Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bio-based blend

Academic literature on the topic 'Bio-based blend'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bio-based blend"

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El-Maghraby, Rehab M. "A Study on Bio-Diesel and Jet Fuel Blending for the Production of Renewable Aviation Fuel." Materials Science Forum 1008 (August 2020): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1008.231.

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Aviation industry is considered one of the contributors to atmospheric CO2emissions. It is forced to cut off carbon dioxide emission starting 2020. Current trends in bio-jet production involve mega projects with million dollars of investments. In this study, bio-jet fuel production by blending bio-diesel with traditional jet fuel at different concentrations of bio-diesel (5, 10, 15, 20 vol. %) was investigated. This blending technique will reduce bio-jet production cost compared to other bio-jet techniques. Bio-diesel was originally produced by the transesterification of non-edible vegetable oil (renewable sources), so, its blend with jet fuel will has a reduced carbon foot print. The blend was tested to ensure that the end product will meet the ASTM D1655 international specifications for Jet A-1 and Jet A and can be used in aircrafts.Available data on biodiesel blending with jet fuel in the literature is not consistent, there are many contradictory results. Hence, more investigations are required using locally available feedstocks. The main physicochemical properties for Jet A-1 and Jet A according to ASTM D1655 were tested to check if the blend will be compatible with existing turbojet engine systems. Different tests were conducted; vacuum distillation, smoke point, kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, total acidity and freezing point. In addition, heating value of the blend was calculated. The result was then compared with calculated value using blending indices available in the literature. Blending indices were able to predict the laboratory measured specifications for the studied blends.It was found that only 5% bio-diesel- 95% jet fuel blend (B5) meets ASTM standard for Jet A. Hence, biodiesel can be safely used as a blend with fossil-based jet for a concentration of up to 5% without any change in the ASTM specifications. Freezing point is the most important constrain for this blending technique. Higher blends of biodiesel will cause the bio-jet blend to fail ASTM specifications. In general, blending technique will reduce the cost impact that may have been incurred due to change in infrastructure when using other production techniques.
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Kotturu, Chandra Mouli VV, V. Srinivas, V. Vandana, Kodanda Rama Rao Chebattina, and Y. Seetha Rama Rao. "Investigation of tribological properties and engine performance of polyol ester–based bio-lubricant: Commercial motorbike engine oil blends." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 5 (September 27, 2019): 1304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019878359.

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This article explores the influence of blending polyol ester–based bio-lubricant with commercial lubricant on engine performance. Polyol esters trimethylolpropane ester and pentaerythritol ester were prepared from Calophyllum inophyllum seeds. Extreme care was taken to minimize deterioration of physicochemical properties when blending bio-lubricant with commercial oil. Blending of bio-lubricant with commercial oil was carried out in 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% volume. The test oils were first investigated for wear and friction properties on a four-ball wear tester. Optimum blending ratio was calculated from results of tribological properties, and the blend with optimum blend ratio was investigated for engine performance. The engine performance of the optimum blends was evaluated by conducting a 60-h endurance test on a motorbike. Significant improvement in tribological properties was observed up to a blending percentage of 15% when blending pentaerythritol ester with commercial oil. In the case of trimethylolpropane ester–based bio-lubricant, 10% blending with commercial oil gave optimum performance. The novel evaluation of engine performance of commercial oil and blends has shown a reduction in the wear of engine components with an encouraging decrease in fuel consumption. Metallographic studies conducted on worn piston rings reveal synergy between additives in the commercial oil and esters in the bio-lubricant in reducing wear and friction, thereby reducing fuel consumption.
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Ismail, Ahmad Safwan, Mohammad Jawaid, Norul Hisham Hamid, Ridwan Yahaya, and Azman Hassan. "Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Bio-Phenolic/Epoxy Polymer Blends." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040773.

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Polymer blends is a well-established and suitable method to produced new polymeric materials as compared to synthesis of a new polymer. The combination of two different types of polymers will produce a new and unique material, which has the attribute of both polymers. The aim of this work is to analyze mechanical and morphological properties of bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends to find the best formulation for future study. Bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends were fabricated using the hand lay-up method at different loading of bio-phenolic (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt%) in the epoxy matrix whereas neat bio-phenolic and epoxy samples were also fabricated for comparison. Results indicated that mechanical properties were improved for bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends compared to neat epoxy and phenolic. In addition, there is no sign of phase separation in polymer blends. The highest tensile, flexural, and impact strength was shown by P-20(biophenolic-20 wt% and Epoxy-80 wt%) whereas P-25 (biophenolic-25 wt% and Epoxy-75 wt%) has the highest tensile and flexural modulus. Based on the finding, it is concluded that P-20 shows better overall mechanical properties among the polymer blends. Based on this finding, the bio-phenolic/epoxy blend with 20 wt% will be used for further study on flax-reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends.
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Titone, Vincenzo, Maria Chiara Mistretta, Luigi Botta, and Francesco Paolo La Mantia. "Toward the Decarbonization of Plastic: Monopolymer Blend of Virgin and Recycled Bio-Based, Biodegradable Polymer." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 5362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245362.

