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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-conjugation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Jeon, Minjeong, Suhyun Jung, and Seongsoon Park. "Facile covalent bio-conjugation of hydroxyapatite." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 18 (2018): 14870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02766h.

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2

Ang, Wei Li, Jiri Sturala, Nikolas Antonatos, Zdeněk Sofer, and Alessandra Bonanni. "Effect of surface chemistry on bio-conjugation and bio-recognition abilities of 2D germanene materials." Nanoscale 13, no. 3 (2021): 1893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr07579e.

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The surface ligands on chemically modified germanenes have strong influence on the intrinsic fluorescence, on the bio-conjugation ability and the bio-recognition efficiency of the material towards the detection of a specific analyte.
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3

Shao, Fangwei, Ralph Weissleder, and Scott A. Hilderbrand. "Monofunctional Carbocyanine Dyes for Bio- and Bioorthogonal Conjugation." Bioconjugate Chemistry 19, no. 12 (December 17, 2008): 2487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc800417b.

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4

Torchynska, Tetyana V., Yuri V. Vorobiev, and Paul P. Horley. "Modeling of the effect of bio-conjugation to anti-interleukin-10 antibodieson the photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots." MRS Proceedings 1617 (2013): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1177.

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ABSTRACTBio-conjugated CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) attract essential scientific interest due to their possible nano-medicine applications, including selective highlighting of affected tissues and targeted drug delivery to the certain type of cells. The paper is focused on the theoretical description of the blue shift observed in the luminescence spectra of CdSe/ZnS QDs upon their bio-conjugation with the anti-interleukin-10 antibodies. We propose a model that describes the ground state of the exciton confined in a quantum dot and explaining the bio-conjugation phenomenon by the change of the effective confinement volume.
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5

Jia, Fei, Shuyu Lv, and Sha Xu. "Correction: Bio-conjugation of graphene quantum dots for targeting imaging." RSC Advances 9, no. 53 (2019): 30888–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra90067e.

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6

Oteng-Pabi, Samuel K., Christophe Pardin, Maria Stoica, and Jeffrey W. Keillor. "Site-specific protein labelling and immobilization mediated by microbial transglutaminase." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 50 (2014): 6604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc00994k.

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7

Jia, Fei, Shuyu Lv, and Sha Xu. "Bio-conjugation of graphene quantum dots for targeting imaging." RSC Advances 7, no. 84 (2017): 53532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra11963a.

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We demonstrate GQD-based bio-conjugation. Targeted imaging can be achieved in both cells and tissue models with single or multi-color staining, showing universality for different kinds of biological models.
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8

Huang, Xin, Hidekazu Ishitobi, and Yasushi Inouye. "Formation of fluorescent platinum nanoclusters using hyper-branched polyethylenimine and their conjugation to antibodies for bio-imaging." RSC Advances 6, no. 12 (2016): 9709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24522b.

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9

Borkovska, L., N. Korsunska, T. Stara, O. Kolomys, V. Strelchuk, T. Kryshtab, S. Ostapenko, G. Chornokur, and C. M. Phelan. "Micro-Photoluminescence Study of Bio-conjugated CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals." MRS Proceedings 1617 (2013): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1179.

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ABSTRACTThe effect of bio-conjugation of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) with Interleukin 10 (IL-10) antibodies on the aging of photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the QDs was investigated. The aging occurred upon storage of QDs for about 2 years or thermal annealing at 190 oC for up to 12 hours at atmospheric ambience and consisted in “blue” shifting the PL band position, increasing a PL band half-width and decreasing the PL intensity. The bio-conjugation is found to promote PL aging. The aging upon storage is attributed to the oxidation that decreases the QD core dimension, while the aging upon thermal annealing can be due to both oxidation and alloying of CdSe core and ZnS shell.
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10

Palanna, Manjunatha, Imadadulla Mohammed, Shambhulinga Aralekallu, Manjunatha Nemakal, and Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda. "Simultaneous detection of paracetamol and 4-aminophenol at nanomolar levels using biocompatible cysteine-substituted phthalocyanine." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 4 (2020): 1294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj05252f.

