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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio Kinetics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

L Salami, DO Olumuyiwa, EA Alfred, and OS Olakanmi. "Kinetic modelling of dumpsite leachate treatment using Musa sapientum peels as bio-sorbent." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.9.2.0117.

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Kinetics models are very vital to dumpsite operators and planners as they provide relevant information for effective treatment of leachates. The aim of this work is to model the kinetic process of treatment of Lagos dumpsite leachate using Musa sapientum peels as bio-sorbent with a view of establishing the kinetic parameters of the treatment process. Musa sapientum peels which were collected from Ayetoro market in Epe Local Government area of Lagos State were used to prepare the bio-sorbent. Kinetic process was carried out using 1 g of the prepared bio-sorbent in 100 ml Lagos dumpsite leachate in different conical flasks and at various contacting time. The kinetic data obtained were fitted to different kinetics models. The kinetics models tested were Fractional power model, Lagregren pseudo first – order model, Pseudo second – order model, Kuo – Lotse kinetic model, Blanchard kinetic model and Elovich kinetic model. Other kinetics models considered were Sobkowsk – Czerwi kinetic model, Intraparticle diffusion (IPD) model, Behnajady – Modirshahla – Ghanbery (BMG) model and Diffusion – Chemisorption model. Coefficient of determination (R2) values and the expected nature of the plots of the models were used to screen the tested models. The results revealed that the Pseudo second – order kinetic model has the best R2 value of 0.99996 and the graph followed the expected nature of the plot hence it was adopted in this work. It was concluded that Pseudo second – order kinetic model can be used to navigate the treatment process of Lagos dumpsite using Musa sapientum peels as bio-sorbent.

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2

Zheng, Yue, Yanyu Zhao, Junjun Xu, and Ke Tang. "Affections of dynamic ductility and molecular friction for kinetic properties of bio-molecules in multidimensional landscape model." AIP Advances 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 065111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094358.

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Because of affections from fluctuation, the migration or reaction rate of bio-molecules is mainly related to the time-memory effect. This kinetic phenomenon is primarily dominated by dynamic ductility and molecular crowding in the solvent. These two important elements directly connect with the affections of the random force and systematic friction (ζ) in a real solvent. They can affect fluctuation characteristics of bio-molecules. Properties of bio-molecular kinetics are mainly submitted to the configuration quality and random collision. The multidimensional landscape must be needed in typical research processes for kinetics of bio-molecules. The random collision affection in the x dimension and the typical ductility for the free-energy surface in the Q dimension have been abstracted in our work. The two-dimensional generalized Langevin equation including fractional Gaussian noise or white noise is used to study the migration rate or the mean waiting time. The essential quality of the bio-molecules’ kinetic properties can be revealed by the comparative study between dynamic disorder (DD) and common diffusion. We have found that there are sharp dynamic differences between DD and normal kinetics. Moreover, dynamic ductility and solvent friction can lead to great affections to the bio-molecular dynamics.

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3

Mohanty, Mohit Prakash, Bharati Brahmacharimayum, and Pranab Kumar Ghosh. "Effects of phenol on sulfate reduction by mixed microbial culture: kinetics and bio-kinetics analysis." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 4 (December 18, 2017): 1079–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.630.

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Abstract Mixed microbial culture collected from the wastewater treatment plant of Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) was further grown in anaerobic condition in presence of sulfate where lactate was added as a carbon source. Sulfate addition was increased stepwise up to 1,000 mg l−1 before phenol was added at increasing concentrations from 10 mg l−1 to 300 mg l−1. Kinetics of sulfate, phenol and chemical oxygen demand reduction were studied and experimental findings were analyzed using various bio-models to estimate the bio-kinetic coefficients. This is the first detailed report on kinetics and bio-kinetic studies of sulfate reduction in presence of phenol. Experimental results showed that there was no inhibition of sulfate reduction and microbial growth up to 100 mg l−1 phenol addition. However, inhibition to different degrees was observed at higher phenol addition. The experimental data of microbial growth and substrate consumption in presence of phenol fitted well to the Edward model (R2 = 0.85, root mean square error = 0.001011) with maximum specific growth rate = 0.052 h−1, substrate inhibition constant = 88.05 mg l−1 and half saturation constant = 58.22 mg l−1. The characteristics of the cultured microbes were determined through a series of analysis and microbial tests.

