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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-inspired Electrodes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Yu, You, Yaokang Zhang, Kan Li, Casey Yan, and Zijian Zheng. "Bio-Inspired Chemical Fabrication of Stretchable Transparent Electrodes." Small 11, no. 28 (March 18, 2015): 3444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201500529.

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2

Chen, Jiaxin, Ziliang Li, Fenglou Ni, Weixin Ouyang, and Xiaosheng Fang. "Bio-inspired transparent MXene electrodes for flexible UV photodetectors." Materials Horizons 7, no. 7 (2020): 1828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh00394h.

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3

Sun, Yanshuo, Jianjun Zhang, Chengyu Li, Jin Yang, Hao Li, Tao Jiang, and Baodong Chen. "Double-Network Hydrogel for Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Integrated Electroluminescent Skin with Self-Powered Rapid Visual Sensing." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131928.

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Bio-inspired design plays a very significant role in adapting biological models to technical applications of flexible electronics. The flexible, stretchable, and portable electrode is one of the key technical challenges in the field. Inspired by the responses to mechanical stimuli of natural plants, we designed a highly transparent (over 95%), stretchable (over 1500%), and biocompatible electrode material by using polymerized double-network hydrogel for fabricating a triboelectric nanogenerator (SH-TENG). The SH-TENG can convert tiny mechanical stretching from human movements directly into electrical energy, and is capable of lighting up to 50 LEDs. Benefiting from bio-inspired design, the coplanar, non-overlapping electrode structure breaks through the limitations of conventional electrodes in wearable devices and overcomes the bottleneck of transparent materials. Furthermore, a self-powered raindrop visual sensing system was realized, which can perform quasi-real-time rainfall information monitoring and increase rainfall recognition ability of vehicle automatic driving systems. This study provides a novel strategy for making next-generation stretchable electronic devices and flexible visual sensing systems.

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4

Satpute, Nitin, Marek Iwaniec, Joanna Iwaniec, Manisha Mhetre, Swapnil Arawade, Siddharth Jabade, and Marian Banaś. "Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Based Vibration Energy Harvester Using Bio-Inspired Microparticles and Mechanical Motion Amplification." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031315.

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In this work, the novel design of a sliding mode TriboElectric Nano Generator (TENG)—which can utilize vibration amplitude of a few hundred microns to generate useful electric power—is proposed for the first time. Innovative design features include motion modification to amplify relative displacement of the TENG electrodes and use of biological material-based micron-sized powder at one of the electrodes to increase power output. The sliding mode TENG is designed and fabricated with use of polyurethane foam charged with the biological material micropowder and PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) strips as the electrodes. Experimentations on the prototype within frequency range of 0.5–6 Hz ensured peak power density of 0.262 mW/m2, corresponding to the TENG electrode size. Further numerical simulation is performed with the theoretical model to investigate the influence of various design parameters on the electric power generated by the TENG. Lastly, application of the proposed TENG is demonstrated in a wearable device as an in-shoe sensor. Conceptual arrangement of the proposed in-shoe sensor is presented, and numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate that the real size application can deliver peak power density of 0.747 mW/m2 and TENG; the voltage will accurately represent foot vertical force for various foot force patterns.

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5

Tao, Junliang, and Xiong (Bill) Yu. "Bio-inspired directional sensor with piezoelectric microfiber and helical electrodes." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 27, no. 13 (July 28, 2016): 1755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x15610904.

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6

Mukherjee, Manjistha, and Abhishek Dey. "A heterogeneous bio-inspired peroxide shunt for catalytic oxidation of organic molecules." Chemical Communications 56, no. 78 (2020): 11593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03468a.

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Iron porphyrins with three different axial ligands installed atop self-assembled monolayer modified gold electrodes can oxidize C–H bonds and epoxidize alkenes efficiently using H₂O₂via the formation of a high-valent intermediate.

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7

Tokida, Kenichiro, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Kenjiro Takemura, Shinichi Yokota, and Kazuya Edamura. "A Bio-Inspired Robot Using Electro-Conjugate Fluid." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 1 (February 20, 2013): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0016.

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Electro-Conjugate Fluid (ECF) is a kind of functional fluid that produces a jet flow (ECF jet) when subjected to high DC voltage. A strong ECF jet is known to be generated in a nonuniform electric field, for example, a field with a pair of needle and ring electrodes. This study introduces the ECF jet in developing a novel bio-inspired robot. We first propose the concept of a robot driven by an ECF jet. The robot is mainly composed of ECF jet generators (a micro fluid pressure source), fiber-reinforced rubber actuators, a built-in spring actuator, and an ECF tank. We next investigate the characteristics of the ECF jet generator, the fiberreinforced rubber actuator, and the built-in spring actuator. As a result, we confirmed that the maximum pressure and flow rate of the ECF jet generator are 32.0 kPa and 27.0 ml/min, respectively, and that the actuators could be driven by the ECF jet. We then developed a bio-inspired robot and demonstrated that the robot could move in a 14 mm diameter acrylic half pipe with 0.6 mm/s, and in a 14 mm diameter acrylic pipe with 0.5 mm/s. The robot is 300 mm long with a mass of 26 g.

