Journal articles: 'BIO ACTIVE GLASS'

1

Milly, Hussam, Frederic Festy, Timothy F. Watson, Ian Thompson, and Avijit Banerjee. "Enamel white spot lesions can remineralise using bio-active glass and polyacrylic acid-modified bio-active glass powders." Journal of Dentistry 42, no. 2 (February 2014): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.012.

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Thulasidas, Athira, and J. Babu. "Bio-active glass synthesis and coating: A review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 396 (August 29, 2018): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/396/1/012068.

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Madan, Natasha, Neeraj Madan, Vikram Sharma, Deepak Pardal, and Nidhi Madan. "Tooth remineralization using bio-active glass - A novel approach." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 2, no. 2 (May 2011): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2229411220110209.

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Ruiz Hernandez, Sergio E., Richard I. Ainsworth, and Nora H. de Leeuw. "Molecular dynamics simulations of bio-active phosphate-based glass surfaces." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 451 (November 2016): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2016.06.004.

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Banerjee, A., I. D. Thompson, and T. F. Watson. "Minimally invasive caries removal using bio-active glass air-abrasion." Journal of Dentistry 39, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.09.004.

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Sevim, I., and M. K. Kulekci. "Abrasive wear behaviour of bio-active glass ceramics containing apatite." Bulletin of Materials Science 29, no. 3 (June 2006): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706492.

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Kang, Eun-Tae, and Jong-Po Kim. "Conversion from a Bio-inert Glass to a Glass with Bio-active Layer by Heat-treatment in an Oxidation Atmosphere." Physics Procedia 48 (2013): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2013.07.008.

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Henao, John, Carlos Poblano-Salas, Mónica Monsalve, Jorge Corona-Castuera, and Oscar Barceinas-Sanchez. "Bio-active glass coatings manufactured by thermal spray: a status report." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 8, no. 5 (September 2019): 4965–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.07.011.

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Ghosh, Tamal Kanti, Debasis Pradip Mukherjee, and Sudip Kumar Das. "Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Active Glass-Ceramics Using Nano-Silica." Advanced Science Letters 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.6808.

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Ido, Kazuhiro, Yasutaka Matsuda, Takao Yamamuro, Hideo Okumura, Masanori Oka, and Haruki Takagi. "Cementless total hip replacement: Bio-active glass ceramic coating studied in dogs." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 64, no. 6 (January 1993): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453679308994582.

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Ghosh, Tamal Kanti, Debasis pradip Mukherjee, Uttam Kumar Ghorai, and Sudip Kumar Das. "Synthesis and crystallisation kinetics study of nano-Al2O3 containing bio-active glass-ceramics." Materials Today: Proceedings 11 (2019): 794–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.03.045.

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Huhtinen, Reeta, Susan Sandeman, Susanna Rose, Elsie Fok, Carol Howell, Linda Fröberg, Niko Moritz, Leena Hupa, and Andrew Lloyd. "Examining porous bio-active glass as a potential osteo-odonto-keratoprosthetic skirt material." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 24, no. 5 (February 6, 2013): 1217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4881-x.

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Nowacka, Maria, Anna Kowalewska, Anna Rygala, Dorota Kregiel, and Witold Kaczorowski. "Hybrid Bio-Based Silicone Coatings with Anti-adhesive Properties." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041381.

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Hybrid polysiloxanes and polysilsesquioxanes grafted with naturally occurring bioactive phytochemicals: eugenol and linalool, were synthesized and investigated with regard to their structure and properties. The two series of materials, differing in the type of inorganic structure and the content of active groups, were coated onto the surface of glass plates, and their antibiofilm activities against bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila were assessed by luminometry and fluorescence microscopy. Bioactivity was correlated with specific properties of the hybrid coatings (chemical structure, surface free energy and adhesiveness). The functionalized polysilsesquioxanes exhibited the most favorable anti-adhesive effects. Cell adhesion after 6 days of incubation, expressed as RLU/cm2, was significantly reduced (44 and 67 for, respectively, Z-E-100 and Z-L-100, compared to 517 for the control glass carrier). The surface stickiness of polysiloxane films deteriorated their anti-adhesion properties, despite the presence of a large amount of bioactive species.

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Banerjee, Avijit, Hiten Pabari, George Paolinelis, Ian D. Thompson, and Timothy F Watson. "An in vitro evaluation of selective demineralised enamel removal using bio-active glass air abrasion." Clinical Oral Investigations 15, no. 6 (October 13, 2010): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-010-0470-2.

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Milly, Hussam, Manoharan Andiappan, Ian Thompson, and Avijit Banerjee. "Bio-active glass air-abrasion has the potential to remove resin composite restorative material selectively." Applied Surface Science 303 (June 2014): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.165.

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Stan, George E., Teddy Tite, Adrian-Claudiu Popa, Iuliana Maria Chirica, Catalin C. Negrila, Cristina Besleaga, Irina Zgura, et al. "The Beneficial Mechanical and Biological Outcomes of Thin Copper-Gallium Doped Silica-Rich Bio-Active Glass Implant-Type Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111119.

