Journal articles: 'Bio-analytical devices'

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ENDO, Tatsuro. "Development of Bio Analytical Devices Based on Nanoimprint Lithography." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 86, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.86.251.

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González-López, Andrea, Olaya Amor-Gutiérrez, Estefanía Costa-Rama, and M. Teresa Fernández-Abedul. "Metallic Pins as Electrodes in Low-Cost (Bio)Electroanalytical Devices." Proceedings 60, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecb2020-07062.

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The increasing demand for fast and on-site information has generated great interest in developing simple and portable analytical devices that provide reliable responses. Electroanalytical devices fit perfectly with these purposes because of their ease of use, low cost and facility of miniaturization. Moreover, the growing interest in the construction of do-it-yourself electronic devices has spread the use of common and mass-produced materials for the development of analytical devices. In this context, it is presented here the use of gold-plated pins, from standard connections, and stainless-steel pins, from needlework, as electrodes in (bio)electroanalytical platforms. Three different analytical platforms combining those pins with paper, transparency sheets or micropipette tips were constructed and applied in food and environmental analyses: glucose determination in beverages and surfactant analysis in water.

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Pérez-Fernández, Beatriz, Agustín Costa-García, and Alfredo de la Escosura Muñiz. "Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Pesticides Detection Using Screen-Printed Electrodes." Biosensors 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10040032.

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Pesticides are among the most important contaminants in food, leading to important global health problems. While conventional techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have traditionally been utilized for the detection of such food contaminants, they are relatively expensive, time-consuming and labor intensive, limiting their use for point-of-care (POC) applications. Electrochemical (bio)sensors are emerging devices meeting such expectations, since they represent reliable, simple, cheap, portable, selective and easy to use analytical tools that can be used outside the laboratories by non-specialized personnel. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) stand out from the variety of transducers used in electrochemical (bio)sensing because of their small size, high integration, low cost and ability to measure in few microliters of sample. In this context, in this review article, we summarize and discuss about the use of SPEs as analytical tools in the development of (bio)sensors for pesticides of interest for food control. Finally, aspects related to the analytical performance of the developed (bio)sensors together with prospects for future improvements are discussed.

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Spychalska, Kamila, Dorota Zając, Sylwia Baluta, Kinga Halicka, and Joanna Cabaj. "Functional Polymers Structures for (Bio)Sensing Application—A Review." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051154.

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In this review we present polymeric materials for (bio)sensor technology development. We focused on conductive polymers (conjugated microporous polymer, polymer gels), composites, molecularly imprinted polymers and their influence on the design and fabrication of bio(sensors), which in the future could act as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. LOC instruments enable us to perform a wide range of analysis away from the stationary laboratory. Characterized polymeric species represent promising candidates in biosensor or sensor technology for LOC development, not only for manufacturing these devices, but also as a surface for biologically active materials’ immobilization. The presence of biological compounds can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical tools, which in the case of medical diagnostics is extremely important. The described materials are biocompatible, cost-effective, flexible and are an excellent platform for the anchoring of specific compounds.

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Yin, Yafei, Min Li, Wei Yuan, Xiaolian Chen, and Yuhang Li. "A widely adaptable analytical method for thermal analysis of flexible electronics with complex heat source structures." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2228 (August 2019): 20190402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0402.

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Flexible electronics, as a relatively new category of device, exhibit prodigious potential in many applications, especially in bio-integrated fields. It is critical to understand that thermal management of certain kinds of exothermic flexible electronics is a crucial issue, whether to avoid or to take advantage of the excessive temperature. A widely adaptable analytical method, validated by finite-element analysis and experiments, is conducted to investigate the thermal properties of exothermic flexible electronics with a heat source in complex shape or complex array layout. The main theoretical strategy to obtain the thermal field is through an integral along the complex curve source region. The results predicted by the analytical model enable accurate control of temperature and heat flow in the flexible electronics, which may help in the design and fabrication of flexible electronic devices in the future.

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Sarcina, Lucia, Luisa Torsi, Rosaria Anna Picca, Kyriaki Manoli, and Eleonora Macchia. "Assessment of Gold Bio-Functionalization for Wide-Interface Biosensing Platforms." Sensors 20, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133678.

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The continuous improvement of the technical potential of bioelectronic devices for biosensing applications will provide clinicians with a reliable tool for biomarker quantification down to the single molecule. Eventually, physicians will be able to identify the very moment at which the illness state begins, with a terrific impact on the quality of life along with a reduction of health care expenses. However, in clinical practice, to gather enough information to formulate a diagnosis, multiple biomarkers are normally quantified from the same biological sample simultaneously. Therefore, it is critically important to translate lab-based bioelectronic devices based on electrolyte gated thin-film transistor technology into a cost-effective portable multiplexing array prototype. In this perspective, the assessment of cost-effective manufacturability represents a crucial step, with specific regard to the optimization of the bio-functionalization protocol of the transistor gate module. Hence, we have assessed, using surface plasmon resonance technique, a sustainable and reliable cost-effective process to successfully bio-functionalize a gold surface, suitable as gate electrode for wide-field bioelectronic sensors. The bio-functionalization process herein investigated allows to reduce the biorecognition element concentration to one-tenth, drastically impacting the manufacturing costs while retaining high analytical performance.

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Salim, Mohammed, Dhia Salim, Davannendran Chandran, Hakim S. Aljibori, and A. Sh Kherbeet. "Review of nano piezoelectric devices in biomedicine applications." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 10 (February 5, 2018): 2105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17754272.

