Journal articles: 'Bio-Based concrete'

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., Harshali J. "BIO CONCRETE AND BACTERIA BASED SELF HEALING CONCRETE." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 05 (May 25, 2016): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0505018.

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Ghorbel, Elhem, Mariem Limaiem, and George Wardeh. "Mechanical Performance of Bio-Based FRP-Confined Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071778.

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This research investigates the effectiveness of bio-sourced flax fiber-reinforced polymer in comparison with a traditional system based on carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer in order to confine recycled aggregate concretes. The experimental investigation was conducted on two series of concrete including three mixtures with 30%, 50%, and 100% of recycled aggregates and a reference concrete made with natural aggregates. The concrete mixtures were intended for a frost environment where an air-entraining agent was added to the mixture of the second series to achieve 4% air content. The first part of the present work is experimental and aimed to characterize the compressive performance of confined materials. The results indicated that bio-sourced composites are efficient in strengthening recycled aggregates concrete, especially the air-entrained one. It was also found that the compressive strength and the strain enhancement obtained from FRP confinement are little affected by the replacement ratio. The second part was dedicated to the analytical modeling of mechanical properties and stress–strain curves under compression. With the most adequate ultimate strength and strain prediction relationships, the full behavior of FRP-confined concrete can be predicted using the model developed by Ghorbel et al. to account for the presence of recycled aggregates in concrete mixtures.

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Zhu, Yaguang, Quanquan Li, Peizhen Xu, Xiangrui Wang, and Shicong Kou. "Properties of Concrete Prepared with Recycled Aggregates Treated by Bio-Deposition Adding Oxygen Release Compound." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2019): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132147.

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Recycled aggregates have high water absorption and crushing index. In order to improve the properties of recycled aggregates in concrete production, various treatments were used to modify the aggregates. In recent years, bio-deposition as a new treatment method of recycled aggregates was environmentally friendly. An improved method of bio-deposition was implemented to modify the properties of recycled mortar aggregates (RMA). O-bio-deposition is based on aerobic bacteria induced CaCO3 precipitation by respiration by varying the distance between the RMA and the bottom of the container and by adding an oxygen release compound to the culture solution that contains bacteria to promote the induction of CaCO3. First, the physical properties, including water absorption, crushing value, and apparent density, of the coarse RMA under different treatment methods were determined, and an o-bio-deposition treatment method was obtained. The fine RMA was treated and compared with the untreated RMA. Concretes were then prepared from the treated coarse RMA, and compressive strength and slump were determined. In addition, the effect of the o-bio-deposition treatment on the RMA surface and the micro-cracks of concretes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the water absorption and crushing index of the coarse RMA treated by o-bio-deposition were reduced by 40.38 and 19.76% compared with untreated RMA, respectively. Regarding the concrete, the slump and the compressive strength (28 d) of concrete were increased by 115% and 25.3%, respectively compared with the untreated concrete.

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Yane Putri, Prima, Isao Ujike, and Keiyu Kawaai. "Application of bio-based material for concrete repair: case study leakage on parallel concrete slab." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801013.

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The applicability of bio-based materials for concrete repair has been studied. This technique employs yeast, glucose and calcium acetate mixed in Tris buffer solution. The microbial metabolic process leads to precipitation of calcium carbonate. First, this study investigated the applicability of bio-based repair materials to small-scale concrete specimens. On this research, water permeability test was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected mixtures for sealing cracks in the concrete specimens. As the result of permeability tests carried out using specimens with crack width of 0.6 mm, water leakage through crack was observed to be negligible after 216 hours by continuous pouring method using bio-based repair materials. Also, this study showed the initial flow rate for the specimens with the same crack width does not influence crack sealing time. Furthermore, the precipitation of the calcium carbonate from the bio-based materials was analyzed by Fourier-Transformed Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and then examined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for mineral identification formed through the microbial metabolic process.

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Yang, Keun-Hyeok, Hee-Seob Lim, and Seung-Jun Kwon. "Effective Bio-Slime Coating Technique for Concrete Surfaces under Sulfate Attack." Materials 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071512.

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The service life of concretes exposed to sulfate decreases as the concrete body expands due to the formation of gypsum and ettringite. Bacteria-based repair coating layers, which have been studied lately, are aerobic and very effective on the sulfate attack. In this study, bio-slime repair coating layers were fabricated using bacteria, and chloride diffusion experiments were performed. In addition, the service life of concrete under sulfate attack was evaluated using time-dependent diffusivity and a multi-layer technique. Chloride diffusivity was compared with sulfate diffusivity based on literature review, and the results were used to consider the reduction in the diffusion coefficient. In the analysis results, the service life of concrete was evaluated to be 38.5 years without bio-slime coating layer, but it was increased to 41.5–54.3 years using it. In addition, when the thickness of the bio-slime coating layer is 2.0 mm, the service life can be increased by 1.31–2.15 times if the sulfate diffusion coefficient of the layer is controlled at a level of 0.1 ~ 0.3 × 10−12 m2/s. Eco-friendly and aerobic bio-slime coating layers are expected to effectively resist sulfate under appropriate construction conditions.

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Loginova, Svetlana. "Assessment of biological aggressive environment effects on the strength properties and structural-phase composition of concrete." Smart composite in construction 4, no. 2 (June 23, 2023): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/2782-1919-2024-4-2-55-63.

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The article points out the lack of radically effective worldwide methods of anti-biocorrosion protection. The author considers the role of microorganisms on concrete corrosion, describes the mechanisms of biological effect and biofilm formation on concrete surface. The article focuses on the determination of causes and peculiarities of cement concrete biocorrosion in conditions of high humidity. According to the author, biocorrosive impact reduces strength characteristics of concrete and causes its fast destruction. The author has revealed changes in structural-phase composition of concrete during surface biofouling. Although there are available methods to increase the bio-resistance of cement-based concretes, it is problematic to guarantee their preservation because bio-destructors have the ability to adapt to the work environment. The paper attempts to assess and predict the resistance of a building material in a biologically aggressive environment properly

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Bhanusuresh, H. S. "Study on bacteria based self-healing properties of bio-concrete - An overview." i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering 13, no. 1 (2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jce.13.1.19319.

