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Bakshi, Subhodeep, Karan Ingale, Atishay Jain, and S. Karuppudiyan. "Design and Development of Bio-Sensitive Robotic Arm using Gesture Control." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 912 (September 12, 2020): 032062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/912/3/032062.
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Wool, Richard P., and Shana P. Bunker. "Polymer-Solid Interface Connectivity and Adhesion: Design of a Bio-Based Pressure Sensitive Adhesive." Journal of Adhesion 83, no. 10 (November 27, 2007): 907–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218460701699773.
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Ben salah, H., A. Hocini, N. Melouki, and D. Khedrouche. "Design and analysis of near infrared high sensitive metal-insulator-metal plasmonic bio-sensor." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1046, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1046/1/012003.
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Dewi, Iswari Saraswati, Endang Gati Lestari, Chaerani ,, and Rossa Yunita. "Penampilan Galur Harapan Mutan Dihaploid Padi Tipe Baru di Sulawesi Selatan." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 43, no. 2 (October 20, 2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v43i2.10408.
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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>South Sulawesi is known as one of national rice production centers. However, average productivity of rice varieties planted in that area (4.43 ton ha-1) is lower than those of rice productivity in Java (5.25 ton ha-1). The aims of this research were to evaluate agronomic characters and adaptation of 7 dihaploid mutant advanced lines of new plant type (DH-NPT) of rice at several locations in South Sulawesi. The research was conducted in 2012 at Maros, Gowa, Barru, and Pangkep. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications nested in locations. Treatment consisted of 7 DH-NPT of rice, i.e., BIO-MF115, BIO-MF116, BIO-MF125, BIO-MF130, BIO-MF133, BIO-MF151, BIO-MF153, and control varieties i.e., Fatmawati, Ciherang, and Inpari13. The results indicated that in general the lines had medium height (102.77-110.23 cm), moderate productive tiller (9-16 tiller per hill), moderate days to flower (50%), i.e., 73-76 days after sowing (DAS), earlier days to harvest (103-110 DAS), moderate panicle length (28.35-29.31 cm), large number of grain per panicle (> 250 grains) with moderate panicle fertility (63-70%), moderate 1,000 grain weight, i.e., 26.51-27.75 g, and high yield (7.51-8.09 ton ha-1). Four lines, i.e., BIO-MF116, BIO-MF130, BIO-MF151, and BIO-MF153 were stable and had wide adaptability. Other lines, i.e., BIO-MF125 and BIO-MF133 were sensitive to environmental changes, therefore they were classified as specifically adapted to favorable environment; while BIO-MF115 was not sensitive to environmental changes, and therefore it was adapted to non-favorable environment.</p><p>Keywords: adaptation, agronomic characters, rice mutant</p>
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Li, Nan, Jing Guo, Hong Shan Nie, Wei Yi, Hai Jun Liu, and Hui Xu. "Design of Embedded Bio-Impedance Analyzer Based on Digital Auto Balancing Bridge Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.396.
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This paper presented the design of a novel embedded bio-impedance analyzer based on digital auto-balancing bridge method. The hardware architecture of the system mainly consists of FPGA, ADC, DACs, USB controller and so on. Many DSP algorithms such as direct digital synthesis, digital phase sensitive demodulation, digital modulation and digital filter were implemented in FPGA to realize the auto balancing function of the bridge circuit. Simulation results show that the system has good performance from low frequency up to 10 MHz. For the advantages of cost-efficient and high stability, it is suitable for BIA application.
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Martín, Francisco Ferrero, Marta Valledor Llopis, Juan C. Campo Rodríguez, Alberto López Martínez, Ana Soldado Cabezuelo, María T. Fernández-Arguelles, and José M. Costa-Fernández. "Optoelectronic Instrumentation and Measurement Strategies for Optical Chemical (Bio)Sensing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 7849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177849.
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There is a growing interest in the development of sensitive, portable, and low-cost instrumentation for optical chemical (bio)sensing. Such instrumentation can allow real-time decision-making for industry, farmers, and researchers. The combination of optical fiber schemes, luminescence spectroscopy techniques, and new materials for sensor immobilization has allowed the growth of optical sensors. This article focuses on the development of low-cost optoelectronic instrumentation and measurement strategies for optical chemical (bio)sensing. Most of the articles in this field have focused on the chemical sensors themselves, although few have covered the design process for optoelectronic instrumentation. This article tries to fill this gap by presenting designs for real applications, as carried out by the authors. We also offer an introduction to the optical devices and optical measurement techniques used in this field to allow a full understanding of the applications.
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Liu, Li Jun, and Ying Lei. "Mechanism of Bio-Inspired Ultrasensitive Low Frequency Sensor with Mechanics Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (December 2012): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.162.
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It is essential to develop ultrasensitive low frequency sensors for efficient structural health monitoring and early warning of natural disasters. Many fishes have been reported to have acute sensitivity to low frequency. Based on the mechanism of the infrasound sensitivity of fish, mechanism of bio-inspired ultrasensitive low frequency sensor is explored by a mechanical model with gating spring hypothesis for simulating the mechanical-electricity transduction of the hair cell in fish ear. Numerical analyses of the mechanical model subject to static and dynamic loading are conducted respectively by OpenSees. Under static loading, displacement response of gating model is more sensitive to weak loading due to the opening of gating spring. Under dynamic loading, the gating model is more acute sensitive to low frequency and weak loading due to the adaptive amplification of gating spring. This mechanical function can be used as the theoretical basis for the design of ultrasensitive bio-inspired low frequency sensors.
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Engholm, Magnus, Krister Hammarling, Henrik Andersson, Mats Sandberg, and Hans-Erik Nilsson. "A Bio-Compatible Fiber Optic pH Sensor Based on a Thin Core Interferometric Technique." Photonics 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010011.
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There is an increasing demand for compact, reliable and versatile sensor concepts for pH-level monitoring within several industrial, chemical as well as bio-medical applications. Many pH sensors concepts have been proposed, however, there is still a need for improved sensor solutions with respect to reliability, durability and miniaturization but also for multiparameter sensing. Here we present a conceptual verification, which includes theoretical simulations as well as experimental evaluation of a fiber optic pH-sensor based on a bio-compatible pH sensitive material not previously used in this context. The fiber optic sensor is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometric technique, where the pH sensitive material is coated on a short, typically 20-25 mm thin core fiber spliced between two standard single mode fibers. The working principle of the sensor is simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulations are used as a guideline for the construction of the sensors that have been experimentally evaluated in different liquids with pH ranging from 1.95 to 11.89. The results are promising, showing the potential for the development of bio-compatible fiber optic pH sensor with short response time, high sensitivity and broad measurement range. The developed sensor concept can find future use in many medical- or bio-chemical applications as well as in environmental monitoring of large areas. Challenges encountered during the sensor development due to variation in the design parameters are discussed.
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Diaz-Valencia, B. F., J. R. Mejía-Salazar, Osvaldo N. Oliveira, N. Porras-Montenegro, and Pablo Albella. "Enhanced Transverse Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect in Magnetoplasmonic Crystals for the Design of Highly Sensitive Plasmonic (Bio)sensing Platforms." ACS Omega 2, no. 11 (November 8, 2017): 7682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01458.
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Huang, Shirong, Luis Antonio Panes-Ruiz, Alexander Croy, Leif Riemenschneider, Vyacheslav Khavrus, Viktor Bezugly, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti. "Supramolecular Functionalized Pristine Graphene Utilizing a Bio-Compatible Stabilizer towards Ultra-Sensitive Ammonia Detection." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10089.