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11

Huong, Tran Thu, Le Thi Vinh, Hoang Thi Khuyen, Le Dac Tuyen, Nguyen Duc Van, Do Thi Thao, and Ha Thi Phuong. "Synthesis and In Vitro Testing of YVO4:Eu3+@silica-NH-GDA-IgG Bio-Nano Complexes for Labelling MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 28, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010280.

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We present a visual tool and facile method to detect MCF-7 breast cancer cells by using YVO4:Eu3+@silica-NH-GDA-IgG bio-nanocomplexes. To obtain these complexes, YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles with a uniform size of 10–25 nm have been prepared firstly by the hydrothermal process, followed by surface functionalization to be bio-compatible and conjugated with cancer cells. The YVO4:Eu3+@silica-NH-GDA-IgG nanoparticles exhibited an enhanced red emission at 618 nm under an excitation wavelength of 355 nm and were strongly coupled with MCF-7 breast cancer cells via biological conjugation. These bio-nanocomplexes showed a superior sensitiveness for MCF-7 cancer cell labelling with a detection percentage as high as 82%, while no HEK-293A healthy cells were probed under the same conditions of in vitro experiments. In addition, the detection percentage of MCF-7 breast cancer cells increased significantly via the functionalization and conjugation of YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles. The experimental results demonstrated that the YVO4:Eu3+@silica-NH-GDA-IgG bio-nanocomplexes can be used as a promising labelling agent for biomedical imaging and diagnostics.
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12

Gerrits, Lotte, Roel Hammink, and Paul H. J. Kouwer. "Semiflexible polymer scaffolds: an overview of conjugation strategies." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 10 (2021): 1362–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01662d.

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Semiflexible polymers are excellent scaffolds for the presentation of a wide variety of (bio)molecules. This manuscript reviews advantages and challenges of the most common conjugation strategies for the major classes of semiflexible polymers.
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13

Jung, Suhyun, Youngmee Kim, Sung-Jin Kim, Tae-Hwan Kwon, Seong Huh, and Seongsoon Park. "Bio-functionalization of metal–organic frameworks by covalent protein conjugation." Chemical Communications 47, no. 10 (2011): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc03288c.

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14

Montenegro, Jose-Maria, Valeria Grazu, Alyona Sukhanova, Seema Agarwal, Jesus M. de la Fuente, Igor Nabiev, Andreas Greiner, and Wolfgang J. Parak. "Controlled antibody/(bio-) conjugation of inorganic nanoparticles for targeted delivery." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 65, no. 5 (May 2013): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.12.003.

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15

Santoro, Giuseppe, Ruben Beltrami, Emmanuel Kottelat, Olivier Blacque, Anna Yu Bogdanova, and Fabio Zobi. "N-Nitrosamine-{cis-Re[CO]2}2+ cobalamin conjugates as mixed CO/NO-releasing molecules." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 4 (2016): 1504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03402g.

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Mixed CO/NO-releasing molecules were prepared by conjugation of the 17-electron rhenium dicarbonyl cis-[Re(CO)2Br4]2− complex to N-nitrosamine modified cyanocobalamin (B12) bio-vectors.
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16

Linnenberg, Oliver, Aleksandar Kondinski, Cornelia Stöcker, and Kirill Yu Monakhov. "The Cu(i)-catalysed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition route to (bio-)organic functionalisation of polyoxovanadates." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 45 (2017): 15636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03376a.

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We elaborated a synthetic protocol that provides convenient access to a “click”-directed covalent conjugation between 51V-NMR detectable, redox-active polyoxo(alkoxo)vanadate and (bio-)organoazides. The compounds can potentially be used in bioelectronics, biocatalysis and biosensorics.
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17

Murray, James, Dominika Nowak, Laurynas Pukenas, Rizuan Azhar, Mathieu Guillorit, Christoph Wälti, Kevin Critchley, Steven Johnson, and Robin S. Bon. "Solid phase synthesis of functionalised SAM-forming alkanethiol–oligoethyleneglycols." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 24 (2014): 3741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00573b.