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4

Sembodo, Bregas Siswahjono Tatag, Hary Sulistyo, Wahyudi Budi Sediawan, and Mohammad Fahrurrozi. "Kinetics study on non-isothermal thermochemical liquefaction of corncobs in ethanol-water solution: Effect of ethanol concentration." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819709005.

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Corncobs are potentially processed into bio-oil through thermochemical liquefaction processes. It is difficult to construct kinetics models based on the compounds involved in the reaction. It would be made four kinetic models based on four reaction products, i.e., solids, bio-oil, gas and volatile products. The purposes of the study were to seek kinetics model of thermochemical liquefaction of corncobs in ethanol-water solution and to study the effect of ethanol concentration. The experiment of liquefaction processes of corncobs in ethanol-water solution using sodium carbonate catalyst was performed in the 150 ml autoclave equipped with a magnetic stirrer in the temperature up to 280°C. Four kinetic models were applied to predict the yield of four reaction product lumps. The calculation results were compared to the experimental data. Compared to the others, model 4 was the most realistic and closely matching to the experimental data. In model 4 the reaction mechanism was assumed that biomass (corncobs) first decomposed into bio-oil, followed by decomposition of bio-oil into volatile products reversibly and, finally, volatile products decomposed into gaseous products. The yield of bio-oil increased from 42.05% to 54.93% by increasing to ethanol concentration of 0% to 40%.

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5

Ruggeri, Bernardo, Guido Sassi, and Vito Specchia. "A holistic view of (bio)kinetics." Chemical Engineering Science 49, no. 24 (1994): 4121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(05)80010-7.

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6

Lente, Gábor. "Mathematics in (bio)chemical kinetics 2017." Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 123, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-018-1382-4.

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7

Matsumoto, M., and Y. Hasegawa. "Enzymatic Kinetics of Solvent-free Esterification with Bio-imprinted Lipase." Chemical & biochemical engineering quarterly 33, no. 4 (2020): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2019.1692.

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To avoid the use of compounds that burden the environment, a solvent-free enzymatic<br /> reaction was the focus of this study. Investigated were the catalytic activities and kinetics of lipases that were pretreated with carboxylic acids for the solvent-free esterification of propionic acid with isoamyl alcohol. The enhancements of the esterification yields and rates by the bio-imprinting effects of carboxylic acids were observed. We found no inhibition of isoamyl alcohol on the solvent-free enzymatic esterification, and obtained a large imprinting effect under a largely excessive amount of isoamyl alcohol to propionic acid. From the kinetic analysis, the imprinting of lipases mainly enhanced the catalytic reaction rate constant rather than the affinity between lipase and propionic acid compared with untreated lipase. The bio-imprinting treatment of lipase is found to be very effective for the yield and kinetics in solvent-free esterification.

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8

Hyder, A. H. M. G., Shamim A. Begum, and Nosa O. Egiebor. "Sorption studies of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using bio-char as an adsorbent." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 11 (March 22, 2014): 2265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.143.

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The characteristics of sorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) onto bio-char derived from wood chips (spruce, pine, and fir) were evaluated as a function of pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration and bio-char dosage using synthetic wastewater in batch tests. The initial Cr(VI) concentrations were varied between 10 and 500 mg/L to investigate equilibrium, kinetics, and isotherms of the sorption process. About 100% of Cr(VI) was removed at pH 2 with initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L using 4 g of bio-char after 5 hours of sorption reaction. The maximum sorption capacity of the bio-char was 1.717 mg/g for an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 500 mg/L after 5 hours. The sorption kinetics of total Cr onto bio-char followed the second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit for total Cr sorption onto bio-char. The bio-char used is a co-product of a down draft gasifier that uses the derived syngas to produce electricity. Bio-char as a low cost adsorbent demonstrated promising results for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The findings of this study would be useful in designing a filtration unit with bio-char in a full-scale water and wastewater treatment plant for the Cr(VI) removal from contaminated waters.

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9

Lascano, Diego, Luis Quiles-Carrillo, Rafael Balart, Teodomiro Boronat, and Nestor Montanes. "Kinetic Analysis of the Curing of a Partially Biobased Epoxy Resin Using Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry." Polymers 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030391.