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The piezoelectric devices, based on micro–nano electromechanical systems, are well known nowadays due to their small features, ability for integration with the integrated circuit in a single platform, robust, and easily fabricated in bulk. The enhanced performance of piezoelectric systems, which is soft, flexible, and stretchable made them have unique opportunities to be used in bio-integrated applications as nanodevices for energy harvesting, sensing, actuation, and cell stimulation. The selection of optimized configurations depends on thin geometries, neutral mechanical plane construction, and controlled buckling, while inorganic piezoelectric materials are preferred for interfaces with human bodies. The key considerations in designs, the analytical derivations for voltage and displacement, and the effect of the voltmeter resistance on the voltage measurements are presented. Devices for energy harvesting from natural motions of internal organs, sensors, and actuators for medical applications are reviewed. The PMN-PT energy harvester that produced current of 0.22 mA is higher than the rest of the discussed harvesters. Thus, it is more suitable to be used as a sufficient source of energy in biomedical applications. The use of piezoelectric nanowires and ribbons proved successful, and the dual features of device (sensor and actuator) seem advantageous.

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Stortini, Angela Maria, Maria Antonietta Baldo, Giulia Moro, Federico Polo, and Ligia Maria Moretto. "Bio- and Biomimetic Receptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236800.

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Heavy metals ions (HMI), if not properly handled, used and disposed, are a hazard for the ecosystem and pose serious risks for human health. They are counted among the most common environmental pollutants, mainly originating from anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural, industrial and/or domestic effluents, atmospheric emissions, etc. To face this issue, it is necessary not only to determine the origin, distribution and the concentration of HMI but also to rapidly (possibly in real-time) monitor their concentration levels in situ. Therefore, portable, low-cost and high performing analytical tools are urgently needed. Even though in the last decades many analytical tools and methodologies have been designed to this aim, there are still several open challenges. Compared with the traditional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and/or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or UV–VIS detectors, bio- and biomimetic electrochemical sensors provide high sensitivity, selectivity and rapid responses within portable and user-friendly devices. In this review, the advances in HMI sensing in the last five years (2016–2020) are addressed. Key examples of bio and biomimetic electrochemical, impedimetric and electrochemiluminescence-based sensors for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Zn2+ and Tl+ are described and discussed.

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Jumal, Juliana, and Siti Salhah Othman. "A Review on Biosensors and Their Applications in Food and Beverage Industry." Journal of Fatwa Management and Research 17, July 2019 (2019): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol17no1.4.

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The foremost challenge in food and beverage industry is the need to develop quick and cost effective tools in the detection of contaminants, toxins, non-Halal components and pathogens in the food. For this reason, biosensor is one of the best tool to detect and verify the existence of those components. They are modern analytical devices which consist of bio-receptor, transducer and signal processing to produce specific reaction when in contact with a specific component. Biosensors are recently gaining much interest and widely used in analysis of bio-materials for better understanding of their bio-compositions, structures and functions by converting biological responses into electrical signals. In this review, various biosensors reported in the literatures for the detection of pork in food, detection of alcohol in fermented beverages, monitoring of fructose level and detection of harmful contaminants in dairy products are summarized, highlighting their principles, advantages, and limitations together with their simplicity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities.

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Rodrigues, Daniela, Ana I. Barbosa, Rita Rebelo, Il Keun Kwon, Rui L. Reis, and Vitor M. Correlo. "Skin-Integrated Wearable Systems and Implantable Biosensors: A Comprehensive Review." Biosensors 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10070079.

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Biosensors devices have attracted the attention of many researchers across the world. They have the capability to solve a large number of analytical problems and challenges. They are future ubiquitous devices for disease diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and health management. This review presents an overview of the biosensors field, highlighting the current research and development of bio-integrated and implanted biosensors. These devices are micro- and nano-fabricated, according to numerous techniques that are adapted in order to offer a suitable mechanical match of the biosensor to the surrounding tissue, and therefore decrease the body’s biological response. For this, most of the skin-integrated and implanted biosensors use a polymer layer as a versatile and flexible structural support, combined with a functional/active material, to generate, transmit and process the obtained signal. A few challenging issues of implantable biosensor devices, as well as strategies to overcome them, are also discussed in this review, including biological response, power supply, and data communication.

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Arun Kumar V, Vijey Aanandhi M, Gandhimathi R, and Sumithra M. "A review on bioanalytical method development and pre-method validation concepts using SPE and LLE process by LC-MS/MS method." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4689.

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The review article provides guidance for the development of a Bio-Analytical Method intended for the estimation of drugs in biological fluids. The development of a suitable analytical method for the identification, isolation and quantification of different drugs and or their metabolites from biological fluids is an essential and challenging component of pharmacokinetic studies. The uses of detection techniques that are highly sensitive and specific for the quantification of drugs and or metabolites in biological fluids are preferred. To collect the information on physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, chromatographic and extraction procedures of the drug/Metabolites from available sources, e.g. Medline, Journals, Analytical abstract, Physician Desk Reference, Library etc. Summarize the physiochemical, pharmacokinetic properties, chromatographic and extraction procedures. Select the equipment according to the availability and sensitivity. Select the initial chromatographic conditions and also identify the extraction. The selection of Internal standard should be similar to the analyte. Prepare the required solutions and stock dilutions at the required concentration. Tune the instrument with suitable solutions and optimize parameters for Q1/Q3 ions. Condition the system and column with the selected mobile phase. Perform pre-method validation experiments. Select the best weighing factors for the standards. Compile all the chromatograms and raw data and archive since the development of a Bio-Analytical method for a given drug is so essential to start with, this guidance for approaching and conclude for a suitable method that later can be validated. It is important to note that this is intended to identify minimal criteria for producing consistent and comparable data. This procedure is applicable to the methods that are to be developed for the estimation of drugs and metabolites from biological fluids using any chromatographic devices in the Bio- Analytical Department.

