Journal articles: 'Bio-inspired compound'

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Bete, Sarah C., Christian Würtele, and Matthias Otte. "A bio-inspired imidazole-functionalised copper cage complex." Chemical Communications 55, no. 30 (2019): 4427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc00437h.

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Park, Jong Jin, and Bharat Dave. "Bio-inspired Parametric Design for Adaptive Stadium Façades." Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building - Conference Series 2, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb-cs.v2i2.3886.

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The challenge of developing sustainable, adaptive architecture requires unconventional approaches to innovative knowledge about composition and dynamic interaction between building façades and environmental conditions. These approaches are often inspired by biology, its complex fine-tuned behaviour and integration of living systems. This paper proposes a system inspired from the optics of reflecting superposition compound eyes to create responsive façade structures that capture and distribute daylight within a building in response to the movement of the sun. This is investigated using the parametric reshaping of a building envelop as part of solar radiation and target ray simulations. The prototype façade system is capable of adapting to different functional needs, locations, times of the day, and other contextual conditions.Keywords: Biomimetics, kinetic/adaptive façades, reflecting superposition compound eyes

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Koch, Claudia, Diana-Maria Dreavă, Anamaria Todea, Francisc Péter, Mihai Medeleanu, Iulia Păușescu, Corina Samoilă, and Ioan Ovidiu Sîrbu. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Properties of New Bio-Inspired Xanthylium Derivatives." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 22, 2023): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031102.

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Xanthylium derivatives are curcumin analogs showing photochromic properties. Similarly, to anthocyanins, they follow the same multistate network of chemical species that are reversibly interconverted by external stimuli. In the present work, two new asymmetric monocarbonyl analogues of curcumin, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-metoxybenzylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxanthylium chloride (compound 3) and 4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxanthylium chloride (compound 4) were synthesized, and their photochromic and biological properties were investigated. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and the direct and reverse pH-jumps studies confirmed the halochromic properties and the existence of different molecular species. A network of chemical reactions of these species was proposed. Furthermore, the antiproliferative properties of both compounds were evaluated using P19 murine embryocarcinoma cells and compared with each other. The results demonstrate that both new xanthylium derivatives modify the progression through the cell cycle of P19 cells, which translates into a significant antiproliferative effect. The effect of the methoxy group position is discussed and several checkpoint proteins are advanced as putative targets.

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Davis, J. D., S. F. Barrett, C. H. G. Wright, and M. Wilcox. "A bio-inspired apposition compound eye machine vision sensor system." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 4, no. 4 (November 9, 2009): 046002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/4/4/046002.

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Dupeyroux, Julien, Stéphane Viollet, and Julien R. Serres. "Polarized skylight-based heading measurements: a bio-inspired approach." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 150 (January 2019): 20180878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0878.

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Many insects such as desert ants, crickets, locusts, dung beetles, bees and monarch butterflies have been found to extract their navigation cues from the regular pattern of the linearly polarized skylight. These species are equipped with ommatidia in the dorsal rim area of their compound eyes, which are sensitive to the angle of polarization of the skylight. In the polarization-based robotic vision, most of the sensors used so far comprise high-definition CCD or CMOS cameras topped with linear polarizers. Here, we present a 2-pixel polarization-sensitive visual sensor, which was strongly inspired by the dorsal rim area of desert ants' compound eyes, designed to determine the direction of polarization of the skylight. The spectral sensitivity of this minimalistic sensor, which requires no lenses, is in the ultraviolet range. Five different methods of computing the direction of polarization were implemented and tested here. Our own methods, the extended and AntBot method, outperformed the other three, giving a mean angular error of only 0.62° ± 0.40° (median: 0.24°) and 0.69° ± 0.52° (median: 0.39°), respectively (mean ± standard deviation). The results obtained in outdoor field studies show that our celestial compass gives excellent results at a very low computational cost, which makes it highly suitable for autonomous outdoor navigation purposes.

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Wu, Xinyu, and Vishal Saxena. "Dendritic-Inspired Processing Enables Bio-Plausible STDP in Compound Binary Synapses." IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 18 (2019): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnano.2018.2871680.

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Shi, Gang, Junling Guo, Likui Wang, Xinxin Sang, Ju Wang, Jingguo Yang, and Ying Li. "Photoactive PANI/TiO2/Si composite coatings with 3D bio-inspired structures." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 15 (2017): 6965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00395a.

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Nicolaou, K. C., Roman A. Valiulin, Jonathan K. Pokorski, Vicki Chang, and Jason S. Chen. "Bio-inspired synthesis and biological evaluation of a colchicine-related compound library." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22, no. 11 (June 2012): 3776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.007.

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Mondal, Pritam, Garrett B. Tolbert, and Gayan B. Wijeratne. "Bio-inspired nitrogen oxide (NOx) interconversion reactivities of synthetic heme Compound-I and Compound-II intermediates." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 226 (January 2022): 111633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111633.

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Bing-Shan, Hu, Wang Li-Wen, Fu Zhuang, and Zhao Yan-zheng. "Bio-inspired Miniature Suction Cups Actuated by Shape Memory Alloy." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/7228.

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Wall climbing robots using negative pressure suction always employ air pumps which have great noise and large volume. Two prototypes of bio-inspired miniature suction cup actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) are designed based on studying characteristics of biologic suction apparatuses, and the suction cups in this paper can be used as adhesion mechanisms for miniature wall climbing robots without air pumps. The first prototype with a two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) extension TiNi spring imitates the piston structure of the stalked sucker; the second one actuated by a one way SMA actuator with a bias has a basic structure of stiff margin, guiding element, leader and elastic element. Analytical model of the second prototype is founded considering the constitutive model of the SMA actuator, the deflection of the thin elastic plate under compound load and the thermo-dynamic model of the sealed air cavity. Experiments are done to test their suction characteristics, and the analytical model of the second prototype is simulated on Matlab/simulink platform and validated by experiments.

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Xu, Ming, Cheng Rong, and Long He. "Design and Modeling of a Bio-Inspired Flexible Joint Actuator." Actuators 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10050095.