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This research presents a cure kinetics study of an epoxy system consisting of a partially bio-sourced resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with amine hardener and a biobased reactive diluent from plants representing 31 wt %. The kinetic study has been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions at different heating rates. Integral and derivative isoconversional methods or model free kinetics (MFK) have been applied to the experimental data in order to evaluate the apparent activation energy, Ea, followed by the application of the appropriate reaction model. The bio-sourced system showed activation energy that is independent of the extent of conversion, with Ea values between 57 and 62 kJ·mol−1, corresponding to typical activation energies of conventional epoxy resins. The reaction model was studied by comparing the calculated y(α) and z(α) functions with standard master plot curves. A two-parameter autocatalytic kinetic model of Šesták–Berggren [SB(m,n)] was assessed as the most suitable reaction model to describe the curing kinetics of the epoxy resins studied since it showed an excellent agreement with the experimental data.

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10

Zhang, Ruixia, Zhaoping Zhong, and Yaji Huang. "Combustion characteristics and kinetics of bio-oil." Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China 3, no. 2 (March 10, 2009): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-009-0068-x.

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11

Maleki, Esmat, Alnour Bokhary, and B. Q. Liao. "A review of anaerobic digestion bio-kinetics." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 17, no. 4 (October 4, 2018): 691–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-018-9484-z.

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12

Ručigaj, Aleš, Špela Gradišar, and Matjaž Krajnc. "Kinetic investigation of a complex curing of the guaiacol bio-based benzoxazine system." e-Polymers 16, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2015-0250.

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AbstractCuring kinetics of guaiacol based benzoxazine synthesized from guaiacol, furfurylamine and formaldehyde forming bio-based polybenzoxazine was investigated. The curing process showed complex polymerization behavior, as the exothermal signal consisted of several overlapped peaks. Differentiation and fitting of overlapped peaks was performed by Pearson VII distribution obtaining two separate exothermal signals further associated to stage 1 and stage 2. The apparent activation energies of both stages were determined to be 113.8 kJ mol-1 and 117.5 kJ mol-1, respectively, according to Kissinger. The first could be explained by benzoxazine ring-opening and electrophilic substitution, whereas the second stage corresponds to the rearrangement and diffusion-controlled step. Kinetics of each stage was studied separately. As a result, the first stage was described by Šesták-Berggren autocatalytic model, whereas the second stage appeared to follow nth order kinetics proved by the Friedman method. Application of both kinetic models demonstrated that the predicted curves fit well with the non-isothermal DSC thermograms and as such sufficiently describes the complex curing behavior of guaiacol based benzoxazine.

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13

Huang, Zhong-Sheng, and Tian-Zu Yang. "Comparative Study on Refractory Gold Concentrate Kinetics and Mechanisms by Pilot Scale Batch and Continuous Bio-Oxidation." Minerals 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121343.

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Most studies conducted have focused on the pulp density, Fe3+ concentration and sulfuric acid concentration, etc., of bio-oxidation, and few have reported on the influence of different bio-oxidation methods on kinetics. In this study, a comparative investigation on refractory gold concentrate by batch and continuous bio-oxidation was conducted, with the purpose of revealing the kinetics influence. The results showed that improving the removal rates of the gold-bearing pyrite (FeS2) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS) yielded the best results for increasing gold recovery. The removal rates of S, Fe and relative gold recovery linearly increased when compared to the second-order equation increase of the As removal rate in both batch and continuous bio-oxidation processes. The removal kinetics of S and Fe by continuous bio-oxidation was 12.02% and 12.17% per 24 h day, approximately 86.64% and 51.18% higher than batch bio-oxidation, respectively. The higher removal kinetics of continuous bio-oxidation resulted from a stepwise increase in microbe growth, a larger population and higher dissolved Fe3+ and H2SO4 concentration compared to a linear increase by batch bio-oxidation. The cyanidation gold recovery was as high as 94.71% after seven days of continuous bio-oxidation, with the gold concentrate sulfur removal rates of 83.83%; similar results will be achieved after 13 days by batch bio-oxidation. The 16sRNA sequencing showed seven more microbe cultures in the initial residue than Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) at genus level. The quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test showed the four main functional average microbe populations of Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum, Ferroplasma and Sulfobacillus in continuous bio-oxidation residue as 1.08 × 103 higher than in solution. The multi-microbes used in this study have higher bio-oxidation activity and performance in a highly acidic environment since some archaea co-exist and co-contribute.

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14

Peters, J. P., Y. F. Her, and L. J. Maher. "Modeling dioxygenase enzyme kinetics in familial paraganglioma." Biology Open 4, no. 10 (September 14, 2015): 1281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.013623.

