Journal articles: 'Bio-composite films'

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Patrucco, A., A. Aluigi, C. Vineis, and C. Tonin. "Bio-Composite Keratin Films from Wool Fibrillation." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2011.1118.

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Tharasawatpipat, Chaisri, Jittiporn Kruenate, Kowit Suwannahong, and Torpong Kreetachat. "Modification of Titanium Dioxide Embedded in the Bio-Composite Film for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.37.

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This research aimed to apply the Blown Film Extrusion technique to synthesize the titanium dioxide (TiO2) bio-composite films incorporated on a thin film as a photocatalyst. The biopolymer materials have great recognition via their renewable and biodegradable characteristic and the green composite has been a new challenge path to replace traditional polymer composite. In this work, TiO2/Polybutylene succinate (PBS) bio-composite film was developed to be used as a supporter for determining the photocatalytic oxidation activity of the TiO2 on the chlorinated volatile organic compounds degradation. PBS is a synthetic biopolymer which has a reasonable mechanical strength. The modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite films were studied to evaluate the degradation of dichloromethane. In order to improve the distribution of the developed photocatalyst, the TiO2 powders were modified by 0.05% mole of ethyl triethoxysilane (ETES) and stearic acid (SA), respectively. The 10% wt. TiO2/PBS bio-composite films with thickness of 30 μm were prepared by blown film technique. To evaluate the dispersion efficacy, the modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite films were characterized by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane in gas phase was determined using an annular closed system photoreactor. The obtained result which was corresponding to the absorption of TiO2/PBS bio composites film was investigated in a range of 300-400 nm via UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The energy band gap of TiO2, ethyl triethoxysilane-TiO2 and stearic acid-TiO2 bio-composite film was found to be 3.18, 3.21, and 3.26 eV, respectively. The SEM shows that the modified-TiO2 with both ETES and SA exhibit uniform dispersion, while the only TiO2 shows an evidence of agglomeration in the PBS matrix. For photocatalyst efficiency, the photocatalytic activity of modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film increased comparing to the TiO2/PBS bio-composite film. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane by ETES-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film yielded degradation efficiency of 47.0%, whereas SA-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film yielded the removal efficiency of 41.0% for detention time at 350 min.

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Nevo, Y., N. Peer, S. Yochelis, M. Igbaria, S. Meirovitch, O. Shoseyov, and Y. Paltiel. "Nano bio optically tunable composite nanocrystalline cellulose films." RSC Advances 5, no. 10 (2015): 7713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11840e.

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Kusmono, Kusmono, Muhammad Waziz Wildan, and Fadhlan Ihsan Lubis. "Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Glycerol Bio-Composite Films." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071096.

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Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced bio-composite films containing glycerol were produced using the solution casting technique. The influences of the addition of CNC (2, 4, and 8 wt%) and glycerol (10, 20, and 30 wt%) on the properties of the bio-composite films were studied in the present work. The resulting films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and according to their tensile, water absorption, and light transmission behavior. The introduction of 4 wt% CNC into the chitosan film did not affect the thermal stability, but the presence of 20 wt% glycerol reduced the thermal stability. The addition of 4 wt% CNC to the chitosan film increased its tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break by 206%, 138%, and 277%, respectively. However, adding more than 8 wt% CNC resulted in a drastic reduction in the strength and ductility of the chitosan film. The highest strength and stiffness of the chitosan bio-composite film were attained with 4 wt% CNC and 20 wt% glycerol. The water absorption and light transmission of the chitosan film were reduced dramatically by the presence of both CNC and glycerol.

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Yin, Shengyan, Xiaoju Men, Hang Sun, Ping She, Wei Zhang, Changfeng Wu, Weiping Qin, and Xiaodong Chen. "Enhanced photocurrent generation of bio-inspired graphene/ZnO composite films." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 22 (2015): 12016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02297e.

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Kale, Ravindra D., Yashlok Maurya, and Tejasvi Potdar. "Paper-reinforced sodium alginate/carboxyl methyl cellulose-based bio-composite films." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087917715675.

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Waste paper-reinforced sodium alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC)-based bio-composite films were prepared by solution casting method by optimum combination of 1.5% sodium alginate and 1.5% NaCMC. The optimum combination was selected on the basis of good tensile strength and low moisture sensitivity. This film was further subjected to aqueous solution of potassium aluminium sulphate (potassium alum) to reduce water vapour permeability and moisture content. This potassium alum solution treatment further enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties, and the film biodegradability was not affected either due to the cross linking or colour addition, which has potential as a substitute for the currently used polyethylene-based films. Molecular interactions between polymers and potassium alum affected mechanical, thermal, and other properties and was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, and thermo gravimetric analysis of the films. This bio-composite film may be suitable to replace non-biodegradable and costly biodegradable packaging materials.

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Narita, Chieko, Yoko Okahisa, and Kazushi Yamada. "Plasticizing effect of lignin on urushi in bio-composite films." Polymer 161 (January 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.063.

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Palumbo, Fabio, Giuseppe Camporeale, Yi-Wei Yang, Jong-Shinn Wu, Eloisa Sardella, Giorgio Dilecce, Cosima Damiana Calvano, et al. "Direct Plasma Deposition of Lysozyme-Embedded Bio-Composite Thin Films." Plasma Processes and Polymers 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2015): 1302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201500039.

