Academic literature on the topic 'Bio-analytical devices'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bio-analytical devices"
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ENDO, Tatsuro. "Development of Bio Analytical Devices Based on Nanoimprint Lithography." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 86, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.86.251.
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González-López, Andrea, Olaya Amor-Gutiérrez, Estefanía Costa-Rama, and M. Teresa Fernández-Abedul. "Metallic Pins as Electrodes in Low-Cost (Bio)Electroanalytical Devices." Proceedings 60, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecb2020-07062.
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The increasing demand for fast and on-site information has generated great interest in developing simple and portable analytical devices that provide reliable responses. Electroanalytical devices fit perfectly with these purposes because of their ease of use, low cost and facility of miniaturization. Moreover, the growing interest in the construction of do-it-yourself electronic devices has spread the use of common and mass-produced materials for the development of analytical devices. In this context, it is presented here the use of gold-plated pins, from standard connections, and stainless-steel pins, from needlework, as electrodes in (bio)electroanalytical platforms. Three different analytical platforms combining those pins with paper, transparency sheets or micropipette tips were constructed and applied in food and environmental analyses: glucose determination in beverages and surfactant analysis in water.
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Pérez-Fernández, Beatriz, Agustín Costa-García, and Alfredo de la Escosura Muñiz. "Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Pesticides Detection Using Screen-Printed Electrodes." Biosensors 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10040032.
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Pesticides are among the most important contaminants in food, leading to important global health problems. While conventional techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have traditionally been utilized for the detection of such food contaminants, they are relatively expensive, time-consuming and labor intensive, limiting their use for point-of-care (POC) applications. Electrochemical (bio)sensors are emerging devices meeting such expectations, since they represent reliable, simple, cheap, portable, selective and easy to use analytical tools that can be used outside the laboratories by non-specialized personnel. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) stand out from the variety of transducers used in electrochemical (bio)sensing because of their small size, high integration, low cost and ability to measure in few microliters of sample. In this context, in this review article, we summarize and discuss about the use of SPEs as analytical tools in the development of (bio)sensors for pesticides of interest for food control. Finally, aspects related to the analytical performance of the developed (bio)sensors together with prospects for future improvements are discussed.
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Spychalska, Kamila, Dorota Zając, Sylwia Baluta, Kinga Halicka, and Joanna Cabaj. "Functional Polymers Structures for (Bio)Sensing Application—A Review." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051154.
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In this review we present polymeric materials for (bio)sensor technology development. We focused on conductive polymers (conjugated microporous polymer, polymer gels), composites, molecularly imprinted polymers and their influence on the design and fabrication of bio(sensors), which in the future could act as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. LOC instruments enable us to perform a wide range of analysis away from the stationary laboratory. Characterized polymeric species represent promising candidates in biosensor or sensor technology for LOC development, not only for manufacturing these devices, but also as a surface for biologically active materials’ immobilization. The presence of biological compounds can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical tools, which in the case of medical diagnostics is extremely important. The described materials are biocompatible, cost-effective, flexible and are an excellent platform for the anchoring of specific compounds.
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Yin, Yafei, Min Li, Wei Yuan, Xiaolian Chen, and Yuhang Li. "A widely adaptable analytical method for thermal analysis of flexible electronics with complex heat source structures." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2228 (August 2019): 20190402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0402.
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Flexible electronics, as a relatively new category of device, exhibit prodigious potential in many applications, especially in bio-integrated fields. It is critical to understand that thermal management of certain kinds of exothermic flexible electronics is a crucial issue, whether to avoid or to take advantage of the excessive temperature. A widely adaptable analytical method, validated by finite-element analysis and experiments, is conducted to investigate the thermal properties of exothermic flexible electronics with a heat source in complex shape or complex array layout. The main theoretical strategy to obtain the thermal field is through an integral along the complex curve source region. The results predicted by the analytical model enable accurate control of temperature and heat flow in the flexible electronics, which may help in the design and fabrication of flexible electronic devices in the future.
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Sarcina, Lucia, Luisa Torsi, Rosaria Anna Picca, Kyriaki Manoli, and Eleonora Macchia. "Assessment of Gold Bio-Functionalization for Wide-Interface Biosensing Platforms." Sensors 20, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133678.