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15

Yu, Binglan, and Thomas Ming Swi Chang. "IN VITRO ENZYME KINETICS OF MICROENCAPSULATED TYROSINASE." Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology 30, no. 5-6 (January 2002): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/bio-120016354.

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16

Wang, Jian, Yongquan Lai, Meili Chen, Zhou Jiang, and Guonan Chen. "Kinetics of luminol sonochemiluminescence quenched by purines." Luminescence 28, no. 2 (June 19, 2012): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.2345.

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17

FUJIKAWA, HIROSHI, and TAKESHI ITOH. "Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Escherichia coli .BETA.-Galactosidase." Biocontrol Science 2, no. 1 (1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.2.1.

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18

Ugarova, N. N. "Luciferase ofLuciola mingrelica fireflies. Kinetics and regulation mechanism." Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4, no. 1 (July 1989): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040155.

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19

HOSODA, Masahiro, Tetsuo ISHIKAWA, Shinji TOKONAMI, Aiko KANEGA, Ryosuke ITO, Naoki UCHIDA, Shunsuke OGIHARA, Yoshihiro KASA, Takayuki KAWAUCHI, and Tadashi ISHII. "Bio-kinetics of Radon Ingested from Drinking Water." Japanese Journal of Health Physics 42, no. 3 (2007): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5453/jhps.42.221.

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20

Ishikawa, T., Y. Narazaki, Y. Yasuoka, S. Tokanami, and Y. Yamada. "Bio kinetics of radon ingested from drinking water." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 105, no. 1-4 (July 1, 2003): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006322.

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21

Xulai, Yang, Zhang Jian, and Zhu Xifeng. "Thermal degradation kinetics of calcium-enriched bio-oil." AIChE Journal 54, no. 7 (2008): 1945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.11507.

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22

Niu, Qigui, Shilong He, Yanlong Zhang, Yu Zhang, Min Yang, and Yu-You Li. "Bio-kinetics evaluation and batch modeling of the anammox mixed culture in UASB and EGSB reactors: batch performance comparison and kinetic model assessment." RSC Advances 6, no. 5 (2016): 3487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14648h.

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To predict the process performance and evaluate the MSAA of anammox biomass, a number of kinetic models were conducted both for UASB-anammox biomass and EGSB-anammox. All of the kinetics simulation resluts were compared to assess the kinetic models.

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23

El-Tawil, Asmaa A., Lena Sundqvist Ökvist, Hesham M. Ahmed, and Bo Björkman. "Devolatilization Kinetics of Different Types of Bio-Coals Using Thermogravimetric Analysis." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020168.

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The interest of the steel industry in utilizing bio-coal (pre-treated biomass) as CO2-neutral carbon in iron-making is increasing due to the need to reduce fossil CO2 emission. In order to select a suitable bio-coal to be contained in agglomerates with iron oxide, the current study aims at investigating the thermal devolatilization of different bio-coals. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) was used to monitor the weight loss and off-gases during non-isothermal tests with bio-coals having different contents of volatile matter. The samples were heated in an inert atmosphere to 1200 °C at three different heating rates: 5, 10, and 15 °C/min. H2, CO, and hydrocarbons that may contribute to the reduction of iron oxide if contained in the self-reducing composite were detected by QMS. To explore the devolatilization behavior for different materials, the thermogravimetric data were evaluated by using the Kissinger– Akahira–Sonuse (KAS) iso-conversional model. The activation energy was determined as a function of the conversion degree. Bio-coals with both low and high volatile content could produce reducing gases that can contribute to the reduction of iron oxide in bio-agglomerates and hot metal quality in the sustained blast furnace process. However, bio-coals containing significant amounts of CaO and K2O enhanced the devolatilization and released the volatiles at lower temperature.

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24

Köszegi, Tamàs. "Release kinetics of ATP in cells exposed to nonionic detergents." Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6, no. 3 (July 1991): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060304.

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25

Fardhyanti, Dewi Selvia, Megawati, Haniif Prasetiawan, Noniek Nabuasa, and Mohammad Arik Ardianta. "Chemical Kinetics Modeling on Bio-Oil Production from Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse." Materials Science Forum 1034 (June 15, 2021): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1034.199.