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Silica-based bioactive glasses (SBG) hold great promise as bio-functional coatings of metallic endo-osseous implants, due to their osteoproductive potential, and, in the case of designed formulations, suitable mechanical properties and antibacterial efficacy. In the framework of this study, the FastOs®BG alkali-free SBG system (mol%: SiO2—38.49, CaO—36.07, P2O5—5.61, MgO—19.24, CaF2—0.59), with CuO (2 mol%) and Ga2O3 (3 mol%) antimicrobial agents, partially substituting in the parent system CaO and MgO, respectively, was used as source material for the fabrication of intentionally silica-enriched implant-type thin coatings (~600 nm) onto titanium (Ti) substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics, as well as the in vitro preliminary cytocompatibility and antibacterial performance of an alkali-free silica-rich bio-active glass coating designs was further explored. The films were smooth (RRMS < 1 nm) and hydrophilic (water contact angle of ~65°). The SBG coatings deposited from alkali-free copper-gallium co-doped FastOs®BG-derived exhibited improved wear performance, with the coatings eliciting a bonding strength value of ~53 MPa, Lc3 critical load value of ~4.9 N, hardness of ~6.1 GPa and an elastic modulus of ~127 GPa. The Cu and Ga co-doped SBG layers had excellent cytocompatibility, while reducing after 24 h the Staphylococcus aureus bacterial development with 4 orders of magnitude with respect to the control situations (i.e., nutritive broth and Ti substrate). Thereby, such SBG constructs could pave the road towards high-performance bio-functional coatings with excellent mechanical properties and enhanced biological features (e.g., by coupling cytocompatibility with antimicrobial properties), which are in great demand nowadays.

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Szewczyk, Sebastian, Alice Goyal, Mateusz Abram, Gotard Burdziński, Joanna Kargul, and Krzysztof Gibasiewicz. "Electron Transfer in a Bio-Photoelectrode Based on Photosystem I Multilayer Immobilized on the Conducting Glass." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 4774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094774.

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A film of ~40 layers of partially oriented photosystem I (PSI) complexes isolated from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae formed on the conducting glass through electrodeposition was investigated by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. The experiments were performed at a range of electric potentials applied to the film and at different compositions of electrolyte solution being in contact with the film. The amount of immobilized proteins supporting light-induced charge separation (active PSI) ranged from ~10%, in the absence of any reducing agents (redox compounds or low potential), to ~20% when ascorbate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol were added, and to ~35% when the high negative potential was additionally applied. The origin of the large fraction of permanently inactive PSI (65–90%) was unclear. Both reducing agents increased the subpopulation of active PSI complexes, with the neutral P700 primary electron donor, by reducing significant fractions of the photo-oxidized P700 species. The efficiencies of light-induced charge separation in the PSI film (10–35%) did not translate into an equally effective generation of photocurrent, whose internal quantum efficiency reached the maximal value of 0.47% at the lowest potentials. This mismatch indicates that the vast majority of the charge-separated states in multilayered PSI complexes underwent charge recombination.

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Szewczyk, Sebastian, Alice Goyal, Mateusz Abram, Gotard Burdziński, Joanna Kargul, and Krzysztof Gibasiewicz. "Electron Transfer in a Bio-Photoelectrode Based on Photosystem I Multilayer Immobilized on the Conducting Glass." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 4774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094774.

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A film of ~40 layers of partially oriented photosystem I (PSI) complexes isolated from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae formed on the conducting glass through electrodeposition was investigated by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. The experiments were performed at a range of electric potentials applied to the film and at different compositions of electrolyte solution being in contact with the film. The amount of immobilized proteins supporting light-induced charge separation (active PSI) ranged from ~10%, in the absence of any reducing agents (redox compounds or low potential), to ~20% when ascorbate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol were added, and to ~35% when the high negative potential was additionally applied. The origin of the large fraction of permanently inactive PSI (65–90%) was unclear. Both reducing agents increased the subpopulation of active PSI complexes, with the neutral P700 primary electron donor, by reducing significant fractions of the photo-oxidized P700 species. The efficiencies of light-induced charge separation in the PSI film (10–35%) did not translate into an equally effective generation of photocurrent, whose internal quantum efficiency reached the maximal value of 0.47% at the lowest potentials. This mismatch indicates that the vast majority of the charge-separated states in multilayered PSI complexes underwent charge recombination.

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Subbarao, C., P. Neelakantan, and CV Subbarao. "In vitro Biocompatibility Tests of Glass Ionomer Cements Impregnated with Collagen or Bioactive glass to Fibroblasts." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.36.3.gk80547w04504144.

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Aim and Design: To evaluate the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cement (GIC) impregnated with collagen or bioactive glass to BHK-21 fibroblasts in vitro. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate was used as the standard for comparison. Human maxillary central incisors (n=70) were instrumented with a rotary NiTi system and filled. Following resection of the apical 3mm, root end cavities were prepared and restored with conventional GIC (group 1) or GIC with 0.01%, 0.1% or 1% collagen (groups 2, 3, 4 respectively) or, 10%, 30 % or 50% bioactive glass (groups 5,6,7 respectively), or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (group 8). The root slices were incubated in tissue culture plates with BHK-21 fibroblast cell line. Phase contrast and scanning electron microscopes were used to score cell quantity, morphology and cell attachment. The data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA with Post Hoc Tukey HSD test (p = 0.05). Results and conclusions: Group 5 showed the highest scores which was significantly higher than all other groups (p<0.05) except group 8, with which there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Glass ionomer cement with 10% bioactive glass showed better adhesion and spreading of cells than glass ionomer cement with 0.01% collagen. The biocompatibility of collagen and bioactive glass was concentration dependent. The addition of bio active glass improved the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cement to fibroblasts better than addition of collagen.

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Mora, Tayouo, Boutevin, David, and Caillol. "Synthesis of Pluri-Functional Amine Hardeners from Bio-Based Aromatic Aldehydes for Epoxy Amine Thermosets." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183285.