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Decarbonization of plastics is based on two main pillars: bio-based polymers and recycling. Mechanical recycling of biodegradable polymers could improve the social, economic and environmental impact of the use of these materials. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate whether concentrations of the same recycled biopolymer could significantly affect the rheological and mechanical properties of biodegradable monopolymer blends. Monopolymer blends are blends made of the same polymers, virgin and recycled. A sample of commercially available biodegradable blend was reprocessed in a single-screw extruder until two extrusion cycles were completed. These samples were exposed to grinding and melt reprocessed with 75% and 90% of the same virgin polymer. The blends were characterized by tensile tests and rheological tests. The results obtained showed that while multiple extrusions affected the mechanical and rheological properties of the polymer, the concentration of the reprocessed material present in the blends only very slightly affected the properties of the virgin material. In addition, the experimentally observed trends were accurately predicted by the additive model adopted.
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Montava-Jorda, Sergi, Diego Lascano, Luis Quiles-Carrillo, Nestor Montanes, Teodomiro Boronat, Antonio Vicente Martinez-Sanz, Santiago Ferrandiz-Bou, and Sergio Torres-Giner. "Mechanical Recycling of Partially Bio-Based and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Blends by Reactive Extrusion with Poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010174.

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In the present study, partially bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) was melt-mixed at 15–45 wt% with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) obtained from remnants of the injection blowing process of contaminant-free food-use bottles. The resultant compounded materials were thereafter shaped into pieces by injection molding for characterization. Poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-co-GMA) was added at 1–5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of polyester blend during the extrusion process to counteract the ductility and toughness reduction that occurred in the bio-PET pieces after the incorporation of r-PET. This random copolymer effectively acted as a chain extender in the polyester blend, resulting in injection-molded pieces with slightly higher mechanical resistance properties and nearly the same ductility and toughness than those of neat bio-PET. In particular, for the polyester blend containing 45 wt% of r-PET, elongation at break (εb) increased from 10.8% to 378.8% after the addition of 5 phr of PS-co-GMA, while impact strength also improved from 1.84 kJ·m−2 to 2.52 kJ·m−2. The mechanical enhancement attained was related to the formation of branched and larger macromolecules by a mechanism of chain extension based on the reaction of the multiple glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) groups present in PS-co-GMA with the hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) terminal groups of both bio-PET and r-PET. Furthermore, all the polyester blend pieces showed thermal and dimensional stabilities similar to those of neat bio-PET, remaining stable up to more than 400 °C. Therefore, the use low contents of the tested multi-functional copolymer can successfully restore the properties of bio-based but non-biodegradable polyesters during melt reprocessing with their recycled petrochemical counterparts and an effective mechanical recycling is achieved.
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Gökmen, Fatma Özge. "PVP/PVA blended hydrogels as a biofilm for use in food packaging applications." Food and Health 8, no. 3 (2022): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh22017.

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Bio-films have been produced that attract attention with their functional behavior among conventional food packaging materials of bio-based polymer blends. The physical and morphological properties of copolymeric biofilms have been extensively investigated. Biodegradable polymer and copolymer films were produced by in situ polymerization technique and prepared as solution casting. The strong water absorbency of polyvinyl alcohol and the antimicrobial property of polyvinylpyrrolidone are combined in a single material. Structural and morphological properties of the films were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. These results show that the films obtained can be used as an environmentally friendly bio-based polymer blend packaging material to extend the shelf life of food products.
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Armentano, Ilaria, Elena Fortunati, Nuria Burgos, Franco Dominici, Francesca Luzi, Stefano Fiori, Alfonso Jiménez, et al. "Bio-based PLA_PHB plasticized blend films: Processing and structural characterization." LWT - Food Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (December 2015): 980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.032.

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Ignaczak, Sobolewski, and El Fray. "Bio-Based PBT–DLA Copolyester as an Alternative Compatibilizer of PP/PBT Blends." Polymers 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091421.