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Recently, graphene has attracted intensive attention in the gas sensing field due to its high electrical conductivity as well as large specific surface areas. Lots of graphene-based gas sensors have been reported with excellent gas sensing performance. However, the sensing element materials for most of the above sensors actually consist of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) derivative rather than pristine graphene, such as rGO, rGO/metal particle, rGO/polymers, etc. Complex chemical oxidation and reduction are usually involved for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide derivatives. Even though there are some pristine graphene-based gas sensors synthesizing with the approaches of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or mechanical cleavage, the high cost of the set-up or the low productivity cannot decrease the cost of the practical sensors. In this work, we develop pristine graphene-based gas sensors utilizing flavin monocleotide sodium salt (FMNS) toward ultra-sensitive ammonia detection. The sensor has 3% response upon exposure to 10 ppm NH3 and a limit of detection of 1.6 ppm at room temperature and shows a good recovery. Raman, UV–Vis, FT-IR spectra, as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements are employed to characterize the quality of the graphene flakes, indicating a good structural quality of graphene with few defects. The effects of the concentration of graphene dispersion functionalized by FMNS on the sensing performance towards ammonia sensing were also investigated. The process is very mild, environmentally friendly, and low cost. We believe this work may pave a path to design a high-performance gas sensor with low cost and boost the application of graphene for sensing.
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Haisu, M., Uda Hashim, and Q. Humayun. "Micro-Gap Electrodes Fabrication by Low Cost Conventional Photo Lithography Technique and Surface Characterization by Nanoprofiler." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.635.
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The fabrication of sensitive and selective nanodevices is one of the important challenges for future detection of low concentration single bio molecule. The current research article is one of the attempts to achieve such sensitive and selective micro-gap electrodes by simple, low cost controllable process. Therefore high sensitive chrome mask was designed for micro-gap design transformation to wafer samples. At first the positive photoresist namely PR-1 2000A was spin coated on the samples wafer at different rotation speed. Then by implementation of low cost conventional photolithography technique an initial structure of micro-gap was patterned on wafer sample. Finally by using surface Nanoprofiler the thickness of resist coated wafer samples were investigated. The obtained results show that the thickness of the resist is directly related with spin coating speed of spin coater.
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Yuzbashev, T. V., A. S. Fedorov, F. V. Bondarenko, A. S. Savchenko, T. V. Vybornaya, S. S. Filippova, and S. P. Sineoky. "Glutamyl and Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetases Are a Promising Target for the Design of Threonine-Producing Strain." Biotekhnologiya 35, no. 6 (2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-6-39-50.
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The present work describes an approach that improves the properties of the strain producing L-threonine via the reduction in the biomass accumulation during fermentation. Glutamyl- and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases were chosen as targets. Mutants carrying temperature-sensitive alleles were obtained. It was shown that the used system caused the suppression of the function of tRNA synthetases which led to a rapid arrest of the culture growth, and an increase in productivity and yield of the L-threonine synthesis. One of the temperature-sensitive strains was used to obtain under non-permissive conditions of mutants with the suppressed above phenotype. Some of these mutants accumulate less biomass and produce by 10-12% more threonine than the original strain. Escherichia coli, producing strain, threonine, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ts-mutation This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project code RFMEFI61017X0011), and it was carried out using the equipment of the National Bio-Resource Center All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms, NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIgenetika.
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Adam, Tijjani, U. Hashim, and M. Wesam Al-Mufti. "Design and Fabrication of PDMS Microchamber for Fast Reaction Assays in Biosensing Application." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.329.
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A simple design of a microchamber for use in reacting assays with limited sample availability has been proposed, analyzed using COMSOL 3.5 Multiphysics simulation and fabricated using soft-lithography technique . The design is based on differential pressure drop flow using capillary effect concept which has facilitated a number of interesting flow phenomena in micro-domains. For an average pressure drop of about 100/m in the setup, flow rates of bout 0.5 to 0.8 μl/s were obtained. The component a microchamber, three designs were tested (50, 70, 90 microns in width) to give a continuous open circuit flow. The system was designed and fabricated for continuous flow across sensing element where there is a requirement for low residence time due to fast reaction/diffusion rates.Also in this paper, is a sensitive and selective, also rapid, reliable, cost-effective, and suitable for in situ analysis polymer biosensor for new bio molecular approach for cancer and cancer related diseases detection at the early stage is demonstrated.
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Orosz, Tamás, Anton Rassõlkin, Ants Kallaste, Pedro Arsénio, David Pánek, Jan Kaska, and Pavel Karban. "Robust Design Optimization and Emerging Technologies for Electrical Machines: Challenges and Open Problems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 6653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196653.
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The bio-inspired algorithms are novel, modern, and efficient tools for the design of electrical machines. However, from the mathematical point of view, these problems belong to the most general branch of non-linear optimization problems, where these tools cannot guarantee that a global minimum is found. The numerical cost and the accuracy of these algorithms depend on the initialization of their internal parameters, which may themselves be the subject of parameter tuning according to the application. In practice, these optimization problems are even more challenging, because engineers are looking for robust designs, which are not sensitive to the tolerances and the manufacturing uncertainties. These criteria further increase these computationally expensive problems due to the additional evaluations of the goal function. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the widely used optimization techniques in electrical machinery and to summarize the challenges and open problems in the applications of the robust design optimization and the prospects in the case of the newly emerging technologies.
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Lloyd, S. D., T. H. F. Wong, and B. Porter. "The planning and construction of an urban stormwater management scheme." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0111.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) offers a means to integrate stormwater best management practices into urban planning and design to achieve multiple objectives. Some of these objectives relate to stormwater drainage, water quality improvements, aquatic habitat protection, stormwater harvesting and use, and landscape amenity. The Lynbrook Estate, Australia, has incorporated bio-filtration systems and wetlands into the design of major roads, local access streets and parklands that attenuate and treat roof runoff and road runoff from a 32 ha, 270 allotment residential precinct. This paper outlines the process that enabled the concept of a stormwater drainage design to be translated into on-ground works. Details of the construction activities, costs and market acceptance highlight the potential for the adoption of similar practices elsewhere.
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Milosevic, Predrag. "The concept and principles of sustainable architectural design for national parks in Serbia." Spatium, no. 11 (2004): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0411091m.
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The paper elaborates the concept of sustainable architectural design that has come to the forefront in the last 20 years, and in the light of the National Park. This concept recognizes that human civilization is an integral part of the natural world and that nature must be preserved and perpetuated if the human community itself is to survive. Sustainable design articulates this idea through developments that exemplify the principles of conservation and encourage the application of those principles in our daily lives. A corollary concept, and one that supports sustainable design, is that of bio-regionalism - the idea that all life is established and maintained on a functional community basis and that all of these distinctive communities (bio-regions) have mutually supporting life systems that are generally self-sustaining. The concept of sustainable design holds that future technologies must function primarily within bioregional patterns and scales. They must maintain biological diversity and environmental integrity contribute to the health of air, water, and soils, incorporate design and construction that reflect bio-regional conditions, and reduce the impacts of human use. Sustainable design, sustainable development, design with nature environmentally sensitive design, holistic resource management - regardless of what it's called, "sustainability," the capability of natural and cultural systems being continued over time, is the key. Sustainable design must use an alternative approach to traditional design and the new design approach must recognize the impacts of every design choice on the natural and cultural resources of the local, regional, and global environments. Sustainable park and recreation development will succeed to the degree that it anticipates and manages human experiences. Interpretation provides the best single tool for shaping experiences and sharing values. By providing an awareness of the environment, values are taught that are necessary for the protection of the environment. Sustainable design will seek to affect not only immediate behaviors but also the long-term beliefs and attitudes of the visitors.