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Spiders rely on a hydraulic system to stretch their legs but use muscles to make their legs flex. The compound drive of hydraulics and muscle makes an integrate dexterous structure with powerful locomotion abilities, which perfectly meets the primary requirements of advanced robots. Inspired by this hydraulics-muscle co-drive joint, a novel flexible joint actuator was proposed and its driving characteristics were preliminarily explored. The bio-inspired flexible joint manifested as a double-constrained balloon actuator, which was fabricated by the composite process of 3D printing and casting. To evaluate its performance, the mathematical model was deduced, as well as the finite element analysis (FEA) model. A series of experiments on the rotation angles, driving forces, and efficiencies of the flexible joint were carried out and compared with the mathematical calculations and FEA simulations. The results show that the accuracy of the two theoretical models can be used to assess the joint actuator. The locomotion test of a soft arthropod robot with two flexible joints was also implemented, where the moving speed reached 22 mm/s and the feasibility of the proposed flexible joint applied to a soft robot was demonstrated.

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Zhang, Gang, Fuxin Du, Shaowei Xue, Hao Cheng, Xingyao Zhang, Rui Song, and Yibin Li. "Design and Modeling of a Bio-Inspired Compound Continuum Robot for Minimally Invasive Surgery." Machines 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10060468.

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The continuum robot is a new type of bionic robot which is widely used in the medical field. However, the current structure of the continuum robot limits its application in the field of minimally invasive surgery. In this paper, a bio-inspired compound continuum robot (CCR) combining the concentric tube continuum robot (CTR) and the notched continuum robot is proposed to design a high-dexterity minimally invasive surgical instrument. Then, a kinematic model, considering the stability of the CTR part, was established. The unstable operation of the CCR is avoided. The simulation of the workspace shows that the introduction of the notched continuum robot expands the workspace of CTR. The dexterity indexes of the robots are proposed. The simulation shows that the dexterity of the CCR is 1.472 times that of the CTR. At last, the length distribution of the CCR is optimized based on the dexterity index by using a fruit fly optimization algorithm. The simulations show that the optimized CCR is more dexterous than before. The dexterity of the CCR is increased by 1.069 times. This paper is critical for the development of high-dexterity minimally invasive surgical instruments such as those for the brain, blood vessels, heart and lungs.

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Bassanini, Ivan, Silvia Parapini, Erica E. Ferrandi, Elena Gabriele, Nicoletta Basilico, Donatella Taramelli, and Anna Sparatore. "Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Investigation of Novel Basic Celastrol Carboxamides as Bio-Inspired Leishmanicidal Agents Endowed with Inhibitory Activity against Leishmania Hsp90." Biomolecules 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010056.

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The natural triterpene celastrol (CE) is here used as lead compound for the design and synthesis of a panel of eleven CE carboxamides that were tested in vitro for their growth inhibitory activity against Leishmania infantum and L.tropica parasites. Among them, in vitro screening identified four basic CE carboxamides endowed with nanomolar leishmanicidal activity, against both the promastigotes and the intramacrophage Leishmania amastigotes forms. These compounds also showed low toxicity toward two human (HMEC-1 and THP-1) and one murine (BMDM) cell lines. Interestingly, the most selective CE analogue (compound 3) was also endowed with the ability to inhibit the ATPase activity of the Leishmania protein chaperone Hsp90 as demonstrated by the in vitro assay conducted on a purified, full-length recombinant protein. Preliminary investigations by comparing it with the naturally occurring Hsp90 active site inhibitor Geldanamycin (GA) in two different in vitro experiments were performed. These promising results set the basis for a future biochemical investigation of the mode of interaction of celastrol and CE-inspired compounds with Leishmania Hsp90.

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Nam, Kyung Mok, Yoon Joo Lee, Soo Ryong Kim, Woo Teck Kwon, Hyung Sun Kim, and Y. Kim. "Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Al₂O₃/Polymer Composite." Materials Science Forum 724 (June 2012): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.107.

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The formation of organic-inorganic hybrid composite with ceramic platelets and polymeric compound can have the higher strength and higher elasticity than metal, which is a nanocomposite with high strength and light weight. Ceramic platelet such as Al2O3has been used to form organic-inorganic composite material using PMMA as an organic polymer. Bending strength and density of the composites prepared by infiltration and post-warm pressing were measured. FE-SEM and TG analysis were carried out to determine the microstructure of the organic-inorganic composite materials. Bending strengths and densities of the composites prepared by Al2O3ceramic plate and PMMA after post-warm pressing were ~70MPa and ranged from 2.4 to 2.6, respectively.

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Tan, Aik Sian, Jaymeer Singh, Nurul Syafiqah Rezali, Musthahimah Muhamad, Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal, Yvan Six, and Mohamad Nurul Azmi. "Synthesis of Bio-Inspired 1,3-Diarylpropene Derivatives via Heck Cross-Coupling and Cytotoxic Evaluation on Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 5373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175373.

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The Heck cross-coupling reaction is a well-established chemical tool for the synthesis of unsaturated compounds by formation of a new C-C bond. In this study, 1,3-diarylpropene derivatives, designed as structural analogues of stilbenoids and dihydrostilbenoids, were synthesised by the palladium-catalysed reactions of 2-amidoiodobenzene derivatives with either estragole or eugenol. The products were obtained with high (E) stereoselectivity but as two regioisomers. The ratios of isomers were found to be dependent on the nature of the allylbenzene partner and were rationalised by electronic effects exercising a determining influence in the β-hydride elimination step. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of all the Heck reaction products were evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, with unpromising results. Among all, compound 7d exhibited weak cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 47.92 µM in comparison with tamoxifen and was considered to have general toxicity (SI value < 2).

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Chen, Long, Yanlai Zhang, Chao Zhou, and Jianghao Wu. "Aerodynamic mechanisms in bio-inspired micro air vehicles: a review in the light of novel compound layouts." IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-csr.2018.0007.

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Vu, Duc Tu, Ngoc Minh Kieu, Tran Quoc Tien, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, Hoang Vu, Seoyong Shin, and Ngoc Hai Vu. "Solar Concentrator Bio-Inspired by the Superposition Compound Eye for High-Concentration Photovoltaic System up to Thousands Fold Factor." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 3406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093406.