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The use of bacteria-based self-healing concrete has gained attention in recent years due to its potential to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete structures. This paper provides an overview of the research conducted on the self-healing properties of bacteria-based bio-concrete. The paper discusses the mechanism of bacterial self-healing in concrete, the types of bacteria used in self-healing concrete, and the methods used to introduce bacteria into the concrete. The paper also reviews comparative studies that evaluate the mechanical properties and durability of selfhealing bacterial concrete compared to traditional concrete. The results of these studies demonstrate that the use of bacteria in concrete can improve the self-healing capacity of the material, leading to better mechanical properties and a higher resistance to cracking and freeze-thaw damage. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potential environmental and economic benefits of using self-healing bacterial concrete. The self-healing capacity of the concrete can reduce the need for costly repairs and maintenance of concrete structures, resulting in lower costs and a reduced environmental impact associated with concrete production. Additionally, the use of waste materials as nutrient sources for bacteria can promote the circular economy and contribute to sustainable development. Overall, this paper highlights the promising potential of self-healing bacterial concrete to improve the durability, sustainability, and economic viability of concrete structures.

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Kemper, Benjamin Norbert. "Bio-Formwork." Open Conference Proceedings 2 (December 15, 2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/ocp.v2i.130.

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The following research synthesizes biopolymers with digital fabrication tools, such as robotic 3D printing, to complement existing research on reducing the amount of concrete used in buildings. It investigates bio-based and biodegradable polymers for concrete formworks. The climate crisis challenges architects and designers to explore alternative opportunities for sustainable fabrication processes. Biopolymers have emerged as a potential material to replace petroleum-based plastics used in the built environment. This research aims to rethink the materials used in the construction of buildings and suggests introducing bio-based and biodegradable materials in architecture.

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Putri, Prima Yane, Isao Ujike, Nevy Sandra, Fitra Rifwan, and Totoh Andayono. "Calcium Carbonate in Bio-Based Material and Factor Affecting Its Precipitation Rate for Repairing Concrete." Crystals 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100883.

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The use of bio-based material for repairing concrete is a relatively new method. Therefore, more results from simulated real-condition experiments are needed before being applied on a practical scale. In the recent past, several studies have been conducted on the improvement of bio-based repair materials. In this study, the bio-based material involving yeast, glucose, and calcium acetate mixed in a Tris buffer solution showed the potential to develop a microbial process leading to the precipitation of calcium carbonate. We investigated the factors affecting the precipitation rate of the calcium carbonate of bio-based materials for repairing leakage in the concrete specimens. Based on a series of experiments involving temperature, the type of dry yeast, and the concentration of the Tris buffer solution, the composition of bio-based materials with the highest precipitation rate of calcium carbonate was selected. The selected mixture could be applied to repair leakage of concrete until the cracks are sealed entirely.

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Zawad, Md Fahad Shahriar, Md Asifur Rahman, and Sudipto Nath Priyom. "Bio-Engineered Concrete: A Critical Review on The Next Generation of Durable Concrete." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.65317.

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Concrete is a prerequisite material for infrastructural development, which is required to be sufficiently strong and durable. It consists of fine, coarse, and aggregate particles bonded with a fluid cement that hardens over time. However, micro cracks development in concrete is a significant threat to its durability. To overcome this issue, several treatments and maintenance methods are adopted after construction, to ensure the durability of the structure. These include the use of bio-engineered concrete, which involved the biochemical reaction of non-reacted limestone and a calcium-based nutrient with the help of bacteria. These bio-cultures (bacteria) act as spores, which have the ability to survive up to 200 years, as they are also found to start the mineralization process and the filling of cracks or pores when in contact with moisture. Previous research proved that bio-engineered concrete is a self-healing technology, which developed the mechanical strength properties of the composite materials. The mechanism and healing process of the concrete is also natural and eco-friendly. Therefore, this study aims to critically analyze bio-engineered concrete and its future potentials in the Structural Engineering field, through the use of literature review. The data analysis was conducted in order to provide gradual and informative ideas on the historical background, present situation, and main mechanism process of the materials. According to the literature review, bio-engineered concrete has a promising outcome in the case of strength increment and crack healing. However, the only disadvantage was its less application in the practical fields. The results concluded that bio-engineered concrete is a new method for ensuring sustainable infrastructural development. And also, it indicated that more practical outcome-based analysis with extensive application in various aspects should be conducted, in order to assess the overall durability.

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Machado, Marina, Mário Garrido, João P. Firmo, Adriana Azevedo, João R. Correia, João C. Bordado, and Filipe Dourado. "Bio-Based Pultruded CFRP Laminates: Bond to Concrete and Structural Performance of Full-Scale Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 4974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16144974.

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This paper presents an experimental study about the use of innovative bio-based pultruded carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates for structural strengthening. The bio-based laminates were produced in the framework of an applied research project (BioLam) using a resin system with 50% (wt.%) bio-based content, obtained from renewable resources. In the first part of the study, their tensile and interlaminar shear properties were characterized and compared with those of conventional oil-based CFRP laminates. In the second part of the study, the bond behavior to concrete of both types of CFRP laminates applied according to the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique was assessed by means of single-lap shear tests performed on CFRP-strengthened concrete blocks; the experimental results obtained from these tests were then used in a numerical procedure to calibrate local bond vs. slip laws for both types of laminates. The final part of this study comprised four-point bending tests on full-scale EBR-CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams to assess the structural efficacy of the bio-based laminates; these were benchmarked with tests performed on similar RC beams strengthened with conventional CFRP laminates. The results obtained in this study show that the (i) material properties, (ii) the bond behavior to concrete, and (iii) the structural efficacy of the developed bio-based CFRP laminates are comparable to those of their conventional counterparts, confirming their potential to be used in the strengthening of RC structures.

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Sierra-Beltran, M. Guadalupe, H. M. Jonkers, and E. Schlangen. "Characterization of sustainable bio-based mortar for concrete repair." Construction and Building Materials 67 (September 2014): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.012.

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Kalliola, A., T. Vehmas, T. Liitiä, and T. Tamminen. "Alkali-O2 oxidized lignin – A bio-based concrete plasticizer." Industrial Crops and Products 74 (November 2015): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.04.056.

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Luo, Jing, Xiaobo Chen, Jada Crump, Hui Zhou, David G. Davies, Guangwen Zhou, Ning Zhang, and Congrui Jin. "Interactions of fungi with concrete: Significant importance for bio-based self-healing concrete." Construction and Building Materials 164 (March 2018): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.233.

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Yew, M. K., M. C. Yew, J. H. Beh, L. H. Saw, Y. L. Lee, J. H. Lim, and C Y T. "Fire resistance of lightweight foam concrete by incorporating lightweight bio-based aggregate." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 920, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/920/1/012009.

