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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-filler'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Jayaraman, R., R. Girimurugan, V. Suresh, C. Shilaja, and S. Mayakannan. "Improvement on Tensile Properties of Epoxy Resin Matrix Sugarcane Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder Reinforced Hybrid Bio-Composites." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 7265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.7265ecst.

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Nowadays, hybrid bio-composites are being developed by combining different natural resources as reinforcement and filler components, and this has raised their necessary qualities dramatically. Sugarcane fibre and tamarind seed powder particles added to an epoxy resin matrix to test the material's tensile strength were the focus of this study. A reinforcing material is sugarcane fibre, while filler components include tamarind seed powder particles. Different reinforcement and filler materials were used to make hybrid bio-composite specimens, while the epoxy resin weight percentage was maintained constant. Utilizing the hot press compression moulding technology, hybrid bio-composite boards were manufactured from start to finish. Water jet machining is used to remove hybrid bio-composite specimens for compression tests in accordance with ASTM standards from the hybrid bio-composite boards. It has been shown in experiments, for example, that adding tamarind seed powder particles to a sugarcane fiber/epoxy resin matrix considerably increases the hybrid bio-composites' tensile characteristics.
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2

Chen, Yi Qing, Jian Wei Wu, Wang Feng Cai, and Ying Zhong. "Study on Treatment of Odor Containing H2S and NH3 by Industrial Scale Bio-Trickling Filters." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.330.

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The treatment of H2S and NH3 odor produced in sewage disposal process was carried out in industrial scale bio-trickling filters filled with different kinds of filler. The processing capacity per unit volume and the processing capacity per unit volume filler on odor removal performance for different bio-trickling filter were investigated. The results demonstrate that there are remarkable differences in deodorization performance between different kinds of bio-trickling filters.
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3

Mansor, Mohd Khairulniza, and Ruslimie Che Ali. "Properties Evaluation of Micro-Crystalline Cellulose and Starch as Bio-Filler in Rubber Compounding." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.593.

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Effects of filler loading on the mechanical properties of Epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) filled with bio-fillers were studied. The compounds with different filler loadings (0, 30, 50, 70 phr) were prepared in a Haake internal mixer. Result showed that the viscosity of the compounds increased with filler loading and exhibited longer cure time with higher loading of the bio-filler. The mechanical properties of starch-filled vulcanisates present better tensile strength at 50 phr when compared to micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) filled vulcanisates at similar filler loadings. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of tensile fracture surface of 50 phr starch-filled vulcanisates illustrated a homogenous distribution in comparison with MCC-filled compounds.
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4

Nassar, Mahmoud M. A., Belal J. Abu Tarboush, Khalid I. Alzebdeh, Nasr Al-Hinai, and Tasneem Pervez. "New Synthesis Routes toward Improvement of Natural Filler/Synthetic Polymer Interfacial Crosslinking." Polymers 14, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030629.

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Among the critical issues dictating bio-composite performance is the interfacial bonding between the natural fibers and polymer matrix. In this regard, this article presents new synthesis routes comprising the treatment and functionalization of both date palm powder (DPP) filler and a polypropylene (PP) matrix to enhance filler–polymer adhesion in the newly developed bio-composites. Specifically, four bio-composite forms are considered: untreated DPP filled PP (DPP-UT/PP), treated DPP filled PP (DPP-T/PP), treated DPP filled functionalized PP using 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (DPP-T/PP-g-IEM), and treated and functionalized DPP using 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride filled functionalized PP using 2-acrylamide ((DPP-T)-g-TsCl/PP-g-AcAm). The functional groups created on the surface of synthesized PP-g-IEM react with activated hydroxyl groups attached to the filler, resulting in chemical crosslinking between both components. Similarly, the reaction of TsCl with NH2 chemical groups residing on the mating surfaces of the filler and polymer generates an amide bond in the interface region. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to confirm the successful coupling between the filler and polypropylene matrix after applying the treatment and functionalization schemes. Owing to the introduced crosslinking, the DPP-T/PP-g-IEM bio-composite exhibits the best mechanical properties as compared to the neat polymer, unfunctionalized polymer-based bio-composite, and (DPP-T)-g-TsCl/PP-g-AcAm counterpart. The applied compatibilizers assist in reducing the water uptake of the manufactured bio-composites, increasing their durability.
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5

Nyuk Khui, Perry Law, Rezaur Rahman, Abu Saleh Ahmed, Kuok King Kuok, Muhammad Khusairy Bin Bakri, Diana Tazeddinova, Zhumayeva Araigul Kazhmukanbetkyzy, and Baibatyrov Torebek. "Morphological and thermal properties of composites prepared with poly(lactic acid), poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride), and biochar from microwave-pyrolyzed jatropha seeds." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 3171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3171-3185.

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The morphological and thermal properties of composites containing a bioplastic blend and micro/nano-sized biochar from pyrolyzed jatropha seeds from microwave pyrolyzed jatropha seeds were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The biocomposite samples exhibited a brittle structure with a slightly ductile chip-like appearance. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results for the PLA/PEMA/BC bio-composites were comparable to the PLA/BC biocomposites. A lower bio-filler content had more pronounced peak intensities than the higher bio-filler content biocomposites. The added PEMA compatibilizer in the PLA/PEMA/BC biocomposite showed more pronounced peaks, which indicated slightly improved bonding/interaction between the bio-filler and the matrix. Overall, increasing bio-filler content did not drastically affect the functional groups of the biocomposites. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the developed biocomposites had a slight improvement in thermal stability, in comparison to the PLA sample. Improvements in the thermal stability of the PLA/PEMA/BC biocomposite could be attributed to the additional hydroxyl group, which was due to the added PEMA in the PLA and PLA/BC. According to the results of the analysis of the developed biocomposites, the biocomposites were more brittle and had reasonable thermal stability.
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6

Ghani, Haslilywaty, Siti Fatma Abd Karim, Roslim Ramli, Mohibah Musa, and Jefri Jaapar. "Effect of Bio Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Films." Key Engineering Materials 797 (March 2019): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.249.