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Most of the current amine hardeners are petro-sourced and only a few studies have focused on the research of bio-based substitutes. Hence, in an eco-friendly context, our team proposed the design of bio-based amine monomers with aromatic structures. This work described the use of the reductive amination with imine intermediate in order to obtain bio-based pluri-functional amines exhibiting low viscosity. The effect of the nature of initial aldehyde reactant on the hardener properties was studied, as well as the reaction conditions. Then, these pluri-functional amines were added to petro-sourced (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA) or bio-based (diglycidyl ether of vanillin alcohol, DGEVA) epoxy monomers to form thermosets by step growth polymerization. Due to their low viscosity, the epoxy-amine mixtures were easily homogenized and cured more rapidly compared to the use of more viscous hardeners (<0.6 Pa s at 22 °C). After curing, the thermo-mechanical properties of the epoxy thermosets were determined and compared. The isophthalatetetramine (IPTA) hardener, with a higher number of amine active H, led to thermosets with higher thermo-mechanical properties (glass transition temperatures (Tg and Tα) were around 95 °C for DGEBA-based thermosets against 60 °C for DGEVA-based thermosets) than materials from benzylamine (BDA) or furfurylamine (FDA) that contained less active hydrogens (Tg and Tα around 77 °C for DGEBA-based thermosets and Tg and Tα around 45 °C for DGEVA-based thermosets). By comparing to industrial hardener references, IPTA possesses six active hydrogens which obtain high cross-linked systems, similar to industrial references, and longer molecular length due to the presence of two alkyl chains, leading respectively to high mechanical strength with lower Tg.

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Ponnada, Naveena, Praveen D, Girija S. Sajjan, P. N. V. Manohar, B V Sindhuja, and K. Meghana Varma. "Biomaterials in endodontics: a review." International Journal of Dental Materials 05, no. 02 (2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37983/ijdm.2023.5204.

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Biomaterials have evolved over the past three decades and are relatively specialized, highly biocompatible, but low-strength dental materials. Bioactive materials can interact with living tissues or systems. The newly emerging bioactive category of dental materials has expanded clinical uses in restorative dentistry and endodontics. Examples of bioactive materials are Calcium Silicate containing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Portland cement); Calcium Silicate cements lacking aluminium and containing phosphate: Bioagrregate, iRoot SP and iRoot BP (Endosequence), Calcium Silicate cements containing predominantly Tricalcium Silicate: Bio-active Glass, Calcium Phosphate based materials: Tricalcium Phosphate, Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Phosphate cements and Calcium Aluminate based materials: GIC based luting cements; Bioactive Glass. Other biomimetic materials include Emdogain, Platelet Rich Plasma, Platelet Rich Fibrin, Bone grafts and barrier membranes. Thus, the objective of this review was to compare and review the composition, and properties of these bioactive materials in endodontics

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Milly, H., RS Austin, I. Thompson, and A. Banerjee. "In Vitro Effect of Air-abrasion Operating Parameters on Dynamic Cutting Characteristics of Alumina and Bio-active Glass Powders." Operative Dentistry 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-466-l.

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SUMMARY Minimally invasive dentistry advocates the maintenance of all repairable tooth structures during operative caries management in combination with remineralization strategies. This study evaluated the effect of air-abrasion operating parameters on its cutting efficiency/pattern using bio-active glass (BAG) powder and alumina powder as a control in order to develop its use as a minimally invasive operative technique. The cutting efficiency/pattern assessment on an enamel analogue, Macor, was preceded by studying the powder flow rate (PFR) of two different commercial intraoral air-abrasion units with differing powder-air admix systems. The parameters tested included air pressure, powder flow rate, nozzle-substrate distance, nozzle angle, shrouding the air stream with a curtain of water, and the chemistry of abrasive powder. The abraded troughs were scanned and analyzed using confocal white light profilometry and MountainsMap surface analysis software. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way and repeated-measures analysis of variance tests (p=0.05). The air-abrasion unit using a vibration mechanism to admix the abrasive powder with the air stream exhibited a constant PFR regardless of the set air pressure. Significant differences in cutting efficiency were observed according to the tested parameters (p<0.05). Alumina powder removed significantly more material than did BAG powder. Using low air pressure and suitable consideration of the effect of air-abrasion parameters on cutting efficiency/patterns can improve the ultraconservative cutting characteristics of BAG air-abrasion, thereby allowing an introduction of this technology for the controlled cleaning/removal of enamel, where it is indicated clinically.

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Bargavi, P., S. Chitra, D. Durgalakshmi, G. Radha, and S. Balakumar. "Zirconia reinforced bio-active glass coating by spray pyrolysis: Structure, surface topography, in-vitro biological evaluation and antibacterial activities." Materials Today Communications 25 (December 2020): 101253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101253.

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Hafez Yehia, Yehia, Amir Hafez Ibrahim, Eman Abou-auf, and Amira Farid Elzogbhi. "Clinical Evaluation of Bioactive Restorative Material versus Resin Modified Glass Ionomer in Cervical Restorations: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. D (January 5, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7952.

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Abstract: Objective: In the context of great attention given to fluoride containing restorative material and development of easily applied and reliable material for different clinical situations. This current study aimed to compare Bioactive resin-based composite (ACTIVA) to Resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) in cervical restorations. Materials and methods: Fuji II LC® capsules (conventional resin modified glass ionmer), or ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE™ (enhanced resin-modified glass-ionmer) with using Etch-Rite™ and Prime&Bond universal (universal adhesive system) were applied randomly in thirty anterior teeth and six premolars with class V cavities; all materials were applied according to manufacturers’ instructions. Restorations were evaluated at baseline (one week), after six months, and after 12 months by two blinded assessors using modified USPHS criteria. Results: The results in this study were ordinal data, so Mann-Whitney test was used to compare between tested materials. Freidman test was used to test the effect of time within tested materials. Kruskal Wallis test used to compare the interaction between variables for all tested parameters. The results were statistically significant when p≤0.05. There was no significant difference between interaction of both restorations and time in marginal discoloration (p=0.051), recurrent caries (p=1.00) and retention analysis (p=1.00), but there was a significant change in marginal adaptation (p=0.001), surface roughness (p=0.017), color change (p= 0.004) and surface luster (p=0.017) with 100 % survival rate in this study. Conclusions: Both conventional resin-modified glass ionmer and enhanced resin-modified glass ionomer are acceptable as intermediate restoration. Bioactive restorations proved to retain its esthetic characteristics over the conventional one. Bioactive restorations with an adhesive system can be used as long-term restoration in small-defined cavities, not in stress-bearing areas. Clinical relevance: Within the limitations of this study, ACTIVA BIO-ACTIVE Restorative showed similar results to FUJI II LC in class V cavity restorations.