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Biomass is a source of alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and very promising as one of the sources of renewable energy at present. The best candidate for the biomass waste for pyrolysis raw material is sugarcane bagasse. The sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous residue that is produced after crushing sugarcane for its extraction. Sugarcane bagasse is very potential to produce bio-oil through a pyrolysis process. The advantage of utilizing sugarcane bagasse is to reduce the amount of waste volume. Pyrolysis is a simple thermochemical conversion that transforms biomass with the near absence of absence of oxygen to produce fuel. Experiments were carried out on the fixed bed reactor. The analysis was carried out over a temperature range of 300-500 °C under atmospheric conditions. Products that are usually obtained from the pyrolysis process are bio-oil, char, and gas. Product analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis. This research is aimed to study the kinetics of the sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil. Three different models were proposed for the kinetic study and it was found that model III gave the best prediction on the calculation of pyrolysis process. From the calculation results, kinetic parameters which include activation energy (Ea) and the k factor (A) at a temperature of 300 °C is 2.4730 kJ/mol and 0.000335 s-1, at a temperature of 400 °C is 3, 2718 kJ/mol and 0.000563 s-1, and at a temperature of 500 °C is 4.8942 kJ/mol and 0.0009 s-1.

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26

M. Zubir, M. Zubir, Z. Muchtar Z. Muchtar, E. Rukmana E. Rukmana, R. Selly R. Selly, S. Rahmah S. Rahmah, Jasmidi J, H. I. Nasution H.I. Nasution, and D. Miswanda D Miswanda. "Equilibrium and Kinetics Adsorption Modelling Comparison of Zn(II) and Fe(II) on Phosphate Modified oil Palm Empty-Fruit Bunches Bio-sorbent." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 1369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380606.

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Oil palm empty-fruit bunches (OPEB) bio-sorbent were modified by introducing phosphate(P) into the OPEB-cellulose structure (P-OPEB). This modification effect to increasing the surface area in purpose to enhancing the adsorption amount. Adsorption of Zn(II) was keeping the optimum adsorption by P-OPEB is higher than Fe(II). On the other hand, by using OPEB bio-sorbent, Fe(II) was adsorbed higher than Zn(II), but the adsorption amount by P-OPEB is higher than OPEB which indicated phosphate modified was effected to increasing the adsorption capability of OPEB. The properties of all adsorption systems are similar, refer to the Langmuir model, and kinetic models refer to the 2nd-order kinetics model, but Fe(II) adsorption fits better with the OPEB bio-sorbent. Besides being able to increase the adsorption capacity, P-OPEB also makes the adsorption process faster so that can be more efficient to remove Fe and Zn contaminants.

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27

Sun, Xueke, Kancheng Mai, Chuanhui Zhang, Min Cao, Yingying Zhang, and Xinghong Zhang. "Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of bio-based semi-aromatic polyamides." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 130, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 1021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6434-x.

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28

Fischer, M., and X. Jiang. "An assessment of chemical kinetics for bio-syngas combustion." Fuel 137 (December 2014): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.081.

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29

Yakkundi, Shirish, James McElnay, Jeff Millership, Hussain Mulla, Hitesh Pandya, Utpal Shah, Tony Nunn, et al. "Use of dried blood spots to study excipient kinetics in neonates." Bioanalysis 3, no. 24 (December 2011): 2691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.277.

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30

de Rautlin de la Roy, Y., N. Messedi, G. Grollier, and B. Grignon. "Kinetics of bactericidal activity of antibiotics measured by luciferin-luciferase assay." Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6, no. 3 (July 1991): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060310.

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31

SABIKE, ISLAM I., HIROSHI FUJIKAWA, and ABOBAKR M. EDRIS. "The Growth Kinetics of Salmonella Enteritidis in Raw Ground Beef." Biocontrol Science 20, no. 3 (2015): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.20.185.

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32

Ismailov, Anvar D., Alexander Yu Sobolev, and Vadim S. Danilov. "Bioluminescence decay kinetics in the reaction of bacterial luciferase with different aldehydes." Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5, no. 3 (July 1990): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050313.

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33

Littig, Janet S., and Timothy A. Nieman. "Flow injection chemiluminescence study of acridinium ester stability and kinetics of decomposition." Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 8, no. 1 (January 1993): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170080106.

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34

Asamoah, Richmond K. "Specific Refractory Gold Flotation and Bio-Oxidation Products: Research Overview." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010093.