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Rubber industry is one of major raw material for many industries around the world. Therefore, supplying quality raw material is major concern among the market player. The objectives of this paper is to formulate natural rubber latex (NRL) by addition of bio fillers and to determine the impact of bio fillers (rice husk ash and tacca starch) towards the tear strength and tensile strength of the film samples. Normally, filler compounded in NRL named carbon black filler is chemical based, expensive and difficult to handle. Blending method was applied whereby named as compounding process. The vulcanized NRL was blended with the bio fillers before manual dipping process applied to obtain the film. The bio filler loaded was 10 phr and 30 phr. The optimum concentration was found to be 10 phr of tacca starch, producing tensile stress at maximum load was 18 Mpa while elongation at break was 650%. In addition, tensile stress at 300 mm elongation was 2 Mpa and tear strength is 15 N/mm.
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7

Yew, Ming Kun, Ming Chian Yew, Lip Huat Saw, Jing Han Beh, Yeong Jin King, and Rajkumar Durairaj. "Effects of Flame Retardant Nano Bio-Based Filler on Fire Behaviors of Intumescent Coating." Materials Science Forum 947 (March 2019): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.947.142.

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The present work analyzed the fire protection performances, char formation and heat release characteristics of the thin film intumescent fire protective coatings that incorporate the eggshell (ES) waste as a renewable flame retardant nano bio-based filler. The fire performances of the coatings were evaluated using Bunsen burner and cone calorimeter. The fire behaviors of the samples in the condensed phase were conducted in accordance with the ISO 5660-1 standard. On exposure, the samples B and D reinforced with 3.30 wt.% and 2.75 wt.% of ES nano bio-filler, respectively showed a significant reduction in total heat rate, promoting thicker and more uniform char layer in protecting the steel structural. As a result, ES nano bio-filler composition has shown to be efficient in fire protective performance of the intumescent coatings.
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8

Paciorek-Sadowska, Joanna, Marcin Borowicz, and Marek Isbrandt. "Effect of Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Oil Cake on the Properties of Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Bio-Composites." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 8950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168950.

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Rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foam formulations were modified by evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil cake as a bio-filler in the amount of 5 to 50 wt.%. The obtained foams were tested in terms of processing parameters, cellular structure (SEM analysis), physico-mechanical properties (apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, accelerated aging tests), thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity coefficient, closed cells content, absorbability and water absorption), flammability, smoke emission, and thermal properties. The obtained results showed that the amount of bio-filler had a significant influence on the morphology of the modified foams. Thorough mixing of the polyurethane premix allowed better homogenization of the bio-filler in the polyurethane matrix, resulting in a regular cellular structure. This resulted in an improvement in the physico-mechanical and thermal insulation properties as well as a reduction in the flammability of the obtained materials. This research provided important information on the management of the waste product from the edible oil industry and the production process of fire-safe RPU/PIR foams with improved performance properties. Due to these beneficial effects, it was found that the use of evening primrose oil cake as a bio-filler for RPU/PIR foams opens a new way of waste management to obtain new “green” materials.
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9

Toro, Patricio, Raúl Quijada, Mehrdad Yazdani-Pedram, and José Luis Arias. "Eggshell, a new bio-filler for polypropylene composites." Materials Letters 61, no. 22 (September 2007): 4347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.01.102.

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10

Rahman, Wan Aizan Wan Abd, N. M. Isa, A. R. Rahmat, N. Adenan, and R. R. Ali. "Rice Husk/High Density Polyethylene Bio-Composite: Effect of Rice Husk Filler Size and Composition on Injection Molding Processability with Respect to Impact Property." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.367.

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The compounding of rice husk and high density polyethylene (HDPE) was undertaken on a Sino PSM 30 co-rotating twin screw extruder. Four sizes of rice husk were studied at various compositions. The size ranged from 500 μm and below (coded A, B, C and D) while the content of rice husk in the composite varies from 30, 40 and 50 percent of weight. A fixed amount of Ultra-Plast TP10 as a compatibilizer and Ultra-Plast TP 01 as lubricant, were added into the bio-composite compound. The injection molding process ability of the bio-composite was studied through flow behavior on melt flow indexer and analyzed on JSW N100 B11 Injection Molding. Size A which has the largest particle is the most appropriate size as the bio-composite filler based on thermal stability test. The melt flow rate of rice husk/HDPE (RHPE) decreases with the increased in rice husk compositions and apparent viscosity also increases with composition for all filler size. Melt flow rate above 4g/10 min was found to be the lower limit for injection molding process. The smaller the filler size, the lower is the impact strength and the increased in the filler composition lowers the impact strength. A bio-composite at 30 weight percent rice husk size A (RH30PEA) was found to have optimum rheological properties with respect to impact strength.
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11

Battegazzore, Daniele, Sergio Bocchini, Jenny Alongi, and Alberto Frache. "Rice husk as bio-source of silica: preparation and characterization of PLA–silica bio-composites." RSC Adv. 4, no. 97 (2014): 54703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05991c.

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12

Gojayev EM and Salimova VV. "Dielectric properties of bionano-composites modified by fish scales." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.9.2.0113.

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The presented work presents the results of studying the temperature dependences of the dielectric constant and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of biocomposites modified with fish scales. It was found that with an increase in the volumetric content of the bio-filler, the dielectric constant of the biocomposites increases, and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle decreases. By varying the volumetric content of the bio-filler, it is possible to control the properties of biocomposites in the desired direction.
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13

Stevulova, Nadezda, and Jozef Junak. "Green Building Materials Based on Waste Filler and Binder." Civil and Environmental Engineering 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2021-0055.

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Abstract This study is aimed at the application of alternative binder (AB) into bio-aggregate-based composite. The technically important parameters (density, thermal conductivity, water absorption and compressive strength) of 28, 60 and 90 days hardened green composites containing chemically and physico-chemically modified hemp hurds (HH) with AB compared to the Portland cement (PC) are presented. Testing of two reference bio-composites with original HH confirmed higher values of compressive strength and thermal conductivity unlike water absorption for all hardened specimens based on alternative binder (MgO-cement) compared to conventional PC. Changes in the final properties of hardened bio-composites were affected by treatment process of organic filler and alkaline nature of MgO-cement. The combination of purified HH by ultrasound treatment and AB appears to be promising for preparation of bio-based composite material with better properties compared to PC. In this paper, other option of the preparation of bio-composite system based on original (non-treated) filler and binder consisting of optimal activated MgO and silica fume is presented.
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14

Włoch, Marcin, and Paulina Landowska. "Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites Filled with Powdered Buckwheat Husks." Materials 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010356.