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Tey, Jin Pin, Abdul Kariem Arof, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, and Mohamed Abdul Careem. "Activated Carbon from Bio-wastes of Durian Fruits as Active Material for Electrodes of Electric Double-layer Capacitors." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 18, no. 4 (December 28, 2015): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v18i4.225.

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In this study, bio-wastes from durian fruits such as seeds and shells have been used as precursor materials to prepare activated carbon (AC). While the applicability of a one-step method of impregnation-activation has been investigated for the activation of durian shells, a two-step method of carbonization-impregnation-activation has been tried for the durian seeds. Durian shells based AC (DSh-AC) was found to have a BET surface area () of 2004 m2 g-1 and the durian seeds based AC (DS-AC) had of 1176 m2 g-1. A new approach to electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) fabrication has been attempted to avoid the use of polymer binders and organic solvents in the electrodes by coating the electrode material directly on the separator. Instead of coating onto metal current collector, the AC was coated on a glass microfiber filter which was used as the separator to form the electrode. As an electrode material in the EDLC, DSh-AC performed well with a specific capacitance () between 72 and 82 F g-1 whereas the DS-AC showed lower values of between 64 and 70 F g-1. The reasonable good results indicate that the simple approach of device fabrication can also produce EDLCs with satisfactory performance parameters.

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UM, DUGAN, BAHRAM ASIABANPOUR, and JESUS JIMENEZ. "A FLEXIBLE MICRO MANUFACTURING SYSTEM FOR MICRO PARTS ASSEMBLY VIA MICRO VISUAL SENSING AND EAP BASED GRASPING." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 08, no. 02 (December 2009): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686709001730.

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In this paper, we developed a flexible micro workcell for micro part assembly and bio materials handling. The primary focus of the research is on the flexible manufacturing system that can handle parts in the size of 100 to 500 μm for various applications. Flexibility in micro assembly, though important, has not been examined in depth due to the complexity of micro operations of small parts. Micro gears, micro glass fibers or fragile bio materials require flexibility in gripping and haptic feedback control for further operation. To that end, we design grippers made out of electro active polymer, controlled by high precision micro manipulator for a novel micro assembly process, namely flexible micro assembly system (FMAS). The areas of research include micro/nano electro-mechanical system (MEMS) material and structure, micro sensor/actuator system, visual feedback control system, micro-robotic arm motion control and flexible micro-gripper system. In order to verify the functional aspect of the FMAS, we made micro mechanical gears fabricated via bulk micromachining technology for 3D micro vision capability and handling precision of micro robotic manipulator.

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Bița, Ana-Iulia, Iulian Antoniac, Marian Miculescu, George E. Stan, Lucia Leonat, Aurora Antoniac, Bujor Constantin, and Norin Forna. "Electrochemical and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Bio-Active Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering onto Biocompatible Mg-0.8Ca Alloy." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093100.

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The use of resorbable magnesium alloys in the design of implants represents a new direction in the healthcare domain. Two main research avenues are currently explored for developing or improving metallic biomaterials: (i) increase of their corrosion resistance by designed compositional and structural modifications, and (ii) functionalization of their surfaces by coating with ceramic or polymeric layers. The main objective of this work was to comparatively assess bio-functional coatings (i.e., highly-crystallized hydroxyapatite and silica-rich glass) deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) on a biodegradable Mg-0.8Ca alloy (0.8 wt.% of Ca). After probing their morphology (by scanning electron microscopy) and structure (by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction), the corrosion resistance of the RF-MS coated Mg-0.8Ca substrates was electrochemically tested (in synthetic biological media with different degrees of biomimicry), and their cytocompatibility was assessed in osteoblast and fibroblast cell cultures. By collective assessment, the most promising performances, in terms of mass loss (~7% after 12 days), hydrogen release rate (~6 mL/cm2 after 12 days), electrochemical corrosion parameters and cytocompatibility, were obtained for the crystalline HA coating.

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Bița, Ana-Iulia, Iulian Antoniac, Marian Miculescu, George E. Stan, Lucia Leonat, Aurora Antoniac, Bujor Constantin, and Norin Forna. "Electrochemical and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Bio-Active Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering onto Biocompatible Mg-0.8Ca Alloy." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093100.

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The use of resorbable magnesium alloys in the design of implants represents a new direction in the healthcare domain. Two main research avenues are currently explored for developing or improving metallic biomaterials: (i) increase of their corrosion resistance by designed compositional and structural modifications, and (ii) functionalization of their surfaces by coating with ceramic or polymeric layers. The main objective of this work was to comparatively assess bio-functional coatings (i.e., highly-crystallized hydroxyapatite and silica-rich glass) deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) on a biodegradable Mg-0.8Ca alloy (0.8 wt.% of Ca). After probing their morphology (by scanning electron microscopy) and structure (by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction), the corrosion resistance of the RF-MS coated Mg-0.8Ca substrates was electrochemically tested (in synthetic biological media with different degrees of biomimicry), and their cytocompatibility was assessed in osteoblast and fibroblast cell cultures. By collective assessment, the most promising performances, in terms of mass loss (~7% after 12 days), hydrogen release rate (~6 mL/cm2 after 12 days), electrochemical corrosion parameters and cytocompatibility, were obtained for the crystalline HA coating.