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Chomba, Haji, Ting Pan, Xinyue Zhuo, Lan Zhao, Yulin Wang, Zhao Huang, Haikael Martin, Dongchu Chen, and Libo Nie. "A Bio-Barcode Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Based on Poly T30 Copper Nanoparticle Signaling." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3837.
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Simple, cost effective, high sensitive and selective detection strategies for disease related DNA sequences in clinical diagnostics and research purposes are still on demand. Detection of DNA specific sequences of particular biomedical importance, based on electrochemical signaling, has been reported as a promising analytical approach for medical diagnostics due to its simplicity, cost effective, sensitivity, selectivity and rapidity. Herein, a simple and cost effective DNA biosensor based on poly T30 Copper Nanoparticle Signaling and biobarcode technique is presented for the first time. In this design, complementary sequence places the poly T30 modified bio-barcode probe (P2-SiO2-T30) on the sensor interface. Upon copper reduction reaction, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are clustered along the poly T30 modified bio-barcode probe (P2-SiO2-T30-CuNPs). During electrochemical measurements copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are oxidized to give current signal. This detection strategy has a detection limit of 10 pM.
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Bonnafous, J. C., M. Tence, R. Seyer, J. Marie, A. Aumelas, and S. Jard. "New probes for angiotensin II receptors. Synthesis, radioiodination and biological properties of biotinylated and haptenated angiotensin derivatives." Biochemical Journal 251, no. 3 (May 1, 1988): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2510873.
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The present work delineates the basis for chemical modifications which can be introduced on the angiotensin II (AII) molecule to design probes suitable for indirect affinity techniques, especially for receptor purification. Using the solid-phase synthesis strategy, biotin or dinitrophenyl moieties have been added at the N-terminus of AII, with aminohexanoic acid as spacer arm. The resulting probes, (6-biotinylamido)hexanoyl-AII (Bio-Ahx-AII) and dinitrophenylaminohexanoyl-AII (Dnp-Ahx-AII), were prepared in their monoiodinated and highly labelled radioiodinated forms, with possible sulphoxidation of biotin. In addition to their ability to interact with streptavidin and anti-Dnp antibodies respectively, the two ligands displayed almost unchanged affinities for hepatic AII receptors as compared with AII. Bio-Ahx-AII and Dnp-Ahx-AII behaved as agonists on several AII-sensitive systems. The potential applications of these probes, receptor purification, cell labelling and sorting and histochemical receptor visualization, are discussed.
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S S, Ajey, P. C Srikanth, Dr D N Nagalaxmi, Dr V R Krishnamurthy, and N. Chandra Shekar. "Design and Analysis for the presence of Bacillus cereus in blood using Plasmons." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24312.
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The Photonic Waveguide biosensors are used for detection and analysis of bio-analyte. These photonic waveguides use Plasmon vibrations technique for detection of the analyte by combining biological components with physicochemical detector. FDTD which stands for finite difference time domain is used for designing a 2- D Surface Plasmonic Resonance based photonic waveguide-based biosensor for detection of the Micro-bacteria named Bacillus cereus in order to find the toxicity in the blood. For modelling and designing the photonic waveguide sensor, Rsoft CAD simulation tool is used. Monitor values, wavelength and Frequency spectrums have been observed and by using these parameters Sensitivity is calculated. A slight variation in the refractive index leads to a substantial change in the frequency which can be seen in the band structure, therefore the designed structure behaves as sensor. Therefore, designed sensor is greatly sensitive to the modifications in RI and hence it discriminates among the dissimilar constituents of the analyte.
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Skreli, Engjell, Drini Imami, Catherine Chan-Halbrendt, Maurizio Canavari, Edvin Zhllima, and Ergent Pire. "Assessing consumer preferences and willingness to pay for organic tomatoes in Albania: a conjoint choice experiment study." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): e0114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017153-9889.
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Albania has potential for developing the organic agriculture sector; however, it is a new industry and constraints abound including lack of consumer preferences information for organic food. Knowledge on consumer preferences and behaviour toward organic (bio) products is crucial for market development benefiting potential entrepreneurs and government policies. They need to know the preference for preferred product attributes and willingness to pay. Tomato, which is the most important vegetable in terms of consumption and production in Albania, is the subject of this study. A conjoint choice experiment with the most important product attributes: production type (bio vs. conventional), production system (open field vs. greenhouse), origin and price were used to design the choice surveys. Four distinct classes have been identified as significant using latent class analysis. The classes are summarized as: bio-ready consumers, price sensitive consumers, variety seeking consumers and quality seeking consumers. Origin played a small influence on preference. Education and income did show some influence on preference for organic tomatoes. Although the organic food market in Albania is in its infancy stage, organic tomatoes are clearly preferred and many consumers are willing to pay a premium price.
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Maluf, Renato Sergio, Luciene Burlandy, Mariana Santarelli, Vanessa Schottz, and Juliana Simões Speranza. "Nutrition-sensitive agriculture and the promotion of food and nutrition sovereignty and security in Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20, no. 8 (August 2015): 2303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015208.14032014.
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AbstractThis paper explores the possibilities of the nutrition-sensitive agriculture approach in the context of the programs and actions towards promoting food and nutrition sovereignty and security in Brazil. To analyze the links between nutrition and agriculture, this paper presents the conceptual framework related to food and nutrition security, and stresses the correlations among concepts, institutional structures and program design in Brazil. Dominant models of food production and consumption are scrutinized in the light of these relationships. This paper also highlights differences amongst different ways to promote nutrition-sensitive agriculture through food-acquisition programs from family farmers, experiences in agro-ecology and bio-fortification programs. In the closing remarks, the paper draws some lessons learned from the Brazilian experience that highlight the advantages of family farming and rapid food production, distribution and consumption cycles in order to promote access to an affordable, diversified and more adequate diet in nutritional terms.
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Jufri, Afifah Farida, Sudradjat ,, and And Eko Sulistyono. "Effects of Dry Spirulina platensis and Antitranspirant on Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 44, no. 2 (October 4, 2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v44i2.13486.
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ABSTRACT<br /><br />Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant is very sensitive to nutrient deficiences. The alternative effective approach is trough application of bio stimulator. The objective of this research was to study the effect of Spirulina platensis dry biomass and antiranspirant on chili pepper growth and yield. This research was conducted at Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, West Java Indonesia from February to July 2014. The experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot design with three replications. The main plot was S. platensis application which consisted of two levels, i.e., without S. platensis (control) and with S. platensis application (S1). The subplot was antitranspirant which consisted of three levels of interval application, there were without antitranspirant (A0), weekly (A1) and fortnightly (A2). The results showed that application of S. platensis and antitranspirant had no significant effect on physiological responses, vegetative growth and yield components. Application of S. platensis and antitranspirant weekly on chili pepper increased marketable product by 2.1%..<br /><br />Keywords: S. platensis, bio stimulator, nutrient<br /><br />
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Çetin, Sıdıka, and Ayse Betul Gokarslan. "Sustainable Architecture in Rural Yayla Settlements." Open House International 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2014-b0003.