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Bio-based fillers for the polymer composites are still interesting from the scientific and industrial point of view, due to their low cost and renewable nature. In this work partially green composites were obtained by the mixing of thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane) with the unmodified and modified (by acetylation) grinded buckwheat husks. Obtained biocomposites were characterized in the terms of their chemical structure (FTIR), microstructure (SEM), thermal stability (TGA), thermomechanical properties (DMTA), and selected mechanical properties. The results showed that introduction of grinded buckwheat husks (even if the amount is 60 wt%) permit retaining high values of tensile strength (around 8–10 MPa), but the increasing amount of applied filler is connected with the decreasing of elongation at break. It can result from good interaction between the polymer matrix and the bio-based filler (confirmed by high values of polymer matrix-filler interaction parameter determined from Pukánszky’s model for the tensile strength of composites). The applied chemical treatment results in changing of mechanical properties of filler and composites. Obtained results confirmed the possibility of using powdered buckwheat husks as filler for thermoplastic polyurethane.
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15

Hussain, Tariq, Zahid Naeem Qaisrani, Asad Ullah, Zaman Tahir, Ali Nawaz Mengal, and Muhammad Sagir. "Synthesis of Bio-Metal Organic Framework-11 Based Mixed Matrix Membrane for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Separation." Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry 23, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2022.12.06.

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Mixed matrix membranes are thought to have the ability to separate gases. The current research investigates the isolation of CO2 from methane (CH4) and nitrogen (N2) using a mixed matrix membrane. Bio-MOF-11 was combined with polyether sulfone to establish a membrane (PES). Experiments were carried out to determine the efficiency of the established membrane. Results showed that the Lewis basic sites present in Bio-MOF-11, which have a higher affinity for CO2, increase the permeability and selectivity of pristine polyether sulfone. At 30% filler loading, CO2 permeability improved from 2.20 to 3.90 Barrer, while CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity improved from 9.57 to 11.14 with 30% filler loading. In addition, at 30% filler loading, CO2 solubility drops from 1.57 to 1.20.
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16

Azwar, Azwar, and Bukhari Bukhari. "Kaji eksperimental pengaruh ukuran dan komposisi filler komposit polyster serbuk kayu terhadap sifat mekanik dan permukaan patahan statik." Jurnal POLIMESIN 2, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jop.v2i1.1410.

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Penggunaan serat alami sebagai pengisi (filler) dan penguat (reinforcement) pada pembuatan komposit merupakan suatu paradigma untuk mengahasilkan suatu material bio-komposit yang ramah lingkungan. Serat almi yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan terdapat dalam jumlah yang sangat potensial di Indonesia yang bisa diproses menjadi serat bio-komposit berkekuatan tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh komposisi dan ukuran filler serbuk kayu terhadap sifat mekanik pada pembuatan komposit polyester serbuk kayu. Material komposit dibuat dengan proses hand lay-up satu tahap .dengan memvariasikan ukuran dan komposisi filler. Filler serbuk kayu diberikan perlakuan awal untuk mendapatkan ukuran dan sifat yang seragam. Dimensi dan konsfigurasi specimen uji dibuat mengikuti standar ASTM D 79() -RI. Proses pengujian dilakukan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine dengan uji bending tiga titik untuk menentukan tegangan bending. modulus elastisitas. regangan bending dan sudut defleksi . Dart hasil penelitian diperoleh harga tegangan bending tertinggi 15.3 Pa. dan modulus elastisitas tertinggi 65.362 MPa. regangan terbesar 2.25 % dan sudut defeleksi terbesar 6. 67. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ukuran dan komposisi filler serbuk kayu mempengaruhi sifat mekanik komposit dimana sifat mekanik yang baik akan didapat bila filler terdistribusi secara merata di dalam matriks. Permukaan patah static menunjukkan perpatahan yang terjadi secara umum adalah patah matrik .juga terdapat gejala debonding. fiber breaking serta pengaruh voids.
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17

Uram, Katarzyna, Milena Leszczyńska, Aleksander Prociak, Anna Czajka, Michał Gloc, Michał K. Leszczyński, Sławomir Michałowski, and Joanna Ryszkowska. "Polyurethane Composite Foams Synthesized Using Bio-Polyols and Cellulose Filler." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133474.

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Rigid polyurethane foams were obtained using two types of renewable raw materials: bio-polyols and a cellulose filler (ARBOCEL® P 4000 X, JRS Rettenmaier, Rosenberg, Germany). A polyurethane system containing 40 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyols was modified with the cellulose filler in amounts of 1, 2, and 3 php (per hundred polyols). The cellulose was incorporated into the polyol premix as filler dispersion in a petrochemical polyol made using calenders. The cellulose filler was examined in terms of the degree of crystallinity using the powder X-ray diffraction PXRD -and the presence of bonds by means of the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR. It was found that the addition of the cellulose filler increased the number of cells in the foams in both cross-sections—parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the foam growth—while reducing the sizes of those cells. Additionally, the foams had closed cell contents of more than 90% and initial thermal conductivity coefficients of 24.8 mW/m∙K. The insulation materials were dimensionally stable, especially at temperatures close to 0 °C, which qualifies them for use as insulation at low temperatures.
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18

Owuamanam, Stephen, Majid Soleimani, and Duncan E. Cree. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Epoxy Eggshell Composites." Applied Mechanics 2, no. 4 (September 29, 2021): 694–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech2040040.

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In this study, an innovative composite was fabricated in which the matrix is partially derived from natural sources and the filler from undervalued eggshell waste material. The effect of coating eggshells and mineral limestone with 2 wt.% stearic acid on the mechanical properties of a bio-epoxy matrix was investigated. Eggshells and limestone (untreated and stearic acid-treated) fillers were added to the bio-epoxy matrix in quantities of 5, 10, and 20 wt.% loadings using a solution mixing technique. The CaCO3 content in eggshells was confirmed to be 88 wt.%, and the crystalline phase was found to be calcite. The stearic acid coating did not show any decrease in crystallinity of the fillers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed changes in the fractured surfaces, which infers the fillers altered the bio-epoxy polymer. The mechanical property results showed enhancements in the composite tensile modulus and flexural modulus compared to the pure bio-epoxy, as expected. In contrast, despite the improvement in the tensile and flexural strengths of the stearic acid-treated fillers, the composite strength values were not higher than those of the unfilled bio-epoxy matrix. The energy absorbed by all composites in Charpy impact tests fell below that of the pure bio-epoxy and decreased with an increase in filler content for both untreated and stearic acid-treated fillers tested at 23 and −40 °C. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) with ranking based on Tukey’s method. The study identified that the addition of 5, 10, and 20 wt.% in a bio-epoxy matrix may be acceptable provided the end product requires lower tensile and flexural load requirements than those of the pure bio-epoxy. However, filler loadings below 5 wt.% would be a better choice.
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19

Ibrahim, Ismail, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Sinar Arzuria Adnan, Lai Di Sheng, and Nazrul Haq. "Effects of hectorite loading on tear properties and biodegradability of thermoplastic starch films." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2080, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012031.