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The aim of this work was to assess whether synthesized random copolyester, poly(butylene terephthalate-r-butylene dilinoleate) (PBT–DLA), containing bio-based components, can effectively compatibilize polypropylene/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PP/PBT) blends. For comparison, a commercial petrochemical triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene/butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) was used. The chemical structure and block distribution of PBT–DLA was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. PP/PBT blends with different mass ratios were prepared via twin-screw extrusion with 5 wt% of each compatibilizer. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to assess changes in phase structure of PP/PBT blends. Static tensile testing demonstrated marked improvement in elongation at break, to ~18% and ~21% for PBT–DLA and SEBS, respectively. Importantly, the morphology of PP/PBT blends compatibilized with PBT–DLA copolymer showed that it is able to act as interphase modifier, being preferentially located at the interface. Therefore, we conclude that by using polycondensation and monomers from renewable resources, it is possible to obtain copolymers that efficiently modify blend miscibility, offering an alternative to widely used, rubber-like petrochemical styrene compatibilizers.
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Fangsuwannarak, Karoon, and Kittichai Triratanasirichai. "Influence of TiO2 and Bio-Solution Based Additives on Exhaust Emissions of a DI Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1054.

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This study presents the use of bio-solution and nano-Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based additives for dosing in diesel and palm biodiesel (B5). The aim of this work is to enhance the performance of a direct injection (DI) engine and to simultaneously reduce the exhaust gas emissions. The basic properties such as kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, flash point, fire point, and carbon residue of the test fuels were measured and accepted in ASTM standards. Overall, diesel-bio-solution and diesel-TiO2 blends show the lower break specific fuel consumption by 13% and 10%, respectively and the lower exhaust gas emissions, as compared with diesel. B5-bio-solution blend provides the break specific fuel consumption decreased by 1.68%, while exhaust emissions were effectively increased in comparison with B5 fuel.
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Morcillo, Maria del Carmen, Ramón Tejada, Diego Lascano, Daniel Garcia-Garcia, and David Garcia-Sanoguera. "Manufacturing and Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Wood Plastic Composites Using Pinecone as a Filler into a Bio-Based High-Density Polyethylene Matrix." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 4462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244462.

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The use of wood plastic composites (WPC) is growing very rapidly in recent years, in addition, the use of plastics of renewable origin is increasingly implemented because it allows to reduce the carbon footprint. In this context, this work reports on the development of composites of bio-based high density polyethylene (BioHDPE) with different contents of pinecone (5, 10, and 30 wt.%). The blends were produced by extrusion and injection-molded processes. With the objective of improving the properties of the materials, a compatibilizer has been used, namely polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA 2 phr). The effect of the compatibilizer in the blend with 5 wt.% has been compared with the same blend without compatibilization. Mechanical, thermal, morphological, colorimetric, and wettability properties have been analyzed for each blend. The results showed that the compatibilizer improved the filler–matrix interaction, increasing the ductile mechanical properties in terms of elongation and tensile strength. Regarding thermal properties, the compatibilizer increased thermal stability and improved the behavior of the materials against moisture. In general, the pinecone materials obtained exhibited reddish-brown colors, allowing their use as wood plastic composites with a wide range of properties depending on the filler content in the blend.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bio-based blend"

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Fu, Yang. "Morphologie des mélanges ternaires PLA/PBAT/PA." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM068/document.