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We have proposed a fruitful design principle targeting a concentration ratio (CR) >1000× for a typical high concentrating photovoltaics (HCPV) system, on account of a two-concentrator system + homogenizer. The principle of a primary dual-lens concentrator unit, completely analogous basic optics seen in the superposition compound eyes, is a trend not hitherto reported for solar concentrators to our knowledge. Such a concentrator unit, consisting of two aspherical lenses, can be applied to minify the sunlight and reveal useful effects. We underline that, at this stage, the CR can be attained by two orders of magnitude simply by varying the radius ratio of such two lenses known from the optics side. The output beam is spatially minimized and nearly parallel, exactly as occurs in the superposition compound eye. In our scheme, thanks to such an array of dual-lens design, a sequence of equidistant focal points is formed. The secondary concentrator consists of a multi-reflective channel, which can collect all concentrated beams from the primary concentrator to a small area where a solar cell is placed. The secondary concentrator is located right underneath the primary concentrator. The optical characteristics are substantiated by optical simulations that confirm the applicability of thousands-fold gain in CR value, ~1100×. This, however, also reduced the uniformity of the illumination area. To regain the uniformity, we devise a fully new homogenizer, hinging on the scattering principle. A calculated optical efficiency for the entire system is ~75%. Experimentally, a prototype of such a dual-lens concentrator is implemented to evaluate the converging features. As a final note, we mention that the approach may be extended to implement an even higher CR, be it simply by taking an extra concentrator unit. With simple design of the concentrator part, which may allow the fabrication process by modeling method and large acceptant angle (0.6°), we assess its large potential as part of a general strategy to implement a highly efficient CPV system, with minimal critical elaboration steps and large flexibility.

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Pelluau, Tristan, Saad Sene, Beltzane Garcia-Cirera, Belen Albela, Laurent Bonneviot, Joulia Larionova, and Yannick Guari. "Multifunctionalized Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles Containing Mn2 Complex for Improved Catalase-Mimicking Activity in Water." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071136.

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We report the synthesis of a hybrid nanocatalyst obtained through the immobilization of bio-inspired [{Mn(bpy)(H2O)}(µ-2-MeC6H4COO)2(µ-O){Mn(bpy)(NO3)}]NO3 compound into functionalized, monodispersed, mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The in situ dual functionalization sol–gel strategy adopted here leads to the synthesis of raspberry-shaped silica nanoparticles of ca. 72 nm with a large open porosity with preferential localization of 1,4-pyridine within the pores and sulfobetaine zwitterion on the nanoparticles’ periphery. These nano-objects exhibit improved catalase-mimicking activity in water thanks to the encapsulation/immobilization of the catalytic active complex and high colloidal stability in water, as demonstrated through the dismutation reaction of hydrogen peroxide.

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Park, Seokjun, Kyuseok Lee, Hyunsoo Song, Jihyun Cho, Sung-Yun Park, and Euisik Yoon. "Low-Power, Bio-Inspired Time-Stamp-Based 2-D Optic Flow Sensor for Artificial Compound Eyes of Micro Air Vehicles." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 24 (December 15, 2019): 12059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2938559.

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Marchese, Anna, Carla Renata Arciola, Erika Coppo, Ramona Barbieri, Davide Barreca, Salima Chebaibi, Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez, Seyed Fazel Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, and Maria Daglia. "The natural plant compound carvacrol as an antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent: mechanisms, synergies and bio-inspired anti-infective materials." Biofouling 34, no. 6 (July 3, 2018): 630–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.1480756.

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Devi, Th Babita, and M. Ahmaruzzaman. "Bio-inspired sustainable and green synthesis of plasmonic Ag/AgCl nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of organic compound from aqueous phase." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 17 (May 31, 2016): 17702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6945-1.

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Vizzoca, Alessio, Gioia Lucarini, Elisabetta Tognoni, Selene Tognarelli, Leonardo Ricotti, Lisa Gherardini, Gualtiero Pelosi, et al. "Erythro–Magneto–HA–Virosome: A Bio-Inspired Drug Delivery System for Active Targeting of Drugs in the Lungs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 9893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179893.

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Over the past few decades, finding more efficient and selective administration routes has gained significant attention due to its crucial role in the bioavailability, absorption rate and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic substances. The pulmonary delivery of drugs has become an attractive target of scientific and biomedical interest in the health care research area, as the lung, thanks to its high permeability and large absorptive surface area and good blood supply, is capable of absorbing pharmaceuticals either for local deposition or for systemic delivery. Nevertheless, the pulmonary drug delivery is relatively complex, and strategies to mitigate the effects of mechanical, chemical and immunological barriers are required. Herein, engineered erythrocytes, the Erythro–Magneto–Hemagglutinin (HA)–virosomes (EMHVs), are used as a novel strategy for efficiently delivering drugs to the lungs. EMHV bio-based carriers exploit the physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles to achieve effective targeting after their intravenous injection thanks to an external magnetic field. In addition, the presence of hemagglutinin fusion proteins on EMHVs’ membrane allows the DDS to anchor and fuse with the target tissue and locally release the therapeutic compound. Our results on the biomechanical and biophysical properties of EMHVs, such as the membrane robustness and deformability and the high magnetic susceptibility, as well as their in vivo biodistribution, highlight that this bio-inspired DDS is a promising platform for the controlled and lung-targeting delivery of drugs, and represents a valuable alternative to inhalation therapy to fulfill unmet clinical needs.

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Kudrik, Evgeny V., Pavel Afanasiev, Denis Bouchu, Jean-Marc M. Millet, and Alexander B. Sorokin. "Diiron N-bridged species bearing phthalocyanine ligand catalyzes oxidation of methane, propane and benzene under mild conditions." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 12, no. 10 (October 2008): 1078–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424608000431.

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Transformation of methane, the most abundant and the least reactive compound of natural gas to valuable products is one of the most difficult chemical problems of great practical importance. In Nature, methane monooxygenase enzymes transform methane to methanol in water under physiological conditions. However, chemical analogs for such a transformation are unknown. Here, we show the mild and efficient aqueous oxidation of methane by hydrogen peroxide, an ecologically and biologically relevant oxidant catalyzed by supported μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine dimer, (FePc t Bu 4)2 N . This bio-inspired complex containing a stable Fe – N – Fe motif catalyzes the oxidation of methane to methanol which is further transformed to formaldehyde and formic acid as is demonstrated using 13 CH 4 and 18 O labelling. (FePc t Bu 4)2 N - H 2O2 system shows a high activity in the oxidation of benzene to phenol which occurs via formation of benzene oxide and exhibits NIH shift typically accociated with biological oxidation. Mechanistic features of oxidation of methane and benzene as well as detected intermediate hydroperoxo- and high valent oxo diiron complexes support an O-atom transfer reaction mechanism relevant to bio-oxidation.

