the scaffolds increased for glass content up to 15%, but decreased at higher loading. Ions released from the scaffolds were found to lead to precipitation of a calcium phosphate reactive layer at the scaffold surface. This is a first indication of the potential bioactivity of these materials. Overall, chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds were successfully produced with pore size, machinability, and ability to promote a calcium phosphate layer, showing promise for bone tissue engineering and the mechanical properties can justify their use in non-load bearing applications.

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Lin, Zefeng, Wendong Gao, Limin Ma, Hong Xia, Weihan Xie, Yu Zhang, and Xiaofeng Chen. "Preparation and properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass nanofibre membranes for skin tissue engineering." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 33, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911517715659.

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Poly(ε-caprolactone) composite nanofibres for skin tissue engineering and regeneration applications were prepared via electrospinning of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibres with bioactive glass nanoparticles at bioactive glass contents of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%. The surface properties, water absorptivities, porosities, mechanical properties and biocompatibilities of the composite electrospun nanofibres were characterised in detail. Addition of bioactive glass improved the hydrophilicity and elastic modulus of membranes. The fibre diameter of the neat poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibres was only 700 nm, but reinforcement with 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt% bioactive glass nanofibres increased the diameter to 1000, 1100, 900 and 800 nm, respectively. The minimum elongation at break of the bioactive glass–reinforced poly(ε-caprolactone) exceeded 100%, which indicated that the composite nanofibres had good mechanical properties. The porosities of the various nanofibres containing different mass loadings of bioactive glass all exceeded 90%. The best performance in terms of cell proliferation and adhesion was found when the bioactive glass mass percent reached 6 wt%. However, higher loadings were unfavourable for cell growth. These preliminary results indicate that poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass composite nanofibres have promise for skin tissue engineering applications.

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Kontonasaki, Eleana, Lambrini Papadopoulou, T. Zorba, E. Siarampi, K. Papazisis, A. Kortsaris, Konstantinos M. Paraskevopoulos, and Petros Koidis. "Effect of Bioactive Glass/Cement Weight Ratio on Bioactivity and Biocompatibility of a Bioactive Glass Modified Glass Ionomer Cement." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.877.

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The bioactivity of a glass ionomer luting cement (Ketac®-cem, ESPE, Germany), which was modified by Bioglass® (PerioGlas® Synthetic Bone Graft Particulate, US Biomaterials) in different bioglass/powder weight ratios, and the biocompatibility of the produced mixtures were evaluated in this study using different cell lines. The incorporation of Bioglass® in the cement structure resulted in the formation of sparsely located biological apatite aggregations. However, although Bioglass® incorporation seemed to enhance cell proliferation, the materials became eventually brittle and highly soluble depending on Bioglass® amount.

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Cabanas-Polo, Sandra, and Aldo R. Boccaccini. "Understanding Bioactive Glass Powder Suspensions for Electrophoretic Deposition of Bioactive Glass-Polymer Coatings." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 162, no. 11 (2015): D3077—D3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0211511jes.

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Ponnada, Naveena, Praveen D, Girija S. Sajjan, P. N. V. Manohar, B V Sindhuja, and K. Meghana Varma. "Biomaterials in endodontics: a review." International Journal of Dental Materials 05, no. 02 (2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37983/ijdm.2023.5204.

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Biomaterials have evolved over the past three decades and are relatively specialized, highly biocompatible, but low-strength dental materials. Bioactive materials can interact with living tissues or systems. The newly emerging bioactive category of dental materials has expanded clinical uses in restorative dentistry and endodontics. Examples of bioactive materials are Calcium Silicate containing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Portland cement); Calcium Silicate cements lacking aluminium and containing phosphate: Bioagrregate, iRoot SP and iRoot BP (Endosequence), Calcium Silicate cements containing predominantly Tricalcium Silicate: Bio-active Glass, Calcium Phosphate based materials: Tricalcium Phosphate, Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Phosphate cements and Calcium Aluminate based materials: GIC based luting cements; Bioactive Glass. Other biomimetic materials include Emdogain, Platelet Rich Plasma, Platelet Rich Fibrin, Bone grafts and barrier membranes. Thus, the objective of this review was to compare and review the composition, and properties of these bioactive materials in endodontics

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Ladrón de Guevara-Fern, S. "Bioactive glass-polymer materials for controlled release of ibuprofen." Biomaterials 24, no. 22 (October 2003): 4037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00279-5.