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8

Khan, Ziyauddin, Sung O. Park, Juchan Yang, Seungyoung Park, Ravi Shanker, Hyun-Kon Song, Youngsik Kim, Sang Kyu Kwak, and Hyunhyub Ko. "Binary N,S-doped carbon nanospheres from bio-inspired artificial melanosomes: A route to efficient air electrodes for seawater batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 47 (2018): 24459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10327e.

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9

Meng, Tingting, Yimin Xuan, and Shengjie Peng. "Superior thermal-charging supercapacitors with bio-inspired electrodes of ultra-high surface areas." iScience 25, no. 4 (April 2022): 104113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104113.

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10

Yu, You, Yaokang Zhang, Kan Li, Casey Yan, and Zijian Zheng. "Flexible Electronics: Bio-Inspired Chemical Fabrication of Stretchable Transparent Electrodes (Small 28/2015)." Small 11, no. 28 (July 2015): 3504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201570169.

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11

Ozmen, Ozcan, John W. Zondlo, Shiwoo Lee, Kirk Gerdes, and Edward M. Sabolsky. "Bio-inspired surfactant assisted nano-catalyst impregnation of Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) electrodes." Materials Letters 164 (February 2016): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.10.159.

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12

Tran, Phong D., Vincent Artero, and Marc Fontecave. "Water electrolysis and photoelectrolysis on electrodes engineered using biological and bio-inspired molecular systems." Energy & Environmental Science 3, no. 6 (2010): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b926749b.

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13

Hong, Jin-Yong, Xu Yu, Bo Mee Bak, Changhyun Pang, and Ho Seok Park. "Bio-inspired functionalization and redox charge transfer of graphene oxide sponges for pseudocapacitive electrodes." Carbon 83 (March 2015): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.11.020.

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14

Jin, Yuqiang, Haocheng Yuan, Jin-Le Lan, Yunhua Yu, Yuan-Hua Lin, and Xiaoping Yang. "Bio-inspired spider-web-like membranes with a hierarchical structure for high performance lithium/sodium ion battery electrodes: the case of 3D freestanding and binder-free bismuth/CNF anodes." Nanoscale 9, no. 35 (2017): 13298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr04912a.

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15

Lin, Po-Wen, and Chien-Hao Liu. "Bio-Inspired Soft Proboscis Actuator Driven by Dielectric Elastomer Fluid Transducers." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010142.

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In recent years, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have attracted lots of attention for providing multiple degree-of-freedom motions, such as axial extensions, torsion, bending, and their combinations. The wide applications include soft robots, artificial muscles, and biomimetic animals. In general, DEAs are composed of stretchable elastomers sandwiched by two compliant electrodes and actuated by applying external electric stimuli. Since most DEAs are limited by the breakdown thresholds and low strain-to-volume ratios, dielectric fluid transducers (DFTs) have been developed by substituting dielectric elastomers with dielectric fluids for high breakdown threshold voltages. In addition, DFTs have large rate of lateral extensions, due to their fluid contents, and are beneficial for soft actuators and pumping applications. In this research, we exploited DFTs to develop a soft spiral proboscis actuator inspired by the proboscises of butterflies for achieving uncoiling and coiling motions under external voltages. The bio-inspired spiral proboscis actuator (BSPA) was composed of a coil-shaped tube, a DFT-based pouch, and a spiral spring for mimicking the tubular part, a mechanism to uncoil the tube, and a mechanism to coil the tube, respectively. When applying external voltages to the pouch, the high dielectric fluid was injected into the empty coiled tube for uncoiling where the tube elongated from a compact volume to a stiff and flexible shape. When removing the exciting voltages, the tube retracted to its original coiled shape via the elastic spring. A prototype was designed, fabricated, and examined with high stimulating voltages. It was demonstrated that the proboscis actuator could achieve uncoiling and coiling motions consistently for several cycles. Compared to convection DEA-based pumps with fixed shapes, the proposed actuator is soft and beneficial for portable applications and coiling/uncoiling motions.

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16

Sui, Chenxi, Yao‐Yu Li, Xiuqiang Li, Genesis Higueros, Keyu Wang, Wanrong Xie, and Po‐Chun Hsu. "Bio‐Inspired Computational Design of Vascularized Electrodes for High‐Performance Fast‐Charging Batteries Optimized by Deep Learning." Advanced Energy Materials 12, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 2103044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103044.