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Abstract Development of bio-based polymers can reduce human dependence on fossil fuel and move to a sustainable material resource. In this work, thermoplastics starch (TPS) films were produced by plasticization process, in which the crystalline structure of the starch granules was destroyed and reformed by water and glycerine through mechanical stirring and heating process. Hectorite was employed as filler to reinforce the TPS films. The hectorite was subjected to ultrasonication process for reducing the size and aggregation of particles. The ultrasonicated hectorite was added into the TPS solution to produce the TPS/hectorite bio-composite by film casting method. The TPS films with hectorite loading in the range of 1% to 5% were prepared. The morphology, tear strength and soil biodegradability of the TPS/hectorite bio-composite films were studied by altering the loading of hectorite incorporated into the TPS films. Results showed that the TPS/hectorite bio-composite films have higher tear strength compared to the pure TPS films. The tear strength of the bio-composite films slightly increased with hectorite content 1% and 2%. However, as the filler loading increased to 3%, there was a drastic increase of the tear strength. The maximum tear strength value was achieved by the TPS film when 4% hectorite filler was employed. The TPS/4% hectorite (ultrasonicated) has the lowest rate of soil biodegradation due to its lower moisture uptake and greatest interface interaction between starch and hectorite, inhibiting diffusion of bacteria into the films.
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20

Gortner, Florian, and Peter Mitschang. "Bio-Based and Renewable Filler Materials for Thermoset Compounds." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.650.

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Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) was developed in the 1960s and initially enabled the production of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite (GFRPC) in mass production. Nowadays, both material and process are well established for the production of semi-structural components in various applications from construction industry to automotive components. Currently, approximately 20% of all glass fibers produced in Europe are processed to SMC. In this paper, the use of renewable filler materials in SMC is described. By using those alternative fillers, a density reduction of 20%, while maintaining same processability and mechanical properties of SMC, can be achieved.
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21

Fernandes, Elizabeth Grillo, Matteo Pietrini, and Emo Chiellini. "Bio-Based Polymeric Composites Comprising Wood Flour as Filler." Biomacromolecules 5, no. 4 (July 2004): 1200–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm034507o.

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22

Yang, H. S., M. P. Wolcott, H. S. Kim, and H. J. Kim. "Thermal properties of lignocellulosic filler-thermoplastic polymer bio-composites." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 82, no. 1 (September 2005): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-0857-5.

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23

Jorda-Reolid, Maria, Jaume Gomez-Caturla, Juan Ivorra-Martinez, Pablo Marcelo Stefani, Sandra Rojas-Lema, and Luis Quiles-Carrillo. "Upgrading Argan Shell Wastes in Wood Plastic Composites with Biobased Polyethylene Matrix and Different Compatibilizers." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060922.

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The present study reports on the development of wood plastic composites (WPC) based on micronized argan shell (MAS) as a filler and high-density polyethylene obtained from sugarcane (Bio-HDPE), following the principles proposed by the circular economy in which the aim is to achieve zero waste by the introduction of residues of argan as a filler. The blends were prepared by extrusion and injection molding processes. In order to improve compatibility between the argan particles and the green polyolefin, different compatibilizers and additional filler were used, namely polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA 3 wt.-%), maleinized linseed oil (MLO 7.5 phr), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs 7.5 phr), and a combination of MLO and HNTs (3.75 phr each). The mechanical, morphological, thermal, thermomechanical, colorimetric, and wettability properties of each blend were analyzed. The results show that MAS acts as a reinforcing filler, increasing the stiffness of the Bio-HDPE, and that HNTs further increases this reinforcing effect. MLO and PE-g-MA, altogether with HNTs, improve the compatibility between MAS and Bio-HDPE, particularly due to bonds formed between oxygen-based groups present in each compound. Thermal stability was also improved provided by the addition of MAS and HNTs. All in all, reddish-like brown wood plastic composites with improved stiffness, good thermal stability, enhanced compatibility, and good wettability properties were obtained.
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24

Grynevych, N. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БІОФІЛЬТРІВ З РІЗНИМИ ТИПАМИ НАПОВНЮВАЧА В УСТАНОВКАХ ЗАМКНУТОГО ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ В АКВАКУЛЬТУРІ." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, no. 3(70) (September 4, 2016): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7013.

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The review of literature sources that reflect the peculiarities of closed water systems (RAS) in aquaculture using bio filters with different types of filler for water cleaning. Deals with the importance of mechanical and biological filtration for RAS. Biochemical and microbiological processes inside the bio filters with movable and immovable fillers were deliberated. The attention on the need to maintain the viability of denitrification bio filters microflora. The basic factors that influence the efficiency of industrial enterprises with growing rainbow trout. The necessity of daily monitoring of water quality in RAS to prevent epizootic and nitrite poisoning grown fish. It is noted that veterinary measures in accordance with established diagnosis should be carried out in such a way that by helping one body (rainbow trout), does not affect the other (bio filters of the filtration filler). The conclusion about the need for more detailed study of the composition, physiological characteristics and biofilters role as a concomitant body during the growing aquaculture objects.
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Rus, Anika Zafiah M., Nur Munirah Abdullah, M. F. L. Abdullah, and M. Izzul Faiz Idris. "Graphite/Bio-Based Epoxy Composites: The Mechanical Properties Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.115.

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Graphite reinforced bio-based epoxy composites with different particulate fractions of graphite were investigated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The graphite content was varied from 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% by weight percent in the composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depend on dispersion condition of the treated graphite filler, aggregate structure and strong interfacial bonding between treated graphite in the bio-based epoxy matrix. The composites showed improved tensile strength and elastic modulus with increase treated graphite weight loading. This also revealed the composites with increasing filler content was decreasing the elongation at break.
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Beh, Jing Han, Ming Chian Yew, Ming Kun Yew, and Lip Huat Saw. "Fire Protection Performance and Thermal Behavior of Thin Film Intumescent Coating." Coatings 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080483.