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Abstract Concrete is widely used in the industry due to its effectiveness in terms of cost and strength. In this study, the introduction of bio-based aggregate as coarse aggregate in lightweight foam concrete will be investigated to find a better solution for fire incidents that are commonly happened. As such, lightweight foam concrete (LWFC) has been applied in many buildings especially in non-load bearing wall to enhance thermal conductivity, sound insulation and fire resistance. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of incorporating bio-based aggregate namely oil palm shell (OPS) into lightweight form concrete in terms of strength properties and fire resistance. Three different concrete mix was designed containing different percentage of OPS aggregate replacement (0, 5, 10 and 15%). From the result, the compressive strength of the LWFC-CTR mixture had achieved the highest compressive strength at 28-day, which is recorded at 3.82 MPa. The fire resistance of LWFC-OPS 15% had showed a positive outcome with improvement by almost 23.5% compared to control mix at 15 minutes. Therefore, the major finding of this research is the incorporation of eco-friendly OPS aggregate has improved the fire resistance of lightweight foam concrete, which can be used as an alternative solution for non-load bearing walls.

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Huseien, Ghasan Fahim, Ali Taha Saleh, and Sib K. Ghoshal. "Effective Microorganism Solution and High Volume of Fly Ash Blended Sustainable Bio-Concrete." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020065.

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Currently, the production of sustainable concrete with high strength, durability, and fewer environmental problems has become a priority of concrete industries worldwide. Based on this fact, the effective microorganism (EM) solution was included in the concrete mixtures to modify the engineering properties. Concrete specimens prepared with 50% fly ash (FA) as an ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacement were considered as the control sample. The influence of EM solution inclusion (at various contents of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% weight) in the cement matrix as water replacement was examined to determine the optimum ratio that can enhance the early and late strength of the proposed bio-concrete. The compressive strength, porosity, carbonation depth, resistance to sulphuric acid attack, and the environmental benefits of the prepared bio-concrete were evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties and durability performance of the bio-concrete were improved due to the addition of EM and FA. Furthermore, the inclusion of 10% EM could increase the compressive strength of the bio-concrete at 3 (early) and 28 days by 42.5% and 14.6%, respectively. The durability performance revealed a similar trend wherein the addition of 50% FA and 10% EM into the bio-concrete could improve its resistance against acid attack by 35.1% compared to the control specimen. The concrete mix designed with 10% EM was discerned to be optimum, with approximately 49.3% lower carbon dioxide emission compared to traditional cement.

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Rajendran, Lavanya Muthugoundenpalayam, Johnpaul Vincent, Balasundaram Natarajan, and Venkatesan Govindan. "The Effects of Nano-Based Bio-Carbonates in Superhydrophobic Concrete—A Review." Buildings 13, no. 5 (May 22, 2023): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051354.

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Concrete must be a hydrophilic compound that is easily fabricated by nature. At the nanoscale, mechanical and chemical reactions alter the quality of cement-based substances. Continuous sprinkling of nano-silica solution synthesised with minimal surface solvents has been used to create a superhydrophobic (SH) concrete surface while similarly modifying the surface’s chemical composition and dynamical intrinsic structure. In this study, we examine the impacts of admixtures in SH concrete including nano-based bio-carbonate. The fundamental characteristics and dispersal techniques of nanoparticles often employed in cement-based compounds are reviewed initially in this paper. Investigations of the large contact angle, small slide angle, and carbonated thickness have been employed to analyze the impacts of admixtures. Additionally, the industry and uses of nanoparticles for concrete substances are addressed, and the expense is inventively represented by a survey questionnaire. Finally, this article identifies the obstacles that now occur in the field of research and offers appropriate future viewpoints.

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Qian, Chun Xiang, Mian Luo, Li Fu Ren, Rui Xing Wang, Rui Yang Li, Qing Feng Pan, and Huai Cheng Chen. "Self-Healing and Repairing Concrete Cracks Based on Bio-Mineralization." Key Engineering Materials 629-630 (October 2014): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.629-630.494.

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In this paper, three bio-mineralization mechanisms were proposed to repair cement-based materials cracks. The common feature is that the three are all induced by bacterial. A type of bacterial which can decompose urea and release carbonate ions could be applied to repair micro cracks on concrete surface when combining calcium ions. But what need to be noted is that the way of repairing cracks is passive. Some alkaliphilic bacterial spores could be added to concrete when casted and two different types of bacterial were used to realize the function of self-healing. The sources of carbonate ions made them different, the one release carbonate dioxide through its own cellular respiration, the other could transfer carbon dioxide in air to bicarbonate. Coefficient of capillary suction, apparent water permeation coefficient and area repairing rate were applied to characterize the repairing effectiveness. The tests results were that all three bio-mineralization mechanisms showed excellent repair effect to small cracks formed at early ages. When the bacteria were immobilized by ceramsite, the self-healing effect could be improved for the cracks formed at late ages.

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Bang, S. S., J. J. Lippert, U. Yerra, S. Mulukutla, and V. Ramakrishnan. "Microbial calcite, a bio-based smart nanomaterial in concrete remediation." International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 1, no. 1 (February 17, 2010): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475411003593451.

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Mustafa, Kazi Fahriba, Alejandro Prieto, and Marc Ottele. "The Role of Geometry on a Self-Sustaining Bio-Receptive Concrete Panel for Facade Application." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137453.

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Bio-receptivity refers to the aptitude of a material to allow for the natural growth of small plant species on stony surfaces with minimum external influence. Despite the numerous associated environmental benefits, the growth of mosses and lichens on facades has always been viewed as a negative phenomenon due to the random and shabby growth conditions. This research dealt with the design of a self-sustaining bio-receptive concrete facade system with an aim to create a more sustainable and green concrete for the construction industry. The research used surface geometry as a design variable to facilitate moss growth on concrete panels in an ordered and systematic manner. The exercise was an attempt to not only address the functional aspect of bio-receptivity but also its aesthetical quality, which has a primary influence on people’s perception of bio-receptivity and can promote mass use of this type of concrete material. The research was conducted in a top-down approach, where first, through design by research, six distinctly designed concrete panels were fabricated using adapted material composition (blast furnace cement with 75% slag, 0.6 water/cement, sand 0–4 mm and gravel 5–8 mm) as the boundary condition. The concrete mixture together with no curing policy resulted in highly porous concrete panels, suitable for bio-receptive properties. Next in the design validation phase, the influence of surface geometry/roughness on the water retention ability of the panels and the subsequent moss growth on the panels were evaluated through in vitro experiments. The water retention experiment of the panels was based on quantitative measurements for weight, relative humidity and temperature at several time intervals. The moss-growing experiment was carried out within an ideal greenhouse condition where the panels were initially inoculated with moss spores; the results were based on qualitative observation for a period of 4 months. According to the comparative analysis of these results, with the same material composition, Panel 2 showed the highest bio-colonization owing to its prominent surface geometry, whereas Panel 5 showed the least bio-colonization owing to its plain surface despite high absorption capacity. Thus, the role of geometry has been extensively proven in this research and as an outcome a set of general design guidelines have been formulated for a self-sustaining bio-receptive concrete facade panel, using geometry as a design variable for bio-receptivity.