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Prasanth, K. V. S. S. D., and M. Sreekumar. "Design of a New Biomimic Flow Pump Using SMA Actuators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2903.

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low pumps have been developed for classical applications in Engineering and medicine. They are vital instruments in areas such as Biology where the applications demand many such devices in miniaturized form to handle life saving fluids and drugs. The aim of this paper is to develop a new bio-mimic fluid pump, designed to achieve miniaturization in its size and volume. A new actuation technique is proposed which pumps the fluid based on the principle of flow due to pressure difference created by varying the cross-section of a flexible tube. The novelty and advantage being, no external pressurizing device is needed and the flow can be made bidirectional. This is in general not possible in normal or traditional pumps. Use of SMA wires as actuators helps in keeping the size and weight of the device as low as possible. The working principle of the device and the conceptual design are discussed. Mathematical model, relating the flow parameters required for controlling the device, and analytical results obtained from such relations are presented.

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Martínez-Periñán, Emiliano, Cristina Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Tania García-Mendiola, and Encarnación Lorenzo. "Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Using Screen-Printed Electrodes." Biosensors 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10090118.

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Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (also called electrochemiluminescence (ECL)) has become a great focus of attention in different fields of analysis, mainly as a consequence of the potential remarkably high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. In the particular case of sensing applications, ECL biosensor unites the benefits of the high selectivity of biological recognition elements and the high sensitivity of ECL analysis methods. Hence, it is a powerful analytical device for sensitive detection of different analytes of interest in medical prognosis and diagnosis, food control and environment. These wide range of applications are increased by the introduction of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). Disposable SPE-based biosensors cover the need to perform in-situ measurements with portable devices quickly and accurately. In this review, we sum up the latest biosensing applications and current progress on ECL bioanalysis combined with disposable SPEs in the field of bio affinity ECL sensors including immunosensors, DNA analysis and catalytic ECL sensors. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials with particular physical and chemical properties in the ECL biosensing systems has improved tremendously their sensitivity and overall performance, being one of the most appropriates research fields for the development of highly sensitive ECL biosensor devices.

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Szabó, Tibor, Róbert Janovics, Marianna Túri, István Futó, István Papp, Mihály Braun, Krisztián Németh, et al. "Isotope Analytical Characterization of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites." Radiocarbon 60, no. 4 (August 2018): 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.63.

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ABSTRACTCarbon-based nanomaterials of different dimensions (1–3D, tubes, bundles, films, papers and sponges, graphene sheets) have been created and their characteristic properties have been discussed intensively in the literature. Due to their unique advantageous, tunable properties these materials became promising candidates in new generations of applications in many research laboratories and, recently, in industries as well. Protein-based bio-nanocomposites are referred to as materials of the future, which may serve as conceptual revolution in the development of integrated optical devices, e.g. optical switches, microimaging systems, sensors, telecommunication technologies or energy harvesting and biosensor applications. In our experiments, we designed various carbon-based nanomaterials either doped or not doped with nitrogen or sulfur during catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis. Radio- and isotope analytical studies have shown that the used starting materials, precursors and carriers have a strong influence on the geometry and physico-/chemical characteristics of the carbon nanotubes produced. After determining the 14C isotope constitution 53 m/m% balance was found in the reaction center protein/carbon nanotubes complex in a sensitive way that was prepared in our laboratory. The result is essential in determining the yield of conversion of light energy to chemical potential in this bio-hybrid system.

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Di Sia, Paolo, and Valerio Dallacasa. "Weight Analysis in a Quantum Mechanical Transport Model for Nano and Bio Materials." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.620.

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The charge transport is one of the most important factors for the efficiency in nanostructured devices. The detailed nature of transport processes in these systems is still not completely resolved. Starting from the Drude model, we have proposed an analytical method for describing classically the most important quantities concerning transport phenomena, i.e. the velocity correlation functions, the mean square deviation of position and the diffusion coefficient. To fully account for quantum effects arising in systems of reduced dimensions, in this work we present the quantum mechanical version of this model, comprehending the oscillator strength weights, and apply the model to single-walled carbon nanotube ﬁlms, extracting the oscillator weights from reflectivity data reported in the literature. We are able to give a complete and precise description of time correlations avoiding time-consuming numerical or simulation procedures. This method demonstrates high generality and offers perspectives even in the study of ions, like mass transfer, and solutions, so as in nano bio systems. This quantum mechanical extension allows significant applications for the nanodiffusion in nanostructured, porous and cellular materials, as for biological, medical and nanopiezotronic devices.

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Brinksmeier, Ekkard, Oltmann Riemer, Lars Schönemann, H. Zheng, and Florian Böhmermann. "Microstructuring of Surfaces for Bio-Medical Applications." Advanced Materials Research 907 (April 2014): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.907.213.

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In recent years microfluidic devices became of great interest, as they offer a wide range of bio-analytical and fluid processing applications through the utilization of size effects. Especially a mass manufacturing of disposable polymeric microfluidic devices by hot embossing or injection molding is expected to have high economic potential. It is known, that channels and areas showing a localized change in wettability can considerably improve fluid processing tasks like mixing or droplet generation. Chemical approaches, like the polymerization of lauryl acrylate, were successfully shown to achieve hydrophobic coatings for micro channels but are not suitable for a mass manufacturing. Since microstructures are known to provide water repellent properties of surfaces, this paper focuses on the applicability of diamond grooving and Diamond Micro Chiseling (DMC) processes for the manufacture of microstructured areas in brass molds inserts, in order to achieve hydrophobic properties of their replica. Major design features of structures, like a height range of 6 to 16μm or aspect ratios in between 0.5 and 3.2 are derived from the natural example of the lotus leaf. Molding is carried out by using a two component silicone filler. The performance of the replicated hydrophobic surfaces is evaluated by droplet contact angle measurements. After presenting methodology and results, the paper will conclude on how to transfer the investigated microstructuring methods to the manufacture of mold inserts for the replication of polymeric microfluidic chips with localized hydrophobic areas and channels.