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Fawzy, Nehmedo G., Siva S. Panda, Walid Fayad, May A. El-Manawaty, Aladdin M. Srour, and Adel S. Girgis. "Novel Curcumin Inspired Antineoplastic 1-Sulfonyl-4-Piperidones: Design, Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 8 (August 21, 2019): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666190408131639.

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Background: Curcumin is a well-known example of plant origin exhibiting promising diverse biological properties such as, anti-inflammatory and antitumor as well as poor pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. This is why effective agents based on its chemical scaffold were explored. Methods: A set of 3,5-bis(ylidene)-1-(alkylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-ones were synthesized in excellent yield (80- 96%) through dehydrohalogenation reaction of 3,5-bis(ylidene)-4-piperidinones with the corresponding alkane sulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Antiproliferative properties of the synthesized compounds (dienone/curcumin inspired analogues) were studied by the standard MTT technique. Results: Most of the synthesized compounds revealed antiproliferative properties against HCT116 (colon) and A431 (skin/squamous) cancer cell lines with IC50 values at sub-micromolar level. Compound 36 also exhibited potency against MCF7 (breast) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2.23, 4.27µM, respectively) higher than that of the reference standards (IC50 = 3.15, 5.93µM for 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin against MCF7 and A549 cell lines, respectively). Cytotoxic properties of the synthesized compounds against non-cancer RPE1 cell line supported the safety profile of the effective agents against normal cells. Molecular modeling (3Dpharmacophore and 2D-QSAR) studies validated the observed bio-properties and explained the parameters governing activity. Inhibitory properties of compounds 27 and 29 (representative examples of the promising antiproliferative agents synthesized) supported their mode of action against topoisomerase IIα Conclusion: The synthesized scaffold is a promising antitumor agent (with special selectivity against colon and skin/squamous cancer cell lines) so, it can be considered for further investigation and development of highly effective hits/leads based on the computational models obtained.

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Tüzün, Burcu Sümer, Judit Hohmann, and Bijen Kivcak. "Green bio-inspired synthesis, characterization and activity of silver nanoparticle forms of Centaurea virgata Lam. and the isolated flavonoid eupatorin." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0027.

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AbstractA green synthesis method of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) usingCentaurea virgataLam. extract and the isolated compound eupatorin was investigated in this study. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and zeta potential were used for characterization of AgNPs. The UV-Vis spectrum exhibited a characteristic absorption band at 420 nm for monodisperse nanoparticles. FTIR measurements also proved the formation. X-ray diffraction patterns showed peaks at (110) and (112), which are characteristic for hexagonal crystals and also showed peaks at (111), (200) and (240), which are characteristic for orthorhombic crystals. The TEM images of AgNPs show that the morphology of AgNPs was predominantly spherical. Obtained AgNPs were highly stable according to the zeta potential values. The nitric oxide scavenging activity, which is also related to anticancer activity, of AgNPs was evaluated. It can be concluded thatC. virgataLam. extract and eupatorin can be used as a reducing agent for potential antioxidant AgNP formation.

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Platel, Rémi, Ludovic Chaveriat, Sarah Le Guenic, Rutger Pipeleers, Maryline Magnin-Robert, Béatrice Randoux, Pauline Trapet, et al. "Importance of the C12 Carbon Chain in the Biological Activity of Rhamnolipids Conferring Protection in Wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010040.

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The hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for Septoria tritici blotch, is currently the most devastating foliar disease on wheat crops worldwide. Here, we explored, for the first time, the ability of rhamnolipids (RLs) to control this pathogen, using a total of 19 RLs, including a natural RL mixture produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18 bioinspired RLs synthesized using green chemistry, as well as two related compounds (lauric acid and dodecanol). These compounds were assessed for in vitro antifungal effect, in planta defence elicitation (peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities), and protection efficacy on the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem. Interestingly, a structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that synthetic RLs with a 12 carbon fatty acid tail were the most effective for all examined biological activities. This highlights the importance of the C12 chain in the bioactivity of RLs, likely by acting on the plasma membranes of both wheat and Z. tritici cells. The efficacy of the most active compound Rh-Est-C12 was 20-fold lower in planta than in vitro; an optimization of the formulation is thus required to increase its effectiveness. No Z. tritici strain-dependent activity was scored for Rh-Est-C12 that exhibited similar antifungal activity levels towards strains differing in their resistance patterns to demethylation inhibitor fungicides, including multi-drug resistance strains. This study reports new insights into the use of bio-inspired RLs to control Z. tritici.

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Suggs, Kelvin L., Duminda K. Samarakoon, and Alfred Z. Msezane. "Drone Delivery of Dehydro-Sulfurization Utilizing Doubly-Charged Negative Ions of Nanoscale Catalysts Inspired by the Biomimicry of Bee Species’ Bio-Catalysis of Pollen Conversion to Organic Honey." Hydrogen 4, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4010009.

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The sulfur dioxide (SO2) compound is a primary environmental pollutant worldwide, whereas elemental sulfur (S) is a global commodity possessing a variety of industrial as well as commercial functions. The chemical relationship between poisonous SO2 and commercially viable elemental S has motivated this investigation using the Density Functional Theory calculation of the relative transition state barriers for the two-step dehydro-sulfurization oxidation–reduction reaction. Additionally, doubly-charged nanoscale platelet molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), armchair (6,6) carbon nanotube, 28-atom graphene nanoflake (GR-28), and fullerene C-60 are utilized as catalysts. The optimal heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis pathways of the two-step oxidation–reduction from SO2 to elemental S are further inspired by the biomimicry of the honeybee species’ multi-step bio-catalysis of pollen conversion to organic honey. Potential applications include environmental depollution, the mining of elemental sulfur, and the functionalization of novel technologies such as the recently patented aerial and amphibious LynchpinTM drones.

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Bhardawaj, Sono, Rakesh Chandmal Sharma, and Sunil Kumar Sharma. "Development of multibody dynamical using MR damper based semi-active bio-inspired chaotic fruit fly and fuzzy logic hybrid suspension control for rail vehicle system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 234, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 723–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419320953685.