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This paper presents a research overview, reconciling key and useful case study findings, towards uncovering major causes of gold refractoriness and maximising extraction performance of specific gold flotation and bio-oxidation products. Through systematic investigation of the ore mineralogical and gold deportment properties, leaching mechanisms, and kinetic behaviour and pulp rheology, it was observed that the predominant cause of the poor extraction efficacy of one bio-oxidised product is the presence of recalcitrant sulphate minerals (e.g., jarosite and gypsum) produced during the oxidation process. This was followed by carbonaceous matter and other gangue minerals such as muscovite, quartz, and rutile. The underpining leaching mechanism and kinetics coupled with the pulp rheology were influenced by the feed mineralogy/chemistry, time, agitation/shear rate, interfacial chemistry, pH modifier type, and mechano-chemical activation. For instance, surface exposure of otherwise unavailable gold particles by mechano-chemical activation enhanced the gold leaching rate and yield. This work reflect the remarkable impact of subtle deposit feature changes on extraction performance.

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35

Ginting, M. Iqbal Maulana, Eko Agus Suyono, Mochammad Donny Koerniawan, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Ulfah Juniarti Siregar, and Arief Budiman. "The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer “Bio Ferti” Application on the Growth Rate of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> by Using Haldane Model." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 68944. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.68944.

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This experimental research was performed to observe the influence of an agricultural liquid organic fertilizer called Bio Ferti on the growth and biomass of Spirulina platensis, aiming at replacing inorganic fertilizer with the liquid organic one. The cultivation of the microalgae was conducted over seven days at Nogotirto Algae Park. The liquid organic fertilizer, namely Bio Ferti, was obtained from the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, and prepared to have doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mL. For comparison, an inorganic fertilizer with the same doses was also prepared. The variables to be observed were cell density, dry cell weight, and growth kinetics. The culture medium conditions observed were temperature, pH, and salinity (the optimum salinity was 20 ppt). The growth kinetic analysis was performed mathematically using numerical simulations using the Contois and the Haldane models. This research’s results showed that Bio Ferti affected the growth rate of Spirulina platensis. With a dose of 2 mL, it became the optimum medium which produced the highest density and dry weight of 1.78x106 cells/mL and 160 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the inorganic fertilizer with a dose of 10 mL produced the highest density and dry weight of 2,13x105 and 80 mg/mL, respectively. The temperature ranged from 28 to 31°C, while the pH ranged from 8.01 to 9.02 for each medium. The suitable model to describe the growth kinetics of Spirulina platensis was the Haldane model.

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Lang, Kevin, Katie Matys, Patrick Bennett, and Vellalore N. Kakkanaiah. "Flow cytometry and pharmacokinetics." Bioanalysis 13, no. 21 (November 2021): 1645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0140.

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Multiparametric flow cytometry is a powerful cellular analysis tool used in various stages of drug development. In adoptive cell therapies, the flow cytometry methods are used for the evaluation of advanced cellular products during manufacturing and to monitor cellular kinetics after infusion. In this report, we discussed the bioanalytical method development challenges to monitor cellular kinetics in CAR-T cell therapies. These method development challenges include procuring positive control samples for the development of the method, flow cytometry panel design, LLOQ, prestain sample stability, staining reagents and data analysis.

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Tsipa, Argyro, Constantina K. Varnava, Paola Grenni, Vincenzo Ferrara, and Andrea Pietrelli. "Bio-Electrochemical System Depollution Capabilities and Monitoring Applications: Models, Applicability, Advanced Bio-Based Concept for Predicting Pollutant Degradation and Microbial Growth Kinetics via Gene Regulation Modelling." Processes 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9061038.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an emerging technology for waste, wastewater and polluted soil treatment. In this manuscript, pollutants that can be treated using MFC systems producing energy are presented. Furthermore, the applicability of MFC in environmental monitoring is described. Common microbial species used, release of genome sequences, and gene regulation mechanisms, are discussed. However, although scaling-up is the key to improving MFC systems, it is still a difficult challenge. Mathematical models for MFCs are used for their design, control and optimization. Such models representing the system are presented here. In such comprehensive models, microbial growth kinetic approaches are essential to designing and predicting a biosystem. The empirical and unstructured Monod and Monod-type models, which are traditionally used, are also described here. Understanding and modelling of the gene regulatory network could be a solution for enhancing knowledge and designing more efficient MFC processes, useful for scaling it up. An advanced bio-based modelling concept connecting gene regulation modelling of specific metabolic pathways to microbial growth kinetic models is presented here; it enables a more accurate prediction and estimation of substrate biodegradation, microbial growth kinetics, and necessary gene and enzyme expression. The gene and enzyme expression prediction can also be used in synthetic and systems biology for process optimization. Moreover, various MFC applications as a bioreactor and bioremediator, and in soil pollutant removal and monitoring, are explored.