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Ce travail vise à obtenir une morphologie cœur-peau directement lors du mélangeage à l’état fondu de polymères ternaires PLA/PBAT/PA. Le but final est d'améliorer la ténacité de l'acide polylactique (PLA). La morphologie des mélanges de polymères multi-phases est contrôlée par la thermodynamique du système. La morphologie des mélanges ternaires peut être prédite à partir des valeurs relatives des trois coefficients d'étalement caractérisant le triplet de polymères. Les coefficients d'étalement sont calculés à partir des valeurs des tensions interfaciales entre les composants binaires. La détermination des tensions interfaciales entre PLA, poly (butylène adipate-co-téréphtalate) (PBAT) et un copolyamide (PA) prédit une morphologie dispersée complexe dans la matrice PLA où les sous-inclusions PA sont partiellement encapsulées dans la phase PBAT. Cette morphologie a été obtenue par mélange à l'état fondu des trois composants, comme observé par les observations en microscopie électronique à balayage. Dans une seconde étape, une compatibilisation sélective a été utilisée pour modifier l'emplacement des sous-inclusions de PA. A cette fin, deux copolymères diblocs PBAT-b-PLA, PA-b-PBAT ont été synthétisés. La présence des copolymères diblocs nous permet de modifier la tension interfaciale des couples PLA/PBAT, PA/PBAT. Cette modification de l'équilibre de tension interfaciale modifie avec succès la morphologie, passant d’une semi-encapsulation à une encapsulation complète des sous-inclusions de PA dans les gouttes de PBAT. La performance mécanique de ce mélange ternaire a été évaluée
This work aims at achieving direct core-shell morphologies in ternary PLA/PBAT/PA polymer blends by melt mixing. The final goal is to improve the toughness of polylactic acid (PLA). The morphology of multi-phase polymer blends is controlled by the thermodynamics of the system. The morphology of ternary blends can be predicted from the relative values of the three spreading coefficients characterizing the triplet of polymers. Spreading coefficients are calculated from the values of interfacial tensions between binary components. The determination of interfacial tensions between a PLA, a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and a copolyamide (PA) predicts a complex dispersed morphology in the PLA matrix where PA subinclusions are partly encapsulated in the PBAT phase. This morphology was obtained by melt mixing the three components, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In a second step, selective compatibilization was used to modify the PA sub-inclusion location. To this end, PBAT-b-PLA and PA-b-PBAT di-block copolymers were synthesized. The presence of the di-block copolymers enabled to modify the interfacial tension in PLA/PBAT and PA/PBAT. The modification of the interfacial tension balance was shown to successfully change the morphology from semi-encapsulation to full encapsulation of PA sub-inclusions in the PBAT drops. The mechanical performance of this ternary blend was evaluated
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Zhang, Mingming. "Properties of bio-oil based fuel mixtures: biochar/bio-oil slurry fuels and glycerol/bio-oil fuel blends." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1825.

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This thesis reports the properties of bio-oil-based fuel mixtures. For bioslurry fuels, the interaction between biochar and bio-oil results in changes in fuel properties and the redistribution of inorganic species. For glycerol/methanol/bio-oil (GMB) fuel blends, the solubility and fuel properties are improved upon methanol addition but other impurities in crude glycerol worsen the solubility with limited impact on properties. It is also possible to integrate the GMB blends production into the biodiesel production process.
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Ricci, Andrea. "Thermoplastic lignin esters as polymeric plasticizers for bioplastics." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24906/.

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In this thesis, a sustainable and scalable process for modifying the structure of technical lignin to make it suitable for mixing with common bioplastics is studied. More specifically, this project deals with the development of a method of grafting fatty acids onto lignin. First, an updated state of the art concerning the processes for lignin production and its esterification is introduced and thoroughly discussed. Next, the materials and methods used to perform one-pot synthesis on lignin are described. The grafting process is initially optimized using a model reaction; afterwards, these conditions are adapted to technical lignin. The resulting process is also scaled up, overcoming unexpected issues due to mass and energy transfer. The modified lignins have been characterized through various thermal and analytical analyses (such as DSC, TGA and NMR), to provide a detailed description of their properties and structures. Finally, modified lignin was used to produce blends with commercial PLA as a proof of concept. As a matter of fact, this thesis is leading the basis for the fabrication of new-concepts materials based on plasticized lignin, aiming to conjugate sustainable industrially scalable processes and material performances.
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Sivanjineyulu, Veluri, and Veluri Sivanjineyulu. "Carbon Nanotube- and Organoclay-filled Bio-polymer Blend-based Nanocomposites with Enhanced Physical Properties." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107CGU05063018%22.&searchmode=basic.

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Wang, Chun-Chieh, and 王俊傑. "Shape Memory Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Natural Rubber (NR) Bio-Based Foam Blends Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fpmecd.

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Khan, Umer. "Efficiency and Emissions Study of a Residential Micro-cogeneration System based on a Modified Stirling Engine and Fuelled by a Wood Derived Fas Pyrolysis Liquid-ethanol Blend." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33268.

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A residential micro-cogeneration system based on a Stirling engine unit was modified to operate with wood derived fast pyrolysis liquid (bio-oil)-ethanol blend. A pilot stabilized swirl combustion chamber was designed to replace the original evaporative burner due to bio-oil’s nondistillable nature. This also required modifications of the engine’s control systems. Efficiencies for the bio-oil/ethanol blend were found be higher than those of diesel due to the higher heat loss incurred with diesel. Based on a modified efficiency, which disregarded the heat loss through the combustion chamber, power efficiencies were found to be comparable. The maximum time of operation with the bio-oil/ethanol blend was approximately 97 minutes due to the clogging of the narrow passages. Carbon monoxide emissions were higher for the bio-oil/ethanol blend due to the operation conditions of the combustion chamber. Oxides of nitrogen emissions were also higher for the bio-oil/ethanol blend due to its inherent nitrogen content.
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Books on the topic "Bio-based blend"

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Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar, Sanjay Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, and Seno Jose, eds. Bio‐Based Epoxy Polymers, Blends and Composites. Wiley, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527823604.