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Traditional architectural forms and structures develop under the influence of such physical and non-physical determinants as climate, topography structure, socio-cultural values, economy and technology, and are based on centuries of accumulated knowledge. This study is an analysis of the rural Yayla settlements of four towns in the province of Antalya, located on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast. The southern inclines of the Taurus Mountain range facing the Mediterranean, are host to number of rural settlements at different altitudes that bear some region-specific architectural features. This study aims to understand settlement pattern and house design features that have developed under the specific climate, socio-cultural and socio-economic conditions of the traditional households in rural yaylas in the different bio-climatic zones of the region. The study has revealed that designs have developed over time to result in spaces that are comfortable and climate sensitive, and which attribute importance to the local resources, economy and culture; and that the housing designs have developed offer natural means of heat control and ventilation. The new understanding offered in this paper may contribute to the conservation of the local cultural features of the area, allowing their sustainable perpetuation into the future and serving as examples of good design practise for future settlements
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Penteado, Alberto Teixeira, Giovanna Lovato, Abigail Pérez Ortiz, Erik Esche, José Alberto Domingues Rodrigues, Hamid Reza Godini, Alvaro Orjuela, Jūlija Gušča, and Jens-Uwe Repke. "Economic Potential of Bio-Ethylene Production via Oxidative Coupling of Methane in Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion of Industrial Effluents." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091613.
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Brazil’s large biofuels industry generates significant amounts of effluents, e.g., vinasse from bioethanol, that can effectively be used as substrate for production of biogas via Anaerobic Digestion (AD). The Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) is the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of methane into ethylene, which is a main building block for the chemical industry. This work investigates the potential and competitiveness of bio-ethylene production via OCM using biogas produced by biological anaerobiosis of vinasse as a feedstock. The proposed process can add incentive to treat of vinasse via AD and replace fossil ethylene, thus potentially reducing emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). A process model is developed in Aspen Plus v10 software and used to design an economic Biogas-based Oxidative Coupling of Methane (Bio-OCM) process that consumes biogas and oxygen as educts and produces ethylene, ethane, and light off-gases as products. Operating conditions in the reaction section are optimized and a reaction product yield of 16.12% is reached by applying two adiabatic Packed Bed Reactors (PBRs) in series. For the downstream CO2 removal section, a standalone amine-absorption process is simulated and compared to a hybrid membrane-absorption process on an economic basis. For the distillation section, two different configurations with and without Recycle Split Vapor (RSV) are simulated and compared. The bio-ethylene production cost for a Bio-OCM plant to be installed in Brazil is estimated considering a wide range of prices for educts, utility, side products, and equipment within a Monte Carlo simulation. The resulting average production cost of bio-ethylene is 0.53 ±0.73 USD.kgC2H4-1. The production cost is highly sensitive to the sales price assigned to a light off-gas side-product stream containing mostly the un-reacted methane. A sales price close to that of Brazilian pipeline natural gas has been assumed based on the characteristics of this stream. The Monte Carlo simulation shows that a bio-ethylene production cost below or equal to 0.70 USD.kgC2H4-1 is achieved with a 55.2% confidence, whereas market values for fossil ethylene typically lie between 0.70USD.kgC2H4-1–1.50USD.kgC2H4-1. Technical and economic challenges for the industrial implementation of the proposed Bio-OCM process are identified and relevant opportunities for further research and improvement are discussed.
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Power, Aoife C., Brian Gorey, Shaneel Chandra, and James Chapman. "Carbon nanomaterials and their application to electrochemical sensors: a review." Nanotechnology Reviews 7, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2017-0160.
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AbstractCarbon has long been applied as an electrochemical sensing interface owing to its unique electrochemical properties. Moreover, recent advances in material design and synthesis, particularly nanomaterials, has produced robust electrochemical sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most extensively studied nanostructures because of their unique properties. In terms of electroanalysis, the ability of CNTs to augment the electrochemical reactivity of important biomolecules and promote electron transfer reactions of proteins is of particular interest. The remarkable sensitivity of CNTs to changes in surface conductivity due to the presence of adsorbates permits their application as highly sensitive nanoscale sensors. CNT-modified electrodes have also demonstrated their utility as anchors for biomolecules such as nucleic acids, and their ability to diminish surface fouling effects. Consequently, CNTs are highly attractive to researchers as a basis for many electrochemical sensors. Similarly, synthetic diamonds electrochemical properties, such as superior chemical inertness and biocompatibility, make it desirable both for (bio) chemical sensing and as the electrochemical interface for biological systems. This is highlighted by the recent development of multiple electrochemical diamond-based biosensors and bio interfaces.
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,, Usman, Bambang Sapta Purwoko, Muhamad Syukur, and Dan Dwi Guntoro. "Toleransi Galur Harapan Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Persaingan dengan Gulma Echinochloa crus-galli." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 44, no. 2 (October 4, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v44i2.13476.
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<em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) is a major weed competitor to rice production in Indonesia. In order to develop integrated weed management program, a research to select competitive rice lines to E. crus-galli was conducted in a green house of Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development Bogor. The research design was split plot with four replications, E. crus-galli was designed as the main plot (rice without E. crus-galli compared rice with four E. crus-galli per pot), and the sub-plots were 25 genotypes (23 lines, 1 tolerant variety and 1 sensitive variety). Level of tolerance was determined by the reduction percentage of grains weight, the number of productive tillers and dry matter weight. The results showed that rice competition with E. crus-galli reduced plant height, productive tiller numbers, filled spikelet numbers per panicle, dry matter weight and dry grain weight. Three lines, i.e., IR10L-155, IR10L-133 and BIO-R84-1 were classified as tolerant, 19 lines were moderate and 3 lines were sensitive to E. crus-galli competition.<br /><br />Keywords: Barnyard grass, competition, sensitive line, yield reduction </em>
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Schloss, John V., and Ann Aulabaugh. "Acetolactate Synthase and Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase: Targets for Herbicides Obtained by Screening and de novo Design." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0542.
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Several major classes of herbicides, discovered by conventional screening techniques, have been found to inhibit the first common enzyme of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, acetolactate synthase, as their mode of action. These herbicides seem to bind to an evolutionary vestige of a quinone-binding site, extraneous to the active site, that is present due to the evolutionary history of this enzyme. Besides their herbicidal effect on sensitive plants, these compounds can effect stasis in the growth of bacteria and yeast. Recently is has been reported that an experimental herbicide from Hoechst. Hoe 704. that was discovered by conventional screening techniques, inhibits the second common enzyme of branched-chain amino acid bio- synthesis [Schultz etal., FEBS Lett. 238, 375-378 (1988)]. We have also recently designed novel reaction-intermediate analogs (e.g. N-isopropyl oxalylhydroxamate) that arc exceptionally potent (Ki = 22 pM: half-time for release approximately six days) and selective inhibitors of the second common enzyme, ketol-acid reductoisomerase. Both of these selective inhibitors of the second common enzyme will kill sensitive plants, but will only inhibit the growth (without killing) of bacteria. The effects in bacteria parallel those obtained by mutations in the relevant genes, where loss of either the first or second common enzyme in the pathway gives an organ- ism that is auxotrophic for branched-chain amino acids, but does not result in a conditionally lethal phenotype. Higher plant mutants have only been obtained to date that arc deficient in functional leucine-specific gene products (as yet uncharacterized), threonine deaminase (isoleucine specific), and dihydroxyacid dehydratase (common). The phenotypes of these mutants. at least at the level of cell culture, are similar to those of their bacterial counterparts, in that auxotrophy, but not conditional lethality, is obtained. These results highlight the potential non-equality of the enzymes of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis as targets in herbicide design.
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Wang, Fu Jen, Jung Chieh Chang, Kuo Chien Lin, and Yat Huang Yau. "Performance Testing of a Thermoelectric Cooler for Medical Application." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1537.