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In this paper, the semi-active suspension in railway vehicles based on the controlled Magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers is examined, and compared with the semi-active low and semi-active high suspension systems to enhance the running safety, ride quality and ride comfort for a high-speed rail vehicle. Fuzzy logic and chaotic fruit fly control techniques are used as system controllers to determine desired damping forces for front and rear bogie frame with force track-ability of system controllers. A 28 degrees of freedom (DoF) mathematical model of the rail vehicle is formulated using nonlinear vehicle suspension and nonlinear heuristic creep model. The Modified Dahl model is formulated to characterize the behavior of the MR damper. The simulation result is validated using the experimental results. Four different suspension strategies are proposed with MR damper i.e. passive, semi-active low, semi-active high and semi-active intelligent compound controller based on bio-inspired chaotic fruit and fuzzy logic hybrid controller. A comparison indicates that the semi-active controller gives the optimum performance based on frequency and time response analysis for comfort vibration actuation (9.088 to 15.33%), ride quality (14.81–20.73%) and comfort (24.91–27.81%) and it has little influence on derailment quotients, offload factors, as a result, it will not endanger the running safety of rail vehicle.

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Fu, Yan, Jinjin Yang, Jinli Zhang, and Wei Li. "Bio-inspired enantioseparation for chiral compounds." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 24, no. 1 (January 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2015.07.003.

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Krishnaveni, K., M. Sabitha, M. Murugan, C. Kandeepan, S. Ramya, T. Loganathan, and R. Jayakumararaj. "vNN model cross validation towards Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity and kappa performance measures of β-caryophyllene using a restricted-unrestricted applicability domain on Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning approach based in-silico prediction." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 1-S (February 22, 2022): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i1-s.5222.

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Wide-reaching interest in use of plant derived secondary metabolites (PDSMs) has been growing world over. This implies that the beneficial effects of plant based natural products (PBNPs) being rediscovered and harnessed for the development of novel drugs; drug-leads and structural background for drug design. Survey of literature on the indigenous use of traditional medicinal knowledge bestows ethnopharmacological potentials of PBNPs that has inspired drug design and development through research in drug discovery; PBNPs provide baseline for the development of drug leads against various pharmacological targets. Studies indicate that Cymbopogon martini Essential Oil (CMEO) exhibits a wide range of biological activities (anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and insecticide) attributed to the presence of bio-active secondary metabolites (BASM). However, wide-spread application of CMEO is limited because of typical odor, color and taste. In the present study, In-silico Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, Toxicity (ADMET) studies of β-caryophyllene (BCP) from Cymbopogon martinii is envisaged. β-caryophyllene enhances wound healing through multiple routes therefore, Non AMES toxic, Non-carcinogens, and biodegradable nature of β-caryophyllene prospects this compound as considered as an apt lead for the development of drugs for the treatment of cuts and wounds besides other diseases viz., diabetics, cancer, metabolic inflammation and other long term complications associated with these diseases. In particular, BCP inhibits cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP3A4) that metabolize xenobiotics and results in adverse effects. Pharmacokinetic properties and predicted score values of β-caryophyllene have highlighted that both pharmacological and toxicological aspects need to be further investigated before put to clinical trials. Keywords: ADMET; β-caryophyllene; Cymbopogon martinii; Cardiotoxicity; Cytotoxicity; Drugability; Pharmacokinetics; Bioactivity; Essential Oil;

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Richtar, Jan, Patricie Heinrichova, Dogukan Apaydin, Veronika Schmiedova, Cigdem Yumusak, Alexander Kovalenko, Martin Weiter, Niyazi Sariciftci, and Jozef Krajcovic. "Novel Riboflavin-Inspired Conjugated Bio-Organic Semiconductors." Molecules 23, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092271.

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Flavins are known to be extremely versatile, thus enabling routes to innumerable modifications in order to obtain desired properties. Thus, in the present paper, the group of bio-inspired conjugated materials based on the alloxazine core is synthetized using two efficient novel synthetic approaches providing relatively high reaction yields. The comprehensive characterization of the materials, in order to evaluate the properties and application potential, has shown that the modification of the initial alloxazine core with aromatic substituents allows fine tuning of the optical bandgap, position of electronic orbitals, absorption and emission properties. Interestingly, the compounds possess multichromophoric behavior, which is assumed to be the results of an intramolecular proton transfer.

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Dias, Sara S. P., Marina V. Kirillova, Vânia André, Julia Kłak, and Alexander M. Kirillov. "New tricopper(ii) cores self-assembled from aminoalcohol biobuffers and homophthalic acid: synthesis, structural and topological features, magnetic properties and mild catalytic oxidation of cyclic and linear C5–C8 alkanes." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 2, no. 6 (2015): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4qi00220b.

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Chang, Wei-Jie, Padi Yi-Syong Su, and Kwang-Ming Lee. "Anion-controlled supramolecular crystal structures and ionic liquids from fatty acid-substituted ethyl-nicotinate ionic compounds." CrystEngComm 20, no. 45 (2018): 7248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ce00785c.

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Park, Hyunjun, Joohyung Park, Gyudo Lee, Woong Kim, and Jinsung Park. "Detection of Chlorpyrifos Using Bio-Inspired Silver Nanograss." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 3454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103454.

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Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used as an organophosphorus insecticide; however, owing to developmental neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and other adverse effects, it is harmful not only to livestock but also to humans. Therefore, the use of CPF was recently regulated, and its sensitive detection is crucial, as it causes serious toxicity, even in the case of residual pesticides. Because it is hard to detect the chlorpyrifos directly using spectroscopy (especially in SERS) without chemical reagents, we aimed to develop a SERS platform that could detect the chlorpyrifos directly in the water. In this study, we utilized the intrinsic properties of natural lawns that grow randomly and intertwine with each other to have a large surface area to promote photosynthesis. To detect CPF sensitively, we facilitated the rapid fabrication of biomimetic Ag nanograss (Ag-NG) as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate using the electrochemical over-deposition method. The efficiency of the SERS method was confirmed through experiments and finite element method (FEM)-based electromagnetic simulations. In addition, the sensitive detection of CPF was enhanced by pretreatment optimization of the application of the SERS technique (limit of detection: 500 nM). The Ag-NG has potential as a SERS platform that could precisely detect organic compounds, as well as various toxic substances.