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Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, and Seno Jose. Bio-Based Epoxy Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, Characterization, and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, and Seno Jose. Bio-Based Epoxy Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, Characterization, and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2021.

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Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, and Seno Jose. Bio-Based Epoxy Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, Characterization, and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2021.

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Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar, Suchart Siengchin, Seno Jose, and Sanjay M. Rangappa. Bio-Based Epoxy Polymers, Blends and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, Characterization and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bio-based blend"

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Râpă, Maria, Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Nita, Ecaterina Matei, and Andra Mihaela Predescu. "Bio-Based Plasticizers for Polyvinylchloride (PVC)." In Polyvinylchloride-based Blends, 137–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78455-3_7.

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Darie-Nita, Raluca Nicoleta, Maria Râpă, and P. M. Visakh. "Bio-Based Polyvinylchloride (PVC)-Related Blends." In Polyvinylchloride-based Blends, 211–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78455-3_10.

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Fenni, Seif Eddine, Dario Cavallo, and Alejandro J. Müller. "Nucleation and Crystallization in Bio-Based Immiscible Polyester Blends." In Thermal Properties of Bio-based Polymers, 219–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2019_48.

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Raji, Marya, Elmokhtar Essassi, Hamid Essabir, Denis Rodrigue, Abou el kacem Qaiss, and Rachid Bouhfid. "Properties of Nano-composites Based on Different Clays and Polyamide 6/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends." In Bio-based Polymers and Nanocomposites, 107–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05825-8_6.

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Quitadamo, Alessia, Valerie Massardier, and Marco Valente. "Oil-Based and Bio-Derived Thermoplastic Polymer Blends and Composites." In Introduction to Renewable Biomaterials, 239–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118698600.ch8.

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Trigo, Eduardo, Hugo Chavarria, Carl Pray, Stuart J. Smyth, Agustin Torroba, Justus Wesseler, David Zilberman, and Juan F. Martinez. "The Bioeconomy and Food System Transformation." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 849–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_45.

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AbstractThis chapter identifies opportunities around bioeconomic concepts for the transformation of food systems. Bioeconomy is a multi-dimensional concept and blends well with the food systems concept. Its goals include the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; the efficient use of energy and material; responsible consumption; and social inclusion through innovation, with a focus on the transformation of the structure of production. Bioeconomy makes important contributions to sustainable economic growth from the environmental and social points of view, offering direct jobs and employment and higher value addition. Bioeconomy offers support for the transformation of food systems by increasing crop and livestock yields through sustainable intensification activities. It can strengthen local value chains, promoting the reuse and recycling of food resources. These strategies at the local level contribute to poverty reduction through the creation of new rural jobs. Food system resilience can be strengthened based on the diversification of agricultural commodity production, the increased use of bio-based inputs in agriculture and the diversification of rural incomes through the rural production of bioenergy, bio-based industry and environmental services. Bioeconomy can be effectively used for the upscaling of biotechnology innovations, improved environmental sustainability and climate resilience, and improved nutrition and health. Links between the bioeconomy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are demonstrated by using the indicators of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for monitoring and evaluating the bioeconomy.
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Bolka, Silvester, and Blaž Nardin. "Reactive Extrusion as an Environmentally Friendly Technology for the Production of Bio(Nano)Composites: Implementation and Characterization." In Biocomposites - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108572.

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The influences of reactive extrusion of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based bio(nano)composites on their properties are described. Reactive compatibilizers were used to enable good dispersion of natural (nano)fibers in the thermoplastic matrix consisting of PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and PLA/polycarbonate (PC) blends. At the same time, chain extenders were used for the modification of immiscible thermoplastics, PLA and PBAT, in order to achieve good miscibility of the PLA/PBAT blend. In the experimental part, the main obstacle of PLA, its brittleness, was improved in three different series of bio(nano)composites. Reactive extrusion with PLA/PBAT blends and the addition of hops as a chain extender and compatibilizer increased the elongation at break of the bio(nano)composite by more than 240% and the impact strength by 200% compared to neat PLA. Reactive extrusion of PLA/PBAT blends and addition of 1% nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) with additives increased the elongation at break by more than 730% compared to pure PLA, and the sample did not break during the impact testing. Reactive extrusion with PLA/PC blends and the addition of 1 wt% NCC with additives increased the elongation at break by more than 90% and the impact strength by more than 160% compared to pure PLA.
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Almusaed, Amjad, and Asaad Almssad. "Sustainable Wooden Skyscrapers for the Future Cities." In Wood Industry - Past, Present and Future Outlook [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105809.