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This paper presents the heat release characteristics, char formation and fire protection performance of thin-film intumescent coatings that integrate eggshell (ES) as an innovative and renewable flame-retardant bio-filler. A cone calorimeter was used to determine the thermal behavior of the samples in the condensed phase in line with the ISO 5660-1 standard. The fire resistance of the coatings was evaluated using a Bunsen burner test to examine the equilibrium temperature and formation of the char layer. The fire propagation test was also conducted according to BS 476: Part 6. On exposure, the samples X, Y, and Z were qualified to be Class 0 materials due to the indexes of fire propagation being below 12. Samples Y and Z reinforced with 3.50 wt.% and 2.50 wt.% of ES bio-filler, respectively, showed a significant improvement in reducing the heat release rate, providing a more uniform and thicker char layer. As a result, the addition of bio-filler content has proven to be efficient in stopping the fire propagation as well as reducing the total heat released and equilibrium temperature of the intumescent coatings.
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Tangboriboon, Nuchnapa, and Samit Niyasom. "Embedding Bio-Filler Materials to Enhance Physical-Mechanical-Thermal Properties of Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1015 (November 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1015.3.

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At present, waste generation is fast-growing around the world due to the increasing of population. Therefore, recycling end-of life materials for sustainable and cleaner production is becoming a major target worldwide. The recycling waste materials is trend toward for many industries to reduce both the consumption of natural resources and the cost of products while protecting the environment from the harmful effects of waste materials. Adding water hyacinth fiber, banana fiber and eggshell powder can increase physical-mechanical-thermal properties of concrete. Concrete with/without adding 0, 0.02 and 0.05 wt% bio-filler via hydration reaction affects to good physical-mechanical-thermal properties. Especially adding 0.05 wt% eggshell powder into concrete has the highest compressive strength (22.08 ± 0.66 MPa) and lowest water absorption (1.62 ± 0.16 %) better than those of concrete without adding bio-filler. Furthermore, adding 0.05 wt% water hyacinth fiber affects to obtain the highest tensile strength equal to 187.63 ± 28.45 MPa. The obtained concrete added bio-filler samples have potential to be used as a good insulation material and building material due to low density, low water absorption, low price, good mechanical and thermal insulation.
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Bledzki, Andrzej K., Magdalena Urbaniak, Axel Boettcher, Christian Berger, and Ryszard Pilawka. "Bio-Based Epoxies and Composites for Technical Applications." Key Engineering Materials 559 (June 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.559.1.

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This paper focuses on the thermal and mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced bio-epoxy materials in which the bio-content has been varied from 0 up to 100 %. Assorted formulations based on standard epoxy resin and epoxidized plant oil with varying bio-hardeners in differing matrix formulations, filler contents and fibers were used. DSC, TGA, DMA and HDT tests were carried out, as well as tensile and Charpy impact tests. The results show possible technical applications for bio-based epoxy materials.
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Barzic, Andreea Irina, Iuliana Stoica, Raluca Marinica Albu, and Bogdan Oprisan. "Prediction of the Dielectric Properties of Some Eco-composite Materials for Energy-related Applications." Materiale Plastice 59, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.22.4.5621.

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The study establishes a theoretical evaluation trough several models concerning the dielectric properties of some new eco-composites made of a cellulosic derivative matrix - hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) - in which distinct sorts of fillers (ceramic, metallic and bio-derived) were introduced. The investigation describes the impact of the filler addition on the dielectric constant, the dielectric breakdown, and finally how these two factors are contributing to the electric energy density of purposed eco-composites. After incorporation of the reinforcement agents, the dielectric constant significantly increases comparatively with the matrix, as a function of the type of filler used. Moreover, by assessing of the dielectric breakdown, it is observed that with the increase of filler quantity, this parameter slightly decreases for all samples. The data concerning the electric energy density reveal that, by filler insertion in the HPMC matrix, an improvement occurs, especially for the barium titanate system owing to its large dielectric constant. These data are promising for design of new eco-composites having improved dielectric features as demanded for green energy storage devices. Since the materials have biodegradable and biocompatible character, they also have importance in bio-related applications.
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Calovi, Massimo, and Stefano Rossi. "Functional Olive Pit Powders: The Role of the Bio-Based Filler in Reducing the Water Uptake Phenomena of the Waterborne Paint." Coatings 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020442.

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In this study, olive pit powders were added to a polyurethane-acrylate paint for examining the impact of two alternative functionalization processes in increasing the filler hydrophobicity in an effort to increase the durability of the paint. In order to look into potential changes in morphology and appearance owing to the surface conversion treatments of the two bio-based additives, the coatings were examined using electron microscopy and colorimetric tests. The coating’s resilience and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic role of the fillers were evaluated by salt spray chamber exposure, contact angle measurements, paint liquid resistance, UV-B exposure, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, which highlighted the reduction in water absorption inclination of the filler made of lignocellulose due to the silane and wax functionalization. This study demonstrated that the bio-based filler, if properly functionalized, can actually be implemented as multifunctional pigment in waterborne paints, giving specific aesthetic characteristics, but also improving the barrier performance of the polymeric matrix and increasing the durability of the composite coating.
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Bolduc, James, Beshoy Abdalla, Mansoor Choudhry, Muhammad Danial, and Syed A. A. Rizvi. "Embolization of Bio-Alcamid Gluteal Injections in a Female Patient with Patent Foramen Ovale Leading to ARDS and Embolic Stroke." Reports 2, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports2040023.

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Bio-Alcamid is a non-FDA approved permanent dermal filler with a few known adverse effects including granuloma formation at injection site, skin infections, abscess and painful inflammation. Embolization of Bio-Alcamid has not been reported and likely represents a very rare complication. We present the case of a thirty-one-year-old female who presents with cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, fever, and pleuritic chest pain several hours after receiving Bio-Alcamid gluteal injections. The patient’s symptoms progress rapidly and, within three days, she develops acute respiratory failure requiring intubation. A chest x-ray consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is viewed. Concurrently, a 2D echocardiogram reveals a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and severe pulmonary hypertension. Five weeks after initial presentation to the emergency department, the patient demonstrates flaccid quadriplegia, is poorly responsive when sedation is held, and her CT scan of the brain showed multifocal infarcts involving bilateral cerebral hemispheres. A CT of the abdomen reveals renal and splenic infarcts. This case study presents a rare complication of a nonbiodegradable dermal filler, Bio-Alcamid.
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Jena, Hemalata, and Abinash Panigrahi. "The effect of clam shell powder on kinetics of water absorption of jute epoxy composite." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 5 (February 4, 2021): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2020-0334.