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Wu, Fan, Qingliang Yu, and Changwu Liu. "Durability of thermal insulating bio-based lightweight concrete: Understanding of heat treatment on bio-aggregates." Construction and Building Materials 269 (February 2021): 121800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121800.

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Nihar, Ch, and U. V. Narayana Rao. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Activated Concrete Developed using Bio Cementation Process." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1280, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1280/1/012028.

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Abstract The second-most-used material worldwide is concrete. The production of cement is responsible for 8% of the world’s carbon emissions. For every kilogram of cement produced, 0.9 kilograms of carbon dioxide are released. OPC use is growing, which has negative repercussions like global warming that have an impact on the environment. We require an eco-binder that can replace OPC in concrete either completely or partially in order to considerably reduce CO2 emissions from the cement industry. An environmentally sustainable approach to reducing carbon emissions from the construction industry is alkali-activated materials. It involves the reaction of industrial wastes like fly ash and GGBS, which are rich in aluminosilicates, with alkali activators like NaOH and Na2SiO3, forming a binding material called alkali-activated concrete. There is a wealth of information on the effectiveness of alkali-activated concrete. The behaviour of such alkali-activated concrete made by bio-cementation is the topic of the current investigation. The process involves the specific action of urease-producing bacteria, which results in calcium carbonate buildup and enhances the mechanical characteristics of cementitious materials. The focus of the current investigation was on the mechanical characteristics of GGBS and fly ash-based alkali-activated concretes using the activators NaOH and Na2SiO3 made with the bio-cementation technique.

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Murcia, Daniel Heras, Siham Al Shanti, Fatemeh Hamidi, Jessica Rimsza, Hongkyu Yoon, Budi Gunawan, Mohammed Abdellatef, and Mahmoud Reda Taha. "Development and Characterization of a Sustainable Bio-Polymer Concrete with a Low Carbon Footprint." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030628.

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Polymer concrete (PC) has been used to replace cement concrete when harsh service conditions exist. Polymers have a high carbon footprint when considering their life cycle analysis, and with increased climate change concerns and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emission, bio-based polymers could be used as a sustainable alternative binder to produce PC. This paper examines the development and characterization of a novel bio-polymer concrete (BPC) using bio-based polyurethane used as the binder in lieu of cement, modified with benzoic acid and carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The mechanical performance, durability, microstructure, and chemical properties of BPC are investigated. Moreover, the effect of the addition of benzoic acid and MWCNTs on the properties of BPC is studied. The new BPC shows relatively low density, appreciable compressive strength between 20–30 MPa, good tensile strength of 4 MPa, and excellent durability resistance against aggressive environments. The new BPC has a low carbon footprint, 50% lower than ordinary Portland cement concrete, and can provide a sustainable concrete alternative in infrastructural applications.

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Cătălin, Sbîrlea, Isopescu Dorina Nicolina, Ungureanu Dragoş, Maxineasa Sebastian George, and Polcovnicu Răzvan-Andrei. "Bio-Cementation: An Eco-Friendly Solution to Reduce the Water Infiltrations in Hidrotechnical Concrete Elements." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Section 67, no. 3 (July 18, 2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipca-2021-0024.

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Abstract The bio-cementation repairing technique consists in using a bio product which precipitates in a porous environment and thus, filling the internal voids. In the construction industry, there is a series of applications for this repairing technology, mainly for cementitious materials. In this respect, the calcium carbonate-based materials are considered to be the most suitable bio products since they are compatible with a wide range of concrete mixes. This paper presents a method of manufacturing a calcium carbonate bio product, using a device designed and manufactured exclusively for this experimental work. In order to design a bio product with an unique set of properties, various preliminary samples, obtained by varying the material quantities, the preparation time and working temperatures, have been tested. The bio product analyzed in this work may increase the impermeability of mortar and concrete elements, by continuous sealing of microcracks that can occur throughout the life cycle of the members. Thus, since this bio product was meant to be a component of the mortar/concrete mixture, the mechanical properties were determined by testing several mortar samples made with different cement-bio product ratios.

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Ogunbode, E. B., Y. Y. Garba, B. Musa, M. Oliver, N. S. Daniya, and C. U. Ekekezie. "Effects of Kenaf Fibre on Fresh Properties of Fibrous Concrete." Environmental Technology and Science Journal 13, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.2.

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As a result of global quest for sustainable materials to achieve a bio based economy and low carbon foot print environment, the use of fibre to produce fibrous concrete composite has continuously received significant research attention. While several researches have been conducted on metallic and synthetic fibrous concretes, they exhibit several unavoidable drawbacks and bio fibrous concrete has proven to be a better alternative. Therefore, the effect of fibre volume fraction and fibre length on fresh properties of concrete was investigated. The bio fibrous concrete mix was made of six different fibre volume fractions (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and corresponding three different fibre lengths of 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm. A concrete mix proportion of grade 30 N/mm2 at 28 days target strength was prepared. A total of 19 different concrete mixes comprising of one PC mix was the control for the experiment, and 18 different mixes of Kenaf bio fibrous concrete composite (KBFCC) at varying fibre volume fraction (vf) and fibre length (lf) were tested. These mixes were tested for workability (slump, compacting factor and Vebe test) and fresh density. The slump and Vebe time for KBFCCs were 5–100 mm and 3–79 seconds respectively. The slump and Vebe time for PC were 120 mm and 3 seconds respectively. A significant drop from 0.951 to 0.809 for fibre length of 25 mm, 0.947 to 0.799 for fibre length of 50 mm and 0.931 to 0.793 for fibre length of 75 mm was observed for the compacting factor value. Though, KBFCC with fibre content below 1% was workable in spite of its low slump, its high Vebe time and low compacting factor. For fibre volume of 1% and above, the workability of concrete decreased and became very stiff with balling effect. It was seen that fresh density of PC concrete (2358 kg/m3) was higher compared to those of KBFCC (2105-2339 kg/m3), however, both values were lower than 2400 kg/m3 threshold specified by the BS code of practice. The study therefore recommended that fibre contents lesser than 1% and 50 mm length can be used in order to have good fresh properties performance.

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Mohamad, Abdelrahman, Fouzia Khadraoui, Daniel Chateigner, and Mohamed Boutouil. "Influence of Porous Structure of Non-Autoclaved Bio-Based Foamed Concrete on Mechanical Strength." Buildings 13, no. 9 (September 6, 2023): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092261.