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We present an efficient solid phase synthesis methodology that provides easy access to a range of functionalised longchain alkanethiol–oligoethyleneglycols that form well-defined self-assembled monolayers on gold and are compatible with pre- or post-assembly conjugation of (bio)molecules.
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18

Bhardwaj, Neha, Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj, Deepanshu Bhatt, Satish K. Tuteja, Ki-Hyun Kim, and Akash Deep. "Highly sensitive optical biosensing of Staphylococcus aureus with an antibody/metal–organic framework bioconjugate." Analytical Methods 11, no. 7 (2019): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02476f.

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In this research, a new luminescent bioprobe was developed for the detection of S. aureus based on bio-conjugation of an amine functionalized metal–organic framework (NH2-MIL-53(Fe)) with an anti-S. aureus antibody (Ab).
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19

Vijaya Bharathi, M., Santanu Maiti, Bidisha Sarkar, Kaustab Ghosh, and Priyankar Paira. "Water-mediated green synthesis of PbS quantum dot and its glutathione and biotin conjugates for non-invasive live cell imaging." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171614.

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This study addresses the cellular uptake of nanomaterials in the field of bio-applications. In the present study, we have synthesized water-soluble lead sulfide quantum dot (PbS QD) with glutathione and 3-MPA (mercaptopropionic acid) as the stabilizing ligand using a green approach. 3-MPA-capped QDs were further modified with streptavidin and then bound to biotin because of its high conjugation efficiency. Labelling and bio-imaging of cells with these bio-conjugated QDs were evaluated. The bright red fluorescence from these types of QDs in HeLa cells makes these materials suitable for deep tissue imaging.
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20

Dutta, Sibasish, Koushik Saikia, and Pabitra Nath. "Smartphone based LSPR sensing platform for bio-conjugation detection and quantification." RSC Advances 6, no. 26 (2016): 21871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01113f.

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21

Niu, Song Lin, Cédrik Massif, Gilles Ulrich, Raymond Ziessel, Pierre-Yves Renard, and Anthony Romieu. "Water-solubilisation and bio-conjugation of a red-emitting BODIPY marker." Org. Biomol. Chem. 9, no. 1 (2011): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00693a.

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22

Torrinha, Álvaro, Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira, Francisco W. P. Ribeiro, Pedro de Lima-Neto, Adriana N. Correia, and Simone Morais. "(Bio)Sensing Strategies Based on Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Carbon Nanocomposites for Pharmaceuticals: Towards Greener Electrochemical Tools." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142368.

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The interaction of carbon-based nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs) has been thoroughly exploited for diverse electroanalytical solutions since the first report in 2003. This combination, either through covalent or non-covalent functionalization, takes advantage of the unique characteristics inherent to each material, resulting in synergistic effects that are conferred to the electrochemical (bio)sensing system. From one side, carbon nanomaterials offer miniaturization capacity with enhanced electron transfer rates at a reduced cost, whereas from the other side, ILs contribute as ecological dispersing media for the nanostructures, improving conductivity and biocompatibility. The present review focuses on the use of this interesting type of nanocomposites for the development of (bio)sensors specifically for pharmaceutical detection, with emphasis on the analytical (bio)sensing features. The literature search displayed the conjugation of more than 20 different ILs and several carbon nanomaterials (MWCNT, SWCNT, graphene, carbon nanofibers, fullerene, and carbon quantum dots, among others) that were applied for a large set (about 60) of pharmaceutical compounds. This great variability causes a straightforward comparison between sensors to be a challenging task. Undoubtedly, electrochemical sensors based on the conjugation of carbon nanomaterials with ILs can potentially be established as sustainable analytical tools and viable alternatives to more traditional methods, especially concerning in situ environmental analysis.
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23

Torchynska, T. V. "Interface states and bio-conjugation of CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots." Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (February 6, 2009): 095401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/9/095401.