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Fragou, Fotini, Annita Theofanous, Yiannis Deligiannakis, and Maria Louloudi. "Nanoantioxidant Materials: Nanoengineering Inspired by Nature." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020383.

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Oxidants are very active compounds that can cause damage to biological systems under specific environmental conditions. One effective way to counterbalance these adverse effects is the use of anti-oxidants. At low concentrations, an antioxidant is defined as a compound that can delay, control, or prevent an oxidative process. Antioxidants exist in plants, soil, and minerals; therefore, nature is a rich source of natural antioxidants, such as tocopherols and polyphenols. In nature, antioxidants perform in tandem with their bio-environment, which may tune their activity and protect them from degradation. In vitro use of antioxidants, i.e., out of their biomatrix, may encounter several drawbacks, such as auto-oxidation and polymerization. Artificial nanoantioxidants can be developed via surface modification of a nanoparticle with an antioxidant that can be either natural or synthetic, directly mimicking a natural antioxidant system. In this direction, state-of-the-art nanotechnology has been extensively incorporated to overcome inherent drawbacks encountered in vitro use of antioxidants, i.e., out of their biomatrix, and facilitate the production and use of antioxidants on a larger scale. Biomimetic nanoengineering has been adopted to optimize bio-medical antioxidant systems to improve stability, control release, enhance targeted administration, and overcome toxicity and biocompatibility issues. Focusing on biotechnological sciences, this review highlights the importance of nanoengineering in developing effective antioxidant structures and comparing the effectiveness of different nanoengineering methods. Additionally, this study gathers and clarifies the different antioxidant mechanisms reported in the literature and provides a clear picture of the existing evaluation methods, which can provide vital insights into bio-medical applications.

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Slobodyanyuk, Evgeniy Y., Oleksiy S. Artamonov, Irene B. Kulik, Eduard Rusanov, Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk, and Oleksandr O. Grygorenko. "A bio-inspired approach to proline-derived 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles." Heterocyclic Communications 24, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2017-0235.

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Abstract A convenient four-step approach to the synthesis of (S)-4-alkyl-2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)oxazoles starting from l-Boc-proline inspired by naturally occurring oxazole-containing peptidomimetics is described. The key step is the cyclization of 1-Boc-N-(1-oxoalkan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamides – aldehyde intermediates which demonstrate low to moderate stability – under Appel reaction conditions. This method furnishes the target compounds with more than 98% ee and in a 17–51% overall yield and has been used at up to a 45-g scale.

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Tokida, Kenichiro, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Kenjiro Takemura, Shinichi Yokota, and Kazuya Edamura. "A Bio-Inspired Robot Using Electro-Conjugate Fluid." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 1 (February 20, 2013): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0016.

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Electro-Conjugate Fluid (ECF) is a kind of functional fluid that produces a jet flow (ECF jet) when subjected to high DC voltage. A strong ECF jet is known to be generated in a nonuniform electric field, for example, a field with a pair of needle and ring electrodes. This study introduces the ECF jet in developing a novel bio-inspired robot. We first propose the concept of a robot driven by an ECF jet. The robot is mainly composed of ECF jet generators (a micro fluid pressure source), fiber-reinforced rubber actuators, a built-in spring actuator, and an ECF tank. We next investigate the characteristics of the ECF jet generator, the fiberreinforced rubber actuator, and the built-in spring actuator. As a result, we confirmed that the maximum pressure and flow rate of the ECF jet generator are 32.0 kPa and 27.0 ml/min, respectively, and that the actuators could be driven by the ECF jet. We then developed a bio-inspired robot and demonstrated that the robot could move in a 14 mm diameter acrylic half pipe with 0.6 mm/s, and in a 14 mm diameter acrylic pipe with 0.5 mm/s. The robot is 300 mm long with a mass of 26 g.

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Bocanegra Evans, Humberto, Ali M. Hamed, Serdar Gorumlu, Ali Doosttalab, Burak Aksak, Leonardo P. Chamorro, and Luciano Castillo. "Engineered bio-inspired coating for passive flow control." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 6 (January 24, 2018): 1210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715567115.

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Flow separation and vortex shedding are some of the most common phenomena experienced by bluff bodies under relative motion with the surrounding medium. They often result in a recirculation bubble in regions with adverse pressure gradient, which typically reduces efficiency in vehicles and increases loading on structures. Here, the ability of an engineered coating to manipulate the large-scale recirculation region was tested in a separated flow at moderate momentum thickness Reynolds number, Reθ=1,200. We show that the coating, composed of uniformly distributed cylindrical pillars with diverging tips, successfully reduces the size of, and shifts downstream, the separation bubble. Despite the so-called roughness parameter, k+≈1, falling within the hydrodynamic smooth regime, the coating is able to modulate the large-scale recirculating motion. Remarkably, this modulation does not induce noticeable changes in the near-wall turbulence levels. Supported with experimental data and theoretical arguments based on the averaged equations of motion, we suggest that the inherent mechanism responsible for the bubble modulation is essentially unsteady suction and blowing controlled by the increasing cross-section of the tips. The coating can be easily fabricated and installed and works under dry and wet conditions, increasing its potential impact on a diverse range of applications.

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Song, Wentong, Shengyang Tao, Yongxian Yu, Xuanlu Du, and Shuo Wang. "Preparing magnetic multicomponent catalysts via a bio-inspired assembly for heterogeneous reactions." RSC Advances 6, no. 74 (2016): 69909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12088a.

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Almeida, Joana R., Andreia Palmeira, Alexandre Campos, Isabel Cunha, Micaela Freitas, Aldo Barreiro Felpeto, Maria V. Turkina, et al. "Structure-Antifouling Activity Relationship and Molecular Targets of Bio-Inspired(thio)xanthones." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081126.