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17

Zeng, Juan, Lu Wei, and Xin Guo. "Bio-inspired high-performance solid-state supercapacitors with the electrolyte, separator, binder and electrodes entirely from kelp." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 48 (2017): 25282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta08095f.

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18

Cheng, Ming, Xichuan Yang, Cheng Chen, Jianghua Zhao, Fuguo Zhang, and Licheng Sun. "Dye-sensitized solar cells based on hydroquinone/benzoquinone as bio-inspired redox couple with different counter electrodes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, no. 36 (2013): 15146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp51980e.

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19

Sun, Zhuangzhi, Sicheng Liu, Zhaoxin Li, Xi Liu, Mingxing Jing, and Fuxiang Qin. "Improvement in electromechanical performance of degradable bio‐inspired soft ionic actuators with high energy density conductive electrodes." Polymer Composites 41, no. 4 (April 2020): 1462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.25469.

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20

Lieberzeit, Peter A., Abdul Rehman, Bita Najafi, and Franz L. Dickert. "Generating Bio-Analogous Recognition of Artificial Materials – Sensors and Electronic Noses for Odours." Advances in Science and Technology 58 (September 2008): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.58.103.

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Chemical sensing is a key application of bio-inspired smart materials. Artificial nanostructured layers mimicking biorecognition are synthetically accessible e.g. by imprinting techniques or affinity material nanoparticles. Hence, for detecting extremely malodorous organic thiols (butane/octance thiol), we designed molybdenum disulphide nanoparticles. In contrast to soft metals (e.g. gold) they interact with the SH-group fully reversibly leading to one of the first real QCM sensors for these compounds. Rationally varying the surface of the recognition material allows for optimizing the interaction properties. Electrolyzed gold e.g. shows sensor effects being about an order of magnitude higher than screen printed electrodes. Furthermore, molecular imprinting leads to highly selective cavities in polymers (polyurethanes, -styrenes, -acrylates) for detecting odorous compounds, e.g. aliphatic alcohols, ethyl acetate and limonene. With these materials, we designed an electronic nose for monitoring plant degradation processes based on a six-electrode QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) array. With a variety of degrading materials (grass, fruit, conifers), it determines the above analytes down to some ppm directly on-line. The concentration data can be extracted from the E-nose frequency shifts by Neural Networks and validated by GC-MS.

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21

Nobrega, Luiz, George Xavier, Marcus Aquino, Alexandre Serres, Camila Albuquerque, and Edson Costa. "Design and Development of a Bio-Inspired UHF Sensor for Partial Discharge Detection in Power Transformers." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030653.

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In this paper, the design and development of a bio-inspired UHF sensor for partial discharge detection in power transformers is presented. The UHF sensor was developed for external use in dielectric windows of power transformers. For this purpose, a microstrip antenna was designed with a radiating element shape based on the leaf of the Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill plant. Then, an epoxy coating and an aluminium enclosure were developed to protect the antenna against corrosion and to provide mechanical support, external noise immunity, and a lifetime compatibility with power transformers. In order to verify the electrical parameters of the developed sensor, measurements of the gain and the reflection coefficient were performed in an anechoic chamber. Lastly, the antenna sensitivity for denominated partial discharge (PD) detection was compared with the IEC 60270 standard method. For this purpose, simultaneous tests were carried out in a partial discharge generator setup, composed of an oil cell with needle-plane electrodes. The experimental tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the sensor for detecting PD signals with apparent charge values higher than 35 pC.

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22

Boruah, Bijoy Sankar, Dhruba jyoti Gogoi, and Rajib Biswas. "Bio-Inspired Finger like Cu-Electrodes as an Effective Sensing Tool for Heavy Metal Ion in Aqueous Solution." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 027526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab6a86.

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23

Yu, Chenyang, Hai Xu, Xi Zhao, Yue Sun, Zengyu Hui, Zhuzhu Du, Gengzhi Sun, et al. "Scalable preparation of high performance fibrous electrodes with bio-inspired compact core-fluffy sheath structure for wearable supercapacitors." Carbon 157 (February 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.10.020.

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24

Gong, Minglei, Wei Li, Fei Fan, Yu Chen, and Bin Zhang. "In-Situ Surface Modification of ITO Substrate via Bio-Inspired Mussel Chemistry for Organic Memory Devices." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040237.