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Ruiz-Hernandez, Sergio E., Richard I. Ainsworth, and Nora H. de Leeuw. "A molecular dynamics study of the effect of water diffusion into bio-active phosphate-based glass surfaces on their dissolution behaviour." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 548 (November 2020): 120332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120332.

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Arshanitsa, Alexandr, Jevgenija Ponomarenko, Matiss Pals, Lilija Jashina, and Maris Lauberts. "Impact of Bark-Sourced Building Blocks as Substitutes for Fossil-Derived Polyols on the Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Networks." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 3503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173503.

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The hydrophilic extractives isolated from black alder (Alnus glutinosa) bark through hot water extraction were characterized as novel renewable macromonomers capable of forming polyurethane (PU) networks based on a commercial polyisocyanate, with partial or complete replacement of petroleum-derived polyol polyether. The bark-sourced bio-polyol mainly consists of the xyloside form of the diarylheptanoid oregonin, along with oligomeric flavonoids and carbohydrates, resulting in a total OH group content of 15.1 mmol·g−1 and a molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 750 g∙mol−1. The 31P NMR data confirmed a similar proportion of aliphatic OH and phenolic groups. Three-component PU compositions were prepared using polyethylene glycol (Mn = 400 g∙mol−1), bio-polyol (up to 50%), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which were pre-polymerized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution with tin organic and tertiary amine catalysts. The resulting mixture was cast and subjected to thermal post-curing. Calculation and experimental data confirmed the crosslinking activity of the bark-sourced bio-polyol in PU, leading to an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg), a decrease in sol fraction yield upon leaching of cured PU networks in THF, a significant increase in Young’s modulus and tensile strength. The macromonomers derived from bark promoted char formation under high temperature and oxidative stress conditions, limiting heat release during macromolecular network degradation compared to bio-polyol-free PU. It was observed that amine catalysts, which are active in urethane formation with phenolic groups, promoted the formation of PU with higher Tg and modulus at tensile but with less limitation of heat liberation during PU macromolecular structure degradation. The high functionality of the bark-derived bio-polyol, along with the equal proportion of phenolic and aliphatic OH groups, allows for further optimization of PU characteristics using three variables: increasing the substitution extent of commercial polyethers, decreasing the NCO/OH ratio, and selecting the type of catalyst used.

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Lehrecke, August, Cody Tucker, Xiliu Yang, Piotr Baszynski, and Hanaa Dahy. "Tailored Lace: Moldless Fabrication of 3D Bio-Composite Structures through an Integrative Design and Fabrication Process." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 10989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210989.

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This research demonstrates an integrative computational design and fabrication workflow for the production of surface-active fibre composites, which uses natural fibres, revitalises a traditional craft, and avoids the use of costly molds. Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are highly tunable building materials, which gain efficiency from fabrication techniques enabling controlled fibre direction and placement in tune with load-bearing requirements. These techniques have evolved closely with industrial textile processes. However, increased focus on automation within FRP fabrication processes have overlooked potential key benefits presented by some lesser-known traditional techniques of fibre arrangement. This research explores the process of traditional bobbin lace-making and applies it in a computer-aided design and fabrication process of a small-scale structural demonstrator in the form of a chair. The research exposes qualities that can expand the design space of FRPs, as well as speculates about the potential automation of the process. In addition, Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (NFRP) are investigated as a sustainable and human-friendly alternative to more popular carbon and glass FRPs.

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Wang, Li, Qun Feng Niu, Javier Soriano Camacho, and Tao Dong. "Evaluation of Optoelectronic Performance of Four Organic Photo Detectors Structures." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1991.

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Organic photosensor made of poly [N-9′′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′, 7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) are promising candidates for bio-sensing applications. This paper investigates the optoelectronic characteristics of 4 different structures through simulation, utilizing PCDTBT as the active absorption layer. The scheme 1 is formed by placing the PCDTBT layer on top of a SiO2layer, and then interdigitated electrodes made of aluminium are placed onto PCDTBT. As to the scheme 2, the semiconductor layer is placed between an aluminium layer (bottom) and glass (top) layer coated with thick transparent interdigitated electrodes made of indium tin oxide (ITO). Regarding to scheme 3, layers from bottom to top are SiO2, cathode, PCDTBT and anode. Cathode has the same area as SiO2and PCDTBT layers, but anode covers only partial of the semiconductor. Finally, in the scheme 4, the semiconductor layer is also placed over SiO2layer but here the anode and cathode are limiting the PCDTBT layer sides, having the same area for both sides. All schemes have same volume of semiconductor. The simulations have been realized in dark conditions and under light intensities 100 mW/cm2in the wavelength range of 400-550 nm. The best results were obtained for scheme 2, organic photoconductor with Metal-Semiconductor-Metal structure. For in this scheme which is under the conditions of 2 V bias, 500 nm wavelength and 100 mW/cm2illumination, the photocurrent, the internal and external quantum efficiency obtained were 8.53 μA, 88% and 45% respectively. As a conclusion, the scheme 2 Glass/PCDTBT/Aluminium with transparent electrodes has reached high performance desirable for bio-sensing.

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Skórczewska, Katarzyna, Joanna Szulc, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Anna Ligocka, and Sławomir Wilczewski. "Modification of Poly(vinyl chloride) with Bio-Based Cassia Oil to Improve Thermo-Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2023): 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072698.