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Ashok, B., K. Obi Reddy, K. Madhukar, J. Cai, L. Zhang, and A. Varada Rajulu. "Properties of cellulose/Thespesia lampas short fibers bio-composite films." Carbohydrate Polymers 127 (August 2015): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.054.

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Hu, YaJie, YaShuai Niu, GenQue Fu, PanPan Yue, MingFei Li, Feng Peng, and RunCang Sun. "Turning Wood Autohydrolysate Directly into Food Packing Composite Films with Good Toughness." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (March 25, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2097340.

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Bio-based composite films were produced by incorporating wood autohydrolysate (WH), chitosan (CS), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). In this work, WH was directly utilized without further purification, and CNC was introduced as the reinforced material to prepare WH-CS-CNC composite films with excellent properties. The effects of CNC on the properties of WH-CS-CNC composite films were investigated by characterizing their structures, mechanical properties, oxygen barrier, and thermal stability properties. The results suggested that CNC could improve tensile strength of the composite films, and the tensile strain at break could be up to 4.7%. Besides, the oxygen permeability of the prepared composite films could be as low as 3.57 cm3/day·m2·kPa, making them suitable for the food packaging materials. These above results showed that the addition of CNC is an effective method to enhance the toughness of composite films. In addition, WH-CS-CNC composite films have great potential in the field of sustainable food packing materials.

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Nengduo, Zhang, Yin Xuesong, and Gong Hao. "Highly conductive and flexible transparent films based on silver nanowire/chitosan composite." RSC Advances 6, no. 53 (2016): 47552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05448j.

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The bio-derived polymer, chitosan, has been incorporated in a silver nanowire (AgNW) network to form the composite film which could solve the critical drawbacks of AgNW films including rough surface, poor adhesion and low oxidation resistance.

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Zhou, Min, and Dan Xu. "Starch-MMT composite films: Effects of bio-inspired modification on MMT." Starch - Stärke 67, no. 5-6 (March 13, 2015): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201400231.

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Hosseini, Seyed Fakhreddin, Masoud Rezaei, Mojgan Zandi, and Farhid Farahmandghavi. "Bio-based composite edible films containing Origanum vulgare L. essential oil." Industrial Crops and Products 67 (May 2015): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.062.

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Oyekanmi, A. A., U. Seeta Uthaya Kumar, Abdul Khalil H. P. S., N. G. Olaiya, A. A. Amirul, A. A. Rahman, Arif Nuryawan, C. K. Abdullah, and Samsul Rizal. "Functional Properties of Antimicrobial Neem Leaves Extract Based Macroalgae Biofilms for Potential Use as Active Dry Packaging Applications." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101664.

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Antimicrobial irradiated seaweed–neem biocomposite films were synthesized in this study. The storage functional properties of the films were investigated. Characterization of the prepared films was conducted using SEM, FT-IR, contact angle, and antimicrobial test. The macroscopic and microscopic including the analysis of the functional group and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry test revealed the main active constituents present in the neem extract, which was used an essential component of the fabricated films. Neem leaves’ extracts with 5% w/w concentration were incorporated into the matrix of seaweed biopolymer and the seaweed–neem bio-composite film were irradiated with different dosages of gamma radiation (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kGy). The tensile, thermal, and the antimicrobial properties of the films were studied. The results revealed that the irradiated films exhibited improved functional properties compared to the control film at 1.5 kGy radiation dosage. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and toughness exhibited by the films increased, while the elongation of the irradiated bio-composite film decreased compared to the control film. The morphology of the irradiated films demonstrated a smoother surface compared to the control and provided surface intermolecular interaction of the neem–seaweed matrix. The film indicated an optimum storage stability under ambient conditions and demonstrated no significant changes in the visual appearance. However, an increase in the moisture content was exhibited by the film, and the hydrophobic properties was retained until nine months of the storage period. The study of the films antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and Bacillus subtilis (BS) indicated improved resistance to bacterial activities after the incorporation of neem leaves extract and gamma irradiation. The fabricated irradiated seaweed–neem bio-composite film could be used as an excellent sustainable packaging material due to its effective storage stability.

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Kreetachat, Torpong, Jittiporn Kruenate, and Kowit Suwannahong. "Preparation of TiO₂/Bio-Composite Film by Sol-Gel Method in VOCs Photocatalytic Degradation Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.552.

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Biodegradable of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), which were biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, composite films were contained with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of bidegradable composite films for toluene removal. The synthesized TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method between titanium isopropoxide with acetic acid. To form the anatase structure, it was calcined at 500°C. TiO2 were added to PLA/PBAT/PBS as a biopolymer blend at 0, 5 and 10 wt% .The TiO2/Bio-composite films were fabricated via blown film technique to produce 40 μm films. Photocatalytic activity efficiency of TiO2/Bio-composite films was performed in an annular closed system under UV light. Since the amount of TiO2 affected the efficiency of the photocatalytic activity, this work was mainly concentrated on the effort to embed the high amount of TiO2 in the biopolymer matrix. The developed photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and SEM. The SEM images revealed the high homogeneity of the deposition of TiO2 on the biopolymer matrix. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) ensures the deposition of TiO2 as crystalline anatase phase. In addition, the photocatalytic results shown that the toluene removal efficiencies increased with an increasing TiO2 dosages at 0 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% , respectively. As aspects, the photocatalytic degradation results showed the highest tolune photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 52.0% at 10 wt% TiO2 .