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24

Torchynska, Tetyana V., Yuri V. Vorobiev, Victor P. Makhniy, and Paul P. Horley. "The influence of bio-conjugation on photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots." Physica B: Condensed Matter 453 (November 2014): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2014.05.026.

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25

Tian, Yue, Ji-Cheng Yu, Xiao-Hui Qi, Xiao-Wei Wu, Rui-Nian Hua, and Sheng-Di Fan. "Bio-conjugation of CaF2:Eu/chitosan nanoparticles with BSA and photoluminescent properties." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 20, no. 5 (June 26, 2008): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-008-9748-4.

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26

Lai, Sarah, Sonia Centi, Claudia Borri, Fulvio Ratto, Lucia Cavigli, Filippo Micheletti, Bjӧrn Kemper, et al. "A multifunctional organosilica cross-linker for the bio-conjugation of gold nanorods." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 157 (September 2017): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.068.

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27

Galkin, O. Y., and Y. V. Gorshunov. "Evaluation of bio-conjugation methods for obtaining of synthetic positive control for IgM-capture ELISA." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 5, no. 2 (October 15, 2014): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021416.

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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most informative and versatile method of serological diagnostics. The possibility of detecting by ELISA specific antibodies of different classes allow to differentiate primary infectious process and its remission, exacerbation and chronic disease (differential diagnosis). This approach is implemented in the methodology for evaluation of patients for the presence of humoral immune response to TORCH-infections pathogens (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses’ infections, and some others). Therefore, testing for presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies against TORCH-infections pathogens in blood serum is an important element of motherhood and childhood protection. The essential problem in the production of IgM-capture ELISA diagnostic kits is obtaining of positive control. The classic version of positive control is human blood serum (plasma) containing specific antibodies. But specific IgM-positive sera are insignificant raw materials. This fact can seriously restrict the production of diagnostic kits, especially in the event of large-scale production. We have suggested the methodological approach to using of synthetic positive controls in IgM-capture ELISA kits based on conjugate of normal human IgM and monoclonal antibodies against horseradish peroxidase. It is found that this task can be fulfilled by means of NHS ester-maleimide-mediated conjugation (by sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate), reductive amination-mediated conjugation (by sodium periodate) and glutaraldehyde-mediated conjugation. It was found that conjugates of normal human IgM and monoclonal antibodies against horseradish peroxidase obtained using NHS ester-mediated maleimide conjugation and periodate method were similar by molecular weight, whereas conjugate synthesized by glutaraldehyde method comprised at least three types of biopolymers with close molecular weight. It was found that synthetic positive control obtained by different methods was characterized by higher titer compared to IgM-positive high-titer serum. However, positive control obtained by NHS ester-mediated maleimide conjugation had the best titration profile characteristics.
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Malfanti, Alessio, Giuseppina Catania, Quentin Degros, Mingchao Wang, Mathilde Bausart, and Véronique Préat. "Design of Bio-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid–Doxorubicin Conjugates for the Local Treatment of Glioblastoma." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010124.

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Glioblastoma is an unmet clinical need. Local treatment strategies offer advantages, such as the possibility to bypass the blood–brain barrier, achieving high drug concentrations at the glioblastoma site, and consequently reducing systemic toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using hyaluronic acid (HA) for the local treatment of glioblastoma. HA was conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) with distinct bio-responsive linkers (direct amide conjugation HA-NH-DOX), direct hydrazone conjugation (HA-Hz-DOX), and adipic hydrazone (HA-AdpHz-DOX). All HA-DOX conjugates displayed a small size (less than 30 nm), suitable for brain diffusion. HA-Hz-DOX showed the best performance in killing GBM cells in both 2D and 3D in vitro models and displayed superior activity in a subcutaneous GL261 tumor model in vivo compared to free DOX and other HA-DOX conjugates. Altogether, these results demonstrate the feasibility of HA as a polymeric platform for the local treatment of glioblastoma and the importance of rationally designing conjugates.
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29