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Thermoelectric cooler has the advantage of being portable, simple, compact, noiseless, reliable, and environmentally benign. It is quite suitable for transporting and storage for bio-medical products (such as vaccine and blood) which are very sensitive to temperature variation. However, the coefficient of performances (COP) and the cooling capacity of the thermoelectric coolers available in the open market are relatively low. In this study, the effort will be focused on the design of the heat transfer aspect for a thermoelectric blood cooler specific for bio-medical application. Optimized thickness at 0.0025m of a plate fin with length at 0.598m could be obtained through heat transfer analysis. Performance tests have been conducted to investigate the influence of cabinet temperature in the thermoelectric blood cooler. Experimental tests revealed the optimized plate fin can provide satisfactory cooling performance, and to cool down the cabinet until 2°C within 40 minutes. Some tests including different voltage input, loading condition and ambient temperature tests for blood storage have been conducted as well to validate the quality of blood cold chain storage. It is expected that the developed thermoelectric cooler for blood cold chain system will perform stable cold storage and precise temperature control specific for medical application.
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Azizi, Salar, and Dariush Mowla. "CFD Modeling of Algae Flash Pyrolysis in the Batch Fluidized Bed Reactor Including Heat Carrier Particles." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 463–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2014-0185.
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AbstractThe algae biomass is one of the potential biomass resources for extracting lipid to produce fuel. The off grade or residuals of dehydrated algae particles can be used in pyrolysis reactions to produce fuel or useful chemicals. Due to higher ash contents of algae biomass, pyrolysis process needs an appropriate design of pyrolysis reactor. The heating rate of algae biomass is a key factor for increasing of bio-oil production rate. Instead of heat transfer from reactor walls to the biomass, heated inert particles are added to the conventional fluidized bed reactor to increase heat transfer rate and yield of the bio-oil as called flash pyrolysis. The introduced pyrolysis reaction in the novel heating method of fluidized bed reactor studied numerically. For this purpose, an Eulerian-Eulerian CFD model utilized for modeling of the dehydrated algae pyrolysis in the fluidized bed reactor. The appropriate reaction rate of the algae pyrolysis is based on the heating rate, temperature sensitive activation energy and the reaction selectivity utilized to the algae pyrolysis. In addition, the segregation and density change of the biomass particles investigated in the CFD modeling to analysis mixing of the particles and corresponding heat transfer between the mixed particles. The validation of the CFD model investigated using results of prepared experimental setup.
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Hubbard, Benjamin R., Lindsay I. Putman, Stephen Techtmann, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Open Source Vacuum Oven Design for Low-Temperature Drying: Performance Evaluation for Recycled PET and Biomass." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5020052.
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Vacuum drying can dehydrate materials further than dry heat methods, while protecting sensitive materials from thermal degradation. Many industries have shifted to vacuum drying as cost- or time-saving measures. Small-scale vacuum drying, however, has been limited by the high costs of specialty scientific tools. To make vacuum drying more accessible, this study provides design and performance information for a small-scale open source vacuum oven, which can be fabricated from off-the-shelf and 3-D printed components. The oven is tested for drying speed and effectiveness on both waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and a consortium of bacteria developed for bioprocessing of terephthalate wastes to assist in distributed recycling of PET for both additive manufacturing as well as potential food. Both materials can be damaged when exposed to high temperatures, making vacuum drying a desirable solution. The results showed that the open source vacuum oven was effective at drying both plastic and biomaterials, drying at a higher rate than a hot-air dryer for small samples or for low volumes of water. The system can be constructed for less than 20% of commercial vacuum dryer costs for several laboratory-scale applications, including dehydration of bio-organisms, drying plastic for distributed recycling and additive manufacturing, and chemical processing.
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Le, Tuan-Anh, Minh Phu Bui, and Jungwon Yoon. "Theoretical Analysis for Wireless Magnetothermal Deep Brain Stimulation Using Commercial Nanoparticles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122873.
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A wireless magnetothermal stimulation (WMS) is suggested as a fast, tetherless, and implanted device-free stimulation method using low-radio frequency (100 kHz to 1 MHz) alternating magnetic fields (AMF). As magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can transduce alternating magnetic fields into heat, they are targeted to a region of the brain expressing the temperature-sensitive ion channel (TRPV1). The local temperature of the targeted area is increased up to 44 °C to open the TRPV1 channels and cause an influx of Ca2+ sensitive promoter, which can activate individual neurons inside the brain. The WMS has initially succeeded in showing the potential of thermomagnetics for the remote control of neural cell activity with MNPs that are internally targeted to the brain. In this paper, by using the steady-state temperature rise defined by Fourier’s law, the bio-heat equation, and COMSOL Multiphysics software, we investigate most of the basic parameters such as the specific loss power (SLP) of MNPs, the injection volume of magnetic fluid, stimulation and cooling times, and cytotoxic effects at high temperatures (43–44 °C) to provide a realizable design guideline for WMS.
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Mendiratta, Namrata, Suman Lata Tripathi, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, and Eklas Hossain. "Design and Analysis of Heavily Doped n+ Pocket Asymmetrical Junction-Less Double Gate MOSFET for Biomedical Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 5, 2020): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072499.
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The Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology has evolved to a great extent and is being used for different applications like environmental, biomedical, radiofrequency and switching, etc. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) based biosensors are used for detecting various enzymes, molecules, pathogens and antigens efficiently with a less time-consuming process involved in comparison to other options. Early-stage detection of disease is easily possible using Field-Effect Transistor (FET) based biosensors. In this paper, a steep subthreshold heavily doped n+ pocket asymmetrical junctionless MOSFET is designed for biomedical applications by introducing a nanogap cavity region at the gate-oxide interface. The nanogap cavity region is introduced in such a manner that it is sensitive to variation in biomolecules present in the cavity region. The analysis is based on dielectric modulation or changes due to variation in the bio-molecules present in the environment or the human body. The analysis of proposed asymmetrical junctionless MOSFET with nanogap cavity region is carried out with different dielectric materials and variations in cavity length and height inside the gate–oxide interface. Further, this device also showed significant variation for changes in different introduced charged particles or region materials, as simulated through a 2D visual Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) device simulator.
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Azab, Mohammad, Abed Nasr, Salah Obayya, and Mohamed Hameed. "DNA Hybridization Detection based on Plasmonic Photonic Crystal Fiber." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360301.
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A novel design of surface plasmon (SP) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for DNA hybridization detection is proposed and analyzed. The suggested biosensor relies on plasmonic D-shaped PCF configuration. Accordingly, the core guided mode in the silica core is coupled with the SP mode near the plasmonic layer. The resonance wavelength is sensitive to the DNA hybridization process. Therefore, the suggested bio-sensor is studied to maximize the DNA hybridization detection sensitivity by adjusting the structural geometrical parameters. The numerical results are obtained using full vectorial finite element method with perfectly matched layer boundary condition and non-uniform meshing capabilities. The reported D-shaped PCF offers high wavelength sensitivity of 405.4 nm/RIU with a corresponding amplitude sensitivity of 5.65 RIU−1. Consequently, the applications based on DNA classification can be potentially implemented by the reported biosensor.
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Humayun, Q., Uda Hashim, and Che Mohd Ruzaidi. "Structure Characterization of Low Cost Fabricated Soft Material Built Microchannel." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.578.
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To perform the entire laboratory activities on a centimeter limit scale electronic chip, the most important aspect is to fabricate a device which persist sensitive and selective for the delivery of fluids flow and have the ability to execute a fast mixing of distinctive chemicals and bio samples. To resolve this issues the current paper is one of the good struggle, therefore the objective was arranged in according to the scope of research such as; to design and fabricate a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material made, micro channel and its structure characterization for the investigation of internal subterranean area. By using an AutoCAD software the channel was first designed, however for the fabrication process the design was transferred to mask. Starting from SU-8 resist the pattern was transferred, and then by using the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) the mold was fabricated by adopting a low cost photolithography technique. Finally by employing Hawk 3 D surface nanoprofiler the structure was characterized. In our forthcoming research the device will be tested for real biological samples using a simple hand-operated inoculation technique.