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Chung, Tsai-Wei, Chih-Ning Huang, Po-Chun Chen, Toshihiko Noda, Takashi Tokuda, and Jun Ohta. "Fabrication of Iridium Oxide/Platinum Composite Film on Titanium Substrate for High-Performance Neurostimulation Electrodes." Coatings 8, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120420.

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Electrode materials for neural stimulation have been widely investigated for implantable devices. Among them, iridium and iridium oxide are attractive materials for bio-interface applications due to their desirable stability, electrochemical performance, and biocompatibility. In this study, iridium oxide/platinum (IrOx/Pt) composite films were successfully fabricated on titanium substrates by chemical bath deposition and these films are expected to be used as biocompatible stimulation electrodes. We modified the film compositions to optimize the performances. In addition, these IrOx/Pt composite films were characterized before and after annealing by SEM and XRD. We also identified the hydrophilicity of these iridium oxide/platinum composite films by measuring contact angles. Finally, the charge storage capacities of these iridium oxide/platinum composite films were evaluated by an electrochemical workstation. As a result, the charge storage capacities of the iridium oxide/platinum composite films are largely increased, and this leads to a very efficient neurostimulation electrode. Additionally, we successfully demonstrated the chemical bath deposition of IrOx film on the surface of the bullet-shaped titanium microelectrode.

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Zhao, Yadong, Ayumu Tagami, Galina Dobele, Mikael E. Lindström, and Olena Sevastyanova. "The Impact of Lignin Structural Diversity on Performance of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF)-Starch Composite Films." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030538.

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Lignin fractions having different molecular weights and varied chemical structures isolated from kraft lignins of both softwood and hardwood via a sequential solvent fractionation technique were incorporated into a tunicate cellulose nanofibers (CNF)—starch mixture to prepare 100% bio-based composite films. The aim was to investigate the impact of lignin structural diversity on film performance. It was confirmed that lignin’s distribution in the films was dependent on the polarity of solvents used for fractionation (acetone > methanol > ethanol > ethyl acetate) and influenced the optical properties of the films. The –OH group content and molecular weight of lignin were positively related to film density. In general, the addition of lignin fractions led to decrease in thermal stability and increase in Young’s modulus of the composite films. The modulus of the films was found to decrease as the molecular weight of lignin increased, and a higher amount of carboxyl and phenolic –OH groups in the lignin fraction resulted in films with higher stiffness. The thermal analysis showed higher char content formation for lignin-containing films in a nitrogen atmosphere with increased molecular weight. In an oxygen atmosphere, the phenol content, saturated side chains and short chain structures of lignin had impacts on the maximum decomposition temperature of the films, confirming the relationship between the chemical structure of lignin and thermo-oxidative stability of the corresponding film. This study addresses the importance of lignin diversities on composite film performance, which could be helpful for tailoring lignin’s applications in bio-based materials based on their specific characteristics.

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Vivek, Narisetty, Nishant Gopalan, Satyajit Das, Keerthi Sasikumar, Raveendran Sindhu, Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri, Ashok Pandey, and Parameswaran Binod. "Synthesis and Characterization of Transparent Biodegradable Chitosan: Exopolysaccharide Composite Films Plasticized by Bio-Derived 1,3-Propanediol." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010004.

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In this study, chitosan-based composite films blended with a dextran like exopolysaccharide derived from lactic acid bacteria were prepared using the solvent casting method. Later, these composite films were plasticized with 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) produced biologically using biodiesel derived crude glycerol. Further, their physical properties, such as tensile strength, water vapor barrier, thermal behavior, and antioxidant properties, were tested. In comparison to the control chitosan-exopolysaccharide films, 1,3-PDO plasticized films increased tensile strengths (20.08 vs. 43.33 MPa) with an elongation percentage (%E) of 20.73, which was two times more than the control films. As a polymer composite, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum displayed the characteristic peaks at 1000 cm−1, 1500 cm−1, and 3000–3500 cm−1 to describe the functional groups related to chitosan, exopolysaccharide, and 1,3-PDOThe thermogravimetric analysis displayed a significant three-step degradation at 100–105 °C, 250–400 °C, and 600 °C, where 100% of the films were degraded. The plasticized films were observed to have enhanced water solubility (51%) and rate of moisture absorption (193%). The plasticized films displayed enhanced physico-chemical properties, anti-oxidant properties, and were100% biodegradable.

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Feng, Ye, B. Ashok, K. Madhukar, Jinming Zhang, Jun Zhang, K. Obi Reddy, and A. Varada Rajulu. "Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene Carbonate Bio-Filler (Eggshell Powder) Composite Films." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 19, no. 7 (October 3, 2014): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2014.953747.

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Abdullah, Md Farooque, Sumanta Kumar Ghosh, Sreyasree Basu, and Arup Mukherjee. "Cationic guar gum orchestrated environmental synthesis for silver nano-bio-composite films." Carbohydrate Polymers 134 (December 2015): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.029.

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Singh, Tarun Pal, Geeta Chauhan, Ravi Kant Agrawal, and S. K. Mendiratta. "Response surface modeling and optimization of tomato puree–casein bio-composite films." Iranian Polymer Journal 27, no. 11 (September 20, 2018): 861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13726-018-0660-3.