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The purpose of this study was to modify plasticised PVC to obtain a material with antimicrobial properties and selected mechanical properties. Natural cassia oil (CO) was used to modify plasticised PVC materials. The modified material was produced by extrusion. The introduced modifier had a maximum concentration of 20 phr. Rheological and mechanical properties were evaluated, and the glass transition temperature was determined. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the agar diffusion method was investigated by analysing the growth inhibition zones against Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes. A favourable effect of the cassia oil content on the increase in antioxidant activity of the developed polymeric materials was found with an increase in the modifier content and the duration of action (30 days). The largest growth restriction zones were observed for L. monocytogenes, i.e., they showed the highest sensitivity to the modified material. The simultaneous decrease in modulus of elasticity, increase in elongation at break, and decrease in Tg indicate that the modifier has a plasticising effect on PVC. The developed material may find application as an active and/or functional material, especially as an emitter of antimicrobial agents, in the packaging used to store minimally processed food.

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Kolan, Krishna C. R., Albin Thomas, Ming C. Leu, and Greg Hilmas. "In vitro assessment of laser sintered bioactive glass scaffolds with different pore geometries." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2014-0175.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilize the selective laser sintering (SLS) process to fabricate scaffolds with complex pore shapes and investigate the effects of pore geometry in vitro. The pore geometry of scaffolds intended for use in bone repair is one of the most important parameters used to determine the rate of bone regeneration. Design/methodology/approach – Scaffolds with five different architectures, having approximately 50 per cent porosity, were fabricated with silicate (13–93) and borate (13–93B3)-based bioactive glasses using the SLS process. An established late-osteoblasts/early-osteocytes cell line was used to perform cell proliferation tests on the scaffolds. The cell-seeded scaffolds were incubated for two, four and six days followed by MTT assay to quantify the metabolically active cells. Findings – The results indicated that the cells proliferate significantly more on the scaffolds which mimic the trabecular bone architecture compared to traditional lattice structures. The surface roughness of the SLS-fabricated scaffolds drives the initial cell proliferation which is followed by curvature-driven cell proliferation. Originality/value – There have been very few studies on the effects of pore geometry on tissue growth and the existing reports do not provide clear indications. Instead of using bio-polymer or titanium-based scaffolds, we use bioactive glass scaffolds. The results obtained from this study add to the understanding of the effect of pore geometry on cell proliferation, which is based on the experimental data and analysis of the scaffolds’ surface curvature.

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Maraveas, Chrysanthos. "Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Covering Materials." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 6129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216129.

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The fundamental objective of the review article was to explore the ecological sustainability of greenhouse covering material based on the following themes; considerations for greenhouse materials, properties of polymers and glass, additives, fillers, stabilizers and reinforcements, performance, Ultraviolet (UV) transmittance, phase change materials (PCMs), and environmental sustainability. A comparison of various polymers (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, D-polymer, Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyolefins), and silica glasses illustrated that each type of greenhouse cladding material has its unique merits and limitations. The performance of silica glasses, PVC, polyolefins was influenced by weather, greenhouse design, plant under cultivation, percentage UV transmittance, incorporation of additives and stabilizers, reinforcements, and integration of photovoltaic panels into the greenhouse roof among other factors. Polymers can be customized to achieve 0%UV transmittance, slow-insecticide release, and anti-microbial properties. In contrast, glass materials are preferred based on suitable photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and near-infrared (NIR) reflection and less risk of photo-oxidation. From an ecological perspective, polymers can be recycled via mechanical and chemical recycling, closed-loop cycling, and polymerization of bio-based feedstock. However, post-consumer plastic films do not possess the same optical and energy properties as virgin polymers. The combined benefits of different polymers suggest that these materials could be adopted on a large scale over the long-term.

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Sunandhakumari, Vishnu, Arun Vidhyadharan, Aneesh Alim, Deepan Kumar, Jayakrishnan Ravindran, Aswathy Krishna, and Manoj Prasad. "Fabrication and In Vitro Characterization of Bioactive Glass/Nano Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composite Membranes for Guided Tissue Regeneration." Bioengineering 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering5030054.

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Background: Current resorbable and non-resorbable membranes act as a physical barrier to avoid connective and epithelial tissue downgrowth into the defect, favoring the regeneration of periodontal tissues. These conventional membranes possess many structural and bio-functional limitations. We hypothesized that the next-generation of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes for periodontal tissue engineering will be a biologically active, spatially designed nanofibrous biomaterial that closely mimics the native extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Methods: GTR membranes made of poly(ε-Caprolactone) with a molecular weight of 80,000 reinforced with different weight concentrations of nano-Hydroxyapatite/Bioactive glass (2%, 5%, 10%, 15%) is fabricated by the method of electrospinning. After fabrication, in vitro properties are evaluated. Results: The electrospun nanofibrous membranes possessed excellent mechanical properties initially and after one month of degradation in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Moreover, none of the fabricated membranes were found to be cytotoxic at lower concentrations and higher concentrations. Comparing the overall properties, PCL (poly(e-caprolactone)) + BG (Bioactive glass) 2% exhibited superior cell attachment and percentage of viable cells, increased fiber and pore diameter which satisfies the ideal properties needed for GTR membranes. Conclusion: Composite nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning are suitable for use as a GTR membrane and are a useful prototype for further development of a final membrane for clinical use.

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Iwaki, Masaya. "Ion Beam Modification of Carbon Materials." Solid State Phenomena 107 (October 2005): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.107.107.