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The development of organic memory devices, regarding factors such as structure construction, principle exploration, and material design, has become a powerful supplement to traditional silicon-based information storage. The in-situ growth of materials on substrate surfaces can achieve closer bonding between materials and electrodes. Bio-inspired by mussel chemistry, polydopamine (PDA) was self-assembled on a flexible substrate as a connecting layer, and 2-bromoiso-butyryl bromide (BiBB) was utilized as an initiator for the polymerization of an iridium complex via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). A device with the structure of Al/PDA-PPy3Ir/ITO was constructed after the deposition of aluminum. The device exhibited a nonvolatile rewritable memory characteristic with a turn-on voltage of −1.0 V and an ON/OFF current ratio of 6.3 × 103. In addition, the memory performance of the Al/PDA-PPy3Ir/ITO device remained stable at bending states due to the intrinsic flexibility of the active layer, which can be expanded into the establishment of flexible memory devices. Spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization suggested that the resistive memory properties of the device stemmed from charge transfer between PDA and iridium polymer in the active layer (PDA-PPy3Ir) under an applied voltage.

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25

He, Qingsong, Guoxiao Yin, David Vokoun, Qi Shen, Ji Lu, Xiaofang Liu, Xianrui Xu, Min Yu, and Zhendong Dai. "Review on Improvement, Modeling, and Application of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Artificial Muscle." Journal of Bionic Engineering 19, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42235-022-00153-9.

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AbstractRecently, researchers have concentrated on studying ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) artificial muscle, which has numerous advantages including a relatively large strain under low input voltage, flexibility, high response, low noise, light weight, and high driving energy density. This paper reports recent developments in IPMC artificial muscle, including improvement methods, modeling, and applications. Different types of IPMCs are described, along with various methods for overcoming some shortcomings, including improvement of Nafion matrix membranes, surface preparation of Nafion membranes, the choice of high-performing electrodes, and new electro-active polymers for enhancing the properties of IPMCs. IPMC models are also reviewed, providing theoretical guidance for studying the performance and applications of IPMCs. Successful applications such as bio-inspired robots, opto-mechatronic systems, and medical engineering are discussed.

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26

Corbaci, Mert, Wayne Walter, and Kathleen Lamkin-Kennard. "Implementation of Soft-Lithography Techniques for Fabrication of Bio-Inspired Multi-Layer Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Interdigitated Mechanically Compliant Electrodes." Actuators 7, no. 4 (October 21, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7040073.

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Advancements in software engineering have enabled the robotics industry to transition from the use of giant industrial robots to more friendly humanoid robots. Soft robotics is one of the key elements needed to advance the transition process by providing a safer way for robots to interact with the environment. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are one of the best candidate materials for the next generation of soft robotic actuators and artificial muscles. Lightweight dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) provide optimal properties such as high elasticity, rapid response rates, mechanical robustness and compliance. However, for DEAs to become widely used as artificial muscles or soft actuators, there are current limitations, such as high actuation voltage requirements, control of actuation direction, and scaling, that need to be addressed. The authors’ approach to overcome the drawbacks of conventional DEAs is inspired by the natural skeletal muscles. Instead of fabricating a large DEA device, smaller sub-units can be fabricated and bundled together to form larger actuators, similar to the way myofibrils form myocytes in skeletal muscles. The current study presents a novel fabrication approach, utilizing soft lithography and other microfabrication techniques, to allow fabrication of multilayer stacked DEA structures, composed of hundreds of micro-sized DEA units.

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27

Ren, Hao, He Tian, Hyung-Sool Lee, Taejin Park, Frederick C. Leung, Tian-Ling Ren, and Junseok Chae. "Regulating the respiration of microbe: A bio-inspired high performance microbial supercapacitor with graphene based electrodes and its kinetic features." Nano Energy 15 (July 2015): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.05.030.

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28

Gao, Tianhan, and Wei Lu. "Electrolyte Channel Design By Physical Model and Machine Learning." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 5 (October 9, 2022): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025562mtgabs.

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Thick electrode is highly effective to increase the specific energy of a battery cell, but the associated increase in transport distance causes a major barrier for fast charging. We introduce a bio-inspired electrolyte channel design into thick electrodes to improve the cell performance, especially under fast charging conditions. The effects of channel length, width, tapering degree and active material width on the electrochemical performance and mechanical integrity are investigated. Machine learning by deep neural network (DNN) is developed to relate the geometrical parameters of channels to the overall cell performance. Integrating machine learning with the Markov chain Monte Carlo gradient descent optimization, we demonstrate that the complicated multivariable channel geometry optimization problem can be efficiently solved. The results show that within a certain range of geometrical parameters, the specific energy, specific capacity and specific power can be greatly improved. At the same time, the maximum first principal stress which is in the cathode region next to the separator can be significantly reduced, giving better mechanical integrity. Comparing to conventional designed cells without electrolyte channels, we show a 79% increase in specific energy using channel design optimization. This study provides a design strategy and optimization method to achieve significantly improved battery performance

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29

Dodón, Alisson, Vanessa Quintero, Miguel Chen Austin, and Dafni Mora. "Bio-Inspired Electricity Storage Alternatives to Support Massive Demand-Side Energy Generation: A Review of Applications at Building Scale." Biomimetics 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6030051.