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Gauckler, Ludwig J., and Kurosch Rezwan. "Adsorption of Biomolecules on Ceramic Particles and the Impact on Biomedical Applications." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.741.

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Protein adsorption onto metal oxide surfaces is an essential aspect of the cascade of biological reactions taking place at all interfaces between implanted materials and the biological environment. The types and amounts of adsorbed proteins mediate subsequent adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells. Protein adsorption to surfaces of metal oxides and their kinetics are important in the formation and growth of seashells, one of the toughest natural ceramics, in modern bio-analytical devices as well as in bone and teeth implant technology. This paper describes results obtained in a feasibility study of how to use metal-oxide particles to obtain biosensors with a high turnover. The most important features of proteins are outlined describing them as purpose-built "polymers" from amino acids with specific conformations. Some key aspects of Metaloxide (MeO) surfaces in water and the influence of electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction on protein adsorption are reported. Results concerning the interaction between different proteins and MeO surfaces in water are discussed in detail. Examples of purely electrostatic interactions of proteins with MeO surfaces as well as the influence of hydrophobic interaction are elucidated. An outlook of the implications of the new insights on natural and synthetic materials will be given concerning bio-compatibility, bio-mineralization and self assembly of materials.

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Mizaikoff, B. "Infrared optical sensors for water quality monitoring." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0079.

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In-situ monitoring of water quality with particular emphasis on organic pollutants is a global priority topic in water analysis. Recent developments in optical sensor technology provide advanced analytical tools for continuous assessment of pollution levels in the liquid phase and in the gas phase. Infrared sensing schemes are among the most promising concepts due to inherent molecular specificity provided by absorption patterns of fundamental molecular vibrations of organic molecules. The advent of mid-infrared transparent optical fibers and waveguides, appropriate light source technology, such as quantum cascade lasers, and the potential for the development of highly integrated analytical devices based on microfabrication technology substantiates the trend towards spectroscopic sensing techniques. Chemical modification of the waveguide surface leads to enhanced analyte recognition based on tunable properties of enrichment or (bio)chemical recognition layers. Discussion of fundamental sensing technology is complemented by recent examples, highlighting the state-of-the-art in this dynamic research field.

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BÉG, O. ANWAR, S. K. GHOSH, S. AHMED, and TASVEER BÉG. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF OSCILLATORY MAGNETO-CONVECTION OF A COUPLE-STRESS BIOFLUID IN AN INCLINED ROTATING CHANNEL." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 03 (June 2012): 1250050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519411004654.

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A mathematical study is conducted of the oscillatory hydromagnetic flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, non-Newtonian bio-fluid in an inclined, rotating channel with nonconducting walls, incorporating couple stress effects. The constitutive equations for a couple-stress fluid and the Maxwell electromagnetic field equations are presented and then reduced to a set of coupled partial differential equations for the primary and secondary flow. The model is then nondimensionalized with appropriate variables and shown to be controlled by the inverse Ekman number (K2= 1/Ek), the hydromagnetic body force parameter (M), channel inclination (α), Grashof number (Gr), Prandtl number (Pr), oscillation frequency (ω), and time variable (ωT). Analytical solutions are derived using complex variables. The influence of the governing parameters on the primary velocity (u), secondary velocity (w), temperature (θ), primary and secondary flow discharges per unit depth in the channel (Qx, Qz), and frictional shear stresses due to primary and secondary flow (τx, τz), are studied graphically and using tables. Applications of the study arise in the simulation of the manufacture of electrically conducting bio-polymeric liquids and magneto-physiological flow devices.

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Kargar-Estahbanaty, Arash, Mostafa Baghani, Hamid Shahsavari, and Ghader Faraji. "A Combined Analytical–Numerical Investigation on Photosensitive Hydrogel Micro-Valves." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 07 (October 2017): 1750103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117501034.

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In this paper, employing photo-thermal sensitive (PTS) hydrogels, a photosensitive bio-compatible micro-valve is investigated. In this regard, the energy representation and governing equations of PTS hydrogels are described. Two benchmark problems common in micro-fluidic designs are solved using the presented theory, and the deformation and stress distributions are calculated. The theory is implemented into a finite element (FE) framework by developing a user-defined subroutine. To properly validate the FE model, the FE results are compared with the proposed analytical results. The confirmed numerical method is then employed to investigate two different realistic micro-valve structures. The constructions are composed of three jacket-pillar structures arranged in two different patterns. In this step, the nonlinear contact between the components of structures and presumptive rigid walls are added to the thermo-mechanical deformation of the photosensitive micro-jackets. The contact length and contact pressure are investigated. By calculating all necessary mechanical parameters, the analysis results can be utilized in the design procedure of a photosensitive micro-valve and pave the way for the industrial production of the next generation micro-fluidic devices.

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Carminati, Marco, and Carlo Fiorini. "Challenges for Microelectronics in Non-Invasive Medical Diagnostics." Sensors 20, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 3636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133636.