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Purpose Here, attempts have been made to explore the possible use of Marine waste as filler materials into the bio-fibre composites. Clam shell is a type of marine waste which belongs to the class of Bivalvia. It is mainly made of aragonite crystalline polymorphs. This paper aims to develop a new class of natural fibre composite in which jute fibre as reinforcement, epoxy as matrix and clam shell, as particulate microsphere filler. The study investigates the effects of different amounts of clam shell powder on the kinetics of water absorption of jute fibre-reinforced epoxy composite. Two different environmental conditions at room temperature, i.e. distilled water and seawater, are collected for this purpose. Moisture absorption reduces when clam shell is added to the jute-epoxy composite. The curve of water absorption of jute-epoxy composites with filler loading at both environmental conditions follows as Fickian behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Hand lay-up technique to fabricate the composite – Experimental observation Findings The incorporation of Clam shell filler in jute epoxy composite modified the water absorption property of the composite. Hence the present marine waste is an potential filler in jute fibre reinforced polymer composite. Originality/value The paper demonstrates a new class hybrid composite material which uses a marine waste as important phase in the bio-fibre-reinforced composite. It is a new work submitted for original research paper.
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33

Dominguez-Candela, Ivan, Daniel Garcia-Garcia, Aina Perez-Nakai, Alejandro Lerma-Canto, Jaime Lora, and Vicent Fombuena. "Contribution to a Circular Economy Model: From Lignocellulosic Wastes from the Extraction of Vegetable Oils to the Development of a New Composite." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142269.

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The present works focuses on the development of a novel fully bio-based composite using a bio-based high-density polyethylene (Bio-HDPE) obtained from sugar cane as matrix and a by-product of extraction of chia seed oil (CO) as filler, with the objective of achieving a circular economy model. The research aims to revalorize an ever-increasing waste stream produced by the growing interest in vegetable oils. From the technical point of view, the chia seed flour (CSF) was chemically modified using a silane treatment. This treatment provides a better interfacial adhesion as was evidenced by the mechanical and thermal properties as well as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The effect of silane treatment on water uptake and disintegration rate was also studied. On the other hand, in a second stage, an optimization of the percentage of treated CSF used as filler was carried out by a complete series of mechanical, thermal, morphological, colour, water absorption and disintegration tests with the aim to evaluate the new composite developed using chia by-products. It is noteworthy as the disintegration rate increased with the addition of CSF filler, which leads to obtain a partially biodegradable wood plastic composite (WPC) and therefore, becoming more environmentally friendly.
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34

C.O., Onwuka,, Anekwe, O. J., Ogudo, M.C., and Chris-Okafor, P.U. "Impact of Mixed Fillers on the Physico-mechanical Properties of Flexible Polyether Foam." Organic Polymer Material Research 3, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/opmr.v3i1.3604.

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The effect of proportional blend of periwinkle and African star apple seed shell as bio-fillers in flexible polyether foam was studied. Flexible polyether foam samples incorporated with these bio-fillers at varying percentages; 10% (S1), 20% (S2), 30% (S3), 40% (S4) and 50% (S5) were produced respectively, while 0% (S0) which had no filler was used as control during the experiment. The mechanical properties of the produced foam samples were determined via density, compression set, indentation hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break tests. The cream time, rise time and height of the foam as parameters for characterising the produced foam samples were determined too. Flammability test was also carried out.The microstructure of the foam samples was analysed as well by using the scanning electron microscope. The results of the experiment showed that the density of the foam samples progressively increased from 19.20 (S0) – 26.45 (S5) as the quantity of the filler increased. The indentation hardness result also showed an increase on addition of the filler. The foam’s loading ability also increased on incorporation of the filler but S3 showed remarkable recovery after compression. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the foam decreased on addition of the filler. The morphological analysis ascertained the effect of the progressive introduction of the filler on the surface morphology of the foam. The flammability of the foam was found to decrease as the filler load increased. Since these fillers are of organic origin, readily available, cheap and eco-friendly, they provide a means of making biodegradable foam, and reducing the flammability of foam. Thus, reducing environmental pollution whilst enhancing the mechanical property of foam.
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Borde Bisht, Priyanka, Sumit Gupta, and Charisma Kannan. "Bio-filler: an effective facial rejuvenation tool—easy on pocket." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 13, no. 3 (2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcas.jcas_172_19.

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Yew, M. C., N. H. Ramli Sulong, M. K. Yew, M. A. Amalina, and M. R. Johan. "Eggshells: A novel bio-filler for intumescent flame-retardant coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 81 (April 2015): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.01.003.

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37

Shaik, Shameem Akthar, Jens Schuster, Yousuf Pasha Shaik, and Monis Kazmi. "Manufacturing of Biocomposites for Domestic Applications Using Bio-Based Filler Materials." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030078.

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Filler materials are considered added value (volume) to composite materials. The addition of filler materials leads to altering the material characteristics. Nowadays, there has been a notable increase in bio-based materials in polymers and polymer composites. In this regard, agricultural wastes (low-cost renewable substrates) are used as filler content to prepare bioplastic composites, as they are available plenty in quantity and economical in price. Bioplastics composite samples are compounded by adding different amounts of eggshell powder and walnut shell powder in weight proportion to the plasticized PLA. The plasticization is realized with 5 wt.% of Epoxidized Soybean Oil. The prepared bioplastic granules are further processed by injection molding to dog bone-shaped samples subjected to different mechanical, thermal, and optical microscopy tests. Mechanical tests such as Tensile, Charpy Impact, and Flexural tests yielded decreased properties compared to virgin PLA. However, the properties of plasticized PLA–ES composite showed better results than plasticized PLA–WS composite.
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Coccia, Francesca, Liudmyla Gryshchuk, Pierluigi Moimare, Ferdinando de Luca Bossa, Chiara Santillo, Einav Barak-Kulbak, Letizia Verdolotti, Laura Boggioni, and Giuseppe Cesare Lama. "Chemically Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals as Reactive Filler in Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152556.