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This work has its origin in the growing demands of energy regulations to meet future local targets and to propose a global implementation framework. A literature review related to conventional electrical energy storage systems has been carried out, presenting different cases analyzed at building scale to deepen in nature-inspired processes that propose reductions in environmental impact and present improvements in these storage devices. The use of batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries, is the most prominent among the electrical storage applications; however, improvements have been proposed through hydrogen batteries or the implementation of more environmentally friendly materials to manufacture the electrodes. In this sense, oriented to creating systems designed to protect the environment, important advances have been made in the development of storage systems based on biomimetic strategies. The latter range from the generation of energy through the respiratory processes of microorganisms to the recreation of the generation, storage, and release of energy using the thermoelectric and thermoregulatory characteristics of some insects. These facts show that the trend in research towards improving existing systems continues but reinforces the idea that new solutions must be environmentally friendly, so there is still a long way to improving the processes established thus far.

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30

Rodriguez-Maciá, Patricia, Arnab Dutta, Wolfgang Lubitz, Wendy J. Shaw, and Olaf Rüdiger. "Direct Comparison of the Performance of a Bio-inspired Synthetic Nickel Catalyst and a [NiFe]-Hydrogenase, Both Covalently Attached to Electrodes." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, no. 42 (July 3, 2015): 12303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201502364.

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31

Brun, Christophe, Corentin Carmignani, Cheikh Tidiane-Diagne, Simona Torrengo, Pierre-Henri Elchinger, Patrick Reynaud, Aurélie Thuaire, et al. "First Integration Steps of Cu-based DNA Nanowires for interconnections." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (January 1, 2016): 000650–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-tp15.

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In the wide range of emergent nanotechnologies, DNA-based microelectronics has shown an important potential for components miniaturization and auto-assembling approaches applicable to future silicon-based electronic circuits [1]. In order to pursue the Moore's law, interconnections must be indeed addressed at the nanoscale, with a good control of their size, location and electrical & thermal performances. With its natural auto-assembling property, its 2-nm-double-helix diameter and its several metallization possibilities, DNA is a promising candidate to build bio-inspired electronic components [1]. DNA has been first metallized by Erez Braun in 1998 using a silver electroless method [2]. Since 1998, several groups have worked on DNA metallization using different chemistries with metals such as Pd, Pt, Au, Ag and Cu [3]. Most of these works have presented electrical and morphological characterizations of few metallic nanowires. However, in order to initiate DNA-based-nanowires integration on silicon technologies, we must start to implement nanowires on silicon at wafer scale. We have thus developed a platform based on silicon technologies providing morphological and electrical characterizations of copper nanowires built from DNA [4]. This platform will allow us to simultaneously characterize a large number of nanowires, returning a statistic of their electrical performance, and thus allowing the optimization of the copper nanowire metallization process. Two main approaches are proposed to fabricate and contact a large number of copper nanowires with metallic electrodes in order to study their electrical behavior. In both approaches, a linear 16-μm-length DNA phage is used. The first approach consists in aligning DNA wires on a hydrophobic silicon oxide surface by a method called DNA combing. On a second time, aligned DNA wires are all metallized by electroless process [4]. 5-nm-diameter copper nanowires have been so far achieved by this method and focus on improving the metallization process is currently at stake. Finally, Ti/Au electrodes are fabricated on the nanowires by a classical lift-off process in order to electrically connect them. The advantage of this approach is the very accurate nanowires alignment and their homogeneity over the surface. However, the low number of aligned nanowires per surface unit (10–20μm−2) and the high electrical resistance of each (>kohms) makes the electrical characterization quite complex. On the other side, the second approach consists in fabricating the Ti/Au electrodes first and then aligning or randomly depositing the copper nanowires at their surface. Same protocols are used to align and metallize the DNA nanowires for both approaches. The advantage of this second approach is a higher nanowire density deposited on the electrodes. However, a higher contact resistance and a lower control of nanowires alignment are obtained. Both approaches are currently explored and permit to explore a wide range of parameters for copper nanowires metallization process improvement.

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32

Bermejo, Raúl, Lucie Šestáková, Hannes Grünbichler, Tanja Lube, Peter Supancic, and Robert Danzer. "Fracture Mechanisms of Structural and Functional Multilayer Ceramic Structures." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.41.