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At the time of writing, energy-saving and eco-friendly building materials have gained acceptance, recognition, and a strong foothold in the construction sector. There is an appreciable degree of congruence in the development of green buildings and bio-based building materials, making it imperative to promote and sustain the application of such materials. Wood is endowed with a host of favorable properties sought after in a building material—its organic warmth, softness, ability to control indoor moisture levels and act as a good insulator, malleability, and workability, to name a few. Wooden buildings blend perfectly into the surrounding landscapes much better than their counterparts. It facilitates design for lightweight and strength, is a renewable resource, and accords stability and seismic resistance to structures. The focus of this chapter is on wooden skyscrapers which promise to be a greener and eco-friendlier option vis-à-vis the conventional concrete high-rises.
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Madbouly, Samy A. "8 Bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates blends and composites." In Biopolymers and Composites, 235–54. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501521942-008.

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Ghozali, Muhammad, Witta Kartika Restu, Ika Juliana, Yenny Meliana, and Evi Triwulandari. "Effect of lignin on bio-based/oil-based polymer blends." In Micro and Nanolignin in Aqueous Dispersions and Polymers, 251–91. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823702-1.00009-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bio-based blend"

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Vrabič Brodnjak, Urška, and Dimitrina Todorova. "Investigation of the optical properties of chitosan and rice starch blends, as a filler in paper or as a film for packaging applications." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p5.

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Bio based materials fall under the broad category of bio-products or bio-based products, which includes materials, chemicals and energy derived from renewable biological resources. This research shows the preparation of both, paper sheets with blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch and chitosan and rice starch films, which could be used as packaging material for a variety of applications. In this research, we used a blend mixture, different concentrations of chitosan and rice starch both in paper production and in films to investigate the optical properties of the obtained materials with a combination of ultrasonic treatment during the film formation. The research showed that the optical properties of the obtained packaging materials improved. It also showed that blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch are effective paper fillers in the preparation of cellulose mixture for bio based packaging materials and the optical properties are with slight changes. The investigation on the optical properties of the obtained paper samples during accelerated thermal showed that the ageing of paper with addition of chitosan and chitosan and rice starch blends had the same behaviour through the 72 hours of ageing. The ultrasonic treatment of the films improved transparency. The surface at untreated blend film was more uneven compared to chitosan and rice starch films, which improved after the treatment.
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Hossain, Mohammad K., Samira N. Shaily, Hadiya J. Harrigan, and Terrie Mickens. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Based Poly Lactic Acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate-Valerate (PLA/PHBV) Blend With Nanoclay." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67813.

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The objective of this research is to prepare a hybrid biopolymer blend using PLA and PHBV with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Bio-based PLA and PHBV blends were prepared using the melt-mixing procedure. Tensile, FTIR, DSC, TGA, optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were performed to investigate mechanical properties, bonding interaction, glass transition temperature, melting and crystalline enthalpy, thermal decomposition, and morphological analysis. Different percent (1, 2, and 3 wt%) of nanoclay was added to the system to observe the bonding interaction. It was observed that the crystallinity increases with increasing amount of nanoclay. The result showed that the tensile strength of PLA thin film and PHBV film was found to be 31.1 MPa and 14.41 MPa, respectively. Hence, PLA has better mechanical property than PHBV. On the other hand, thermal property of PHBV thin film was found to be better than that of PLA. To optimize both mechanical and thermal properties of PLA and PHBV hybrid biopolymer blend, using various combinations of PLA/PHBV including 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 wt% a hybrid biopolymer blend was prepared. Among them, PLA-PHBV (75/25 wt%) with 2 wt% nanoclay resulted in the best outcome. The tensile strength of this prepared polymer blend was 29.34 MPa. Thermal analysis demonstrated two melting temperatures: 238.37 °C and 308.31 °C, respectively. Two glass transition temperatures were found from thermal tests which are the indication of the solution immiscibility. It had also been observed that the adding of nanoclay enhances tensile properties as well as thermal stability up to 2 wt%. It is revealed from the optical and SEM micrographs that the 2 wt% NC was dispersed uniformly throughout the resin blend.
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Saxena, Priyank, William C. Steele, and Luke H. Cowell. "Progress in Using Liquid Bio-Fuels in DLE Industrial Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58761.