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The continuous improvement of the technical potential of bioelectronic devices for biosensing applications will provide clinicians with a reliable tool for biomarker quantification down to the single molecule. Eventually, physicians will be able to identify the very moment at which the illness state begins, with a terrific impact on the quality of life along with a reduction of health care expenses. However, in clinical practice, to gather enough information to formulate a diagnosis, multiple biomarkers are normally quantified from the same biological sample simultaneously. Therefore, it is critically important to translate lab-based bioelectronic devices based on electrolyte gated thin-film transistor technology into a cost-effective portable multiplexing array prototype. In this perspective, the assessment of cost-effective manufacturability represents a crucial step, with specific regard to the optimization of the bio-functionalization protocol of the transistor gate module. Hence, we have assessed, using surface plasmon resonance technique, a sustainable and reliable cost-effective process to successfully bio-functionalize a gold surface, suitable as gate electrode for wide-field bioelectronic sensors. The bio-functionalization process herein investigated allows to reduce the biorecognition element concentration to one-tenth, drastically impacting the manufacturing costs while retaining high analytical performance.
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Salim, Mohammed, Dhia Salim, Davannendran Chandran, Hakim S. Aljibori, and A. Sh Kherbeet. "Review of nano piezoelectric devices in biomedicine applications." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 10 (February 5, 2018): 2105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17754272.
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The piezoelectric devices, based on micro–nano electromechanical systems, are well known nowadays due to their small features, ability for integration with the integrated circuit in a single platform, robust, and easily fabricated in bulk. The enhanced performance of piezoelectric systems, which is soft, flexible, and stretchable made them have unique opportunities to be used in bio-integrated applications as nanodevices for energy harvesting, sensing, actuation, and cell stimulation. The selection of optimized configurations depends on thin geometries, neutral mechanical plane construction, and controlled buckling, while inorganic piezoelectric materials are preferred for interfaces with human bodies. The key considerations in designs, the analytical derivations for voltage and displacement, and the effect of the voltmeter resistance on the voltage measurements are presented. Devices for energy harvesting from natural motions of internal organs, sensors, and actuators for medical applications are reviewed. The PMN-PT energy harvester that produced current of 0.22 mA is higher than the rest of the discussed harvesters. Thus, it is more suitable to be used as a sufficient source of energy in biomedical applications. The use of piezoelectric nanowires and ribbons proved successful, and the dual features of device (sensor and actuator) seem advantageous.
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Stortini, Angela Maria, Maria Antonietta Baldo, Giulia Moro, Federico Polo, and Ligia Maria Moretto. "Bio- and Biomimetic Receptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236800.
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Heavy metals ions (HMI), if not properly handled, used and disposed, are a hazard for the ecosystem and pose serious risks for human health. They are counted among the most common environmental pollutants, mainly originating from anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural, industrial and/or domestic effluents, atmospheric emissions, etc. To face this issue, it is necessary not only to determine the origin, distribution and the concentration of HMI but also to rapidly (possibly in real-time) monitor their concentration levels in situ. Therefore, portable, low-cost and high performing analytical tools are urgently needed. Even though in the last decades many analytical tools and methodologies have been designed to this aim, there are still several open challenges. Compared with the traditional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and/or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or UV–VIS detectors, bio- and biomimetic electrochemical sensors provide high sensitivity, selectivity and rapid responses within portable and user-friendly devices. In this review, the advances in HMI sensing in the last five years (2016–2020) are addressed. Key examples of bio and biomimetic electrochemical, impedimetric and electrochemiluminescence-based sensors for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Zn2+ and Tl+ are described and discussed.
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Jumal, Juliana, and Siti Salhah Othman. "A Review on Biosensors and Their Applications in Food and Beverage Industry." Journal of Fatwa Management and Research 17, July 2019 (2019): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol17no1.4.
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The foremost challenge in food and beverage industry is the need to develop quick and cost effective tools in the detection of contaminants, toxins, non-Halal components and pathogens in the food. For this reason, biosensor is one of the best tool to detect and verify the existence of those components. They are modern analytical devices which consist of bio-receptor, transducer and signal processing to produce specific reaction when in contact with a specific component. Biosensors are recently gaining much interest and widely used in analysis of bio-materials for better understanding of their bio-compositions, structures and functions by converting biological responses into electrical signals. In this review, various biosensors reported in the literatures for the detection of pork in food, detection of alcohol in fermented beverages, monitoring of fructose level and detection of harmful contaminants in dairy products are summarized, highlighting their principles, advantages, and limitations together with their simplicity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities.