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Bangar, Sneh Punia, and William Scott Whiteside. "Nano-cellulose reinforced starch bio composite films- A review on green composites." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 185 (August 2021): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.017.

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Chatli, Manish Kumar, Surabhi Kaura, Mohan Jairath, Nitin Mehta, Pavan Kumar, and Jhari Sahoo. "Storage stability of raw chevon chunks packaged in composite, bioactive films at refrigeration temperature." Animal Production Science 54, no. 9 (2014): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14346.

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Storage stability of raw chevon (goat meat) chunks wrapped in preformed, bioactive, biodegradable films based on composite starch–chitosan and impregnated with nisin (60 000 IU/g; T-1) and cinnamaldehyde (0.5% v/v; T-2) was evaluated relative to unwrapped product (control) under aerobic refrigeration (4°C ± 1°C) conditions for 10 days. Samples were taken on Days 1, 4, 7 and 10 to assess various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality parameters. Water activity and pH of raw chevon chunks followed a decreasing trend during storage under all packaging conditions; the rate of decrease of water activity was higher (P < 0.05) in the control than in bio-packaged products. Values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased throughout storage and were lowest in T-2 and highest in the control. Extract release volume decreased throughout storage under all packaging conditions; however, it was higher (P < 0.05) in bio-packaged products than the control. Microbial quality was better in bio-packaged products than the control throughout storage. Standard plate count was 2.09 log10 cycles lower in T-2 than the control, and coliform count was lower by log10 2.31 cfu/g in T-2 and log10 1.88 in T-1 than the control on Day 7 of storage. Staphylococcus counts were lower (P < 0.05) in bioactive-packaged products than the control throughout the storage period. Sensory quality attributes colour, odour, texture and overall acceptability were better maintained in bio-packaged products than the control during storage, and maximum scores were awarded to T-2. The results indicate that starch–chitosan composite films impregnated with cinnamaldehyde can be used for the packaging of raw goat meat and successfully extend storage life by inhibiting the colour, oxidative and microbial deteriorative changes under refrigeration.

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Xiang, Heng Xue, Zi Ye Chen, Wei Chen, Zhe Zhou, Bin Sun, and Mei Fang Zhu. "Fully Biodegradable Films Based on Functionalized Natural Polyphenol/Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) as a Potential Material for Food Packaging." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2279.

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As a potential material for food packaging, fully biodegradable composite films based on novel functionalized natural polyphenol/Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were successfully fabricated by solution casting, and also the functionalized natural polyphenol (C18TAx) was synthesized by grafting fatty acid onto natural polyphenol Tannic Acid (TA). The resultant C18TAx with better hydrophobicity was uniformly dispersed into a PHBV matrix. The influence of C18TAx dosage on the mechanical behavior, crystallization behavior and thermal properties of the C18TAx/PHBV composite films was investigated by uniaxial tensile mechanical testing, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Polarizing Optical Microscope (POM) and Wide Angle X-ray Diffractometry (WAXD). The results revealed that the x value was about 0.09, showing that about 11/20 phenol hydroxy groups in TA molecules were replaced with fatty acid chains. Compared with those of neat PHBV, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the C18TA0.09/PHBV composite films with 10 wt.% C18TA0.09 content were enhanced by 121%, and 458%, respectively. This improvement was primarily ascribed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in composite films. This new type of fully biodegradable bio-based composite films shows great potential for food packaging.

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Lai, Di Sheng, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Sinar Arzuria Adnan, Ismail Ibrahim, Awad A. Alrashdi, Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi, and Anwar Ul-Hamid. "On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060897.

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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) hybrid bio-composite films containing microcrystalline cellulose (C) and nano-bentonite (B) as hybrid fillers were studied to replace the conventional non-degradable plastic in packaging applications. Raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was subjected to chemical treatment and acid hydrolysis to obtain C filler. B filler was ultra-sonicated for better dispersion in the TPS films to improve the filler–matrix interactions. The morphology and structure of fillers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TPS hybrid bio-composite films were produced by the casting method with different ratios of B and C fillers. The best ratio of B/C was determined through the data of the tensile test. FTIR analysis proved the molecular interactions between the TPS and the hybrid fillers due to the presence of polar groups in their structure. XRD analysis confirmed the intercalation of the TPS chains between the B inter-platelets as a result of well-developed interactions between the TPS and hybrid fillers. SEM images suggested that more plastic deformation occurred in the fractured surface of the TPS hybrid bio-composite film due to the higher degree of stretching after being subjected to tensile loading. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating the hybrid B/C fillers could tremendously improve the mechanical properties of the films. The best ratio of B/C in the TPS was found to be 4:1, in which the tensile strength (8.52MPa), Young’s modulus (42.0 MPa), elongation at break (116.4%) and tensile toughness of the film were increased by 92%, 146%, 156% and 338%, respectively. The significantly improved strength, modulus, flexibility and toughness of the film indicate the benefits of using the hybrid fillers, since these features are useful for the development of sustainable flexible packaging film.

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Hu, Dechao, Wenshi Ma, Zhilin Zhang, Yong Ding, and Li Wu. "Dual Bio-Inspired Design of Highly Thermally Conductive and Superhydrophobic Nanocellulose Composite Films." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 9 (February 12, 2020): 11115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c01425.