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A study has been made of surface properties of carbon materials modified by ion beams. Substrates used were natural diamonds, glass-like carbon plates and polymer sheets. Ion species were chemically-active elements such as C, N and O, inert gas elements such as He, Ne and Ar, and metallic elements such as Cr and Ti. It was found that diamond becomes electrically conductive in ion implanted layers, which are amorphous or graphite-like structures. Electrical conductivity depends on implanted species, doses and target temperatures. It was found that glass-like carbon consisting of graphite and disordered graphite becomes amorphous due to ion beam bombardment. Amorphization causes the wear resistance to improve. The electrochemical properties changes depending on implanted species. The wear resistance and electrochemical properties depended on the target temperature during ion implantation. Ion beam bombardment to polymers has been carried out to control the electrical conductivity, cell adhesion and bio-compatibility. The electrical conductivity of polyimide films increases as the dose increases. The saturated sheet resistivity of implanted layers depends on ion species, dose and dose rate. It was found that the cell adhesion can be controlled by ion beam bombardment. The results were used in the fields of clinical examinations. In summary, ion beam bombardment to carbon materials is useful to control the carbon structures and surface properties depending on ion implantation conditions.

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Zhang, Yan-min-zi, Meng-yao Huang, Jun Zhou, Da-zhe Li, and Yi Lei. "Synthesis and characterization of a chalcone-derived epoxy containing pyrazoline ring with excellent flame resistance." High Performance Polymers 33, no. 7 (February 16, 2021): 785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008321993523.

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Traditional epoxy resins are made by the reaction of petroleum-based bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. The disadvantages of these petroleum-based epoxy including certain biological toxicity and flammability. To solve these problems, we first synthesized a diphenol compound 3,5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline (TPP), which was prepared by condensation reaction of bio-based chalcone with hydrazine hydrate to replace standard petroleum-based bisphenol A. Then it was condensed with epichlorohydrin under alkaline condition to form a fully aromatic pyrazoline ring epoxy (TPP-EP). For further research, we use 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the curing agent. When compared with bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA/DDM), TPP-EP/DDM possessed a higher glass transition temperature (233°C vs. 176°C), and even showed that the residual carbon (in N2) and the storage modulus (at 30°C) increased by 201% and 74%, respectively. What’s more, TPP-EP/DDM system also had good inherent flame retardancy. The limiting oxygen index of TPP-EP/DDM was 33.1, reaching the V-0 level tested by UL-94. From the cone test, the THR, p-HRR, p-SPR and TSP values of TPP-EP/DDM systems also showed different degrees of reduction. Since TPP-EP contained tertiary amine active groups that could be used as a kind of catalytic curing agents for epoxy resins, thus the compound had certain self-curing properties. This work was of great significance for the synthesis of pyrazoline bio-based environmentally friendly flame-retardant epoxy resin.

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Das, Tarak, Pratik Das, and Piyali Basak. "Study and characterization of bio-active glass coating composite with and without hydroxyapatite on titanium and SS316L to regenerate supporting bony growth to established better bonding and stability." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 410 (September 24, 2018): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/410/1/012017.

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Gut, Kazimierz. "Broadband differential interference in a waveguide with a gradient refractive index distribution." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i3.1157.

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The paper presents a model of a planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer with a gradient refractive index distribution. Its response to the change in the refractive index of the waveguide cover layer is presented. The analysis was performed for the wavelength range from 0.5um to 0.7um. The orthogonal TE0 and TM0 modes propagating in this wavelength range are considered. The influence of the coverage refractive index change on the output characteristics of the system is shown. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Kozma, F. Kehl, E.Ehrentreich-Forster, C. Stamm and F.F. Bier, "Integrated planar optical waveguide interferometer biosensors: A comparative review", Biosens. Bioelectron. 58, 287 (2014), CrossRef M. Kitsara, K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, and E. Makarona, "Integrated optical frequency-resolved Mach-Zehnder interferometers for label-free affinity sensing", Opt. Express 18, 8193 (2010). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, A. Salapatas, E. Makarona, A. Bostials, et al., "Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation", Opt. Express 22, 8856 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, E. Makarona, A. Botsialas, A. Salapatas, et al, "All-silicon monolithic Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a refractive index and bio-chemical sensor", Opt. Express 22, 26803 (2014) CrossRef K. Misiakos, E. Makarona, M. Hoekman, R. Fyrogenis, K. Tukkiniemi, et al., "All-Silicon Spectrally Resolved Interferometric Circuit for Multiplexed Diagnostics: A Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip Integrating All Active and Passive Components", ACS Photonics 6, 1694 (2019). CrossRef E. Makarona, A. Salapatas, I. Raptis, P. Petrou, S. Kakabakos, et al., "Broadband Young interferometry for simultaneous dual polarization bioanalytics", J Opt Soc Am B 34, 1691 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Broad-band difference interferometer as a refractive index sensor", Opt. Express 25, 3111 (2017), CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials 9, 729 (2019), CrossRef T. Pustelny, J. Ignac-Nowacka and Z. Opilski, "Optical investigations on layered metalphthalocyanine nanostructures affected by NO2 applying the surface plasmon resonance method", Opt. Appl. 34, 563 (2004). CrossRef W. Lukosz, Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. "Integrated optical chemical and direct biochemical sensors", 29, 37 (1995). CrossRef Z. Qi, S. Xia and N. Matsuda, "Spectropolarimetric interferometer based on single-mode glass waveguides", Opt. Express, 16, 2245 (2008). CrossRef K. Gut, A. Zakrzewski, T. Pustelny, "Sensitivity of Polarimetric Waveguide Interferometer for Different Wavelengths", Acta Phys. Pol. 118, 1140 (2010). CrossRef J.E. Broquin, S. Honkanen, "Integrated Photonics on Glass: A Review of the Ion-Exchange Technology Achievements", Appl.Sci. 11, 4472 (2021). CrossRef G.C. Righini, J. Linares, "Active and Quantum Integrated Photonic Elements by Ion Exchange in Glass", Appl.Sci. 11, 5222 (2021). CrossRef

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Podio, Natalia S., Mariana S. Lingua, Daniel A. Wunderlin, and María V. Baroni. "How Can the Combination of Pasta and Wine Affect the Digestibility of Polyphenols? A Simulated Digestion Study to Assess the Meal Antioxidant Properties." Proceedings 70, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods_2020-07679.