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Rahman, K., and T. Weber. "Sustainable urban development in Brisbane City - the Holy Grail?" Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0673.
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Impacts from urban stormwater runoff on receiving environments have been well documented, particularly through specific regional scientific studies. Using various local government planning and management elements, urban developments in Brisbane City are now able to address stormwater management in an increasingly holistic context. One key initiative includes facilitating Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) components within an Integrated Water Management Strategy that looks at policy formation, planning strategies, design option, community marketing and acceptance, maintenance programs and finally evaluation of various WSUD approaches. These can include the use of Natural Channel Designs, grassed swales, bio-filtration systems, porous pavements and roofwater tanks in several economic combinations. By linking with the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology, Brisbane City Council has influenced the design of WSUD planning tools and benefited the city with academic inputs into extensive evaluation programs. As well, it has also contributed to the Cooperative Research Centre's research outcomes. These evaluation programs are increasingly providing better understanding of various stormwater quality best management practices throughout Australia. As part of the overall implementation process, active involvement by a range of stakeholders has been crucial. These stakeholders have included internal planning, development assessment and design staff, external consultants, developers, and other local and state government agencies. The latter two groups are assisting in the important task of “regionalisation” of Brisbane City Council's policies and guidelines. Implementation of WSUD initiatives and stormwater re-use strategies under Council's new “Integrated Water Management” agenda are showing some excellent results, suggesting that sustainable urban development is no longer like the search for the Holy Grail.
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Hu, Keling. "Bio-Based Aromatic Copolyesters: Influence of Chemical Microstructures on Thermal and Crystalline Properties." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040829.
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Aromatic copolyesters, derived from bio-based nipagin and eugenol, were synthesized with renewable 1,6-hexandiol as the spacer. Number-average, weight-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw), and polydispersity (D) values were determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Chemical microstructure analysis suggested that the nipagin and eugenol-derived units were inserted into polymer chains in an arbitrary manner. Due to the short chain of 1,6-hexanediol, the splitting of magnetically different methylene carbons, adjacent to the alcohol-oxygens, proved to be more sensitive towards sequence distributions, at the dyed level, than those from 1,10-decanediol. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that these polyester materials have excellent thermal stability (>360 °C), regardless of the content of eugenol-derived composition incorporated. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) experiments revealed the semicrystalline nature for this kind of copolyesters. The crystallinities gradually decreased with the increase of eugenol-derived composition. Thermal and crystalline properties were well discussed from the microscopic perspective. The point of this work lies in establishing guidance for future design and modification of high-performance polymer materials from the microscopic perspective.
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Bose, Anindya, and Sarthak Sengupta. "Fabrication and characterization of pillar interdigitated electrode for blood glucose sensing." Sensor Review 41, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2020-0232.
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Purpose A bio-sensor has been developed in this study for the purpose of point-of-care diagnostics. Point-of-care-diagnostic is a type of diagnosis where the diagnostic centre, i.e. the diagnosis kit is made available at the location of the patient when the patient needs immediate action. In this process of diagnosis a compact, portable, integrated kit must be available which can diagnose the disease of the patient by testing various analytes. Design/methodology/approach Using a fully experimental methodology, a blood glucose sensor is made by conducting carbon interdigitated electrode (IDE) on a flexible substrate. IDEs are used to increase the effective capacitance of the structure, as well as the effective electroactive area of the sensor. Interdigitated structure permits two-electrode sticks with “each other” and “infuse” together. As a consequence, the distance between electrodes can be tuned to a much smaller value than traditional thin-film architectures. Narrowing the distance between electrodes allows for fast ion diffusion that offers better rate capability and efficiency in power density. The fabricated device exhibits a remarkable value of sensitivity in the order of 2.741 µA mM-1 cm−2. Findings A highly sensitive, portable and inexpensive blood glucose sensor has been developed in this context. Originality/value This research study can be a scope for future research in the field of bio-sensors.
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Rossier, Nasiri Sovari, Pavic, Vojnovic, Stringer, Bättig, Smith, Nikodinovic-Runic, and Zobi. "Antiplasmodial Activity and In Vivo Bio-Distribution of Chloroquine Molecules Released with a 4-(4-Ethynylphenyl)-Triazole Moiety from Organometallo-Cobalamins." Molecules 24, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122310.
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We have explored the possibility of using organometallic derivatives of cobalamin as a scaffold for the delivery of the same antimalarial drug to both erythro- and hepatocytes. This hybrid molecule approach, intended as a possible tool for the development of multi-stage antimalarial agents, pivots on the preparation of azide-functionalized drugs which, after coupling to the vitamin, are released with a 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole functionality. Three chloroquine and one imidazolopiperazine derivative (based on the KAF156 structure) were selected as model drugs. One hybrid chloroquine conjugate was extensively studied via fluorescent labelling for in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution studies and gave proof-of-concept for the design. It showed no toxicity in vivo (zebrafish model) as well as no hepatotoxicity, no cardiotoxicity or developmental toxicity of the embryos. All 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole derivatives of chloroquine were equally active against chloroquine-resistant (CQR) and chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) Plasmodium falciparum strains.
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Kargar-Estahbanaty, Arash, Mostafa Baghani, Hamid Shahsavari, and Ghader Faraji. "A Combined Analytical–Numerical Investigation on Photosensitive Hydrogel Micro-Valves." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 07 (October 2017): 1750103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117501034.
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In this paper, employing photo-thermal sensitive (PTS) hydrogels, a photosensitive bio-compatible micro-valve is investigated. In this regard, the energy representation and governing equations of PTS hydrogels are described. Two benchmark problems common in micro-fluidic designs are solved using the presented theory, and the deformation and stress distributions are calculated. The theory is implemented into a finite element (FE) framework by developing a user-defined subroutine. To properly validate the FE model, the FE results are compared with the proposed analytical results. The confirmed numerical method is then employed to investigate two different realistic micro-valve structures. The constructions are composed of three jacket-pillar structures arranged in two different patterns. In this step, the nonlinear contact between the components of structures and presumptive rigid walls are added to the thermo-mechanical deformation of the photosensitive micro-jackets. The contact length and contact pressure are investigated. By calculating all necessary mechanical parameters, the analysis results can be utilized in the design procedure of a photosensitive micro-valve and pave the way for the industrial production of the next generation micro-fluidic devices.
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Milanowski, Bartłomiej, Hanna Wosicka-Frąckowiak, Eliza Główka, Małgorzata Sosnowska, Stanisław Woźny, Filip Stachowiak, Angelika Suchenek, and Dariusz Wilkowski. "Optimization and Evaluation of the In Vitro Permeation Parameters of Topical Products with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs through Strat-M® Membrane." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081305.
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Pharmaceutical products containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most prescribed topical formulations used for analgesic and antirheumatic properties. These drugs must overcome the skin barrier to cause a therapeutic effect. Human skin has been widely used as a model to study in vitro drug diffusion and permeation, however, it suffers from many limitations. Therefore, to perform in vitro permeation test (IVPT), we used a Strat-M® membrane with diffusion characteristics well-correlated to human skin. This study’s objective was to optimize the IVPT conditions using Plackett–Burman experimental design for bio-predictive evaluation of the in vitro permeation rates of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, etofenamate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen) across Strat-M® membrane from commercial topical formulations. The Plackett–Burman factorial design was used to screen the effect of seven factors in eight runs with one additional center point. This tool allowed us to set the sensitive and discriminative IVPT final conditions that can appropriately characterize the NSAIDs formulations. The permeation rate of etofenamate (ETF) across the Strat-M® membrane was 1.7–14.8 times faster than other NSAIDs from selected semisolids but 1.6 times slower than the ETF spray formulation.