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Microelectronics is emerging, sometimes with changing fortunes, as a key enabling technology in diagnostics. This paper reviews some recent results and technical challenges which still need to be addressed in terms of the design of CMOS analog application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and their integration in the surrounding systems, in order to consolidate this technological paradigm. Open issues are discussed from two, apparently distant but complementary, points of view: micro-analytical devices, combining microfluidics with affinity bio-sensing, and gamma cameras for simultaneous multi-modal imaging, namely scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The role of integrated circuits is central in both application domains. In portable analytical platforms, ASICs offer miniaturization and tackle the noise/power dissipation trade-off. The integration of CMOS chips with microfluidics poses multiple open technological issues. In multi-modal imaging, now that the compatibility of the acquisition chains (thousands of Silicon Photo-Multipliers channels) of gamma detectors with Tesla-level magnetic fields has been demonstrated, other development directions, enabled by microelectronics, can be envisioned in particular for single-photon emission tomography (SPECT): a faster and simplified operation, for instance, to allow transportable applications (bed-side) and hardware pre-processing that reduces the number of output signals and the image reconstruction time.

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BÉG, O. ANWAR, M. M. RASHIDI, N. RAHIMZADEH, TASVEER A. BÉG, and TIN-KAN HUNG. "HOMOTOPY SIMULATION OF TWO-PHASE THERMO-HEMODYNAMIC FILTRATION IN A HIGH PERMEABILITY BLOOD PURIFICATION DEVICE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 04 (July 7, 2013): 1350066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413500668.

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A two-phase thermo-hydrodynamic model is presented for transport in the vertical chamber of a porous media blood filtration device. A non-Darcy drag force formulation was employed. The Marble–Drew fluid–particle suspension model was used to simulate the plasma phase and the suspension (erythrocyte) particle phase. The non-dimensional transport equations were solved using a semi-computational procedure known as the homotopy analysis method (HAM). With the judicious use of the auxiliary parameter ℏ, HAM affords a powerful mechanism to adjust and control the convergence region of solution series. This method provides an efficient approximate analytical solution with high accuracy, minimal calculation and avoidance of physically unrealistic assumptions. Detailed computations are presented for the effects of Grashof number (Gr), momentum inverse Stokes number (Skm), Darcy number (Da), Forchheimer number (Fs), particle loading parameter (PL), buoyancy parameter (B) and temperature inverse Stokes number (SkT) on the dimensionless fluid phase velocity (U), dimensionless particle phase velocity (Up), dimensionless fluid phase temperature (Φ) and the dimensionless temperature of particle phase (Φp). A Prandtl number of 25 was used to simulate blood at room temperature. Excellent correlation was obtained between the HAM and numerical shooting quadrature solutions. The results indicated that there is a strong decrease in fluid phase velocities with increasing Darcian (first order) drag and second-order Forchheimer drag, and a weaker reduction in particle phase velocity field. Applications of the study include porous media bio-filtration devices and dialysis simulations.

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Min, Junhong, Joon-Ho Kim, and Sanghyo Kim. "Microfluidic device for bio analytical systems." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 9, no. 2 (April 2004): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02932991.

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Revenko, A. G. "X-ray spectral analysis development in Novosibirsk city (Electron probe microanalysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis using the synchrotron radiation)." Аналитика и контроль 25, no. 2 (2021): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.2.006.

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Current article considers the contribution of X-ray physicists from the city of Novosibirsk to the formation and development of the two X-ray spectral analysis directions: electron probe microanalysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis using the synchrotron radiation. The research on geological topics at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences using the MS-46 electron probe microanalyzer of the French company CAMECA (since 1967) served as the basis for the development of methods for the quantitative X-ray microanalysis of rock-forming minerals as the methods for quantitative determination of the contents of elements with low atomic numbers in the long-wavelength X-ray region were still in their infancy. With the development and the improvement of the method’s technical base (microprobes JXA-5A, JEOL, 1975; Kamebaks Micro, CAMECA, 1981; JXA-8100, JEOL, 2003; JXA-8230, JEOL, 2016; electronic computing), the software for controlling the operation of devices and converting the measured intensities of the analytical lines into the concentration of elements continued to changed and improve. The first results of elemental analysis, obtained using the synchrotron radiation to excite X-ray fluorescence at the VEPP-3 accelerating ring at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, were published in1977. Inthe following years, at the station of elemental SRXRF, samples of various nature were studied — biological (bio tissues of the heart, liver, lungs, hairs, bones, plants), geological, environmental objects (soils, sediments, aerosols, etc.), archaeological sites as well as new technological materials. The procedures for the determination of chemical elements in low-mass samples (milligrams) in unique samples of lunar soil samples, biopsy material of human myocardial tissues, etc. have been developed. The scanning device at the elemental SRXRF station made it possible to obtain the information for reconstructing the climate change for different periods of time – from 100 to 1000 years. A new non-destructive method of confocal X-ray microscopy for studying micro-objects and visualizing the distribution of chemical elements in extended objects on this station are currently being developed.

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Biancolillo, Alessandra, Patrizia Firmani, Remo Bucci, Andrea Magrì, and Federico Marini. "NIR spectroscopy vs. food pests: The case of stored rice." NIR news 30, no. 5-6 (May 29, 2019): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960336019854284.