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Rodrigues, Daniela, Ana I. Barbosa, Rita Rebelo, Il Keun Kwon, Rui L. Reis, and Vitor M. Correlo. "Skin-Integrated Wearable Systems and Implantable Biosensors: A Comprehensive Review." Biosensors 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10070079.
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Biosensors devices have attracted the attention of many researchers across the world. They have the capability to solve a large number of analytical problems and challenges. They are future ubiquitous devices for disease diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and health management. This review presents an overview of the biosensors field, highlighting the current research and development of bio-integrated and implanted biosensors. These devices are micro- and nano-fabricated, according to numerous techniques that are adapted in order to offer a suitable mechanical match of the biosensor to the surrounding tissue, and therefore decrease the body’s biological response. For this, most of the skin-integrated and implanted biosensors use a polymer layer as a versatile and flexible structural support, combined with a functional/active material, to generate, transmit and process the obtained signal. A few challenging issues of implantable biosensor devices, as well as strategies to overcome them, are also discussed in this review, including biological response, power supply, and data communication.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bio-analytical devices"
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Garst, Sebastian. "Design and production of polymer based miniaturised bio-analytical devices." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20071003.082618/index.html.
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Thesis (MEng) - Swinburne University of Technology, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne - 2007.A thesis submitted for fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering, Industrial Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology - 2007. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-155).
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Garst, Sebastian, and n/a. "Design and production of polymer based miniaturised bio-analytical devices." Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20071003.082618.
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The aim to provide preventive healthcare and high quality medical diagnostics and
treatment to an increasingly ageing population caused a rapidly increasing demand for
point-of-care diagnostic devices. Disposables have an advantage over re-usable units
as cross-contamination is avoided, no cleaning and sterilising of equipment is required
and devices can be used out of centralised laboratories. To remain cost-effective, costs
for disposables should be kept low. This makes polymer materials an obvious choice.
One method for the realisation of fluidic micro devices is the stacking of several
layers of microstructured polymer films. Reel-to-reel manufacturing is a promising
technique for high-volume manufacturing of disposable polymer bio-analytical
devices. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and cycloolefin copolymer (COC) were
selected as suitable polymer substrate materials and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) as
membrane layer.
Bonding of polymer films with the help of adhesives carries the risk of channel
blocking. Despite this drawback, no other method of bonding PDMS to a structural
layer could be identified. Bonding with solvents avoids channel blocking issues, but
adversely affects biocompatibility.
Thermal diffusion processes enable bonding of COC and PET without the use of any
auxiliary material. The extensive process times requires for thermal diffusion bonding
can be considerably shortened by pre-treating the material with plasma or UV
exposure. Welding with the use of a laser energy absorbing dye was demonstrated to
be particularly suitable for selective bonding around channels and reservoirs.
None of the assessed bonding methods provide a generic solution to all bonding
applications. Instead, the selection of an appropriate technique depends on the
intended application and the required level of biocompatibility. Since this selection
has implications on the feasibility and reliability of microfluidic structures on the
device, design rules which ensure design for production have to be established and
followed.
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Draper, Neil. "Microfabrication of Bio-Analytical Devices: Microelectrode Array and Traveling-Wave Electrophoresis." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4032.
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The need for potable water is increasing with the ever-increasing world population. Further development of fast, portable, and cost effective analytical tools is necessary in order to create diagnostic techniques capable of supporting the water needs of the world’s population. Within the last decade microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) technologies have increased the portability and speed of detection for aqueous samples. Photolithography techniques serve as a cost effective fabrication tool to create LOC electrodes on the micron scale.
An in-depth look at the fabrication process is undertaken in this paper in order to further the development of micro-scale detection techniques. An electrode array capable of detecting multiple targets within one aqueous sample was designed and fabricated. The electrode array was assessed for performance characteristics to determine if reproducibility is possible. The fabrication process was also detailed for a new chemical separation technique, traveling-wave electrophoresis (TWE). TWE could serve as a separation tool capable of separating out specific charged molecules for biological and chemical samples. The TWE device was assessed on the capabilities to move charged molecules.
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Shah, Pratikkumar. "Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Rapid Nanotoxicity Assessment In Vitro." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1834.