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This study examines the impact of the porous structure on the density and mechanical behavior of a new foamed concrete incorporating hemp shives. The specific aim is to gain a better understanding of how the inclusion of hemp shiv, as well as different additions and foaming methods, influence the density and mechanical strength of the concrete. A total of eight batches of foam concrete were produced and tested, made with a protein-based surfactant agent, with cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and metakaolin as binders and hemp shiv as natural aggregates. The effect of several parameters is studied, including elaboration method (direct and preformed), amount of pozzolanic additions (0% and 30 of cement weight%), and incorporation of hemp shiv (5 and 15 vol%) on the resulting physical properties, microstructure, porous structure and mechanical behavior of the concrete. Pozzolanic additions improve slightly the uniformity of pore sizes, which increases the mechanical resistance, especially at 28 days. While hemp shiv incorporation results in increased concrete porosity and air bubble radius, it also decreased uniformity, mechanical strength, and lower cohesion with the cement matrix compared to standard concrete. The results contribute to the development of eco-friendly construction materials and promote the utilization of agricultural waste in the construction industry.

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Yong, Zi Cong, Ming Kun Yew, Ming Chian Yew, and Jing Han Beh. "Strength properties of renewable bio-based lightweight foam concrete incorporating of polypropylene fibre." E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234702003.

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This paper investigates the incorporating of renewable lightweight bio-based aggregate (RLWBBA) in lightweight foam concrete (LWFC). The aim of this research is to incorporate different volume fraction (Vf) of polypropylene (PP) fibre into LWFC to determine the optimum compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. Four different mix was designed containing different percentage of PP replacement (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). From the results, the compressive strength of the oil palm shell lightweight foamed concrete with 0.3% of macro polypropylene fibre (OPSLWFC/0.3) had showed the highest compressive strength and splitting tensile strength at 28 days, which are recorded at 4.01 MPa and 0.62 MPa respectively. It also showed the lowest density among all the mix design which is 1152 kg/m3 under demoulded condition. The OPSLWFC/0.3 has increased about 23.38% of 28 days compressive strength and 37.78% of splitting tensile strength compared to the control mix, which contains 0% of fibre proportion. Hence, the findings of this research revealed that the development of environmentally friendly lightweight foamed concrete can be used as an alternative solution for traditional lightweight concrete.

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Benzarti, Karim, Robert Chlela, Wendlamita Zombré, Marc Quiertant, and Laurence Curtil. "Durability of flax/bio-based epoxy composites intended for structural strengthening." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 07014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819907014.

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Environmentally friendly FRP composites, made of natural fibres and bio-based polymer matrices, may be used as externally bonded reinforcement for civil structures or buildings subjected to moderate outdoor conditions, in replacement of traditional carbon/epoxy systems. However, a major drawback of natural fibers is their sensitivity to moisture, which can affect both the mechanical properties of FRP composites and their adhesive bond with concrete. This research, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR Project MICRO), aims at studying the influence of hygrothermal ageing on the performances of “green composites” manufactured by hand lay-up process using unidirectional flax fabrics and a bio-based epoxy matrix. The test program consists in subjecting FRP laminates and FRP strengthened concrete slabs to accelerated ageing conditions under various combinations of temperature and humidity. Aged laminates are then periodically characterized by tensile tests and interlaminar shear tests, while the bond properties of concrete/composite assemblies are assessed by pull-off tests. This paper presents the first results of this ongoing program which is scheduled over a period of 2 years. Results are discussed in the light of complementary investigations (water sorption behaviour, microscopic observations and evaluation of the glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry – DSC) in order to relate observed performance evolutions to actual microstructural changes or damage processes taking place in the material.

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Kodur, Venkatesh, Svetha Venkatachari, Pratik Bhatt, Vasant A. Matsagar, and Shamsher Bahadur Singh. "Fire Resistance Evaluation of Concrete Beams and Slabs Incorporating Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymers." Polymers 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030755.

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This paper presents a numerical study to evaluate the fire resistance of concrete beams and slabs incorporating natural fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). A validated finite element model was applied to carry out a series of numerical studies on fire-exposed reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slabs strengthened with conventional and bio-based FRP composites. The model calculates the temperature-dependent moment–curvature relationship for various segments of the member at each time step, which are then used to calculate the moment capacity and deflection of the member. The variables in the beams and slabs include different strengthening techniques (externally bonded FRP and near-surface mounted FRP), different fiber composites, and fire insulation schemes (uninsulated and insulated). The results from the study indicate that the bio-based FRP-strengthened RC members undergo a faster degradation in moment capacity and also experience higher deflections under fire exposure. This leads to a lower fire resistance in RC members with bio-based FRP composites compared to beams and slabs with conventional FRP-strengthened concrete members. The addition of fire insulation to the bio-based FRP-strengthened members can enhance their fire performance and help achieve the required fire resistance ratings for use in building applications. In this study, the NSM CFRP-strengthened RC beams were found to have a fire resistance of 3 h without any fire insulation; however, the bio-based FRP-strengthened beams required a layer of vermiculite–gypsum-based fire insulation material (of about 25 mm) to achieve similar fire resistance.

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Gupta, Souradeep, Sze Dai Pang, and Harn Wei Kua. "Autonomous healing in concrete by bio-based healing agents – A review." Construction and Building Materials 146 (August 2017): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.111.

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Alshalif, Abdullah Faisal, J. M. Irwan, Husnul Azan Tajarudin, N. Othman, A. A. Al-Gheethi, S. Shamsudin, Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti, and Saddam Abo Sabah. "Optimization of Bio-Foamed Concrete Brick Strength via Bacteria Based Self-Healing and Bio-Sequestration of CO2." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 4575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164575.

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This research aimed to optimize the compressive strength of bio-foamed concrete brick (B-FCB) via a combination of the natural sequestration of CO2 and the bio-reaction of B. tequilensis enzymes. The experiments were guided by two optimization methods, namely, 2k factorial and response surface methodology (RSM). The 2k factorial analysis was carried out to screen the important factors; then, RSM analysis was performed to optimize the compressive strength of B-FCB. Four factors, namely, density (D), B. tequilensis concentration (B), temperature (T), and CO2 concentration, were selectively varied during the study. The optimum compressive strength of B-FCB was 8.22 MPa, as deduced from the following conditions: 10% CO2, 3 × 107 cell/mL of B, 27 °C of T and 1800 kg/m3 of D after 28 days. The use of B. tequilensis in B-FCB improved the compressive strength by 35.5% compared to the foamed concrete brick (FCB) after 28 days. A microstructure analysis by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) reflected the changes in chemical element levels and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation in the B-FCB pores. This was due to the B. tequilensis surface reactions of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease enzyme with calcium in cement and sequestered CO2 during the curing time.

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Sahmenko, Genadijs, Maris Sinka, Eva Namsone, Aleksandrs Korjakins, and Diana Bajare. "Sustainable Wall Solutions Using Foam Concrete and Hemp Composites." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0069.