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Rice is one of the most widely consumed cereals, and it represents a staple food for several populations all over the world. One of the main peculiarities of this food commodity is that it can be stored for relatively long periods, maintaining its nutritional properties and its organoleptic attributes. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon that pests infest granaries, altering the characteristics of cereals, making them less valuable and/or un-edible. Avoiding the presence of insects in storehouses is a task difficult to accomplish; consequently, different methods for detecting pests’ infestation in food commodities have been developed. In general, they are based on physical sensors, or they exploit analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or other bio-chemical devices to detect insects’ byproducts. Despite these approaches providing accurate results, they all present the same inconvenience: they are destructive. In the light of these considerations, the present work aims at developing a non-destructive NIR-based strategy to detect the presence of Plodia interpunctella, one of the most common intruders of granaries, in rice parcels. In order to achieve this goal, 1525 samples of rice have been analysed by NIR spectroscopy and then partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to discriminate the edible grains from the infested ones. The proposed methodology provided extremely good results, properly assigning 484 test samples over 500.

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Komuro, Nobutoshi, Shunsuke Takaki, Koji Suzuki, and Daniel Citterio. "Inkjet printed (bio)chemical sensing devices." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 17 (May 16, 2013): 5785–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7013-z.

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Герасимов, I. Gerasimov, Яшин, and A. Yashin. "Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Basic Notions. Types of Memory (review)." Journal of New Medical Technologies 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2754.

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The review presents the history of the known approaches, concepts and theories of memory, first of all the human, as properties perceive, save, retrieve and reproduce information important for life. The review is written with a specific aim designation: precedes the developed author´s concept of ion-molecular memory model. In the introduction, the authors note that it is reasonably consider memory as a property and the living and non-living objects. Definition of structural memory is presented. It is noted that the review is dedicated to the human memory as biological (according to I.P. Amsharin) - the supreme manifestation of the nature of bio-objects. The authors give a basic definition of the memory elements as information operand: receivers, analyzers, analytical systems, selectors, transmitters, storage devices, media, and library memory. Classification of types of memory as conceptual, oriented to the task research: creation of ion-molecular memory model is presented. As an example, the authors present the definition of the classification of memory on the parameter of time storage of the information. In the aspect of the review of the existing models of memory the authors identified three basic types which simulate associative (distributed) memory, the so-called working memory, i.e. operational situational memory, and other, different, memory models: from temporary to sensory memory. In conclusion, it is shown that in the memory modelling the authors used various mathematical and physical principles: neural networks, holography, fractals, and many sections of non-linear dynamics. The content of this review is based on the analysis of numerous literary sources.

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Sharma, Swati, Bastien Venzac, Thomas Burgers, Séverine Le Gac, and Stefan Schlatt. "Microfluidics in male reproduction: is ex vivo culture of primate testis tissue a future strategy for ART or toxicology research?" Molecular Human Reproduction 26, no. 3 (January 16, 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa006.

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Abstract The significant rise in male infertility disorders over the years has led to extensive research efforts to recapitulate the process of male gametogenesis in vitro and to identify essential mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis, notably for clinical applications. A promising technology to bridge this research gap is organ-on-chip (OoC) technology, which has gradually transformed the research landscape in ART and offers new opportunities to develop advanced in vitro culture systems. With exquisite control on a cell or tissue microenvironment, customized organ-specific structures can be fabricated in in vitro OoC platforms, which can also simulate the effect of in vivo vascularization. Dynamic cultures using microfluidic devices enable us to create stimulatory effect and non-stimulatory culture conditions. Noteworthy is that recent studies demonstrated the potential of continuous perfusion in OoC systems using ex vivo mouse testis tissues. Here we review the existing literature and potential applications of such OoC systems for male reproduction in combination with novel bio-engineering and analytical tools. We first introduce OoC technology and highlight the opportunities offered in reproductive biology in general. In the subsequent section, we discuss the complex structural and functional organization of the testis and the role of the vasculature-associated testicular niche and fluid dynamics in modulating testis function. Next, we review significant technological breakthroughs in achieving in vitro spermatogenesis in various species and discuss the evidence from microfluidics-based testes culture studies in mouse. Lastly, we discuss a roadmap for the potential applications of the proposed testis-on-chip culture system in the field of primate male infertility, ART and reproductive toxicology.

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Martinez, Andres W. "Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices: from POCKET to paper-based ELISA." Bioanalysis 3, no. 23 (December 2011): 2589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.258.

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INOUE, Yuya, Yutaka KURITA, Yuichi MATSUMURA, Setsuko TAKEMURA, Kazumi YOKOI, and Koji Yoshino. "408 Development and Application of Real-time Analytical Device of Bio-Motion." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2007.82 (2007): _4–14_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2007.82._4-14_.

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Calabretta, Maria Maddalena, Martina Zangheri, Donato Calabria, Antonia Lopreside, Laura Montali, Elisa Marchegiani, Ilaria Trozzi, Massimo Guardigli, Mara Mirasoli, and Elisa Michelini. "Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134309.

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Since the introduction of paper-based analytical devices as potential diagnostic platforms a few decades ago, huge efforts have been made in this field to develop systems suitable for meeting the requirements for the point-of-care (POC) approach. Considerable progress has been achieved in the adaptation of existing analysis methods to a paper-based format, especially considering the chemiluminescent (CL)-immunoassays-based techniques. The implementation of biospecific assays with CL detection and paper-based technology represents an ideal solution for the development of portable analytical devices for on-site applications, since the peculiarities of these features create a unique combination for fitting the POC purposes. Despite this, the scientific production is not paralleled by the diffusion of such devices into everyday life. This review aims to highlight the open issues that are responsible for this discrepancy and to find the aspects that require a focused and targeted research to make these methods really applicable in routine analysis.

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Grigorov, Alexander Vladimirov. "Suspended channel MEMS fabrication process for advanced device design and bio-analytical functionalization." Microelectronic Engineering 85, no. 11 (November 2008): 2290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2008.07.015.