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The fracture of mechanically loaded ceramics is a consequence of material critical defects located either within the bulk or at the surface, resulting from the processing and/or machining and handling procedures. The size and type of these defects determine the mechanical strength of the specimens, yielding a statistically variable strength and brittle fracture which limits their use for load-bearing applications. In recent years the attempt to design bio-inspired multilayer ceramics has been proposed as an alternative choice for the design of structural components with improved fracture toughness (e.g. through energy release mechanisms such as crack branching or crack deflection) and mechanical reliability (i.e. flaw tolerant materials). This approach could be extended to complex multilayer engineering components such as piezoelectric actuators or LTCCs (consisting of an interdigitated layered structure of ceramic layers and thin metal electrodes) in order to enhance their performance functionality as well as ensuring mechanical reliability. In this work the fracture mechanisms in several structural and functional multilayer components are investigated in order to understand the role of the microstructure and layered architecture (e.g. metal-ceramic or ceramic-ceramic) on their mechanical behaviour. Design guidelines based on experiments and theoretical approaches are given aiming to enhance the reliability of multilayer components.

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33

García‐Melendrez, Jaime, Walter M. Warren‐Vega, Ana I. Zárate‐Guzmán, Francisco Carrasco‐Marín, Linda V. González‐Gutiérrez, and Luis A. Romero‐Cano. "Development of Bio‐inspired Composite Materials for the Detection of Traces of Silver Present in Water: Use of Taguchi Methodology to Design Low‐cost Carbon Paste Electrodes." Electroanalysis 33, no. 8 (June 30, 2021): 1952–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.202100030.

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34

Li, Shun, Ming Yang, Guijin He, Dongmei Qi, and Jianguo Huang. "A Cellulose-Derived Nanofibrous MnO2-TiO2-Carbon Composite as Anodic Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 3411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123411.

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A bio-inspired nanofibrous MnO2-TiO2-carbon composite was prepared by utilizing natural cellulosic substances (e.g., ordinary quantitative ashless filter paper) as both the carbon source and structural matrix. Mesoporous MnO2 nanosheets were densely immobilized on an ultrathin titania film precoated with cellulose-derived carbon nanofibers, which gave a hierarchical MnO2-TiO2-carbon nanoarchitecture and exhibited excellent electrochemical performances when used as an anodic material for lithium-ion batteries. The MnO2-TiO2-carbon composite with a MnO2 content of 47.28 wt % exhibited a specific discharge capacity of 677 mAh g−1 after 130 repeated charge/discharge cycles at a current rate of 100 mA g−1. The contribution percentage of MnO2 in the composite material is equivalent to 95.1% of the theoretical capacity of MnO2 (1230 mAh g−1). The ultrathin TiO2 precoating layer with a thickness ca. 2 nm acts as a crucial interlayer that facilitates the growth of well-organized MnO2 nanosheets onto the surface of the titania-carbon nanofibers. Due to the interweaved network structures of the carbon nanofibers and the increased content of the immobilized MnO2, the exfoliation and aggregation, as well as the large volume change of the MnO2 nanosheets, are significantly inhibited; thus, the MnO2-TiO2-carbon electrodes displayed outstanding cycling performance and a reversible rate capability during the Li+ insertion/extraction processes.

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Ryu, Dong Hyeon, and Kenneth J. Loh. "Analyzing the Strain Sensing Response of Photoactive Thin Films Using Absorption Spectroscopy." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.695.

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Structural health monitoring systems are required for detecting damage in structures so as to facilitate their timely maintenance and repair and to prevent catastrophic structural failure. To date, a variety of different sensor platforms (e.g., piezoelectric materials, fiber optics, and wireless sensors) have been proposed for SHM. However, they still suffer from high energy demand, large form factors, and durability issues, particularly when applied for monitoring space structures and reusable spacecraft. In a previous study, a bio-inspired and photocurrent-based strain sensor has been developed. This poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based nanocomposite sensor has been shown to generate photocurrent whose magnitude varies in tandem with applied strain. However, the photocurrent generation performance of the sensor is quite low. In addition, the strain sensing mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, the performance of the photoactive thin films were enhanced, and its strain sensing characteristics were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. First, multilayered photoactive and P3HT-based thin films were assembled via spin coating. The photocurrent generation performance of the films was evaluated using two methodologies, namely its photocurrent time history and current-voltage (IV) response. Uniform coating of the photoactive layer and high purity aluminum electrodes were crucial for improving their photocurrent generation. Second, light absorption properties of the P3HT-based photoactive layer were investigated at different strain levels using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Light absorption was shown to vary linearly with applied tensile strains.

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Winkless, Laurie. "Bio-inspired electrode for fuel cells." Materials Today 19, no. 4 (May 2016): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2016.03.007.