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Pinteala, Mariana, Marc J. M. Abadie, and Radu D. Rusu. "Smart Supra- and Macro-Molecular Tools for Biomedical Applications." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153343.
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Stimuli-responsive, “smart” polymeric materials used in the biomedical field function in a bio-mimicking manner by providing a non-linear response to triggers coming from a physiological microenvironment or other external source. They are built based on various chemical, physical, and biological tools that enable pH and/or temperature-stimulated changes in structural or physicochemical attributes, like shape, volume, solubility, supramolecular arrangement, and others. This review touches on some particular developments on the topic of stimuli-sensitive molecular tools for biomedical applications. Design and mechanistic details are provided concerning the smart synthetic instruments that are employed to prepare supra- and macro-molecular architectures with specific responses to external stimuli. Five major themes are approached: (i) temperature- and pH-responsive systems for controlled drug delivery; (ii) glycodynameric hydrogels for drug delivery; (iii) polymeric non-viral vectors for gene delivery; (iv) metallic nanoconjugates for biomedical applications; and, (v) smart organic tools for biomedical imaging.
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Zhang, Shujing, Youli Qiu, and Yu Li. "Detection Method of Environmentally Friendly Non-POP PBDEs by Derivatization-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using the Pharmacophore Model." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 6 (October 3, 2019): 656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180829103520.
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Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are dangerous for the environment and human health because of their persistent organic pollutant (POP) characteristics, which have attracted extensive research attention. Raman spectroscopy is a simple highly sensitive detection operation. This study was performed to obtain environmentally friendly non-POP PBDE derivatives with simple detection-based molecular design and provide theoretical support for establishing enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection techniques. Methods: A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3DQSAR) pharmacophore model of characteristic PBDE Raman spectral was established using 20 and 10 PBDEs as training and test sets, respectively. Full-factor experimental design was used to modify representative commercial PBDEs, and their flame retardancy and POP characteristics were evaluated. Results: The pharmacophore model (Hypo1) exhibited good predictive ability with the largest correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.88, the smallest root mean square (RMS) value of 0.231, and total cost of 81.488 with a configuration value of 12.56 (˂17).74 monosubstituted and disubstituted PBDE derivatives were obtained based on the Hypo 1 pharmacophore model and full-factor experimental design auxiliary. Twenty PBDE derivatives were screened, and their flame-retardant capabilities were enhanced and their migration and bio-concentration were reduced (log(KOW) <5), with unchanged toxicity and high biodegradability. The Raman spectral intensities increased up to 380%. In addition, interference analysis of the Raman peaks by group frequency indicated that the 20 PBDE derivatives were easily detected with no interference in gaseous environments. Conclusion: Nine pharmacophore models were constructed in this study; Hypo 1 was the most accurate. Twenty PBDE derivatives showed Raman spectral intensities increased up to 380%; these were classified as new non-POP environmentally friendly flame retardants with low toxicity, low migration, good biodegradability, and low bio-concentrations. 2D QSAR analysis showed that the most positive Milliken charge and lowest occupied orbital energy were the main contributors to the PBDE Raman spectral intensities. Raman peak analysis revealed no interference between the derivatives in gaseous environments.
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Yassien, Sahar, and Mona Hamdi. "Measuring Nursing Sensitive Outcomes in Patient with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Tool Development and Validation." Evidence-Based Nursing Research 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v1i1.32.
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Context: The outcomes movement is a young science, improving care by determining the outcomes of nursing interventions will give scientific validity to strategies that are used by nursing in a variety of venues. Cardiovascular nurses contribute significantly to health outcomes and frequently assume responsibility for the clinical and organizational processes to ensure positive outcomes for patients and families
Aims: The aims of this study were to identify nursing-sensitive outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction, to develop a tool to measure nursing-sensitive outcomes of caring patients with myocardial infarction, and to evaluate the content, face validity, reliability and nursing sensitivity of 46 nursing sensitive-outcomes concerning bio-psycho-socio- educational aspects of care for patients with myocardial infarction from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). Methods: A survey research design was used in this study to assess the content and face validity of the designed instrument and inter-rater reliability was utilized to assure its reliability. Thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction subjected to measuring their nursing-sensitive outcomes during their stay in the CCUs or intermediate units. Fifty-nine experts were invited to participate in this study. Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes Measuring Scale was developed and subjected to testing reliability, validity, and sensitivity
Results: Most of the studied outcomes showed a high degree of consistency as indicated by ICC that was above 0.900. 100% of the experts rated 14 out of 46 outcomes as very important; the remaining outcomes were assessed by more than 75% of the experts as important. Also, 18 out of 46 outcomes were rated by the 100% experts as very sensitive to the contribution of nursing intervention; no one outcome was rated as not important or not sensitive for nursing contribution. Conclusions: The study provided evidence of outcomes content validity, reliability, and nursing sensitivity of the studied outcomes. The study recommended the testing of NOC outcomes in various clinical settings with appropriate training for nurses, and the inclusion of NOC into nursing curricula to utilized in clinical education as a continuum for nursing diagno- ses classification.
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Hassan, Enas, Gehad El-Sayed, Azza Hassan, and Shaimaa Abd Elsalam. "Effect of pollution with lead, cupper, cadmium on gene expression pattern of liver GST and serum lysozymes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis. niloticus)." Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal 21, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35943/mvmj.2020.310.
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Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of pollution with lead, copper, cadmium on the gene expression pattern of liver Glutathione-S-transferase and serum lysozyme in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis. niloticus). Design: Descriptive study. Fish: A Total of 120 Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) samples were collected from Lake Manzala, and drainage water at different localities. Procedures: Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations residues within mid-dorsal muscle tissue, within gills, liver, and kidney were determined. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell volume and other blood indices, as well as, total leukocyte count were measured. Biochemically, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase activities, total protein, creatinine, uric acid, lysozymes activity were estimated. GST gene expression was determined in the liver. Results: The results showed that Pb, Cu and Cd were bio accumulated at a higher level in the liver, kidney and gills of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from all sampling sites. The levels of the ALT and AST were increased, total protein and Albumin concentrations were decreased. Creatinine and uric acid were significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased in all groups (compared to the control group. Hematological parameters and lysozyme activity were decreased. Up regulation of the hepatic GST expression levels in Nile tilapia exposed to the heavy metals in comparison to the control value. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This study shows that lead, copper and cadmium were bio accumulated at higher concentration in liver, kidney, gills and muscles of Nile tilapia due to large industrial activities near locations of the sampling sites. Additionally, GST gene expression represents sensitive biomarker of aquatic pollution.
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Pesaro, Manuel, and Franco Widmer. "Identification and Specific Detection of a Novel Pseudomonadaceae Cluster Associated with Soils from Winter Wheat Plots of a Long-Term Agricultural Field Experiment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (January 2006): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.37-43.2006.