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Cellulose Nanocrystals, CNC, opportunely functionalized are proposed as reactive fillers in bio-based flexible polyurethane foams to improve, mainly, their mechanical properties. To overcome the cellulose hydrophilicity, CNC was functionalized on its surface by linking covalently a suitable bio-based polyol to obtain a grafted-CNC. The polyols grafted with CNC will react with the isocyanate in the preparation of the polyurethane foams. An attractive way to introduce functionalities on cellulose surfaces in aqueous media is silane chemistry by using functional trialkoxy silanes, X-Si (OR)3. Here, we report the synthesis of CNC-grafted-biopolyol to be used as a successful reactive filler in bio-based polyurethane foams, PUFs. The alkyl silanes were used as efficient coupling agents for the grafting of CNC and bio-polyols. Four strategies to obtain CNC-grafted-polyol were fine-tuned to use CNC as an active filler in PUFs. The effective grafting of the bio polyol on CNC was evaluated by FTIR analysis, and the amount of grafted polyol by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of filled PUFs were thoughtfully assessed as well as the structure of the foams and, in particular, of the edges and walls of the cell foams by means of the Gibson–Ashby model. Improved thermal stability and mechanical properties of PU foams containing CNC-functionalized-polyol are observed. The morphology of the PU foams is also influenced by the functionalization of the CNC.
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Fontana, Dario, Federica Recupido, Giuseppe Cesare Lama, Jize Liu, Laura Boggioni, Selena Silvano, Marino Lavorgna, and Letizia Verdolotti. "Effect of Different Methods to Synthesize Polyol-Grafted-Cellulose Nanocrystals as Inter-Active Filler in Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040923.

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Currently, the scientific community has spent a lot of effort in developing “green” and environmentally friendly processes and products, due the contemporary problems connected to pollution and climate change. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are at the forefront of current research due to their multifunctional characteristics of biocompatibility, high mechanical properties, specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry and renewability. However, despite these many advantages, their inherent hydrophilicity poses a substantial challenge for the application of CNCs as a reinforcing filler in polymers, as it complicates their dispersion in hydrophobic polymeric matrices, such as polyurethane foams, often resulting in aggregate structures that compromise their properties. The manipulation and fine-tuning of the interfacial properties of CNCs is a crucial step to exploit their full potential in the development of new materials. In this respect, starting from an aqueous dispersion of CNCs, two different strategies were used to properly functionalize fillers: (i) freeze drying, solubilization in DMA/LiCl media and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols; (ii) solvent exchange and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols. The influence of the two functionalization methods on the chemical and thermal properties of CNCs was examined. In both cases, the role of the two bio-based polyols on filler functionalization was elucidated. Afterwards, the functionalized CNCs were used at 5 wt% to produce bio-based composite polyurethane foams and their effect on the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties was examined. It was found that CNCs modified through freeze drying, solubilization and bio-polyols grafting exhibited remarkably higher thermal stability (i.e., degradation stages > 100 °C) with respect to the unmodified freeze dried-CNCs. In addition, the use of the two grafting bio-polyols influenced the functionalization process, corresponding to different amount of grafted-silane-polyol and leading to different chemico-physical characteristics of the obtained CNCs. This was translated to higher thermal stability as well as improved functional and mechanical performances of the produced bio-based composite PUR foams with respect of the unmodified CNCs-composite ones (the best case attained compressive strength values three times more). Solvent exchange route slightly improved the thermal stability of the obtained CNCs; however; the so-obtained CNCs could not be properly dispersed within the polyurethane matrix, due to filler aggregation.
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40

Udjiana, S. Sigit, Sigit Hadiantoro, and Noor Isnaini Azkiya. "Perbandingan Karakteristik Plastik Biodegradable dari Biji Durian menggunakan Filler Kalsium Silikat dan Kalsium Karbonat." Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v5i1.197.

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Pada penelitian ini biji durian digunakan sebagai sumber pati dalam pembuatan plastik biodegradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan jumlah filler terhadap sifat biodegradable, sifat mekanik dan sifat water absorbtion pada plastik biodegradable berbasis pati biji buah durian. Plasticizer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sorbitol 40%, sedangkan filler yang digunakan adalah Kalsium silikat (Ca2SiO4) dan Kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dengan variable konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh % yield dari pati biji buah durian sebesar 34,57%. Hasil dari plastik biodegradable terbaik dengan karakteristik transparan, tidak ada gelembung, lentur serta permukaan yang halus diperoleh pada variabel penambahan filler kalsium karbonat 4%. Hasil uji bio-degradasi paling mendekati standard ASTM D6400 diperoleh pada variabel kalsium karbonat 2%. Pada Uji water absorption hasil terbaik dicapai pada variabel kalsium silikat 8%. Uji tarik hasil terbaik diperoleh pada variabel kalsium silikat 6%.In this study, durian seeds were used as a source of starch in making biodegradable plastics. This study aims to determine the effect of the type and amount of filler on biodegradable properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption properties of biodegradable plastics based on durian fruit starch. The plasticizer used in this study was sorbitol 40%, while the filler used was Calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with variable concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%.. From the research results, the% yield of durian seed starch was 34.57%. The results of the best biodegradable plastic with the characteristics of transparent, no bubbles, flexible and smooth surface were obtained with the addition of 4% calcium carbonate filler variables. The bio-degradation test results closest to the ASTM D6400 standard were obtained in the 2% calcium carbonate variable. In the water absorption test, the best results were achieved at the 8% calcium silicate variable. The best tensile test results were obtained in the 6% calcium silicate variable.
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Battegazzore, Daniele, Amir Noori, and Alberto Frache. "Natural wastes as particle filler for poly(lactic acid)-based composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 6 (August 1, 2018): 783–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318791316.

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The paper describes the production and the mechanical characteristics of composites made completely of renewable raw materials. Several wastes or by-products from agro-industrial production namely hemp hurd, alfalfa, and grape stem were analyzed with respect to their thermal stability, morphological, and chemical composition in an attempt to validate their use in composites. Such natural particle fillers were used in the range of 10–50 wt% in combination with poly(lactic acid) by melt blending to obtain fully bio-based composites. These fillers were responsible for a noteworthy increase in the storage modulus. Furthermore, two micromechanical models (Voigt and Halpin–Tsai) were used to mathematically fitted the experimental data, and then the unknown moduli were extrapolated and compared with other natural fillers. Finally, the flexural strength of the bio-composites and the adhesion evaluation by exploiting Pukanszky’s model were carried out. As a result, the hemp hurd in the form of chips was the best investigated filler, which showed the highest calculated modulus of 10.5 GPa (Voigt) and the best filler–matrix interaction with “B” (Pukanszky’s coefficient) of 2.10. This information can be useful when comparison and selection of a suitable filler among the natural fillers are required.
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42

Heckadka, Srinivas Shenoy, Suhas Yeshwant Nayak, P. V. Gouthaman, Abhishek Talwar, V. A. Ravishankar, Linto George Thomas, and Ankur Mathur. "Influence of Sawdust Bio-filler on the Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Properties of Mangifera Indica Leaf Stalk Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402024.