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Abdulkhani, Ali, Aysan Najd Mazhar, Sahab Hedjazi, and Yahya Hamzeh. "Preparation of xylan bio-composite films reinforced with oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose and nanocellulose." Polymer Bulletin 77, no. 12 (December 19, 2019): 6227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-03075-5.

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Sooksaen, Pat, Kamonchanok Mekmork, Teeranuch Limprajuablarp, and Sirichoke Kuharuangrong. "Microwave Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite and the Application in Bio-Composite." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.228.

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This research synthesized nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) via microwave assisted heating method. The morphology and crystallinity of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite were affected by heating power and pH of the mixed solution. Nanocrystalline HA was best obtained when synthesized at pH = 11. Crystal size increased and crystal shape changed from spherical to rod and plate-like when the microwave power was increased from 320 to 800 watts. The synthesized nano-HA could be fabricated into bio-composite films using poly lactic acid (PLA) as the matrix and solvent casting method was utilized. In-vitro study for bioactivity was carried out in the SBF solution which formed hydroxyl-carbonate apatite (HCA) layer on the PLA/nano HA composite surface. The layer thickness increased in the background with increasing soaking time in the SBF.

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M, Hasan, E. W. N. Chong, Shima Jafarzadeh, M. T. Paridah, Deepu Gopakumar, H. A. Tajarudin, Sabu Thomas, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "Enhancement in the Physico-Mechanical Functions of Seaweed Biopolymer Film via Embedding Fillers for Plasticulture Application—A Comparison with Conventional Biodegradable Mulch Film." Polymers 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020210.

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This study aimed to compare the performance of fabricated microbially induced precipitated calcium carbonate– (MB–CaCO3) based red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) bio-polymer film and commercial calcium carbonate– (C–CaCO3) based red seaweed bio-film with the conventional biodegradable mulch film. To the best of our knowledge, there has been limited research on the application of commercial CaCO3 (C–CaCO3) and microbially induced CaCO3 (MB–CaCO3) as fillers for the preparation of films from seaweed bio-polymer and comparison with biodegradable commercial plasticulture packaging. The results revealed that the mechanical, contact angle, and biodegradability properties of the polymer composite films incorporated with C–CaCO3 and MB–CaCO3 fillers were comparable or even superior than the conventional biodegradable mulch film. The seaweed polymer film incorporated with MB–CaCO3 showed the highest contact angle of 100.94°, whereas conventional biodegradable mulch film showed a contact angle of 90.25°. The enhanced contact angle of MB–CaCO3 resulted in high barrier properties, which is highly desired in the current scenario for plasticulture packaging application. The water vapor permeability of MB–CaCO3 based seaweed films was low (2.05 ± 1.06 g·m/m2·s·Pa) when compared to conventional mulch film (2.68 ± 0.35 g·m/m2·s·Pa), which makes the fabricated film an ideal candidate for plasticulture application. The highest tensile strength (TS) was achieved by seaweed-based film filled with commercial CaCO3 (84.92% higher than conventional mulch film). SEM images of the fractured surfaces of the fabricated films revealed the strong interaction between seaweed and fillers. Furthermore, composite films incorporated with MB–CaCO3 promote brighter film, better water barrier, hydrophobicity, and biodegradability compared to C–CaCO3 based seaweed polymer film and conventional mulch film. From this demonstrated work, it can be concluded that the fabricated MB–CaCO3 based seaweed biopolymer film will be a promising candidate for plasticulture and agricultural application.

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Spirescu, Vera Alexandra, Cristina Chircov, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Bogdan Ștefan Vasile, and Ecaterina Andronescu. "Inorganic Nanoparticles and Composite Films for Antimicrobial Therapies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094595.

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The development of drug-resistant microorganisms has become a critical issue for modern medicine and drug discovery and development with severe socio-economic and ecological implications. Since standard and conventional treatment options are generally inefficient, leading to infection persistence and spreading, novel strategies are fundamentally necessary in order to avoid serious global health problems. In this regard, both metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrated increased effectiveness as nanobiocides due to intrinsic antimicrobial properties and as nanocarriers for antimicrobial drugs. Among them, gold, silver, copper, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, and iron oxide NPs are the most preferred, owing to their proven antimicrobial mechanisms and bio/cytocompatibility. Furthermore, inorganic NPs can be incorporated or attached to organic/inorganic films, thus broadening their application within implant or catheter coatings and wound dressings. In this context, this paper aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the most recent studies investigating inorganic NPs and their integration into composite films designed for antimicrobial therapies.

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Fan, Tzu-Ling, Shih-Cheng Chou, Tzu-Ying Chan, and Pu-Wei Wu. "Deposition of Pt/IrO2 Composite Films By Electroplating and Electrophoresis for Bio-Sensing Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 35 (May 1, 2020): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-01352452mtgabs.

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Wang, Yue, Rong Zhang, Saeed Ahmed, Wen Qin, and Yaowen Liu. "Preparation and Characterization of Corn Starch Bio-Active Edible Packaging Films Based on Zein Incorporated with Orange-Peel Oil." Antioxidants 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090391.