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Tomassetti, Mauro, Emanuele Dell’Aglio, Mauro Castrucci, Maria Pia Sammartino, Luigi Campanella, and Corrado Di Natale. "Simple Yeast-Direct Catalytic Fuel Cell Bio-Device: Analytical Results and Energetic Properties." Biosensors 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11020045.

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This paper reports the analytical detection and energetic properties of a glucose-fed Direct Catalytic Fuel Cell (DCFC) operated in association with yeast cells (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae). The cell was tested in a potentiostatic mode, and the operating conditions were optimized to maximize the current produced by a given concentration of glucose. Results indicate that the DCFC is characterized by a glucose detection limit of the order to 21 mmol L−1. The cell was used to estimate the “pool” of carbohydrate content in commercial soft drinks. Furthermore, the use of different carbohydrates, such as fructose and sucrose, has been shown to result in a good current yield.

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Dey, Debarati, Pradipta Roy, and Debashis De. "Design and Electronic Characterization of Bio-Molecular QCA: A First Principle Approach." Journal of Nano Research 49 (September 2017): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.49.202.

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Molecular Quantum-dot Cellular Automata is the most promising and challenging technology nowadays for its high operating frequency, extremely high device density and non-cryogenic working temperature. In this paper, we report a First Principle approach based on analytical model of 3-dot Bio Molecular Quantum-dot Cellular Automata. The device is 19.62Å long and this bio molecular Quantum dot Cell has been made with two Adenine Nucleotide bio-molecules along with one Carbazole and one Thiol group. This whole molecular structure is supported onto Gold substrate. In this paper, two Adenine Nucleotides act as two quantum dots and Carbazole acts as another dot. These 3-Quantum-dots are mounted in a tree like structure supported with Thiol group. This model has been demonstrated with Extended Hückel Theory based semi-empirical method. The quantum ballistic transmission and HOMO-LUMO plot support the polarization state change. This state changing ability has been observed for this molecular device. Therefore, this property has been investigated and reported in this paper. HOMO-LUMO plot shows the two logic states along with null state for this 3-dots system. This phenomenon illustrates how the charge transfers take place. Two polarization states along with one additional null state have been obtained for this bio molecular nano device. This molecular device has been operated with 1000THz frequency. This nanoscale design approach will initiate one step towards the modeling of high frequency bio molecular Quantum dot Cell at room temperature.

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Ahamed, Oli, Fahad bin Mazhar, and Md Rasedujjaman. "A Review on Analytical Modeling of Bio-Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 860 (December 2016): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.860.111.

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Biosensor is a device that detects any change in physical parameter of biological elements in physicochemical manner and transfers its output in electrical manner. Nanotechnology is playing an emerging role in the development of biosensors and carbon nanotube is the leading one in this developing field. Carbon nanotube has an excellent combination of mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties that has stimulated increasing interest in the application of CNTs as component in biosensors. This paper provides a review of analytical modeling of biosensors on the basis of carbon nanotube.

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Santhiago, Murilo, Emilia W. Nery, Glauco P. Santos, and Lauro T. Kubota. "Microfluidic paper-based devices for bioanalytical applications." Bioanalysis 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.13.296.

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Salentijn, Gert IJ, Pieter E. Oomen, Maciej Grajewski, and Elisabeth Verpoorte. "Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing for (Bio)analytical Device Fabrication: Procedures, Materials, and Applications." Analytical Chemistry 89, no. 13 (June 19, 2017): 7053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00828.

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Havlik, Marlene, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Gernot Friedbacher, Paul Messner, Wolfgang Winkler, Laura Perez-Burgos, Christa Tauer, and Günter Allmaier. "Development of a bio-analytical strategy for characterization of vaccine particles combining SEC and nanoES GEMMA." Analyst 139, no. 6 (2014): 1412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3an01962d.

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In order to characterize vaccine-nanoparticles during production and in the final formulation we developed a strategy combining SEC and nano-electrospray GEMMA (nanoparticle number concentration-based ion mobility device).

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Fredrick, Sarah J., and Erin M. Gross. "Use of microelectrodes for electrochemiluminescent detection in microfluidic devices." Bioanalysis 1, no. 1 (April 2009): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.09.1.

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Carvalhal, Rafaela Fernanda, Emanuel Carrilho, and Lauro Tatsuo Kubota. "The potential and application of microfluidic paper-based separation devices." Bioanalysis 2, no. 10 (October 2010): 1663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.10.138.

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Mei, Joanne V., Sherri D. Zobel, Elizabeth M. Hall, Víctor R. De Jesús, Barbara W. Adam, and W. Harry Hannon. "Performance properties of filter paper devices for whole blood collection." Bioanalysis 2, no. 8 (August 2010): 1397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.10.73.

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Colozza, Noemi, Veronica Caratelli, Danila Moscone, and Fabiana Arduini. "Origami Paper-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors: State of the Art and Perspective." Biosensors 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11090328.

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In the last 10 years, paper-based electrochemical biosensors have gathered attention from the scientific community for their unique advantages and sustainability vision. The use of papers in the design the electrochemical biosensors confers to these analytical tools several interesting features such as the management of the solution flow without external equipment, the fabrication of reagent-free devices exploiting the porosity of the paper to store the reagents, and the unprecedented capability to detect the target analyte in gas phase without any sampling system. Furthermore, cost-effective fabrication using printing technologies, including wax and screen-printing, combined with the use of this eco-friendly substrate and the possibility of reducing waste management after measuring by the incineration of the sensor, designate these type of sensors as eco-designed analytical tools. Additionally, the foldability feature of the paper has been recently exploited to design and fabricate 3D multifarious biosensors, which are able to detect different target analytes by using enzymes, antibodies, DNA, molecularly imprinted polymers, and cells as biocomponents. Interestingly, the 3D structure has recently boosted the self-powered paper-based biosensors, opening new frontiers in origami devices. This review aims to give an overview of the current state origami paper-based biosensors, pointing out how the foldability of the paper allows for the development of sensitive, selective, and easy-to-use smart and sustainable analytical devices.