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The development of alternative ecological and effective antifouling technologies is still challenging. Synthesis of nature-inspired compounds has been exploited, given the potential to assure commercial supplies of potential ecofriendly antifouling agents. In this direction, the antifouling activity of a series of nineteen synthetic small molecules, with chemical similarities with natural products, were exploited in this work. Six (4, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 17) of the tested xanthones showed in vivo activity toward the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae (EC50: 3.53–28.60 µM) and low toxicity to this macrofouling species (LC50 > 500 µM and LC50/EC50: 17.42–141.64), and two of them (7 and 10) showed no general marine ecotoxicity (<10% of Artemia salina mortality) after 48 h of exposure. Regarding the mechanism of action in mussel larvae, the best performance compounds 4 and 5 might be acting by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity (in vitro and in silico studies), while 7 and 10 showed specific targets (proteomic studies) directly related with the mussel adhesive structure (byssal threads), given by the alterations in the expression of Mytilus collagen proteins (PreCols) and proximal thread proteins (TMPs). A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was built with predictive capacity to enable speeding the design of new potential active compounds.

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Bouarara, Hadj Ahmed, Reda Mohamed Hamou, and Abdelmalek Amine. "A Novel Bio-Inspired Approach for Multilingual Spam Filtering." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 11, no. 3 (July 2015): 45–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2015070104.

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In today's digital world the email service has revolutionized the sphere of electronic communication. It has become a veritable social phenomenon in our daily life. Unfortunately, this technology has become incontestably the original source of malicious activities especially the plague called undesirable emails (SPAM) that has grown tremendously in the last few years. The battle against spam emails is extremely fierce. This paper deals with an intelligent spam filtering system called artificial heart-lungs system (AHLS) mimicked from the biological phenomenon of general circulation and oxygenation of blood. It is composed of different steps: Selection to stop automatically emails with undesirable identifier. Multilingual pre-processing to treat the problem of multilingual spam emails and vectoring them. Heart filter and lungs filter to classify unwelcome email in the spam folder and welcome email in the ham folder to present them to the recipient. The method uses an automatic updating of learning basis and black list, and a ranking step to order the spam mails according to their spam relevancy. For the authors' experimentation, they have constructed a new dataset M.SPAM composed of emails pre-classified as spam or ham with different language (English, Spanish, French, and melange) and using the validation measures (recall, precision, f-measure, entropy, accuracy and error, false positive rate and false negative rate, ROC and learning curve). The authors have optimized the sensitive parameters (text representation technique, lungs filters, and the size of initial leaning basis). The results are positive compared to the result of other bio-inspired techniques (artificial social bees, artificial social cockroaches), supervised algorithm (decision tree C4.5) and automatic algorithm (K-means). Finally, a visual result mining tool was developed in order to see the results in graphical form (3d cub and cobweb) with more realism using the functionality of zooming and rotation. The authors' aims are to eliminate a large proportion of unwelcome email, treated the multilingual emails, ensuring an automatic updating of their system and poses a minimal risk of eliminating ham email.

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HUANG, WEIWEI, CHEE-MENG CHEW, YU ZHENG, and GEOK-SOON HONG. "BIO-INSPIRED LOCOMOTION CONTROL WITH COORDINATION BETWEEN NEURAL OSCILLATORS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 06, no. 04 (December 2009): 585–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843609001929.

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Central Pattern Generator (CPG) is used in bipedal locomotion control to provide the basic rhythm signal for actuators. Generally, the CPG is composed of many neural oscillators coupled together. In this paper, the coordination between neural oscillators in CPG is studied to achieve robust rhythm motions. By using the entrainment property of the neural oscillator, we develop a method which uses the difference between oscillator's output and desired output to adjust the inner states of neural oscillators. In the simulation, a CPG structure with coordination between neural oscillators is used to control a 2D bipedal robot. The robot can walk continuously when several external forces are applied on the robot during walking. The method is also implemented on our humanoid robot NUSBIP-III ASLAN for the test of walking forward. With the coordination between neural oscillators, the CPG generated rhythmic and robust control signals which enable the robot to walk forward stably.

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De Falco, I., A. Della Cioppa, U. Scafuri, and E. Tarantino. "A Distributed Bio-Inspired Method for Multisite Grid Mapping." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/505194.

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Computational grids assemble multisite and multiowner resources and represent the most promising solutions for processing distributed computationally intensive applications, each composed by a collection of communicating tasks. The execution of an application on a grid presumes three successive steps: the localization of the available resources together with their characteristics and status; the mapping which selects the resources that, during the estimated running time, better support this execution and, at last, the scheduling of the tasks. These operations are very difficult both because the availability and workload of grid resources change dynamically and because, in many cases, multisite mapping must be adopted to exploit all the possible benefits. As the mapping problem in parallel systems, already known as NP-complete, becomes even harder in distributed heterogeneous environments as in grids, evolutionary techniques can be adopted to find near-optimal solutions. In this paper an effective and efficient multisite mapping, based on a distributed Differential Evolution algorithm, is proposed. The aim is to minimize the time required to complete the execution of the application, selecting from among all the potential ones the solution which reduces the use of the grid resources. The proposed mapper is tested on different scenarios.

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Gonçalves, A. C., V. Pilla, E. Oliveira, S. M. Santos, J. L. Capelo, A. A. Dos Santos, and C. Lodeiro. "The interaction of Hg2+and trivalent ions with two new fluorescein bio-inspired dual colorimetric/fluorimetric probes." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 23 (2016): 9513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01180b.

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Two new bio-inspired fluorescein derivatives were successfully synthesized and both the compounds showed a “turn on” fluorescence in the presence of trivalent (Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Ga³⁺, Cr³⁺) and Hg²⁺metal ions, forming mononuclear complexes in acetonitrile.

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Liu, Hongzhong, Lanlan Wang, Weitao Jiang, Rui Li, Lei Yin, Yongsheng Shi, and Bangdao Chen. "Bio-inspired eyes with eyeball-shaped lenses actuated by electro-hydrodynamic forces." RSC Advances 6, no. 28 (2016): 23653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22845j.

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Eye ball-shaped lenses, composed of a LCC-MLA are constructed through electro-hydrodynamic actuation. The curvature is adjusted by the electro-hydrodynamic force difference upon the lens interface. Bio-inspired eyes manifest a six-folds varifocal capability in 50 ms.

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Demirci, Gokhan, Malwina J. Niedźwiedź, Nina Kantor-Malujdy, and Miroslawa El Fray. "Elastomer–Hydrogel Systems: From Bio-Inspired Interfaces to Medical Applications." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091822.