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Increasing useof nanomaterials in consumer products and biomedical applications creates the possibilities of intentional/unintentional exposure to humans and the environment. Beyond the physiological limit, the nanomaterialexposure to humans can induce toxicity. It is difficult to define toxicity of nanoparticles on humans as it varies by nanomaterialcomposition, size, surface properties and the target organ/cell line. Traditional tests for nanomaterialtoxicity assessment are mostly based on bulk-colorimetric assays. In many studies, nanomaterials have found to interfere with assay-dye to produce false results and usually require several hours or days to collect results. Therefore, there is a clear need for alternative tools that can provide accurate, rapid, and sensitive measure of initial nanomaterialscreening. Recent advancement in single cell studies has suggested discovering cell properties not found earlier in traditional bulk assays. A complex phenomenon, like nanotoxicity, may become clearer when studied at the single cell level, including with small colonies of cells. Advances in lab-on-a-chip techniques have played a significant role in drug discoveries and biosensor applications, however, rarely explored for nanomaterialtoxicity assessment. We presented such cell-integrated chip-based approach that provided quantitative and rapid response of cellhealth, through electrochemical measurements. Moreover, the novel design of the device presented in this study was capable of capturing and analyzing the cells at a single cell and small cell-population level. We examined the change in exocytosis (i.e. neurotransmitterrelease) properties of a single PC12 cell, when exposed to CuOand TiO2 nanoparticles. We found both nanomaterials to interfere with the cell exocytosis function. We also studied the whole-cell response of a single-cell and a small cell-population simultaneously in real-time for the first time. The presented study can be a reference to the future research in the direction of nanotoxicity assessment to develop miniature, simple, and cost-effective tool for fast, quantitative measurements at high throughput level. The designed lab-on-a-chip device and measurement techniques utilized in the present work can be applied for the assessment of othernanoparticles' toxicity, as well.
Books on the topic "Bio-analytical devices"
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Edwin, Oosterbroek R., and Berg A. van den, eds. Lab-on-a-chip: Miniaturized systems for (bio)chemical analysis and synthesis. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Bio-analytical devices"
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Farshchian, Bahador, Jeong Tae Ok, JaeJong Lee, and Sunggook Park. "3-D Integration of Micro-Gratings Into Bio-Analytical Devices." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11934.
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The ability to produce three-dimensional micro- and nanoscale features at low cost is desirable for many applications such as microfluidic devices, micro and nanomechanical systems, photonic crystals and diffractive optics. For example, micro and nanostructures patterned on the sidewalls of microfluidic devices allow better control over the wetting behavior of fluids flowing through the microchannel. In this study we report on a simple and effective process that allows direct integration of microstructures into a microfluidic device via a modified molding process. The key for the process is to use a thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) layer having microgratings as an intermediate stamp which was placed between a brass mold insert with microfluidic features and a PMMA sheet, which was followed by hot embossing. Using this method, we have demonstrated the formation of micropatterns on non-planar surfaces and at the sidewalls of microfluidic devices, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The designed process will fill the gap in current micro- and nanofabrication technologies in that most of the technologies allow for patterning only on planar substrates.
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Ajay, Rakhi Narang, Manoj Saxena, and Mridula Gupta. "Analytical model of gate underlap Double Gate Junctionless MOSFET as a bio-sensor." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdcsyst.2016.7570649.
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Starodub, N. F., V. G. Mel’nik, and O. M. Shmireva. "Instrumental Approaches and Peculiarities of Design of Stationary and Portable Analytical Devices for Determination of Bio- and Chemi-Luminescence." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2210.
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Wongwiwat, Plawut, Roger J. Narayan, and Yuan-Shin Lee. "Laser Micromachining Modeling and Laser Machined Surface Errors Prediction for Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7370.
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This paper presents an analytical modeling and laser micromachining technique of microchannel and micro-structures for bio-devices manufacturing and biomedical applications. The ablation of the laser micromachining with direct-write method has been modeled and simulated for micro-channels or microstructures in bio-devices microfabrication. In this paper, the analytical model was adapted from the linear function for beam propagation in our previous research by using the Gaussian function to improve modeling accuracy. Basically, the new laser ablation model based on Gaussian distribution, beam propagation modeling and Beer’s law were used to formulate and model the laser ablation phenomenon. After the simulation with MATLAB programming, the actual experiment on laser micromachining has been conducted to compare the simulated results with the actual ones. Finally, the purposed modeling technique can be applied in the surface error analysis and biomedical applications. The example case in this paper showed how the modeling could solve the complex phenomenon of the overlapping in laser micromachining.
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Moon, S. J., Seung S. Lee, Jae Y. Yun, Hong K. Nam, and Yeun T. Chi. "Micromachined DNA Manipulation Device Using Circular Multi-Electrode." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33541.