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Lu, Xu, Zhan Jiang, Xiaolei Yuan, Yueshen Wu, Richard Malpass-Evans, Yiren Zhong, Yongye Liang, Neil B. McKeown, and Hailiang Wang. "A bio-inspired O2-tolerant catalytic CO2 reduction electrode." Science Bulletin 64, no. 24 (December 2019): 1890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.008.

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Huan, Tran N., Reuben T. Jane, Anass Benayad, Laure Guetaz, Phong D. Tran, and Vincent Artero. "Bio-inspired noble metal-free nanomaterials approaching platinum performances for H2 evolution and uptake." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 3 (2016): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee02739j.

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3D structuring of the electrode boosts the performances of molecular-engineered nanomaterials based on bio-inspired nickel-diphosphine catalysts operating at the thermodynamic equilibrium in PEMFC relevant conditions.

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39

Agee, Alec, Thomas Mark Gill, Gordon Pace, Rachel Segalman, and Ariel Furst. "Electrochemical Characterization of Biomolecular Electron Transfer at Conductive Polymer Interfaces." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 170, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 016509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb239.

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Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) are promising for renewable energy generation but remain hindered by inefficient electron transfer at electrode surfaces. As the toolbox of bio-anode materials increases, rigorous electrochemical characterization of emerging materials is needed. Here, we holistically characterize the electrochemical interaction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN), an electron shuttle in biological systems and a cofactor for oxidoreductase enzymes, with the bio-inspired mixed conducting polymer poly{3-[6′-(N-methylimidazolium)hexyl]thiophene} (P3HT-Im+). The behavior of this polymer is compared to the equivalent polymer without the histidine-like imidazolium. We find improved conductivity and charge storage in imidazolium-containing polymers beyond what is explained by differences in the electroactive area. The P3HT-Im+ further shows internal charge storage but with negligible faradaic contribution, indicating that charge storage capacity may translate to improved biocatalysis non-intuitive ways. Finally, one-electron transfer is observed between FMN and glassy carbon, while a bio-similar two-electron transfer is observed for the P3HT-Im+. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a concerted two-electron transfer between FMN and an electrode interface, which we attribute to the bio-inspired, histidine-like imidazolium functional groups in the polymer. These studies demonstrate the importance of bio-relevant materials characterization when such materials are deployed in BESs.

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Chandrasekaran, Soundarrajan, Thomas J. Macdonald, Yatin J. Mange, Nicolas H. Voelcker, and Thomas Nann. "A quantum dot sensitized catalytic porous silicon photocathode." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 25 (2014): 9478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01677g.

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The fabrication and characterisation of a nano-structured photocathode using indium phosphide QDs and a bio-inspired Fe₂S₂(CO)₆ catalyst sensitized on a p-type porous silicon electrode.

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CHO, Young Ho. "WS-05 BIO-INSPIRED DIGITAL NANOACTUATORS AND BRANCHED ELECTRODE MOTION DETECTORS." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2003 (2003): _W—18_—_W—23_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2003._w-18_.

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Seyyedi, Behnam. "Bio-inspired iron metal–carbon black based nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2016-0081.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce bio-inspired FeN4-S-C black nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The FeN4-S-C derived without pyrolysis of precursors in high temperature is recognized as a new electrocatalyst for the ORR in an alkaline electrolyte. For the proper design of bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR performance, chlorinated iron (II) phthalocyanine nanoparticles were used as templates for achieving the active sites in aqueous KOH by rotating disk electrode methods. The most active FeN4-S-C catalyst exhibited a remarkable ORR activity in the alkaline medium. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the possibility of nanoscale particles size (Ëœ5nm) of electrocatalyst, to achieve four-electron transfer mechanism and to exhibit much superior catalytic stability in measurements. This paper will shed light on bio-inspired FeN4-S-C materials for the ORR catalysis in alkaline fuel cells. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a new bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR, which has activity nearby platinum/carbon electrocatalyst. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles have been used as FeN4 template, which is the key point for the ORR. Bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst has been fabricated using chlorinated iron phthalocyanine, sodium sulphide and carbon black. Findings The particles’ size was 5 nm and electron transfer number was 4. Research limitations/implications The catalyst that is used in this method should be weighed carefully. In addition, the solvent should be a saturated solution of NaCl in water. Practical implications The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of iron-based catalyst for ORR. Originality/value The method for the synthesis of bio-inspired electrocatalyst was novel and can find numerous applications in industries, especially as ORR non-precious metal catalyst.

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Gottwald, Martin, and Gerhard von der Emde. "Bio-Inspired Active Electrolocation Sensors for Inspection of Tube Systems." Advances in Science and Technology 84 (September 2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.84.45.