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Novel advanced biomaterials have recently gained great attention, especially in minimally invasive surgical techniques. By applying sophisticated design and engineering methods, various elastomer–hydrogel systems (EHS) with outstanding performance have been developed in the last decades. These systems composed of elastomers and hydrogels are very attractive due to their high biocompatibility, injectability, controlled porosity and often antimicrobial properties. Moreover, their elastomeric properties and bioadhesiveness are making them suitable for soft tissue engineering. Herein, we present the advances in the current state-of-the-art design principles and strategies for strong interface formation inspired by nature (bio-inspiration), the diverse properties and applications of elastomer–hydrogel systems in different medical fields, in particular, in tissue engineering. The functionalities of these systems, including adhesive properties, injectability, antimicrobial properties and degradability, applicable to tissue engineering will be discussed in a context of future efforts towards the development of advanced biomaterials.

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Lin, Po-Wen, and Chien-Hao Liu. "Bio-Inspired Soft Proboscis Actuator Driven by Dielectric Elastomer Fluid Transducers." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010142.

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In recent years, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have attracted lots of attention for providing multiple degree-of-freedom motions, such as axial extensions, torsion, bending, and their combinations. The wide applications include soft robots, artificial muscles, and biomimetic animals. In general, DEAs are composed of stretchable elastomers sandwiched by two compliant electrodes and actuated by applying external electric stimuli. Since most DEAs are limited by the breakdown thresholds and low strain-to-volume ratios, dielectric fluid transducers (DFTs) have been developed by substituting dielectric elastomers with dielectric fluids for high breakdown threshold voltages. In addition, DFTs have large rate of lateral extensions, due to their fluid contents, and are beneficial for soft actuators and pumping applications. In this research, we exploited DFTs to develop a soft spiral proboscis actuator inspired by the proboscises of butterflies for achieving uncoiling and coiling motions under external voltages. The bio-inspired spiral proboscis actuator (BSPA) was composed of a coil-shaped tube, a DFT-based pouch, and a spiral spring for mimicking the tubular part, a mechanism to uncoil the tube, and a mechanism to coil the tube, respectively. When applying external voltages to the pouch, the high dielectric fluid was injected into the empty coiled tube for uncoiling where the tube elongated from a compact volume to a stiff and flexible shape. When removing the exciting voltages, the tube retracted to its original coiled shape via the elastic spring. A prototype was designed, fabricated, and examined with high stimulating voltages. It was demonstrated that the proboscis actuator could achieve uncoiling and coiling motions consistently for several cycles. Compared to convection DEA-based pumps with fixed shapes, the proposed actuator is soft and beneficial for portable applications and coiling/uncoiling motions.

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Cruz, Josiel, Alexandre Serres, Adriano de Oliveira, George Xavier, Camila de Albuquerque, Edson da Costa, and Raimundo Freire. "Bio-inspired Printed Monopole Antenna Applied to Partial Discharge Detection." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030628.

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A new, bio-inspired printed monopole antenna (PMA) model is applied to monitor partial discharge (PD) activity in high voltage insulating systems. An optimized sensor was obtained by designing a PMA in accordance with the characteristics of the electromagnetic signal produced by PD. An ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna was obtained by applying the truncated ground plane technique. The patch geometry was bio-inspired by that of the Inga Marginata leaf, resulting in a significant reduction in size. To verify the operating frequency and gain of the PMA, measurements were carried out in an anechoic chamber. The results show that the antenna operating bandwidth covers most of the frequency range of PD occurrence. Moreover, the antenna presented a good sensitivity (mean gain of 3.63 dBi). The antenna performance was evaluated through comparative results with the standard IEC 60270 method. For this purpose, simultaneous tests were carried out in a PD generator arrangement, composed by an oil cell with point-to-plane electrode configurations. The developed PMA can be classified as an optimized sensor for PD detection and suitable for substation application, since it is able to measure PD radiated signals with half the voltage levels obtained from the IEC method and is immune to corona discharges.

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Prados, Carlos, Miguel Hernando, Ernesto Gambao, and Alberto Brunete. "MoCLORA—An Architecture for Legged-and-Climbing Modular Bio-Inspired Robotic Organism." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010011.

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MoCLORA (Modular Climbing-and-Legged Robotic Organism Architecture) is a software framework for climbing bio-inspired robotic organisms composed of modular robots (legs). It is presented as a modular low-level architecture that coordinates the modules of an organism with any morphology, at the same time allowing exchanges between the physical robot and its digital twin. It includes the basic layers to control and coordinate all the elements, while allowing adding new higher-level components to improve the organism’s behavior. It is focused on the control of both the body and the legs of the organism, allowing for position and velocity control of the whole robot. Similarly to insects, which are able to adapt to new situations after the variation on the capacity of any of their legs, MoCLORA allows the control of organisms composed of a variable number of modules, arranged in different ways, giving the overall system the versatility to tackle a wide range of tasks in very diverse environments. The article also presents ROMERIN, a modular climbing and legged robotic organism, and its digital twin, which allows the creation of different module arrangements for testing. MoCLORA has been tested and validated with both the physical robot and its digital twin.

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Silva Júnior, Paulo Fernandes, Ewaldo Santana, Mauro Sergio Silva Pinto, Alexandre Serres, Camila Caroline Rodrigues De Albuquerque, and Raimundo Freire. "Bio-Inspired On-Chip Antenna Array for ISM Band60 GHz Application." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 14, no. 2 (August 25, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v14i2.53.

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A flower-shape bio-inspired aperture-coupled antenna array for on-chip application, generated by Gielis formula, operating in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 60 GHz (57 GHZ to 64 GHz) is presented in this paper. The antenna proposed is composed of a transmission feed line followed by an aperture and patch element built in aluminum, with 2 micrometers of thickness, lying on two layers of silicon with 200 micrometers of thickness each. Dimensions of the antennas were calculated according to the effective wavelength for the resonance frequency at 60 GHz. Simulations were performed in the commercial software ANSYS® Electronics Desktop. The use of the bio-inspired flower-shape promotes more compact structures with greater perimeter, rearranging these shapes into an antenna array provided a gain and a bandwidth increase in the design, 3.11dBi and 2.86GHz, respectively, which resulted in a maximum gain of 8.82 dBi and a total bandwidth of 5.88 GHz.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-inspired compound'

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