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Abstract This work is devoted to developing an energy-efficient solution for the external wall and evaluating its environmental impact. Several types of innovative single-layer and sandwich-type wall solutions were analysed and compared. Different constructive and thermal insulation materials were used, including traditional wall materials such as AAC (autoclaved aerated concrete) and normal concrete. Advanced materials, such as high-performance foamed concrete (HPFC) and natural biofibre composites, have been evaluated as an alternative solution. Ultra-light foam concrete was applied as an alternative for polymer-based insulation. The next development was sandwich three-layer wall constructions consisting of foam concrete and natural biofibre composites. A prototype of a wall panel was elaborated with outer layers of high-density bio-composite and a middle layer of high porosity hemp composite. Basic properties of sandwich blocks, such as density and thermal conductivity, were evaluated and compared. The environmental impact of the studied wall systems was analysed using a life-cycle assessment (LCA) to assess carbon dioxide emissions during the production phase of the material. The results show that replacing traditional insulation with bio-based materials has greatly reduced the negative environmental impact of the wall elements. A combination of natural fibre bio-composite and mineral insulating foam makes it possible to obtain an eco-friendly and sustainable sandwich-type wall system.

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Bras, Ana, John Milan van der Bergh, Hazha Mohammed, and Ismini Nakouti. "Design Service Life of RC Structures with Self-Healing Behaviour to Increase Infrastructure Carbon Savings." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123154.

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Corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structures costs the UK GBP 23b annually and is one of the main durability problems contributing to the development of rust, spalling, cracking, delamination, and structural deterioration. This paper intends to demonstrate the benefit of using tailored self-healing bacteria-based concrete for RC corrosion minimisation and service life increase. The purpose was to evaluate the enhancement in the lifespan of the structure exposed to a harsh marine microenvironment by utilising a probabilistic performance-based method. Comparison is made with the performance of a commercially available solution and in terms of embodied carbon impact. Three different concretes, using CEM I 52.5N, CEM II/A-D, and CEM III/A, were tested with and without an iron-respiring bioproduct (BIO) and an added admixture corrosion inhibitor (AACI). Results show that bioproduct significantly contributes to service life increase of RC structures with CEMIII/A. The repair solution with self-healing behaviour not only increases RC service life, but also enables us to decrease the required cover thickness from 60 mm to 50 mm in an XS2 chloride environment. In both XS2 and XS3 environments, a comparison of CEMIII/A+BIO and CEMII/A-D+AACI concrete shows the benefit of using bioproduct in corrosion inhibition context, besides contributing to an embodied carbon reduction of more than 20%.

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Sarcinella, Antonella, and Mariaenrica Frigione. "Sustainable and Bio-Based Coatings as Actual or Potential Treatments to Protect and Preserve Concrete." Coatings 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010044.

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The durability of reinforced concrete strongly depends on the environment in which it is located; in any case, the concrete and the reinforcing bars it contains are constantly subject to slow deterioration processes. The protection of concrete structures is, therefore, essential to increase their service life, reducing the costs for their repair and maintenance. The commercial widely used coatings are mainly based on petroleum derivatives (i.e., resins, solvents): increased sensitivity and attention to human health and the protection of the environment pressed research to find alternatives to synthetic products, identifying safer materials with a low environmental impact to employ as protective coatings. In this review, new sustainable products already used or potentially suitable to act as protective treatments for concrete were analyzed and presented. These are natural (bio-based) or waste materials, in which the use of synthetic resins and hazardous solvents, for humans and the environment, are minimized, exploiting waste materials or by-products of other processes, if possible. The main properties and characteristics of these new products are illustrated, highlighting the potential advantages over commercial products also in terms of performance.

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Sekler, Ivana, Suncica Vjestica, Vladimir Jankovic, Slobodan Stefanovic, and Vladica Ristic. "Miscanthus x giganteus as a building material - lightweight concrete." Chemical Industry 75, no. 3 (2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind201116013s.

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A perennial plant Miscanthus x giganteus has found its habitat and multiple applications in Europe, despite the fact that it originates from Asia. This study presents the potential use of this plant in new lightweight concrete materials so-called bio-concretes. The above-ground part of the plant was harvested, dried, crushed, and mixed with binders in different proportions. After casting and drying, the samples were characterized physical and mechanical properties. The results have shown that the sample with a higher content of binders while smaller miscanthus granulation and casted in molds under higher pressure exhibited the highest values of the compressive strength and density. In specific, the density was in the order of magnitude of that reported for other types of lightweight concrete with organic fillers, such as sawdust-based concrete ("Durisol"), which further justifies the use of miscanthus for these purposes.

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Huseien, Ghasan Fahim, Moncef L. Nehdi, Iman Faridmehr, Sib Krishna Ghoshal, Hussein K. Hamzah, Omrane Benjeddou, and Fahed Alrshoudi. "Smart Bio-Agents-Activated Sustainable Self-Healing Cementitious Materials: An All-Inclusive Overview on Progress, Benefits and Challenges." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14041980.

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Cementitious materials deteriorate progressively with the formation of cracks that occur due to diverse physical, chemical, thermal, and biological processes. Numerous strategies have been adopted to obtain cement-based self-healing materials and determine the novel self-healing mechanisms. The uses of microbes have been established to improve the thickness of the healed crack and mechanical properties of the concrete, a phenomenon seldom addressed in the literature. Based on these factors, this article comprehensively appraises the smart bio-agents-based autonomous healing performance of concrete to demonstrate the recent progress, expected benefits, and ongoing challenges. The fundamentals, design strategies, and efficacy of the smart bio-agents-activated self-healing cementitious materials are the recurring themes of this overview. Furthermore, the effects of various processing parameters on the performance of cementitious self-healing smart bio-agents are discussed in-depth. The achievements, knowledge gaps, and needs for future research in this ever-evolving area for the sustainability and resilience of the built environment are highlighted.

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Chou, Jui-Sheng, Stela Tjandrakusuma, and Chi-Yun Liu. "Jellyfish Search-Optimized Deep Learning for Compressive Strength Prediction in Images of Ready-Mixed Concrete." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 1, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9541115.

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Most building structures that are built today are built from concrete, owing to its various favorable properties. Compressive strength is one of the mechanical properties of concrete that is directly related to the safety of the structures. Therefore, predicting the compressive strength can facilitate the early planning of material quality management. A series of deep learning (DL) models that suit computer vision tasks, namely the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are used to predict the compressive strength of ready-mixed concrete. To demonstrate the efficacy of computer vision-based prediction, its effectiveness using imaging numerical data was compared with that of the deep neural networks (DNNs) technique that uses conventional numerical data. Various DL prediction models were compared and the best ones were identified with the relevant concrete datasets. The best DL models were then optimized by fine-tuning their hyperparameters using a newly developed bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, called jellyfish search optimizer, to enhance the accuracy and reliability. Analytical experiments indicate that the computer vision-based CNNs outperform the numerical data-based DNNs in all evaluation metrics except the training time. Thus, the bio-inspired optimization of computer vision-based convolutional neural networks is potentially a promising approach to predict the compressive strength of ready-mixed concrete.