Soundrarajan, Nagasundarapandian, Sriram Sokalingam, Govindan Raghunathan, Nediljko Budisa, Hyun-Jong Paik, Tae Hyeon Yoo, and Sun-Gu Lee. "Conjugation of Proteins by Installing BIO-Orthogonally Reactive Groups at Their N-Termini." PLoS ONE 7, no. 10 (October 8, 2012): e46741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046741.

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30

Guo, Chen, Heejae Kim, Elisa M. Ovadia, Christine M. Mourafetis, Mingrui Yang, Wilfred Chen, and April M. Kloxin. "Bio-orthogonal conjugation and enzymatically triggered release of proteins within multi-layered hydrogels." Acta Biomaterialia 56 (July 2017): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.002.

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31

Garner, Mary E., Weijia Niu, Xigao Chen, Ion Ghiviriga, Khalil A. Abboud, Weihong Tan, and Adam S. Veige. "N-heterocyclic carbene gold(i) and silver(i) complexes bearing functional groups for bio-conjugation." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 4 (2015): 1914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02850c.

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32

Ankegowda, Veena Malligere, Shiva Prasad Kollur, Shashanka K. Prasad, Sushma Pradeep, Chandan Dhramashekara, Anisha S. Jain, Ashwini Prasad, et al. "Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Terminalia chebula Fruit Extract and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Potential." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 5042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215042.

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The increasing interest in developing potent non-toxic drugs in medicine is widening the opportunities for studying the usage of nanostructures in the treatment of various diseases. The present work reports a method for a facile and an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Terminalia chebula fruit extract (TCE). The obtained AgNPs was characterized by using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The analysis of the results revealed that the as-obtained AgNPs have spherical morphology with an average diameter of 22 nm. Furthermore, the preliminary bioactivity evaluations revealed that the bio-conjugation of AgNPs, using TCE, significantly enhanced the antibacterial and anti-breast cancer potentials of the latter. The antibacterial activity of the as-prepared AgNPs showed that B. subtilis was more sensitive towards the AgNPs, followed by P. aeruginosa; while, E. coli and S. mutans showed comparatively minimal sensitivity toward the AgNPs. The IC50 values of TCE, AgNPs and TCE + AgNPs treatment of MCF-7 were found to be 17.53, 14.25 and 6.484 µg/mL, respectively. Therefore, it can be ascertained that the bio-conjugation may provide a headway with regard to the therapeutic employment of T. chebula, upon mechanistically understanding the basis of observed antibacterial and anticancer activities.
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Bai, Xuefei, Wenhui Liu, Shijie Jin, Wenbin Zhao, Yingchun Xu, Zhan Zhou, Shuqing Chen, and Liqiang Pan. "Facile Generation of Potent Bispecific Fab via Sortase A and Click Chemistry for Cancer Immunotherapy." Cancers 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184540.