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At night, weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii use active electrolocation to scan their environment with self generated electric fields. Nearby objects distort the electric fields and are recognized as electric images on the electroreceptive skin surface of the animal. By analyzing the electric image, G. petersii can sense an object’s distance, dimensions and electrical properties. The principles and algorithms of active electrolocation can be applied to catheter-based sensor systems for analysing wall changes in fluid filled tube systems, for example atherosclerotic plaques of the coronary blood vessels. We used a basic atherosclerosis model of synthetic blood vessels and plaques, which were scanned with a ring electrode catheter applying active electrolocation. Based on the electric images of the plaques and the evaluation of bio-inspired image parameters, the plaque’s fine-structure could be assessed. Our results show that imaging through active electrolocation principally has the potential to detect and characterize atherosclerotic lesions.

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Jun, K. W., J. M. Lee, J. Y. Lee, and I. K. Oh. "Bio-Inspired Dielectric Elastomer Actuator with AgNWs Coated on Carbon Black Electrode." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 7483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.9573.

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Riley, Scott J. "Shocking the World of Batteries: A Bio-Inspired Approach to Electrode Construction." Biophysical Journal 108, no. 2 (January 2015): 630a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.3423.

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Chen, Chaozhan, Bin Ran, Bo Liu, Xiaoxuan Liu, Jing Jin, and Yonggang Zhu. "Numerical Study on a Bio-Inspired Micropillar Array Electrode in a Microfluidic Device." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100878.

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The micropillar array electrode (µAE) has been widely applied in microchip-based electrochemical detection systems due to a large current response. However, it was found that amplifying the current through further adjusting geometrical parameters is generally hindered by the shielding effect. To solve this problem, a bio-inspired micropillar array electrode (bµAE) based on the microfluidic device has been proposed in this study. The inspiration is drawn from the structure of leatherback sea turtles’ mouths. By deforming a μAE to rearrange the micropillars on bilateral sides of the microchannel, the contact area between micropillars and analytes increases, and thus the current is substantially improved. A numerical simulation was then used to characterize the electrochemical performance of bµAEs. The effects of geometrical and hydrodynamic parameters on the current of bµAEs were investigated. Moreover, a prototypical microchip integrated with bµAE was fabricated for detailed electrochemical measurement. The chronoamperometry measurements were conducted to verify the theoretical performance of bµAEs, and the results suggest that the experimental data are in good agreement with those of the simulation model. This work presents a novel bµAE with great potential for highly sensitive electrochemical detection and provides a new perspective on the efficient configuration of the µAE.

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Cruz, Josiel, Alexandre Serres, Adriano de Oliveira, George Xavier, Camila de Albuquerque, Edson da Costa, and Raimundo Freire. "Bio-inspired Printed Monopole Antenna Applied to Partial Discharge Detection." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030628.

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A new, bio-inspired printed monopole antenna (PMA) model is applied to monitor partial discharge (PD) activity in high voltage insulating systems. An optimized sensor was obtained by designing a PMA in accordance with the characteristics of the electromagnetic signal produced by PD. An ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna was obtained by applying the truncated ground plane technique. The patch geometry was bio-inspired by that of the Inga Marginata leaf, resulting in a significant reduction in size. To verify the operating frequency and gain of the PMA, measurements were carried out in an anechoic chamber. The results show that the antenna operating bandwidth covers most of the frequency range of PD occurrence. Moreover, the antenna presented a good sensitivity (mean gain of 3.63 dBi). The antenna performance was evaluated through comparative results with the standard IEC 60270 method. For this purpose, simultaneous tests were carried out in a PD generator arrangement, composed by an oil cell with point-to-plane electrode configurations. The developed PMA can be classified as an optimized sensor for PD detection and suitable for substation application, since it is able to measure PD radiated signals with half the voltage levels obtained from the IEC method and is immune to corona discharges.

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Wang, Nan, Elgar Kanhere, Jianmin Miao, and Michael S. Triantafyllou. "Miniaturized chemical sensor with bio-inspired micropillar working electrode array for lead detection." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 233 (October 2016): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.04.048.

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Shi, Qiongfeng, and Chengkuo Lee. "Self‐Powered Bio‐Inspired Spider‐Net‐Coding Interface Using Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator." Advanced Science 6, no. 15 (May 29, 2019): 1900617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201900617.

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Tang, Tong, Shizhong Cui, Weihua Chen, Hongwei Hou, and Liwei Mi. "Bio-inspired nano-engineering of an ultrahigh loading 3D hierarchical Ni@NiCo2S4/Ni3S2 electrode for high energy density supercapacitors." Nanoscale 11, no. 4 (2019): 1728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr09754b.

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