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Wu, Fan, Qingliang Yu, and Changwu Liu. "Creep characteristics and constitutive model of bio-based concrete in aqueous environment." Construction and Building Materials 320 (February 2022): 126213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126213.

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Suresh Kumar, A., M. Muthukannan, and I. Sri Krishna. "Optimisation of bio medical waste ash in GGBS based of geopolymer concrete." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 872 (June 27, 2020): 012163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/872/1/012163.

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Chen, Yuxuan, Q. L. Yu, and H. J. H. Brouwers. "Acoustic performance and microstructural analysis of bio-based lightweight concrete containing miscanthus." Construction and Building Materials 157 (December 2017): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.161.

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Mohammed, Hazha, Montserrat Ortoneda-Pedrola, Ismini Nakouti, and Ana Bras. "Experimental characterisation of non-encapsulated bio-based concrete with self-healing capacity." Construction and Building Materials 256 (September 2020): 119411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119411.

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Parfenova, L. M., I. D. Matskevich, and М. P. Tolmach. "LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE BASED ON BIO-AGGREGATES AND GYPSUM BINDER FOR CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS." Vestnik of Brest State Technical University. Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 3 (132) (2023): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36773/1818-1112-2023-132-3-22-26.

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Schreiberova, Hana, Josef Fládr, Karel Šeps, and Alena Kohoutkova. "Design of Nutrient Enriched Cement Paste with a Superabsorbent Polymer for the Bio-Based Self-Healing Concrete Development." Materials Science Forum 995 (June 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.995.161.

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The application of self-healing concrete for durability enhancement has become a widely studied topic in recent decades. This paper focuses on addition of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) to bio-based self-healing concrete – a material in which cracks are autonomously sealed by incorporated microorganisms. As previously proposed, the SAP could serve as protection of the microorganisms against the harsh concrete environment and possibly to further enhance the materials autogenous sealing capacity. However, determining the applicable bio-based concrete mix design is not without obstacles as the immense absorption capacity of the SAP is, inter alia, closely related to ions present in the solution. This current study compares different mix designs of cement paste with the nutrients applied in the bio-based concrete and the addition of the SAP in dry and partially saturated states. The paste consistencies are determined, and a number of cement paste specimens is prepared to measure flexural and compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days from casting. The flowability results indicate that the SAP in a dry state absorbs slightly less than 25 g/g SAP of extra mixing water as the final consistency was similar to the reference paste. Further, the results showed that the partially saturated SAP is able to retain a great amount of the liquid throughout the mixing process. In this study, the strengths generally drop by still admissible 20% in the case of the dry SAP and extra water addition, whereas the replacement of mixing water by the partially saturated SAP results in a significant strength increase. These findings indicate that the dosage 0.5% SAP by cement weight in both of the states, dry and saturated, is applicable in the nutrient enriched cement paste from the mechanical perspective, although further work which would describe the absorption and retention mechanisms in depth is needed.

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Amziane, Sofiane, and Mohammed Sonebi. "Overview on Biobased Building Material made with plant aggregate." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (June 2, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.9.

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Global warming, energy savings, and life cycle analysis issues are factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of plant-based materials for buildings, which can be qualified as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient multifunctional materials. This review presents an overview on the several possibilities developed worldwide about the use of plant aggregate to design bio-based building materials. The use of crushed vegetal aggregates such as hemp (shiv), flax, coconut shells and other plants associated to mineral binder represents the most popular solution adopted in the beginning of this revolution in building materials. Vegetal aggregates are generally highly porous with a low apparent density and a complex architecture marked by a multi-scale porosity. These geometrical characteristics result in a high capacity to absorb sounds and have hygro-thermal transfer ability. This is one of the essential characteristics which differ of vegetal concrete compared to the tradition mineral-based concretes. In addition, the high flexibility of the aggregates leads to a non-fragile elasto-plastic behavior and a high deformability under stress, lack of fracturing and marked ductility with absorbance of the strains ever after having reached the maximum mechanical strength. Due to the sensitivity to moisture, the assessment of the durability of vegetal concrete constitutes one of the next scientific challenging of bio-based building materials.

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Amziane, Sofiane, and Mohammed Sonebi. "Overview on Biobased Building Material made with plant aggregate." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (June 2, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.v1.9.

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Global warming, energy savings, and life cycle analysis issues are factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of plant-based materials for buildings, which can be qualified as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient multifunctional materials. This review presents an overview on the several possibilities developed worldwide about the use of plant aggregate to design bio-based building materials. The use of crushed vegetal aggregates such as hemp (shiv), flax, coconut shells and other plants associated to mineral binder represents the most popular solution adopted in the beginning of this revolution in building materials. Vegetal aggregates are generally highly porous with a low apparent density and a complex architecture marked by a multi-scale porosity. These geometrical characteristics result in a high capacity to absorb sounds and have hygro-thermal transfer ability. This is one of the essential characteristics which differ of vegetal concrete compared to the tradition mineral-based concretes. In addition, the high flexibility of the aggregates leads to a non-fragile elasto-plastic behavior and a high deformability under stress, lack of fracturing and marked ductility with absorbance of the strains ever after having reached the maximum mechanical strength. Due to the sensitivity to moisture, the assessment of the durability of vegetal concrete constitutes one of the next scientific challenging of bio-based building materials.

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Huang, Gang, Ariane Abou-Chakra, Sandrine Geoffroy, and Joseph Absi. "A Multi-Scale Numerical Simulation on Thermal Conductivity of Bio-Based Construction Materials." Construction Materials 2, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater2030011.

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Amid increasing concern about carbon emissions and ENERGY consumption in the building industry, bio-based construction materials are one of the solutions, especially considering their excellent thermal insulation. This study aims to develop a multi-scale numerical model to analyze the effect of microstructure on the thermal conductivity of a bio-based construction material. To achieve this, the size, shape, orientation, porosity, and water saturation of the bio-aggregate were considered in this study. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the bio-based material increases significantly and nonlinearly with water saturation, in contrast to the parallel thermal conductivity of the transversely isotropic bio-aggregate, which increases linearly. The thermal conductivity of the bio-based material shows an anisotropy in different directions and it obtains a maximum at water saturation of 0.4. Analysis of inclusions with different shapes shows that the thermal conductivity in the compaction direction is almost independent of the shape, but not in the direction perpendicular to the compaction. The finite element results show that the heat flow tends to transfer along the bio-aggregate rather than across it. These findings help to better understand the effect of microstructure on thermal conductivity and then promote the application of bio-based concrete as an insulation material in buildings.