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Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for T cell engagement have shown great promise in cancer immunotherapy, and their clinical applications have been proven in treating hematological malignance. Bispecific antibody binding fragment (BiFab) represents a promising platform for generating non-Fc bispecific antibodies. However, the generation of BiFab is still challenging, especially by means of chemical conjugation. More conjugation strategies, e.g., enzymatic conjugation and modular BiFab preparation, are needed to improve the robustness and flexibility of BiFab preparation. We successfully used chemo-enzymatic conjugation approach to generate bispecific antibody (i.e., BiFab) with Fabs from full-length antibodies. Paired click handles (e.g., N3 and DBCO) was introduced to the C-terminal LPETG tag of Fabs via sortase A mediated transpeptidation, followed by site-specific conjugation between two click handle-modified Fabs for BiFab generation. Both BiFabCD20/CD3 (EC50 = 0.26 ng/mL) and BiFabHer2/CD3 exhibited superior efficacy in mediating T cells, from either PBMC or ATC, to kill target tumor cell lines while spared antigen-negative tumor cells in vitro. The BiFabCD20/CD3 also efficiently inhibited CD20-positive tumor growth in mouse xenograft model. We have established a facile sortase A-mediated click handle installation to generate homogeneous and functional BiFabs. The exemplary BiFabs against different targets showed superior efficacy in redirecting and activating T cells to specifically kill target tumor cells, demonstrating the robustness of sortase A-mediated “bio-click” chemistry in generating various potent BiFabs. This approach also holds promise for further efficient construction of a Fab derivative library for personalized tumor immunotherapy in the future.
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Shiu, Hoi-Yan, Hiu-Chi Chong, Yun-Chung Leung, Taotao Zou, and Chi-Ming Che. "Phosphorescent proteins for bio-imaging and site selective bio-conjugation of peptides and proteins with luminescent cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes." Chemical Communications 50, no. 33 (2014): 4375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc48376b.

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35

Ardipradja, Katie S., Christian W. Wichmann, Kevin Hickson, Angela Rigopoulos, Karen M. Alt, Hannah A. Pearce, Xiaowei Wang, et al. "18F Site-Specific Labelling of a Single-Chain Antibody against Activated Platelets for the Detection of Acute Thrombosis in Positron Emission Tomography." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 6886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136886.

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Positron emission tomography is the imaging modality of choice when it comes to the high sensitivity detection of key markers of thrombosis and inflammation, such as activated platelets. We, previously, generated a fluorine-18 labelled single-chain antibody (scFv) against ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS) on activated platelets, binding it to the highly abundant platelet glycoprotein integrin receptor IIb/IIIa. We used a non-site-specific bio conjugation approach with N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate (S[18F]FB), leading to a mixture of products with reduced antigen binding. In the present study, we have developed and characterised a novel fluorine-18 PET radiotracer, based on this antibody, using site-specific bio conjugation to engineer cysteine residues with N-[2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM). ScFvanti-LIBS and control antibody mut-scFv, with engineered C-terminal cysteine, were reduced, and then, they reacted with N-[2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM). Radiolabelled scFv was injected into mice with FeCl3-induced thrombus in the left carotid artery. Clots were imaged in a PET MR imaging system, and the amount of radioactivity in major organs was measured using an ionisation chamber and image analysis. Assessment of vessel injury, as well as the biodistribution of the radiolabelled scFv, was studied. In the in vivo experiments, we found uptake of the targeted tracer in the injured vessel, compared with the non-injured vessel, as well as a high uptake of both tracers in the kidney, lung, and muscle. As expected, both tracers cleared rapidly via the kidney. Surprisingly, a large quantity of both tracers was taken up by organs with a high glutathione content, such as the muscle and lung, due to the instability of the maleimide cysteine bond in vivo, which warrants further investigations. This limits the ability of the novel antibody radiotracer 18F-scFvanti-LIBS to bind to the target in vivo and, therefore, as a useful agent for the sensitive detection of activated platelets. We describe the first fluorine-18 variant of the scFvanti-LIBS against activated platelets using site-specific bio conjugation.
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Sandland, Jordon, Sam D. Rimmer, Huguette Savoie, and Ross W. Boyle. "Bio‐Orthogonal Conjugation of a Cationic Metalloporphyrin to BSA and HSA via “Click” Chemistry." ChemBioChem 22, no. 16 (July 2021): 2624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202100176.

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37

Fernández-Argüelles, M. T., J. M. Costa-Fernández, R. Pereiro, and A. Sanz-Medel. "Simple bio-conjugation of polymer-coated quantum dots with antibodies for fluorescence-based immunoassays." Analyst 133, no. 4 (2008): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b802360n.