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Microfabricated DNA manipulation devices have a wide range of potential applications. In this paper, we present a new concept for efficient biological reaction and a DNA manipulation device with the reaction chamber, which consists of a center electrode and circular outer electrodes of a reaction unit. We verified the DNA manipulation concept by numerically simulating its operation, and experimenting with the fabricated device. This proposed complex micro reaction or micro analytical systems are generally composed of various components with different functionality within the micro DNA manipulation system. 2cm Square, entirely monolithic device has been fabricated with reaction chamber, circular type electrode, microfabricated heater and sensor. In the suggested reaction system, the charged bio-molecules, DNA, are manipulated by the charge of the electrode in a reaction unit. Controlling the induced dynamic electric field between the center electrode and the outer electrodes, Concentration (+2V) / Repulsion (−2V) / Manipulation (+1V∼−1V) of bio-molecules are enabled at a periphery of electrode. It has no moving parts, physically constructed wall and can be built in a disposable unit of micro devices, which can be fabricated by conventional MEMS technique at low cost. Moreover, we evaluate temperature control unit characteristics for biological analysis such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), isothermal reaction temperature control. The coefficient of temperature heat resistance and heater temperature characteristic is about 0.0043 and 100°C/sec, respectively.
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Kothari, Naman S., Mayank R. Porwal, and Mayur O. Kacholiya. "Design and Development of Mechanically Actuated Wheelchair Convertible to Bed." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-93368.
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Wheelchair design for patient safety and comfort has been one of the most concerned topics for practitioners of mechanical engineering and bio-engineers. In the present scenario of medical institutions, transferring of immobilized patients from bed to wheelchair and vice-versa for numerous chronic and emergency activities is a very labor intensive and tedious job. Various attempts have been made in addressing this problem. These were modeled using simple mechanical devices providing the conversion. But still the issue of easy and controlled transition of adjusting the position of wheelchair’s head and base part according to patient’s needs and its full conversion has not been modeled and devised completely. So arises the need for a suitable, efficient and complete designing and development of such a device. This paper focuses on the design and manufacturing of a safe, reliable and low cost wheelchair which is convertible to a bed and vice-versa using a novel mechanical actuation by the effort of a single person. It models out a process of development and evolution of a reliable and verified design. Key areas focused upon are compact and efficient transmission system, discrete angular control of head and leg space with efficient load distribution while optimizing the size, cost (initial, service and disposal) and weight of the device. Further, the model is analyzed and justified by applying Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods.
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Lee, Gwo-Bin. "Microfluidics and Their Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30164.
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Bio-micro-electro-mechanical-systems and microfluidic technologies combining knowledge from biology, analytical chemistry and miniaturization techniques have proven to be a promising approach to realize the concept of lab-on-a-chip, which perform a total analysis of a small amount of samples on a single chip. In this keynote paper, I am going to briefly introduce our previous works regarding several crucial microfluidic technologies including microfluidic focusing/switching and micro/nano-droplets formation. These technologies have been popular recently for microfluidic devices and systems. Several examples will be demonstrated, including micro flow cytometers for cell counting and sorting, and droplet formation chips for emulsion applications. The development of these technologies may be promising for biomedical applications.
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Jovanova, Jovana, and Mary Frecker. "Two Stage Design of Compliant Mechanisms With Superelastic Compliant Joints." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3825.
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The design of compliant mechanisms made of Nickel Titanium (NiTi) Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) is considered to exploit the superelastic behavior of the material to achieve tailored high flexibility on demand. This paper focuses on two-stage design optimization of compliant mechanisms, as a systematic method for design of the composition of the functionally graded NiTi material within the compliant mechanism devices. The location, as well as geometric and mechanical properties, of zones of high and low flexibility will be selected to maximize mechanical performance. The proposed two-stage optimization procedure combines the optimization of an analytical model of a single-piece functionally graded unit, with a detailed FEA of a continuous compliant mechanism. In the first stage, a rigid-link model is developed to initially approximate the behavior of the compliant mechanism. In the second stage the solution of the rigid-link problem serves as the starting point for a continuous analytical model where the mechanism consists of zones with different material properties and geometry, followed by a detailed FEA of a compliant mechanism with integrated zones of superelasticity. The two-stage optimization is a systematic approach for compliant mechanism design with functional grading of the material to exploit superelastic response in controlled manner. Direct energy deposition, as an additive manufacturing technology, is foreseen to fabricate assemblies with multiple single piece functional graded components. This method could be applied to bio-inspired structures, flapping wings, flexible adaptive structures and origami inspired compliant mechanisms.