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Borrajo, Jacinto P., Pio González, Julia Serra, Sara Liste, Stefano Chiussi, Betty León, Alejandro de Carlos, Francisco M. Varela-Feria, Julian Martínez-Fernández, and António Ramirez de Arellano-López. "Biomorphic Silicon Carbide Ceramics Coated with Bioactive Glass for Medical Applications." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.970.

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There is a need to develop new tough bioactive materials capable to withstand high loads when implanted in the body and with improved fixation, which led to the production of bioactive coatings on metallic substrates. A new approach, which consists of biomorphic silicon carbide (SiC) coated with bioactive glass, was recently presented. This new material joins the high mechanical strength, lightness and porosity of biomorphic SiC, and the bioactive properties of PLD glass films. In this work, a multiple evaluation in terms of biocompatibility of this new material was carried out starting from the biomorphic SiC morphology and porosity, following with the bioactivity of the coatings in simulated body fluid, and ending with a deep biocompatibility study with MG-63 cells. Different ranges of porosity and pore size were offered by the biomorphic SiC depending on the starting wood. The PLD glassy coatings had a high bioactivity in vitro and both the biomorphic SiC coated and uncoated presented high levels of biocompatibility.

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Goudouri, Ourania Menti, Eleana Kontonasaki, Nikolaos Kantiranis, Xanthippi Chatzistavrou, Lambrini Papadopoulou, Petros Koidis, and Konstantinos M. Paraskevopoulos. "A Bioactive Glass/Dental Porcelain System by the Sol Gel Route: Fabrication and Characterization." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.95.

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Melt derived bioactive glass- porcelain system is reported to be bioactive but with a slow rate of bioactivity. The aim of this work is to fabricate and characterize bioactive glass/dental porcelain composites produced by the sol-gel method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) were used to characterize the fabricated materials. The FTIR spectra and the XRD patterns confirm the presence of both constituents in the mixtures, while the dominant crystal phases in bioactive glass/dental porcelain specimens are leucite and wollastonite.

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Bogdanov, B. I., P. S. Pashev, J. H. Hristov, and I. G. Markovska. "Bioactive fluorapatite-containing glass ceramics." Ceramics International 35, no. 4 (May 2009): 1651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2008.07.021.

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Al-eesa, N. A., S. Diniz Fernandes, R. G. Hill, F. S. L. Wong, U. Jargalsaikhan, and S. Shahid. "Remineralising fluorine containing bioactive glass composites." Dental Materials 37, no. 4 (April 2021): 672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.004.

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Hirao, Kazuyuki, Yasuhiko Benino, Jun Matsuoka, and Naohiro Soga. "Inelastic deformation of bioactive glass-ceramics." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 40, no. 4-5 (January 1991): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(91)90241-r.

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Ni, Shirong, Ruilin Du, and Siyu Ni. "The Influence of Na and Ti on theIn VitroDegradation and Bioactivity in 58S Sol-Gel Bioactive Glass." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/730810.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Na and Ti on thein vitrodegradation and bioactivity in the 58S bioactive glass. The degradation was evaluated through the activation energy of Si ion release from bioactive glasses and the weight loss of bioactive glasses in Tris-HCl buffer solution. Thein vitrobioactivity of the bioactive glasses was investigated by analysis of apatite-formation ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). The results showed that Na in the 58S glass accelerated the dissolution rate of the glass, whereas Ti in the 58S glass slowed down the rate of glass solubility. Bioactivity tests showed that Na in glass increased the apatite-forming ability in SBF. In contrast, Ti in glass retards the apatite formation at the initial stage of SBF soaking but does not affect the growth of apatite after long periods of soaking.

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Carneiro, Elsa Reis, Ana Sofia Coelho, Inês Amaro, Anabela Baptista Paula, Carlos Miguel Marto, José Saraiva, Manuel Marques Ferreira, Luís Vilhena, Amílcar Ramalho, and Eunice Carrilho. "Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of a Bioactive Composite Resin." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 8256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178256.