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Zein, corn starch (CS), and orange-peel oil (OPO) extracted from orange peels were used to prepare novel corn starch/orange-peel oil/zein nanocapsules (OZN) bio-active food packaging materials. The results showed that the OZN were round, smooth and in compact morphology with an average diameter of 102.7 ± 10.5 nm from OPO and zein (3:10, w/w). By testing the turbidity and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of OZN and the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the composite films, the comprehensive properties of composite films with different mass ratios were analyzed. It showed that the addition of OZN improved the mechanical and moisture barrier properties and extended the release time of OPO. When the ratio of OZN and CS is 5:5, the highest elongation at break and tensile strengths is achieved, at values of 30.91% ± 2.52% and 12.19 ± 1.97 MPa respectively. The relative release concentration of OPO was highest at a ratio of 5/5, and over time it would last longer to maintain a higher release concentration. Besides, the oxidation resistance of the composite film was good, especially when the ration of starch CS to OZN was 5/5, it had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (30.16% ± 1.69%). Thus, it can be used as a bio-active edible food packaging film to ensure the safety of food products and reduce environmental pressure to some extent.

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Hermawan, D., Tze Kiat Lai, Shima Jafarzadeh, Deepu A. Gopakumar, Hasan M., F. A. T. Owolabi, N. A. Sri Aprilia, Samsul Rizal, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "Development of seaweed-based bamboo microcrystalline cellulose films intended for sustainable food packaging applications." BioResources 14, no. 2 (March 7, 2019): 3389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.3389-3410.

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Seaweed bio-composite films with different proportion of Lemang and Semantan bamboo microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were fabricated via solvent casting. The seaweed/MCC composite films were flexible, transparent, and slightly yellow. The MCC particles further enhanced mechanical properties and opacity of films. The thermal stability of seaweed films was moderately improved upon addition of bamboo MCC particles. Bamboo MCC was found to be comparable to commercial MCC in reducing the water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility (WS), and moisture absorption capacity (MSC) of seaweed films. The tensile strength (TS) of seaweed films was increased by 20 to 23% with addition of up to 5% MCC particles. In addition, bamboo MCC efficiently reduced the WVP of seaweed films comparable to commercial MCC particles. The WS of seaweed films was decreased by 10 to 19% with addition of 1% MCC particles loading. Lemang bamboo MCC (SB-MCC) was remarkably reduced the moisture absorption capacity (MAC) of films up to 25% with inclusion of only 1% MCC. Morphological analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed that there was homogeneous dispersion of MCC particles in the films. MCC particles improved the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of seaweed films making them more suitable for food packaging applications.

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Wang, Ming Qiu, Jun Yan, Shi Guo Du, Yi Guo, Hong Guang Li, Hai Ping Cui, and Hao Qin. "Low Temperature Preparation and Microstructure of TiO₂ Nanostructured Thin Films Coated Short Glass Fibers by Biomimetic Synthesis Technology." Key Engineering Materials 537 (January 2013): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.537.229.

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By using organic amine as the soft template, TiO2 nanostructured thin films have been deposited on the surface of short glass fibers (SGFs) by biomimetic synthesis technology at low temperature (85°C). The properties of composite particles, including surface morphology, the phase composition of the coating layer and microstructure were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and Raman. The results show that the functional layers containing NH2 and OH groups can be formed through a kind of organic amine, which can induce the bio-mineralization of nano-TiO2 on the SGFs surfaces. The XRD shows that TiO2 thin films uniformly coated on SGFs surfaces were mainly anatase. The surface roughness of SGFs was remarkably increased after coating. Compared with uncoated SGFs as filler, the abrasive loss of composite coatings decreased to 47 percent of that coatings filled with uncoated SGFs, when the composite fiber powders were filled in wear-resistant coatings based on the silicone modified epoxy resins. Therefore, anti-wear property of coatings was notably enhanced.

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Nath, Dilip Chandra Deb, Sri Bandyopadhyay, Aibing Yu, Darryl Blackburn, and Chris White. "High strength bio-composite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) reinforced with chemically modified-fly ash." Journal of Materials Science 45, no. 5 (December 9, 2009): 1354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-4091-6.

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Shahi, Naresh, Gautam Joshi, and Byungjin Min. "Effect of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers Derived from Black Oat on Functional Properties of PVA-Based Biocomposite Film." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091149.

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In this study, agricultural residue from black oat, a cover crop usually grown to improve soil nutrients between the periods of regular crop production, was used as a source of cellulose fibers. Concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt. % of regenerated cellulose (RC) fibers blended in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution were used to prepare the reinforced composite films (CFs) by the solvent cast method. Compared to neat PVA film (control), the effects of RC addition on functional properties of CFs, such as water absorption, transparency, thermal stability, and mechanical property were investigated. All CFs with different RC concentrations exhibited improved mechanical property and thermal stability while the swelling property was decreased, and no significant changes were observed in the film transparency as compared with the control film. Among the CFs, films with 3% RC significantly decreased water vapor transmission rate, swelling, and soluble fraction (p < 0.05). In addition, Young’s modulus and tensile strength were increased by 40 MPa and 3 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break was decreased by 4%, compared to the control film. The results indicate that RC from black oat might be feasible as potential bio fillers to improve film properties in a bio-based composite matrix.

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Hu, Zhang, Dong-Ying Zhang, Si-Tong Lu, Pu-Wang Li, and Si-Dong Li. "Chitosan-Based Composite Materials for Prospective Hemostatic Applications." Marine Drugs 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2018): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080273.