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Abstract Decarbonization of electricity is paramount for the success of curbing growth of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. For many power generation applications there is a growing interest in using bio-fuels to replace fossils-based fuels, such as diesel and natural gas. Bio-fuels, being plant-based fuels, are classified as carbon neutral fuels. Several distributed power generation sites, such as universities, are interested in the feasibility of burning bio-fuels, such as biodiesel and alcohols, in stationary gas turbines to reduce their carbon-footprint as well as earn tax credits. In order to maintain its leadership in fuel-flexibility and to support its distributed power generation customers, Solar has qualified several of its gas turbine models using both the conventional and dry low emissions (DLE) combustion systems on various biodiesel blends. This paper presents results of the combustion rig tests with DLE combustion injectors using biodiesel blends and their comparison with those of No. 2 diesel and natural gas fuels. The emissions (NOx, CO, UHC) from B20 biodiesel blend were similar to that of ULSD, but higher than natural gas. The results are summarized in terms of gas turbines emissions and performance. Impacts of fuel properties on storage, handling and gas turbines operations are discussed. Finally, future development opportunities are also presented.
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Catalanotti, E., K. J. Hughes, M. Pourkashanian, I. Uryga-Bugajska, and A. Williams. "Development of a High Temperature Oxidation Mechanism for Bio-Aviation Fuels." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68667.

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Almost all current civil and military aviation around the world use a kerosene-type fuel. However one of the alternatives is to use a mixture of petrochemicals and biofuel, especially methyl esters derived from vegetable oil (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, FAMEs) that given their properties appear to be one of the most suitable for Aviation fuels. Studies were conducted to develop a fundamental and detailed reaction mechanism for the combustion of bio-aviation fuel through a combination of the existing kerosene based reaction mechanism developed previously by the authors (Aviation Fuel Reaction Mechanism v1.1), along with published chemical kinetic mechanisms for methylbutanoate (MB). Methylbutanoate is the simplest FAME that exhibits similar patterns of reactivity to FAME’s of longer carbon chain length typical of those derived from vegetable oils, furthermore it has been the subject of several studies to provide chemical kinetic mechanisms to predict its oxidation behavior. Evaluations of the combined reaction mechanism have been performed using CHEMKIN™ and similar software simulating high temperature/pressure conditions. A comparison between the oxidation processes of the Kerosene and Bio-Aviation fuel was carried out, along with sensitivity analysis to provide insight into some of the differences observed. A similar behaviour was observed for blends of 20%MB/80%Kerosene in the combustion conditions studied, indicating that combustion in current aircraft engines would not be adversely affected by using such a blend.
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Cromarty, Jason, and Sylvester Abanteriba. "Utilisation of Bio-Fuels in Aviation Gas-Turbine Engines: An Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78589.

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An experimental and theoretical investigation was undertaken to identify and evaluate the key technical issues surrounding the ‘drop-in’ utilisation of alternative bio-fuels in aviation gas-turbine propulsion systems. Region-suitable biofuels were identified and suitability evaluated based on the following three criteria: ‘drop-in’ capability, environmental and economic sustainability and industrialisation prospects. Bio-fuel engine performance will be evaluated based on the specific fuel consumption, specific thrust, nature and quantity of emissions through theoretical modelling. This paper outlines a variety of different bio-fuel type options that were investigated. By using engineering and scientific methodology the fuels were evaluated to verify their suitability for gas-turbine aviation use. The eventual bio-fuel selected for further evaluation was a locally produced mustard seed oil derivative bio-fuel which was blended at various blend ratios with standard Jet A-1 turbine fuel. Verification testing processes for future investigation are detailed. In addition to engine performance evaluation endeavours, this paper also seeks to address and offer recommendations in the areas of bio-fuel production, transport, storage, certification and emissions.
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Saha, Mainak, Subham Dey, and Abhijit Mallik. "A Bio-Material Based Write-Once-Read-Many Times Memory Using Sodium Caseinate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Blend." In 2022 IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices Society Kolkata Chapter (EDKCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edkcon56221.2022.10032847.

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Jyothi, U. S., L. Gopinath, and B. Shankarachary. "Effect of oxygenated and metal-based additives on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Mahua bio-diesel at optimal blend." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANUFACTURING, MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (ICMMSE-2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141199.

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PATEL, CHIRAGKUMAR M., and Nikhil Dhore. "An Efficient and Environment Friendly Bio-based Polyols Through Liquefaction: Liquefaction Temperature and Catalyst Concentration Optimization and Utilized for Rigid Polyurethane Foams." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ginx2847.