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Despite developments and advances in dental materials which allow for greater restorative performance, there are still challenges and questions regarding the formulation of new compositions and chemical reactions of materials used in restorative dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the mechanical and tribological characteristics of a bioactive resin, a composite resin, and a glass ionomer. Twenty specimens of each material were divided into two groups: one control group (n = 10), not subjected to thermocycling, and one test group (n = 10) submitted to thermocycling. The Vickers microhardness test was carried out and surface roughness was evaluated. The tribological sliding indentation test was chosen. The bioactive resin had the lowest hardness, followed by the composite resin, and the glass ionomer. The bioactive resin also showed greater resistance to fracture. For the tribological test, the wear rate was lower for the bioactive resin, followed by the composite resin, and the glass ionomer. The bioactive resin presented a smooth surface without visible cracks, while the other materials presented a brittle peeling of great portions of material. Thus, the bioactive resin performs better in relation to fracture toughness, wear rate and impact absorption than the composite resin and much better than the glass ionomer.

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Mousavinasab, Sayed Mostafa, Maryam Khoroushi, Fateme Keshani, and Shirin Hashemi. "Flexural Strength and Morphological Characteristics of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Containing Bioactive Glass." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 1 (2011): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1008.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Recent advances in dental materials have led to the production of smart materials. Recently, addition of bioactive materials to glass-ionomer cements has resulted in new capabilities beyond the beneficial effects of fluoride release. This in vitro study compared the flexural strengths (FS) of a resin-modified glass-ionomer containing bioactive glass (RMGIBAG) with that of a commonly used resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI). Methods and materials A total of forty RMGI and RMGI-BAG bars (20 × 4 × 4 mm) were prepared in stainless steel molds. Each of the RMGI and RMGI-BAG bars was set for FS test. FS values of the specimens were measured using three-point bending test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The surface changes and the amounts of elements on the materials’ surfaces were also evaluated by SEM/EDS analyses. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 and t-test (a = 0.05). Results The means ± SD in the study groups were 61.46 ± 22.52 and 39.90 ± 9.11 MPa respectively. There were significant differences between FS of the two study groups (p = 0.003). Conclusion While adding 20 wt% of BAG to the RMGI powder evaluated in this study decreases FS of the material significantly, the mean value of FS is in the acceptable range of the reported FS values for conventional GIs and RMGIs that are commercially available for clinical use. Clinical significance While flexural strength of RMGI decreases subsequent to addition of bioactive glass, it is still clinically acceptable considering the flexural strength values reported for clinically used GIs and RMGIs. Further studies are recommended. How to cite this article Mousavinasab SM, Khoroushi M, Keshani F, Hashemi S. Flexural Strength and Morphological Characteristics of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Containing Bioactive Glass. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):41-46.

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Dukle, Amey, Dhanashree Murugan, Arputharaj Joseph Nathanael, Loganathan Rangasamy, and Tae-Hwan Oh. "Can 3D-Printed Bioactive Glasses Be the Future of Bone Tissue Engineering?" Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081627.

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According to the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, cases of bone fracture or injury have increased to 33.4% in the past two decades. Bone-related injuries affect both physical and mental health and increase the morbidity rate. Biopolymers, metals, ceramics, and various biomaterials have been used to synthesize bone implants. Among these, bioactive glasses are one of the most biomimetic materials for human bones. They provide good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteointegrative properties. Owing to these properties, various composites of bioactive glasses have been FDA-approved for diverse bone-related and other applications. However, bone defects and bone injuries require customized designs and replacements. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) printing of bioactive glass composites has the potential to provide customized bone implants. This review highlights the bottlenecks in 3D printing bioactive glass and provides an overview of different types of 3D printing methods for bioactive glass. Furthermore, this review discusses synthetic and natural bioactive glass composites. This review aims to provide information on bioactive glass biomaterials and their potential in bone tissue engineering.

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Makanjuola, John, and Sanjukta Deb. "Chemically Activated Glass-Ionomer Cements as Bioactive Materials in Dentistry: A Review." Prosthesis 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2023): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis5010024.