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Araujo, A., N. da Silva, T. Sá, L. Caldas, and R. Toledo Filho. "Potential of Earth-Based Bamboo Bio-Concrete in the Search for Circular and Net-Zero Carbon Solutions to Construction Industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1122, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1122/1/012043.

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Abstract In order to limit climate change by achieving goals of cutting emissions down to net-zero by 2050, stronger efforts are needed to reduce the whole life cycle emissions of buildings. Integrating residual bio-based and earth-based solutions to concrete seems to stand out in the sector since these solutions have the potential of lowering materials embodied emissions, and enhancing building thermal performance. However, it is still unclear how environmentally beneficial bio-based and earth-based materials are and how they behave mechanically when they are both integrated into concrete. In order to know their potential applications in the sector, this study aims to evaluate and compare the mechanical performance and environmental profile of Earth-based Bamboo Bio-Concretes (EBBCs) with different earth fractions as partial replacements of the cementitious matrix, by evaluating its Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. For that, it was considered the use of only bio-based aggregates (bamboo waste) instead of mineral ones at a fixed volume fraction of 45%. The methodology involved the: processing and characterization of earth and bamboo; EBBCs dosage study and mechanical testing; consideration of fixed proportions of binders of 30:30:40 (cement: metakaolin: fly ash) which were replaced gradually by earth in the volume fractions of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used for accounting GHG emissions. LCA scope was from cradle-to-gate considering biogenic carbon methodology and avoided impacts of incinerating bamboo waste. A sensitive analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of transport distances variation of bamboo waste. Mechanical results point to an increase in EBBCs compressive strength with the increase of earth content until 15% of cementitious matrix replacement. LCA results showed negative embodied GHG emissions in all mixtures with an average of -115,7 kgCO2-eq/m3 mainly due to the high biomass content in mixtures. The increase of earth content from 0% to 20% in the mixtures reduced emissions by 59,7 kgCO2-eq/m3 since the binder’s content was reduced. With that, EBBC seems to be a promising innovative material to help achieve net-zero carbon emission targets and a circular pathway in the building and construction sectors.

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Bumanis, Girts, Laura Vitola, Ina Pundiene, Maris Sinka, and Diana Bajare. "Gypsum, Geopolymers, and Starch—Alternative Binders for Bio-Based Building Materials: A Review and Life-Cycle Assessment." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 5666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145666.

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To decrease the environmental impact of the construction industry, energy-efficient insulation materials with low embodied production energy are needed. Lime-hemp concrete is traditionally recognized as such a material; however, the drawbacks of this type of material are associated with low strength gain, high initial moisture content, and limited application. Therefore, this review article discusses alternatives to lime-hemp concrete that would achieve similar thermal properties with an equivalent or lower environmental impact. Binders such as gypsum, geopolymers, and starch are proposed as alternatives, due to their performance and low environmental impact, and available research is summarized and discussed in this paper. The summarized results show that low-density thermal insulation bio-composites with a density of 200–400 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.06–0.09 W/(m × K) can be obtained with gypsum and geopolymer binders. However, by using a starch binder it is possible to produce ecological building materials with a density of approximately 100 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity (λ) as low as 0.04 W/(m × K). In addition, a preliminary life cycle assessment was carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of reviewed bio-composites. The results indicate that such bio-composites have a low environmental impact, similar to lime-hemp concrete.

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de Aguiar, Amanda L. D., Nathalia A. da Silva, Bruno M. C. Gomes, M’hamed Y. R. da Gloria, Nicole P. Hasparyk, and Romildo D. Toledo Filho. "Assessment of Wood Bio-Concrete Properties Modified with Silane–Siloxane." Materials 16, no. 18 (September 7, 2023): 6105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186105.

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Bio-based materials, such as wood bio-concrete (WBC), hold promise in reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint of the construction industry. However, the durability of these materials is not well understood and can be negatively affected by the high water absorption capacity of wood bio-aggregates. In the field of cement composites, for example, silane–siloxane-based water repellent has been used to protect such materials from natural environmental attack. Nevertheless, there is still a limited understanding of various aspects related to this type of treatment, including its performance when applied to the bio-concrete substrate. This research aimed to investigate the influence of silane–siloxane on the rheology and hydration of cementitious paste through isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the impact of silane–siloxane on the physical and mechanical properties of WBCs was examined by conducting tests at fresh state (flow table and entrained air content) and hardened state (compressive strength and capillary water absorption). The composites were produced with a volumetric fraction of 45% of wood shavings while the cement matrix consisted of a combination of cement, rice husk ash, and fly ash. Silane–siloxane was applied in three ways: as coating, incorporated as an admixture, and in a combination of both methods. The results indicated that by incorporating silane in the cementitious pastethe viscosity increased by 40% and the hydration was delayed by approximately 6 h when compared to the reference. In addition, silane improved the compressive strength of WBCs by 24% when incorporated into the mixture, expressively reduced the water sorptivity of WBCs (93%), and was more effective if used as coating.

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Luhar, Salmabanu, Thadshajini Suntharalingam, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Ismail Luhar, Julian Thamboo, Keerthan Poologanathan, and Perampalam Gatheeshgar. "Sustainable and Renewable Bio-Based Natural Fibres and Its Application for 3D Printed Concrete: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 10485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410485.

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Abstract:

The concept of sustainability and the utilization of renewable bio-based sources have gained prominent attention in the construction industry. Material selection in construction plays a significant role in design and manufacturing process of sustainable building construction. Several studies are being carried out worldwide to investigate the potential use of natural fibres as reinforcement in concrete with its noticeable environmental benefits and mechanical properties. 3D printed concrete (3DPC) is another emerging technology, which has been under-developed for the past decade. The integration of reinforcement is one of the major challenges in the application of this new technology in real-life scenario. Presently, artificial fibres have been used as a reinforcement material for this special printable concrete mixture. However, natural fibre composites have received significant attention by many 3DPC constructions due to their lightweight energy conservation and environmentally friendly nature. These benchmarking characteristics unlock the wider area of natural fibres into the composite sector and challenge the substitution of artificial fibres. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive review on the current practice and advantages of natural fibres in conventional concrete construction. Subsequently, with a view to the future efficient 3DPC construction, the potentials of natural fibres such as eco-friendly, higher impact, thermal, structural, and fire performance over the artificial fibres were highlighted, and their applicability in 3DPC as composites was recommended.

Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-Based concrete'

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