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Gun, Jenny, Dan Rizkov, Ovadia Lev, Maryam H. Abouzar, Arshak Poghossian, and Michael J. Schöning. "Oxygen plasma-treated gold nanoparticle-based field-effect devices as transducer structures for bio-chemical sensing." Microchimica Acta 164, no. 3-4 (July 4, 2008): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-008-0073-7.

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Rusling, James F. "Steps along the road to electrochemical devices for early cancer diagnosis." Bioanalysis 2, no. 5 (May 2010): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.10.26.

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Mawatari, Kazuma, Yutaka Kazoe, Hisashi Shimizu, Yuriy Pihosh, and Takehiko Kitamori. "Extended-Nanofluidics: Fundamental Technologies, Unique Liquid Properties, and Application in Chemical and Bio Analysis Methods and Devices." Analytical Chemistry 86, no. 9 (April 2014): 4068–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac4026303.

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Liu, Ning, Ru Chen, and Qing Wan. "Recent Advances in Electric-Double-Layer Transistors for Bio-Chemical Sensing Applications." Sensors 19, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153425.

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As promising biochemical sensors, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are used widely in the growing field of biochemical sensing applications. Recently, a new type of field-effect transistor gated by ionic electrolytes has attracted intense attention due to the extremely strong electric-double-layer (EDL) gating effect. In such devices, the carrier density of the semiconductor channel can be effectively modulated by an ion-induced EDL capacitance at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. With advantages of large specific capacitance, low operating voltage and sensitive interfacial properties, various EDL-based transistor (EDLT) devices have been developed for ultrasensitive portable sensing applications. In this article, we will review the recent progress of EDLT-based biochemical sensors. Starting with a brief introduction of the concepts of EDL capacitance and EDLT, we describe the material compositions and the working principle of EDLT devices. Moreover, the biochemical sensing performances of several important EDLTs are discussed in detail, including organic-based EDLTs, oxide-based EDLTs, nanomaterial-based EDLTs and neuromorphic EDLTs. Finally, the main challenges and development prospects of EDLT-based biochemical sensors are listed.

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Vincke, Bastien, Mohamed Anis Ghaoui, Nicolas Férey, and Xavier Martinez. "Physical, Modular and Articulated Interface for Interactive Molecular Manipulation." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 5415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185415.

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Rational drug design is an approach based on detailed knowledge of molecular interactions and dynamic of bio-molecules. This approach involves designing new digital and interactive tools including classical desktop interaction devices as well as advanced ones such as haptic arms or virtual reality devices. These approaches however struggle to deal with flexibility of bio-molecules by simultaneously steering the numerous degrees of freedom. We propose a new method that follows a direct interaction approach by implementing an innovative methodology benefiting from a physical, modular and articulated molecular interface augmented by wireless embedded sensors. The goal is to create, design and steer its in silico twin virtual model and better interact with dynamic molecular models.

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Zhang, An Liang, and Qin Jiang Han. "The Generation of Droplets with Micro-Liter Volume Using Surface Acoustic Wave." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5106.

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We developed a digital micro-fluid generator for the discrete dispensing of bio-samples into a bio-analytical unit on piezoelectric substrate. This micro-fluid device is comprised of a micro-channel, a step and a 1280 yx-LiNbO3 substrate. An ejector jet pump is used for offering a uniform linear velocity. After formed micro-fluid from micro-channel arrives the step, it will be down to the piezoelectric substrate due to its gravity and will be transported by surface acoustic wave (SAW). The micro-fluid generator can generate mono-disperse digital micro-fluid of micro-liter volume relied on the gap between micro-channel and the step. The generation time of digital micro-fluid is about several seconds time, which is also relation to the gap. And the digital micro-fluid generation is repeatable and stable with a typical variation of less than 7% of digital micro-fluid volume. Our digital micro-fluid generator can be effectively applied to biochemical analysis on a piezoelectric substrate.

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Sturm, Robert, Jack Henion, Richard Abbott, and Phil Wang. "Novel membrane devices and their potential utility in blood sample collection prior to analysis of dried plasma spots." Bioanalysis 7, no. 16 (September 2015): 1987–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.15.98.

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Ivars-Barceló, Francisco, Alessio Zuliani, Marjan Fallah, Mehrdad Mashkour, Mostafa Rahimnejad, and Rafael Luque. "Novel Applications of Microbial Fuel Cells in Sensors and Biosensors." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071184.

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A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of bio-electrochemical system with novel features, such as electricity generation, wastewater treatment, and biosensor applications. In recent years, progressive trends in MFC research on its chemical, electrochemical, and microbiological aspects has resulted in its noticeable applications in the field of sensing. This review was consequently aimed to provide an overview of the most interesting new applications of MFCs in sensors, such as providing the required electrical current and power for remote sensors (energy supply device for sensors) and detection of pollutants, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and specific DNA strands by MFCs without an external analytical device (self-powered biosensors). Moreover, in this review, procedures of MFC operation as a power supply for pH, temperature, and organic loading rate (OLR) sensors, and also self-powered biosensors of toxicity, pollutants, and BOD have been discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bio-analytical devices'

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