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Lestari, Retno Ambarwati Sigit, Wahyudi Budi Sediawan, and Sarto Sarto. "Kinetics of Sulfide Removal in Biofilter Employing Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria on Salak Fruit Seeds." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i2.22356.

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Sulfur-oxidizing bacterias were isolated then grown on salak fruit seeds forming bio-film. Their performances in sulfide removal were experimentally observed. The salak fruit seeds were then used as packing material in a cylinder. Liquid containing 83 ppm of sodium sulfide was flown through the bed. Then the sulfide concentrations in the outlet at various times were analyzed. A set of simple kinetics model for the rate of the sulfide removal and the bacterial growth was proposed. The axial sulfide concentration gradient in the flowing liquid are assumed to be quasi-steady-state. Mean while the bio-film grows on the surface of the seeds and the sulfide oxidation takes place in the bio-film. Since the bio-film is very thin, the sulfide concentration in the bio-film is assumed to be uniform. The simultaneous ordinary differential equations obtained were then solved numerically using Runge-Kutta method. The accuracy of the model proposed was tested by comparing the calculation results using the model with the experimental data obtained. It turned out that the model proposed can be applied to quantitatively describe the removal of sulfide in liquid using bio-filter in packed bed. The values of the parameters were also obtained by curve-fitting.

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Xi, Xi, Ye Yang, Hualiang An, Xinqiang Zhao, and Yanji Wang. "Hydrodeoxygenation reactivity of the carbonyl group and carboxyl group and their interaction: taking 2-pentanone, valeric acid, and levulinic acid as examples." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 6, no. 7 (2022): 1780–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se02060a.

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Yu, Xiaoyi, Guangming Chen, and Shaozhi Zhang. "A Model to Predict the Permeation Kinetics of Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Articular Cartilage." Biopreservation and Biobanking 11, no. 1 (February 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bio.2012.0050.

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Magrisso, Moni J., Blagovest G. Bechev, Petyo G. Bochev, Vania I. Markova, and Margarita L. Alexandrova. "A new approach for analysis of chemiluminescent kinetics of activated phagocytes in blood." Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10, no. 2 (March 1995): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100203.

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Xiao, Yang, and Arvind Varma. "Kinetics of guaiacol deoxygenation using methane over the Pt–Bi catalyst." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 2, no. 1 (2017): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6re00187d.

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Megawati, Megawati, Astrilia Damayanti, Radenrara Putri, Angga Pratama, and Tsani Muftidar. "Kinetics of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Passion Fruit Peel using Cellulase in Bio-ethanol Production." Reaktor 20, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.1.10-17.

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This research aims to study the hydrolysis of passion fruit peel using cellulase and its evaluation for ethanol production. Passion fruit peel is a fruit processing waste that has not been utilized properly. Passion fruit peel contains holo-cellulose (64% w/w), which can be converted into ethanol through hydrolysis followed by fermentation. Hydrolysis using cellulase is more efficient and its fermentation using yeast to produce ethanol is common. The hydrolysis is carried out at various enzyme ratios (3, 5, 7, and 9% v/v) and at temperature 30 oC, material concentration 5 g/100 mL, pH 4-5, and shaking speed 160 rpm. The kinetics chosen were heterogeneous models; they were the fractal model by Valjamae and Kopelman. Before being hydrolyzed, the essential oil and pectin in passion fruit peel were extracted, because the compositions were quite high; the results were around 16.23 and 11.36% w/w, respectively. The effect of the enzyme ratio to the sugar concentration by hydrolysis is very significant. At 9 h, the glucose concentration reached 45.38, 51.86, 60.50, 66.00 g/L at various enzyme ratios of 3, 5, 7, 9% v/v. During the hydrolysis, the glucose concentration continues to increase and starts to decrease after 9 h. Hydrolyzate solution fermentation obtained from hydrolysis in various enzyme ratios showed consistent results; the higher the enzyme ratio and glucose, and the higher the ethanol will be (5.6, 6.8, 7.6, and 8.9% v/v). The kinetics model by Valjamae is more appropriate to describe the enzymatic hydrolysis mechanism of passion fruit peel than Kopelman. The fractal exponent values obtained from Valjamae and Kopelman models were 0.28 and 0.27. In Valjamae model, the enzyme ratio rises, from 3 to 9% v/v, the rate constant rises from 0.22 to 0.53 1/h. In Kopelman model, the rate constant rises too, from 0.21 to 0.51 1/h.Keywords: bio-ethanol; cellulase; enzymatic hydrolysis; fractal kinetic; passion fruit peel