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The prospect of repair, regeneration, and remineralisation of the tooth tissue is currently transitioning from the exploratory stages to successful clinical applications with materials such as dentine substitutes that offer bioactive stimulation. Glass-ionomer or polyalkenoate cements are widely used in oral healthcare, especially due to their ability to adhere to the tooth structure and fluoride-releasing capacity. Since glass-ionomer cements exhibit an inherent ability to adhere to tooth tissue, they have been the subject of modifications to enhance bioactivity, biomineralisation, and their physical properties. The scope of this review is to assess systematically the modifications of glass-ionomer cements towards bioactive stimulation such as remineralisation, integration with tissues, and enhancement of antibacterial properties.

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NAKAJIMA, Kiichi, and Toshihiro KASUGA. "Zirconia-Toughened Bioactive Glass-Ceramics." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 97, no. 1123 (1989): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.97.256.

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Mahato, Arnab, Biswanath Kundu, Prasenjit Mukherjee, and Samit Kumar Nandi. "Applications of Different Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Materials for Osteoconductivity and Osteoinductivity." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 76, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.2017.1360799.

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Mohd Zain, Nurul Shazwani, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Tuti Katrina Abdullah, Siti Noorfazliah Mohd Noor, and Ahmad Kamil Fakhruddin Mokhtar. "The Performance of Lime Sludge Added Bioactive Glass in the Formation of HA Layer." Key Engineering Materials 694 (May 2016): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.694.184.

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Lime sludge (LS) is a solid waste from lime making industry and normally disposed in landfill or recycled. LS has been studied as one of the raw materials in various ceramic productions such as bricks, ceramic tiles and glass-ceramics. In this study, LS was utilized in the preparation of bioactive glass using the 45S5 bioactive glass. The 45S5 bioactive glass contains SiO2 (45 wt.%), Na2O (24.5 wt.%), CaO (24.5 wt.%) and P2O5 (6 wt.%). It has the ability to bond with soft tissue and promote bone growth. The LS was combined with bioactive glass as a potential replacement of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The ratio between LS:CaO was varied (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) to study the effect of LS weight percentage on the bioctive glass. The preparations of bioactive glasses involved batching, mixing, melting at 1400 °C, water quench and milling. LS was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the fabricated glasses were characterized using particle size analyzer, XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results proved that the phase and chemical composition of bioactive glass were not affected by the addition of LS. The XRD and SEM results indicated that the addition of lime sludge in bioactive glass was effective to promote the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) layer.

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Waltimo, T., T. J. Brunner, M. Vollenweider, W. J. Stark, and M. Zehnder. "Antimicrobial Effect of Nanometric Bioactive Glass 45S5." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 8 (August 2007): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600813.

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Most recent advances in nanomaterials fabrication have given access to complex materials such as SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 bioactive glasses in the form of amorphous nanoparticles of 20- to 60-nm size. The clinically interesting antimicrobial properties of commercially available, micron-sized bioactive glass 45S5 have been attributed to the continuous liberation of alkaline species during application. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, based on its more than ten-fold higher specific surface area, nanometric bioactive glass releases more alkaline species, and consequently displays a stronger antimicrobial effect, than the currently applied micron-sized material. Ionic dissolution profiles were monitored in simulated body fluid. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against clinical isolates of enterococci from persisting root canal infections. The shift from micron- to nano-sized treatment materials afforded a ten-fold increase in silica release and solution pH elevation by more than three units. Furthermore, the killing efficacy was substantially higher with the new material against all tested strains.

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Bellucci, Devis, Elena Veronesi, Valentina Strusi, Tiziana Petrachi, Alba Murgia, Ilenia Mastrolia, Massimo Dominici, and Valeria Cannillo. "Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Combined with a New Strontium-Enriched Bioactive Glass: An ex-vivo Model for Bone Regeneration." Materials 12, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213633.

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A 3D cellular model that mimics the potential clinical application of a biomaterial is here applied for the first time to a bioactive glass, in order to assess its biological potential. A recently developed bioactive glass (BGMS10), whose composition contained strontium and magnesium, was produced in the form of granules and fully investigated in terms of biocompatibility in vitro. Apart from standard biological characterization (Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) testing and biocompatibility as per ISO10993), human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BM-MSCs) were used to investigate the performance of the bioactive glass granules in an innovative 3D cellular model. The results showed that BGMS10 supported human BM-MSCs adhesion, colonization, and bone differentiation. Thus, bioactive glass granules seem to drive osteogenic differentiation and thus look particularly promising for orthopedic applications, bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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MROZEK, PIOTR. "BIOACTIVE GLASS PARTICLES FIELD-ASSISTED SEALING TO TITANIUM IMPLANT GLASS-BASED COATINGS." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 01 (February 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x09012457.