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ABSTRACT The genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) represents a group of microorganisms directly involved in functions conferring plant health. We performed a study in the DOK long-term agricultural field experiment on the basis of previously published Pseudomonas-selective PCR primers in order to investigate the community structure of the microbial groups defined by the target range of these primers. Three different agricultural management systems, i.e., conventional, biodynamic, and bio-organic, along with mineral and unfertilized controls were investigated, with each system planted with either winter wheat or a grass-clover ley. Amplified small-subunit rRNA gene fragments were analyzed using the genetic profiling techniques restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), revealing distinct differences between soils planted with winter wheat and grass clover but only minor differences between the management systems. Phylogenetic analyses of 59 clone sequences retrieved from bio-organic and unfertilized systems identified sequences related to Pseudomonas fluorescens and a novel cluster termed Cellvibrio-related Pseudomonadaceae (CRP). The CRP clones were exclusively isolated from winter wheat soil samples and were responsible for the crop-specific differences observed in RFLP and DGGE profiles. New primers were designed for the amplification of CRP targets directly from soil DNA, yielding strong signals exclusively for winter wheat soils. We concluded that crop-associated CRP exist in agricultural soils and that genetic profiling followed by specific probe design represents a valuable approach for identification as well as sensitive and rapid monitoring of novel microbial groups in the environment.
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Beato-López, Juan Jesús, Juan Garikoitz Urdániz-Villanueva, José Ignacio Pérez-Landazábal, and Cristina Gómez-Polo. "Giant Stress Impedance Magnetoelastic Sensors Employing Soft Magnetic Amorphous Ribbons." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092175.
Full textAbstract:
Soft magnetic amorphous alloys obtained via rapid quenching techniques are widely employed in different technological fields such as magnetic field detection, bio labeling, non-contact positioning, etc. Among them, magnetoelastic applications stand out due to excellent mechanical properties exhibited by these alloys, resulting from their amorphous structure, namely, their high Young modulus and high tensile strength. In particular, the giant stress impedance (GSI) effect represents a powerful tool to develop highly sensitive magnetoelastic sensors. This effect is based on the changes in the high-frequency electric impedance as the result of the variation in magnetic permeability of the sample under the action of mechanical stresses. In this work, the GSI effect is analyzed in two soft magnetic ribbons ((Co0.93 Fe0.07)75 Si12.5 B12.5 and (Co0.95 Fe0.05)75 Si12.5 B12.5) for the subsequent development of two practical devices: (i) the characterization of the variations in the cross-section dimensions of irregularly shaped elements, and (ii) the design of a flow meter for measuring the rate of flow of water through a pipe.
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Dinu, Ancuta, and Constantin Apetrei. "A Review on Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Used in Phenylalanine Electroanalysis." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092496.
Full textAbstract:
Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in breast milk and in many foods, being an essential nutrient. This amino acid is very important for the human body because it is transformed into tyrosine and, subsequently, into catecholamine neurotransmitters. However, there are individuals who were born with a genetic disorder called phenylketonuria. The accumulation of phenylalanine and of some metabolites in the body is dangerous and may cause convulsions, brain damage and mental retardation. Determining the concentration of phenylalanine in different biologic fluids is very important because it can provide information about the health status of the individuals envisaged. Since such determinations may be made by using electrochemical sensors and biosensors, numerous researchers have developed such sensors for phenylalanine detection and different sensitive materials were used in order to improve the selectivity, sensitivity and detection limit. The present review aims at presenting the design and performance of some electrochemical bio (sensors) traditionally used for phenylalanine detection as reported in a series of relevant scientific papers published in the last decade.
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Baluta, Sylwia, Anna Lesiak, and Joanna Cabaj. "Simple and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Method for Norepinephrine Determination Based on Carbon Dots and Tyrosinase." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164567.
Full textAbstract:
Although neurotransmitters are present in human serum at the nM level, any dysfunction of the catecholamines concentration may lead to numerous serious health problems. Due to this fact, rapid and sensitive catecholamines detection is extremely important in modern medicine. However, there is no device that would measure the concentration of these compounds in body fluids. The main goal of the present study is to design a simple as possible, cost-effective new biosensor-based system for the detection of neurotransmitters, using nontoxic reagents. The miniature Au-E biosensor was designed and constructed through the immobilization of tyrosinase on an electroactive layer of cysteamine and carbon nanoparticles covering the gold electrode. This sensing arrangement utilized the catalytic oxidation of norepinephrine (NE) to NE quinone, measured with voltammetric techniques: cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The prepared bio-system exhibited good parameters: a broad linear range (1–200 μM), limit of detection equal to 196 nM, limit of quantification equal to 312 nM, and high selectivity and sensitivity. It is noteworthy that described method was successfully applied for NE determination in real samples.
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Wett, B., M. Schoen, P. Phothilangka, F. Wackerle, and H. Insam. "Model-based design of an agricultural biogas plant: application of Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 for an improved four chamber scheme." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 10 (May 1, 2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.302.
Full textAbstract:
Different digestion technologies for various substrates are addressed by the generic process description of Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. In the case of manure or agricultural wastes a priori knowledge about the substrate in terms of ADM1 compounds is lacking and influent characterisation becomes a major issue. The actual project has been initiated for promotion of biogas technology in agriculture and for expansion of profitability also to rather small capacity systems. In order to avoid costly individual planning and installation of each facility a standardised design approach needs to be elaborated. This intention pleads for bio kinetic modelling as a systematic tool for process design and optimisation. Cofermentation under field conditions was observed, quality data and flow data were recorded and mass flow balances were calculated. In the laboratory different substrates have been digested separately in parallel under specified conditions. A configuration of four ADM1 model reactors was set up. Model calibration identified disintegration rate, decay rates for sugar degraders and half saturation constant for sugar as the three most sensitive parameters showing values (except the latter) about one order of magnitude higher than default parameters. Finally, the model is applied to the comparison of different reactor configurations and volume partitions. Another optimisation objective is robustness and load flexibility, i.e. the same configuration should be adaptive to different load situations only by a simple recycle control in order to establish a standardised design.
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Sengupta, Debarun, Duco Trap, and Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli. "Piezoresistive Carbon Nanofiber-Based Cilia-Inspired Flow Sensor." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020211.
Full textAbstract:
Evolving over millions of years, hair-like natural flow sensors called cilia, which are found in fish, crickets, spiders, and inner ear cochlea, have achieved high resolution and sensitivity in flow sensing. In the pursuit of achieving such exceptional flow sensing performance in artificial sensors, researchers in the past have attempted to mimic the material, morphological, and functional properties of biological cilia sensors, to develop MEMS-based artificial cilia flow sensors. However, the fabrication of bio-inspired artificial cilia sensors involves complex and cumbersome micromachining techniques that lay constraints on the choice of materials, and prolongs the time taken to research, design, and fabricate new and novel designs, subsequently increasing the time-to-market. In this work, we establish a novel process flow for fabricating inexpensive, yet highly sensitive, cilia-inspired flow sensors. The artificial cilia flow sensor presented here, features a cilia-inspired high-aspect-ratio titanium pillar on an electrospun carbon nanofiber (CNF) sensing membrane. Tip displacement response calibration experiments conducted on the artificial cilia flow sensor demonstrated a lower detection threshold of 50 µm. Furthermore, flow calibration experiments conducted on the sensor revealed a steady-state airflow sensitivity of 6.16 mV/(m s−1) and an oscillatory flow sensitivity of 26 mV/(m s−1), with a lower detection threshold limit of 12.1 mm/s in the case of oscillatory flows. The flow sensing calibration experiments establish the feasibility of the proposed method for developing inexpensive, yet sensitive, flow sensors; which will be useful for applications involving precise flow monitoring in microfluidic devices, precise air/oxygen intake monitoring for hypoxic patients, and other biomedical devices tailored for intravenous drip/urine flow monitoring. In addition, this work also establishes the applicability of CNFs as novel sensing elements in MEMS devices and flexible sensors.