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Myszograj, Sylwia. "Biogas and Methane Potential of Pre-Thermally Disintegrated Bio-Waste." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 3880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203880.

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One of the environmental solutions employed in order to achieve circular economy goals is methane fermentation—a technology that is beneficial both for the stabilization and reduction of organic waste and for alternative energy generation. The article presents the results of research aimed at determining the biogas and methane potential of bio-waste which has been pre-thermally disintegrated, and determining the influence of variable process parameters of disintegration on the kinetics of fermentation. A first-order kinetic model was used to describe the fermentation as well as two mathematical models: logistic and Gompertz. It has been found that process parameters such as time (0.5, 1 and 2 h) and temperature (between 55 to 175 °C) have a significant effect on the solubilization efficiency of the bio-waste. The methane fermentation of thermally disintegrated bio-waste showed that the highest biogas potential is characterized by samples treated, respectively, for 0.5 h at 155 °C and for 2 h at 175 °C. The best match for the experimental data of biogas production from disintegrated substrates was demonstrated for the Gompertz model.

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Wu, Jianguo, Zhao Zhang, Jintao Xu, Xuanxian Lu, Chi Wang, Hui Xu, Haihang Yuan, and Ji Zhang. "Brewer’s grains with different pretreatments used as bio-adsorbents for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution." BioResources 15, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 6928–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6928-6940.

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Brewer’s grains (BG), a by-product of the beer industry, were first pretreated by sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor for the preparation of bio-adsorbents BGPH, BGPOH, and BGPB, respectively. All bio-adsorbents were rich in hydroxyl groups and could adsorb Congo red dye from aqueous solution, and BGPOH worked better than the others. The order of maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of bio-adsorbents for Congo red was BGPOH > BGPH > BGPB. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models all fit well with the experimental data. The negative Gibbs free energy change meant that the adsorption was spontaneous, and lower temperature was useful for the adsorption of Congo red onto the bio-adsorbents. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetics models fit well with the experimental data, and the second-order kinetics model fit better, which indicated the adsorption was controlled by diffusion phenomena. Brewer’s grains with the three pretreatments could be used as efficient adsorbents for the treatment of dye wastewater.

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Zhou, Cheng, Zhiyong Wei, Yang Yu, Yanshai Wang, and Yang Li. "Biobased copolyesters from renewable resources: synthesis and crystallization kinetics of poly(propylene sebacate-co-isosorbide sebacate)." RSC Advances 5, no. 84 (2015): 68688–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13177d.

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Misra, Koyel, Goutam Kr Ghosh, Ishani Mitra, Subhajit Mukherjee, Venkata P. Reddy B., Wolfgang Linert, Bashkim Misini, Jagadeesh C. Bose K, Sudit Mukhopadhyay, and Sankar Ch Moi. "Interaction of bio-relevant thio-ether and thiols with dinuclear Pd(ii) complex: kinetics, mechanism, bioactivity in aqueous medium and molecular docking." RSC Advances 5, no. 16 (2015): 12454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14881a.

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Zhou, Xinxing, Guangyuan Zhao, Miomir Miljković, Susan Tighe, Meizhu Chen, and Shaopeng Wu. "Crystallization kinetics and morphology of biochar modified bio-asphalt binder." Journal of Cleaner Production 349 (May 2022): 131495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131495.

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Pelucchi, Matteo, Carlo Cavallotti, Alberto Cuoci, Tiziano Faravelli, Alessio Frassoldati, and Eliseo Ranzi. "Detailed kinetics of substituted phenolic species in pyrolysis bio-oils." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 4, no. 3 (2019): 490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8re00198g.

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He, Miaomiao, Tao Wei, Liqun Zhang, and Qingxiu Jia. "Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of fully bio-based polyamides." Polymer Engineering & Science 56, no. 7 (April 15, 2016): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24311.

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