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This paper reports for the first time the use of field-assisted sealing for bioactive implant coating applications. Field-assisted sealing (anodic bonding) of bioactive glass particles to bioinert glass enamel coating of titanium implant was investigated. Biocompatible titanium oxide interlayer was fabricated by deep thermal oxidation of 80 nm thick Ti thin film previously vacuum evaporated onto polished bioactive glass surface. Bioactive glass particle was anodically bonded via the interlayer to polished surface of bioinert glass enamel coating vacuum deposited onto Ti plate at 860°C. A total of 20 min preheating time with constant temperature increase rate, 5 min bonding time, and 100 V DC voltage were applied during field-assisted bond formation at 530°C in air.

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Greenspan, David. "Bioglass at 50 – A look at Larry Hench’s legacy and bioactive materials." Biomedical Glasses 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0014.

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Abstract In 1969, fifty years ago, a young professor of ceramic engineering created a 4-component glass to be used as a bone replacement material. That material became known as “Bioglass” and more generally as a class of materials known as bioactive glass. Those first experiments conducted by Dr. Larry Hench completely shifted the paradigm of how the biomaterials and medical communities look at the interactions between inorganic materials and tissues in the body. This article will touch on just a few highlights of the development of bioactive glasses and relate those to the concepts of bioactivity and tissue bonding.

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Velasco, Martha V., Marina T. Souza, Murilo C. Crovace, Adilson J. Aparecido de Oliveira, and Edgar D. Zanotto. "Bioactive magnetic glass-ceramics for cancer treatment." Biomedical Glasses 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 148–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0013.

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Abstract After five decades of research on bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, these materials became of considerable interest due to their revolutionary potential for numerous health applications, including cancer treatment. One advantage of glass-ceramics compared with other materials – such as metallic alloys and polymers – is their capability of being highly bioactive and, if desired, containing magnetic phases. Hyperthermia (HT) is an alternative for treating cancer; the strategy is to increase the temperature of the tumor using an external magnetic field that increases the temperature of an implanted magnetic material, which works as an internal heat source. This local increase of temperature, ideally to ~43°C, could kill cancer cells in situ without damaging the healthy surrounding tissue. To achieve such goal, a material that presents a balance between proper magnetic properties and bioactivity is necessary for the safe applicability and successful performance of the HT treatment. Certainly, achieving this ideal balance is the main challenge. In this article we review the state-of-the-art on glass-ceramics intended for HT, and explore the current difficulties in their use for cancer treatment, starting with basic concepts and moving onto recent developments and challenges.

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Zhang, Xuanyu, Minhui Zhang, and Jian Lin. "Effect of pH on the In Vitro Degradation of Borosilicate Bioactive Glass and Its Modulation by Direct Current Electric Field." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 7015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15197015.

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Controlled ion release and mineralization of bioactive glasses are essential to their applications in bone regeneration. Tuning the chemical composition and surface structure of glasses are the primary means of achieving this goal. However, most bioactive glasses exhibit a non-linear ion release behavior. Therefore, modifying the immersion environment of glasses through external stimuli becomes an approach. In this study, the ion release and mineralization properties of a borosilicate bioactive glass were investigated in the Tris buffer and K2HPO4 solutions with different pH. The glass had a faster ion release rate at a lower pH, but the overly acidic environment was detrimental to hydroxyapatite production. Using a direct current (DC) electric field as an external stimulus, the pH of the immersion solution could be modulated within a narrow range, thereby modulating ion release from the glass. As a result, significant increases in ion release were observed after three days, and the development of porous mineralization products on the glass surface after six days. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the DC electric field in modulating the ion release of the bioactive glass in vitro and provides a potential way to regulate the degradation of the glass in vivo.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BIOACTIVE GLASS MATERIALS'

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