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Aiming towards the liquefaction of paddy straw was accumulation as well as providing a technically viable route leading to preservation of the natural resources and environment, the paddy straw was chemically liquefied. Paddy straw were liquefied into bio-based polyol in the presence of castor oil and blend of castor and karanja oil as depolymerizing agent and p-toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. Liquefied product was characterized by chemical as well as analytical techniques. The agricultural waste base paddy straw was eventually converted into polymeric precursor (polyol) monomer with nearly 80 to 95% yield by employing 2% catalyst concentration and at optimized temperature of 180 °C. Synthesized polyol can be utilized further in formulating high quality rigid polyurethane foams. The foams were characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. All foams exhibit good compressive strengths and thermal stability. Thermal conductivity of foams varied between 0.012 and 0.023 Kcal/mh C, with the lowest being of foam from liquefied (LP), making it suitable for utilization as an insulation material.
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Jaubert, Jean-Noe¨l, Romain Privat, and Michel Molie`re. "Ethanol and Distillate Blends: A Thermodynamic Approach to Miscibility Issues." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22126.

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In the recent years, the quest for an ever wider cluster of sustainable primary energies has prompted an increasing number of attempts to combine the emission sobriety of bio fuels with the energy density advantage of fossil fuels. A number of compositions incorporating hydrocarbons, ethanol and in some cases limited amounts of water have been proposed, especially in the forms of micro emulsions, with a variable success. Indeed due to markedly different physical and chemical properties, ethanol and gasoil are able to blend and form homogeneous solutions only in limited proportion ranges. Indeed, such mixtures often give rise to liquid-liquid equilibrium. A key parameter is thus the Minimum Miscibility Temperature (MMT), i.e. the temperature above which ethanol and gasoil become completely miscible. In fact, commercial gasoils do not constitute a monolithic product but display in the contrary a large span of compositions that influence the stability of these blends. In this context, the LRGP laboratory (Laboratoire Re´actions et Ge´nie des Proce´de´s) has undertaken an investigation program intended to understand the factors underlying the stability of ethanol/gasoil blends. The approach is based on the calculation of the liquid-liquid phase diagrams formed by anhydrous ethanol and a mixture of various hydrocarbons representative of the diesel oil pool using the group contribution concept. Indeed, for correlating thermodynamic properties, it is often convenient to regard a molecule as an aggregate of functional groups; as a result, some thermodynamic properties (heat of mixing, activity coefficients) can be calculated by summing group contributions. In this study, the universal quasichemical functional group activity coefficient (UNIFAC) method has been employed as it appears to be particularly useful for making reasonable estimates for the studied non ideal mixtures for which data are sparse or totally absent. In any group-contribution method, the basic idea is that whereas there are thousands of chemical compounds of interest in chemical technology, the number of functional groups that constitute these compounds is much smaller. Therefore, if we assume that a physical property of a fluid is the sum of contributions made by the molecule’s functional groups, we obtain a possible technique for correlating the properties of a very large number of fluids in terms of a much smaller number of parameters that characterize the contributions of individual groups. This paper shows the large influence exerted by the paraffinic, aromatic and naphthenic character of the gasoil but also the sulfur content of the fossil fraction on the shape of the liquid-liquid phase diagram and on the value of the minimum miscibility temperature.
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Hansen, Samuel, and Amin Mirkouei. "Bio-Oil Upgrading via Micro-Emulsification and Ultrasound Treatment: Examples for Analysis and Discussion." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97182.

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Abstract Blended fuels allow biofuels (e.g., bio-oil, ethanol, and biodiesel) to be commercialized by mixing them with petroleum-based fuels and address their deficiencies, such as compatibility with existing engine systems. Traditional blends (e.g., B20, E15, and E85) rely on mechanical mixing and use of surfactants (stabilizing chemicals) to prevent mixture separation, however, in many cases bio-blends suffer from reduced performance. Bio-oil, a low-grade liquid biofuel, has high potential in blended fuels production and addresses its deficiencies, such as high upgrading cost due to high oxygen-carbon ratio and H2O content. Emulsion technology is a relatively immature process, which relies on microscopic H2O blended with fuel for increased performance and stability. This study explores how residual H2O in bio-oil may increase performance and compensate for its deficiencies by using bio-oil in diesel emulsion. Our research shows that (a) H2O emulsion fuel has received little attention yet, which can offer many benefits to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, (b) H2O content in bio-oil may be significant enough to impact performance in a diesel engine if stability concerns are addressed, and (c) the stability of bio-oil derived diesel emulsions may be increased over conventional practice, using ultrasonic cavitation. It is concluded that emulsified bio-oil in diesel is able to address common upgrading challenges by skipping H2O removing operation and using H2O in bio-oil to enhance blended fuel performance. Ultimately, bio-oil can be used to supplement diesel fuel and develop a commercial market similar to the strategy’s used earlier with ethanol production from corn.
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