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Hang Thi, Tran, Michiya Matsusaki, and Mitsuru Akashi. "Thermally stable and photoreactive polylactides by the terminal conjugation of bio-based caffeic acid." Chemical Communications, no. 33 (2008): 3918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b803615b.

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Tran, Hang Thi, Hiroharu Ajiro, and Mitsuru Akashi. "Thermally stable polylactides by stereocomplex formation and conjugation of both terminals with bio-based cinnamic acid derivatives." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16867h.

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A series of polylactide stereocomplexes with conjugation of both terminals showed high thermal stability and photoreactivity, and are useful as high performance polymers and photoreactive polymers based on natural products.
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Akagi, Takami, Tatsuo Kaneko, Toshiyuki Kida, and Mitsuru Akashi. "Multifunctional conjugation of proteins on/into bio-nanoparticles prepared by amphiphilic poly(γ-glutamic acid)." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 17, no. 8 (January 2006): 875–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856206777996871.

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Growney, Emily A., Houston R. Linder, Koyal Garg, J. Gary Bledsoe, and Scott A. Sell. "Bio‐conjugation of platelet‐rich plasma and alginate through carbodiimide chemistry for injectable hydrogel therapies." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 108, no. 5 (December 17, 2019): 1972–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34538.

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42

Bayramoglu, Gulay, Begum Altintas, Meltem Yilmaz, and M. Yakup Arica. "Immobilization of chloroperoxidase onto highly hydrophilic polyethylene chains via bio-conjugation: Catalytic properties and stabilities." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 2 (January 2011): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.056.

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43

Tian, Yue, Ruinian Hua, Jicheng Yu, Baojiu Chen, Jiashi Sun, and Lihong Cheng. "Silica-Coated CaF2:Eu3+ Nanoparticles Functionalized with Oxalic Acid for Bio-conjugation to BSA Proteins." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 28, no. 6 (July 1, 2010): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.201090172.

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Popov, Anton, Viktorija Lisyte, Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene, Eiva Bernotiene, and Almira Ramanaviciene. "Experimental Evaluation of Quantum Dots and Antibodies Conjugation by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 12626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012626.

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The application of antibody-functionalized quantum dots (QDs) in different areas has been widely described in the literature. However, a standard routine method for obtaining information on the conjugation efficiency of QDs with antibodies in terms of the interaction of the functionalized QDs with a specific antigen is still lacking. Herein, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy is proposed for this purpose. Gold-coated SPR sensor disks were modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, and carbodiimide cross-linker chemistry was used to covalently immobilize the CD44 biomarker on the premodified surface (Au/CD44). Meanwhile, QDs functionalized with amine-derivatized polyethylene glycol (PEG) (QDs-NH2) were chosen for conjugation with antibodies because of their low non-specific adsorption on the Au/CD44 surface. Prior to conjugation, the surface binding capacity (Bmax) and equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the specific antibodies against CD44 (anti-CD44) were found to be 263.32 ± 2.44 m° and 1.00 × 10−7 ± 2.29 × 10−9 M, respectively. QDs-NH2 and anti-CD44 were conjugated at their initial molar ratios of 1:3, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:12. SPR measurements showed that the conjugates (QDs-anti-CD44) prepared using 1:10 and 1:12 molar ratios interacted comparably with immobilized CD44 biomarkers. The equilibrium angles in the case of 10- and 12-fold concentrations of anti-CD44 were calculated to be 60.43 ± 4.51 and 61.36 ± 4.40 m°, respectively. This could be explained by the QDs-NH2 and anti-CD44 having a similar surface loading (about four molecules per QDs-NH2) and similar hydrodynamic diameters, which were 46.63 ± 3.86 and 42.42 ± 0.80 nm for the 1:10 and 1:12 ratios, respectively. An initial QDs-NH2: anti-CD44 molar ratio of 1:10 was chosen as being optimal. SPR spectroscopy proved to be the right choice for QDs-anti-CD44 conjugation optimization, and can be used for the evaluation of conjugation efficiency for other nanostructures with various bio-recognition molecules.
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Jain, Sanyog, Roopal Jain, Manasmita Das, Ashish K. Agrawal, Kaushik Thanki, and Varun Kushwah. "Combinatorial bio-conjugation of gemcitabine and curcumin enables dual drug delivery with synergistic anticancer efficacy and reduced toxicity." RSC Adv. 4, no. 55 (2014): 29193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04237a.