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Effective hemostasis is vital to reduce the pain and mortality of patients, and the research and development of hemostatic materials are prerequisite for effective hemostasis. Chitosan (CS), with good biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity, has been widely applied in bio-medicine, the chemical industry, the food industry and cosmetics. The excellent hemostatic properties of CS have been extensively studied. As a result, chitosan-based composite hemostatic materials have been emerging. In this review, the hemostatic mechanism of chitosan is briefly discussed, and then the progress of research on chitosan-based composite hemostatic materials with multiple forms such as films, sponges, hydrogels, particles and fibers are introduced. Finally, future perspectives of chitosan-based composite hemostatic materials are given. The objective of this review is to provide a reference for further research and development of effective hemostatic materials.

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Mohanapriya, S., A. K. Sahu, S. D. Bhat, S. Pitchumani, P. Sridhar, C. George, N. Chandrakumar, and A. K. Shukla. "Bio-Composite Membrane Electrolytes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158, no. 11 (2011): B1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.030111jes.

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Ji, Zhang, Zhang, Quan, Huang, and Wang. "Fluorescent and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Quantum Dots Modified Sodium Alginate-Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Nanocomposite Bio-Polymer Films." Polymers 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091476.

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Highly luminescent silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) were prepared via one-pot hydrothermal route. Furthermore, the optimal synthetic conditions, dependence of the emission spectrum on the excitation wavelength and fluorescent stability of SiQDs were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. SiQDs exhibited bright blue fluorescence, and photoluminescence (PL) lifetime is 10.8 ns when excited at 325 nm. The small-sized SiQDs (~3.3 nm) possessed uniform particle size, crystal lattice spacing of 0.31 nm and silicon (111), (220) crystal planes. Luminescent SiQDs/sodium alginate (SA)-carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) nanocomposite bio-polymer films were successfully fabricated by incorporating SiQDs into the SA-CMC matrix. Meanwhile, SiQDs not only impart strong fluorescence to the polymer, but also make the composite films have favorable toughness.

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Negrila, Catalin Constantin, Daniela Predoi, Rodica V. Ghita, Simona Liliana Iconaru, Steluta Carmen Ciobanu, Mirela Manea, Monica Luminita Badea, et al. "Multi-Level Evaluation of UV Action upon Vitamin D Enhanced, Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films Deposited on Titanium Substrate." Coatings 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020120.

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Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp) is an important bioactive material for bone tissue reconstruction, due to its highly thermodynamic stability at a physiological pH without bio-resorption. In the present study, the Ag:HAp and the corresponding Ag:HAp + D3 thin films (~200 nm) coating were obtained by vacuum deposition method on Ti substrate. The obtained samples were exposed to different UV irradiation times, in order to investigate the UV light action upon thin films, before considering this method for the thin film’s decontamination. The effects of UV irradiation upon Ag:Hap + D3 are presented for the first time in the literature, marking a turning point for understanding the effect of UV light on composite biomaterial thin films. The UV irradiation induced an increase in the initial stages of surface roughness of Ag:HAp thin film, correlated with the modifications of XPS and FTIR signals. The characteristics of thin films measured by AFM (RMS) analysis corroborated with XPS and FTIR investigation highlighted a process of recovery of the thin film’s properties (e.g., RMS), suggesting a possible adaptation to UV irradiation. This process has been a stage to a more complicated UVA rapid degradation process. The antifungal assays demonstrated that all the investigated samples exhibited antifungal properties. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assays revealed that the HeLa cells morphology did not show any alterations after 24 h of incubation with the Ag:HAp and Ag:HAp + D3 thin films.

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Rivera-Galletti, Ashley, Ye Xue, Stacy Love, David Salas de la Cruz, and Xiao Hu. "Electrospun Silk-Cellulose Composite Nanomaterials Using Ionic Liquid Regenerated Films." Proceedings 69, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cgpm2020-07597.

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Electrospinning is a widely used technique to draw recalcitrant biopolymer solutions into micro to nanoscale materials in a simple and economical way. The first focus of this research involved using ionic liquids as a non-volatile solvent for natural insoluble biopolymers such as silk and cellulose (or cellulose derivatives). Compared to traditional organic solvents, ionic liquids can dissolve biopolymers without altering the molecular weight of the biopolymer. In this study, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidizolium acetate (EMIMAc) ionic liquid was used and the regenerated films were coagulated in baths of EtOH or water. The second focus of this research explored the dissolution of IL-regenerated composites into organic solvents and their electrospun composite nanomaterials. Various ratios of silk-cellulose bio-composite films regenerated from ionic liquids were used as the raw materials and sequentially dissolved/dispersed into a Formic Acid-CaCl2 solution in order to initiate the electrospinning of silk-cellulose nanomaterials. Because of the variability of ionic liquids, the nanomaterials produced using this technique have unique and tunable properties such as large surface area to volume ratios and low structural defects. FTIR and SEM results suggest that the structure and morphology of the final nanosized samples becomes more globular when the biopolymer composition ratio has increased cellulose content. TGA results demonstrated that the electrospun materials have better thermal stability than the original films. This two-step electrospinning method, using ionic liquid as a non-volatile solvent to first dissolve and mix raw natural materials, may lead to extensive research into its biomedical and pharmaceutical applications in the future.