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The need to have biodegradable composites is aloft in today’s market as they are environment friendly and are also easy to fabricate. In this study, mangifera indica leaf stalk fibres were used as reinforcement along with saw dust as bio-filler material. Unsaturated isophthalic polyester resin was used as the matrix. The fibres were treated with 6 % vol. NaOH and neutralized with 3 % vol. of dilute HCl. Treatment of sawdust fillers was done by using 2% vol. NaOH solution. Hand layup method and compression moulding technique was used to fabricate the composite laminates. Specimens for evaluating the mechanical properties were prepared by using water jet machining. The results indicated an increase in tensile, flexural and impact strength of composites with addition of sawdust upto 3%. Further addition of the bio-filler resulted in decrease of mechanical properties.
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43

Sulong, Nurulsaidatulsyida, and Anika Zafiah Mohd Rus. "Influence of TiO2 on Selfclean Bio Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.399.

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Treatment on the exposed surface to the environmental attack was studied based on biopolymer coating from waste cooking oil doped with a superhydrophilic filler of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), known as TOP. TOP was found to affect the physical properties of the coated concrete surface in a systematic way. Contact angle measurements are interpreted with respect to nanoand micro-features existing on the surface of the water repellent superhydrophilic filler filled bio-polymer composite coating. The smooth coated surfaces of polymer filled or doped with superhydrophobic filler shows the systematic increasing static Waste Contact Angle, WCA (θst) and revealed that polymer filled superhydrophobic fillers by only 2.0 % shows the ability to form superhydrophobicity property. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures revealed the difference between the concrete surface roughness of concrete biopolymer with and without TOP coating is to provide self-cleaning concrete biopolymer coating based on two principal ways: (1) the development of surface coating of semiconducting photocatalytic superhydrophilic. (2) If such a superhydrophilic is illuminated by light, then grease, dirt and organic contaminants will be decomposed and can easily be swept away by rain.
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44

Agrawal, Anuja, and Raminder Kaur. "Effect of Nano Filler on the Flammability of Bio-Based RPUF." Integrated Ferroelectrics 202, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2019.1674820.

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Zhang, Chaoqun, Hongchao Wu, and Michael R. Kessler. "High bio-content polyurethane composites with urethane modified lignin as filler." Polymer 69 (July 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.046.

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Nian, Yuze, Shui Wan, Xiayuan Li, Qiang Su, and Mo Li. "How does bio-inspired graded honeycomb filler affect energy absorption characteristics?" Thin-Walled Structures 144 (November 2019): 106269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106269.

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47

Zhang, Peigen, Jingwen Tang, Qiang Tang, Minzhao Zhang, Luwei Shen, Wubian Tian, Yamei Zhang, and Zhengming Sun. "Shell powder as a novel bio-filler for thermal insulation coatings." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 27, no. 2 (February 2019): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2018.02.006.

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48

Gojayev, E. M., V. V. Salimova, and S. H. Jabarov. "IR absorption spectra of high-pressure polyethylene modified by fish scales." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 33 (November 30, 2019): 1950412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919504128.

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We study polymeric-based composite materials with nanostructured metal filler and bio-filler; they protect the material from environmental influences, including oxidation, and give the required flexibility to the composite, subject to biocompatibility. Composites were obtained from a homogeneous mixture of the powders of the matrix components and the filler using a heated press at a temperature of 420 K and a pressure of 15 MPa. The quenching crystallization mode is the rapid cooling of samples in a water–ice mixture. The results of a study of IR spectra taken with a Fourier spectrometer Varian 640 FT-IR, high-pressure polyethylene composites modified with biological filler, and LDPE [Formula: see text] vol.% FS [Formula: see text] vol.% Fe bio-nanocomposites in the frequency range 4000–400 cm[Formula: see text] were presented. It was revealed that the introduction of modifiers from fish scales (FS) and metallic nanoparticles (Fe) in LDPE in an optimal amount does not contribute to the appearance of new absorption bands, i.e. it practically does not change the shape of their IR spectrum. This means that the modifier of biological origin is technologically compatible with LDPE. The introduction of fish scale filler to LDPE contributes to a noticeable decrease in the intensity of the formation of C–O groups (1720 cm[Formula: see text]), which is a measure of the oxidative degradation of polymer chains. The results show that the introduction of FS into the structures of high-pressure polyethylene contributes to the formation of an optimal and stable structure, which, in turn, interferes with the intensive development of the photooxidative process caused by UV irradiation.
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49

Vasco Costa Delgado, Carolina, Gabriela Alexandra Da Cunha Santos Forman, and Rebecca Louise Antoinette Breuer. "Organic Waste Bio-Based Materials for 3D Extrusion." Convergences - Journal of Research and Arts Education 15, no. 29 (May 31, 2022): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53681/c1514225187514391s.29.133.

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This study explores bioplastics fabrication based on alginate polymer with added glycerine as a plasticizer, creating flexibility, and organic waste was used as a filler avoiding shrinkage. Exploratory, observational and experimental, Literature Review, amongst other methods, were used within a Qualitative and Quantitative Methodology by Design through practice. The research material was documented through an open-source FabLab platform and shared with a community of researchers and future designers who want to design innovative and environmentally friendly materials to replace synthetic plastics. Fifteen different bio-based materials resulted from this experiment, applicable for varied applications. Results show that different fillers added to sodium alginate and glycerine present ample opportunities for sustainable bio-ceramics, bio-composites and bio-plastics.
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50

Nayak, Suhas Yeshwant, Srinivas Shenoy Heckadka, Anil Baby, Rashmi Samant, and K. Rajath Shenoy. "Influence of bio-filler on the mechanical properties of glass/nylon fibre reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 21, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-200048.

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Studies on bio-fillers addition to polymer composites is gaining momentum as it is an effective substitute for core reinforcements, leading to cost reduction in manufacturing composites and enhanced composite performance. The present study utilizes plain E-glass and nylon fibre woven mats as reinforcements with treated broiler egg shell as a filler for developing the composites. Composite laminates were fabricated with varying filler contents. Composites were characterized for tensile, flexural and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to observe the fibre matrix interactions. Results showed a decline in tensile and flexural properties mainly due to weak interfacial bonding while an improvement in resistance to impact loading was observed in Glass Fibre (GF), Nylon Fibre(NF) and Hybrid Composites (HC) with the addition of filler material.
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