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Canina, Marita. "Biodesign: Overcoming Disciplinary Barriers." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59458.
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A new discipline has been introduced into today’s multicultural scientific context — Biodesign. Behind the main philosophical concept of Biodesign is the human body; considered a psycho-biological unicum. Research activities aim at developing artificial devices which can be fully integrated into the human body, or rather into the prosthetic human being. During the last decade, the interest of design research and the study of solutions specifically focused on the human being gave rise to a number of disciplines characterized by the prefix “bio”, which comes from the Greek word for life. This prefix may refer to various thematic areas such as: engineering, medicine, architecture, physics and chemistry. These areas can be considered as already well-established disciplines. This means that these sectors have already reached certain solutions that led them to concentrate their efforts on an in-depth study of the human-being, in order to tackle what could be called the “bio” problem. Each discipline, therefore, performs research proposes new solutions, and discusses possible future scenarios in the light of its own particular philosophy. In design along with the other disciplines, a significant movement towards of renewal has been developing with human beings; with their bodies as the hub. The biodesigner, in an attempt to solve the medical-biological problems involved, makes use of industrial design methods, sharing their experience with interdisciplinary teams. Biodesign should not be considered merely design applied to medicine. It may indeed be more clearly defined as an entirely new discipline; whose use of an interdisciplinary approach and close cooperation with the medical-biological sciences are essential to its objective. Biodesign one of the most interesting fields of research currently under way, aimed at innovative application of biorobotic devices, that involves the design and use of new technology, such as MEMS and bioMEMS. This paper gives the research results that were developed in cooperation with two Faculties: Design and Engineering. The main research objective is to identify the intervention area and the role of industrial design in the micro (MEMS) and nanotechnology applications. In particular it’s fundamental in biorobotics to determine both the methodology and the right instruments needed. This paper is divided into two conceptual parts; the first is theoretical and the second is application driven. In the introductory analytical part, theoretical basis are put in order to show the importance of designer cooperation in the micro-technologies study and in their innovative applications. Designers can make cooperation amongst experts easier, co-ordinating design process’ among several research fields and skills. In the first part; problems, complexities, application fields and design methodologies connected to biorobotic devices are highlighted. The second part of the research is developed with the methodology defined by C. Fryling as “through (o by)”. This methodology is a research approach done throughout projects and lead by experience. One case history is used to demostrate such an approach.
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Gillispie, Aric M., and Evan C. Lemley. "Correlation of Mixing Efficiency and Entropy Generation Rate in a Square Cross Section Tee Junction Micromixer." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72288.
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The potential applications of micromixers continues to expand in the bio-sciences area. In particular, passive micromixers that may be used as part of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic testing devices are becoming commonplace and have application in developed, developing, and relatively undeveloped locales. Characterizing and improving mixing efficiency in these devices is an ongoing research effort. Micromixers are used in some lab-on-chip (LOC) devices where it is often necessary to combine two or more fluids into a mixed solution for testing or delivery. The simplest micromixer incorporates a tee junction to combine two fluid species in anti-parallel branches, with the mixed fluid leaving in a branch perpendicular to the incoming branches. Micromixers rely on two modes of mixing: chaotic advection and molecular diffusion. In micro-mixers flow is typically laminar, making chaotic advection occur only via induced secondary flows. Hence, micromixers, unless carefully designed, rely almost exclusively on molecular diffusion of fluid species. A well designed micromixer should exhibit significant chaotic advection; which is also a sign of large strain rates and large entropy generation rates. This paper describes the development of an analytical relationship for the entropy generation rate and the mixing efficiency as function of the outgoing branch Reynolds number. Though there has been extensive research on tee junctions, entropy generation, and the mixing efficiencies of a wide variety of micromixers, a functional relationship for the mixing efficiency and the entropy generation rate has not been established. We hypothesize a positive correlation between the mixing index and the entropy generation rate. The worked described here establishes a method and provides the results for such a relationship. A basic tee junction with square cross sections has been analyzed using computational fluid dynamics to determine the entropy generation rate and outgoing mixing efficiencies for Reynolds numbers ranging from 25–75. The mixing efficiency is determined at a location in the outgoing branch where the effects of molecular diffusive mixing is minimized and chaotic advective mixing is the focus. The entropy generation rate has been determined for the indicated range of Reynolds number and decomposed into its viscous and diffusive entropy terms. The functional relationships that have been developed are applicable for micromixer design and serve as a reference for more complex passive micromixer designs.