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Popescu, Maria-Cristina, Bianca-Ioana Dogaru, and Carmen-Mihaela Popescu. "The influence of cellulose nanocrystals content on the water sorption properties of bio-based composite films." Materials & Design 132 (October 2017): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.06.067.

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Li, Yuan-Qing, Ting Yu, Tian-Yi Yang, Lian-Xi Zheng, and Kin Liao. "Bio-Inspired Nacre-like Composite Films Based on Graphene with Superior Mechanical, Electrical, and Biocompatible Properties." Advanced Materials 24, no. 25 (June 22, 2012): 3426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201200452.

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Liu, D. G., L. Zheng, Y. Liang, H. Li, J. Q. Liu, L. M. Luo, and Y. C. Wu. "Preparation, biocompatibility, and biotribological properties of TiN-incorporated graphite-like amorphous carbon bio-ceramic composite films." Ceramics International 44, no. 6 (April 2018): 6810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.01.102.

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Kurek, Mia, Sabina Galus, and Frédéric Debeaufort. "Surface, mechanical and barrier properties of bio-based composite films based on chitosan and whey protein." Food Packaging and Shelf Life 1, no. 1 (March 2014): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2014.01.001.

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Figueroa-Lopez, Kelly J., Margarita María Andrade-Mahecha, and Olga Lucía Torres-Vargas. "Spice oleoresins containing antimicrobial agents improve the potential use of bio-composite films based on gelatin." Food Packaging and Shelf Life 17 (September 2018): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.05.005.

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MOHAMED, SALAH A. A., AHMED SALAMA, MOHAMED EL-SAKHAWY, and ABDELMAGEED M. OTHMAN. "SUSTAINABLE CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL REINFORCED CHITOSAN/HPMC BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS CONTAINING MENTHOL OIL AS PACKAGING MATERIALS." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 5-6 (June 30, 2021): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.53.

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There is a growing demand to develop biodegradable composite films, with enhanced water resistance, antimicrobial activity, high mechanical properties and low oxygen permeability. In the present study, chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and containing menthol oil were prepared for food packaging applications. Menthol oil was selected due to its antibacterial properties, as well as relatively low cost and wide availability. CNC was prepared from bagasse via acid degradation. The bio-composites were prepared through a simple and versatile solution mixing and casting method. The morphology, chemical composition, water absorption, mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of the films were investigated. FTIR spectra were used to evaluate the film structure in terms of the interactions between components. Data showed that the addition of CNC improved the mechanical properties of the formed films and the menthol oil enhanced their antibacterial properties. HPMC and HPMC/CNC reduced the water absorption of the pure chitosan membrane from 70% to 22% and 9-11% by weight, respectively, which makes these constituents a good alternative for producing packaging.

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Ji, Gangchang, Yanlong Zou, Qingyu Chen, Hailong Yao, Xiaobo Bai, Chao Yang, Hongtao Wang, and Fang Wang. "Mechanical properties of warm sprayed HATi bio-ceramic composite coatings." Ceramics International 46, no. 17 (December 2020): 27021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.07.179.

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Ouali, Ahmed Amine, Roman Rinberg, Lothar Kroll, Wolfgang Nendel, Aleksandr Todorov, and Holger Cebulla. "Natural Fibre Reinforced Bioplastics - Innovative Semi-Finished Products for Series Production." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.255.

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The development of innovative bio-based composites with efficient manufacturing processes is the purpose of the current project C4 in the framework of the Excellence Cluster MERGE EXC 1075, funded by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Efficiency in terms of mass-production, reproducibility and flexibility requires the performance of successive steps in the manufacture of semi-finished and final bio-based products. About bio-based materials, natural fibres composite (NFC) prepregs have been recently investigated as a potential cost-efficient semi-finished product. By means of continuous production processes, prepreg rolls can be manufactured with unidirectional natural fibres (flax) fabrics as reinforcement and thermoplastic biopolymers films as matrix. The used natural fibre non-crimp fabrics are made of high twisted yarns. For a better impregnation and higher stiffness properties, non-crimp fabrics with non-twisted yarns, which have been lastly developed by natural fibres suppliers, represent an appropriate solution. A second suitable option is the substitution of the biopolymer films, whose impermeability does not facilitate the release of humidity from the natural fibres while the impregnation, by produced low cost thermoplastic spunlace fabrics with a higher permeability and lower reachable surface weights. With these material developments and innovative process optimizations suitable to natural fibres, NFC prepreg properties tend to be improved. From prepregs to finished parts can be implemented by discontinuous processes, with compression molding and back-injection molding, or by continuous processes, with devices gathering several stages such as cutting, stacking, points welding, pre-heating and back injection molding. By stacking, a multi-axial orientation of prepregs can be performed in order to optimize the placement of reinforcing yarns according to the possible load path of future products. The mechanical properties profile of the combination of non-crimp natural fibres fabrics with thermoplastic films or thermoplastic spunlace fabrics has been here studied in detail with press-engineered samples and has confirmed the potential as an alternative to glass fibre-reinforced composite.

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Jha, Kanishka, Ravinder Kumar, Kartikey Verma, Babulal Chaudhary, Y. K. Tyagi, and Subhash Singh. "Application of modified TOPSIS technique in deciding optimal combination for bio-degradable composite." Vacuum 157 (November 2018): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.08.063.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-composite films'

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