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Lucana, Maria C., Yolanda Arruga, Emilia Petrachi, Albert Roig, Roberta Lucchi, and Benjamí Oller-Salvia. "Protease-Resistant Peptides for Targeting and Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutics." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122065.

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Peptides show high promise in the targeting and intracellular delivery of next-generation bio- and nano-therapeutics. However, the proteolytic susceptibility of peptides is one of the major limitations of their activity in biological environments. Numerous strategies have been devised to chemically enhance the resistance of peptides to proteolysis, ranging from N- and C-termini protection to cyclization, and including backbone modification, incorporation of amino acids with non-canonical side chains and conjugation. Since conjugation of nanocarriers or other cargoes to peptides for targeting and cell penetration may already provide some degree of shielding, the question arises about the relevance of using protease-resistant sequences for these applications. Aiming to answer this question, here we provide a critical review on protease-resistant targeting peptides and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Two main approaches have been used on these classes of peptides: enantio/retro-enantio isomerization and cyclization. On one hand, enantio/retro-enantio isomerization has been shown to provide a clear enhancement in peptide efficiency with respect to parent L-amino acid peptides, especially when applied to peptides for drug delivery to the brain. On the other hand, cyclization also clearly increases peptide transport capacity, although contribution from enhanced protease resistance or affinity is often not dissected. Overall, we conclude that although conjugation often offers some degree of protection to proteolysis in targeting peptides and CPPs, modification of peptide sequences to further enhance protease resistance can greatly increase homing and transport efficiency.
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Wang, Jin, Tian Tian, Xin Li, and Yan Zhang. "Noncoding RNAs Emerging as Drugs or Drug Targets: Their Chemical Modification, Bio-Conjugation and Intracellular Regulation." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 6717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196717.

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With the increasing understanding of various disease-related noncoding RNAs, ncRNAs are emerging as novel drugs and drug targets. Nucleic acid drugs based on different types of noncoding RNAs have been designed and tested. Chemical modification has been applied to noncoding RNAs such as siRNA or miRNA to increase the resistance to degradation with minimum influence on their biological function. Chemical biological methods have also been developed to regulate relevant noncoding RNAs in the occurrence of various diseases. New strategies such as designing ribonuclease targeting chimeras to degrade endogenous noncoding RNAs are emerging as promising approaches to regulate gene expressions, serving as next-generation drugs. This review summarized the current state of noncoding RNA-based theranostics, major chemical modifications of noncoding RNAs to develop nucleic acid drugs, conjugation of RNA with different functional biomolecules as well as design and screening of potential molecules to regulate the expression or activity of endogenous noncoding RNAs for drug development. Finally, strategies of improving the delivery of noncoding RNAs are discussed.
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Liu, Biwu, and Juewen Liu. "Freezing Directed Construction of Bio/Nano Interfaces: Reagentless Conjugation, Denser Spherical Nucleic Acids, and Better Nanoflares." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 28 (July 6, 2017): 9471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b04885.

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Gil Alvaradejo, Gabriela, Mathias Glassner, Richard Hoogenboom, and Guillaume Delaittre. "Maleimide end-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s by the functional initiator route: synthesis and (bio)conjugation." RSC Advances 8, no. 17 (2018): 9471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra00948a.

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Jivan, Faraz, and Daniel L. Alge. "Bio‐Orthogonal, Site‐Selective Conjugation of Recombinant Proteins to Microporous Annealed Particle Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering." Advanced Therapeutics 3, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 1900148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adtp.201900148.

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