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There is limited information about how the co-digestion of different food matrices can affect the digestibility, bioaccessibility, and, hence, the effectiveness of their health beneficial compounds, such as polyphenols. This work aimed to study the effect of the co-digestion of a whole-wheat pasta dish and a glass of red wine on their individual antioxidant properties. Thus, changes in the total polyphenol content by Folin Ciocalteu, phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and in vitro antioxidant capacity (AC) by ABTS and FRAP methods were evaluated before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestions. Additionally, a final step of dialysis was included to verify the fraction of polyphenols that are potentially bioaccessible. Separate digestions of pasta and wine were used as controls. The results showed that the co-digestion increased the AC of the bioavailable fraction (measured by ABTS) with respect to the sum of the individual digestions. Moreover, differences in the bioaccessibility of some phenolics were also found, with an increase of 4 compounds characteristic of pasta and 5 of wine. This study shows that the co-ingestion of pasta and wine improves the antioxidant properties of individual food/beverage, pointing out the importance of further studies on co-digestion with different combinations of food/beverages containing bio-active compounds.

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Sagnelli, Cavanagh, Xu, Swainson, Blennow, Duncan, Taresco, and Howdle. "Starch/Poly (Glycerol-Adipate) Nanocomposite Film as Novel Biocompatible Materials." Coatings 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2019): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080482.

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Starch is one of the most abundant polysaccharides on the earth and it is the most important source of energy intake for humans. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is also widely used for new bio-based materials. The blending of starch with other molecules may lead to new interesting biodegradable scaffolds to be exploited in food, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. In this work, we used native starch films as biopolymeric matrix carriers of chemo enzymatically-synthesized poly (glycerol-adipate) (PGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to produce a novel and biocompatible material. The prototype films had a crystallinity ranging from 4% to 7%. The intrinsic and thermo-mechanical properties of the composite showed that the incorporation of NPs in the starch films decreases the glass transition temperature. The utilization of these film prototypes as the basis for new biocompatible material showed promise, particularly because they have a very low or even zero cytotoxicity. Coumarin was used to monitor the distribution of the PGA NPs in the films and demonstrated a possible interaction between the two polymers. These novel hybrid nanocomposite films show great promise and could be used in the future as biodegradable and biocompatible platforms for the controlled release of amphiphilic and hydrophobic active ingredients.

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Chen, Jun, Jinxia Wu, Qingyu Wu, and Zhangli Hu. "Biosynthesis and Secretion of Human Tissue Kallikrein in Transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Marine Drugs 16, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120493.

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The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was recently been shown to be an effective bio-manufacturing platform for the production of recombinant proteins. The advantage of using C. reinhardtii is that it is fast to grow, inexpensive to culture, and relatively safe. However, the expression of foreign proteins is always low and difficult to purify in C. reinhardtii. Human kallikrein has the potential to be developed into certain drugs, like insulin. Therefore, its biosynthesis is important to drug development. In this study, we synthesized the sg gene, a signal peptide sequence of alkaline phosphatase, and inserted it into a pH124 plasmid, which contains a HSP70A-RBCS2 promoter and a RBCS2 terminator. Then, we inserted the human kallikrein gene klk1 behind the sg sequence to make a pHsgk124 vector. The pHsgk124 were transferred into a cell-wall deficient strain of C. reinhardtii, cc-503, by using the glass bead method. Southern blot analysis showed that sg and klk1 were incorporated into genes of the transgenic C. reinhardtii. RT-PCR analysis showed that it had an active transcription and its expression increased three times under heat stress. Western blot analyses of proteins inside and outside cells (in the culture medium) showed that klk1 was expressed in the cell and the resulting protein was secreted into medium. An enzyme activity assay showed that the recombinant protein had the ability to hydrolyze the specific substrate H-D-Val-Leu-Arg-Pna. In conclusion, we successfully bioengineered C. reinhardtii to produce and secrete human kallikrein protein, which has important biomedical implications.

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Kunert, Marta, and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska. "Bio-Inductive Materials in Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping—A Review Article." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051204.

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The article is aimed at analyzing the available research and comparing the properties of bio-inductive materials in direct and indirect pulp capping procedures. The properties and clinical performances of four calcium-silicate cements (ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, RetroMTA, Biodentine), a light-cured calcium silicate-based material (TheraCal LC) and an enhanced resin-modified glass-ionomer (ACTIVA BioACTIVE) are widely discussed. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo data revealed that, currently, the most validated material for pulp capping procedures is still MTA. Despite Biodentine’s superiority in relatively easier manipulation, competitive pricing and predictable clinical outcome, more long-term clinical studies on Biodentine as a pulp capping agent are needed. According to available research, there is also insufficient evidence to support the use of TheraCal LC or ACTIVA BioACTIVE BASE/LINER in vital pulp therapy.

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Żmojda, J., D. Dorosz, M. Kochanowicz, and J. Dorosz. "Active glasses as the luminescent sources of radiation for sensor applications." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0040.

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Abstract The article presents physicochemical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of two different glass systems: TeO2-GeO2-PbO-PbF2- BaO-Nb2O5-LaF3 and SiO2-Al2O3-Sb2O3, co-doped with Yb3+/Tm3+ ions. Blue upconversion luminescence at a wavelength of 478 nm corresponding to the thulium 1G4 ⇥3H6 transition was observed under 976 nm pump radiation in both of the co-doped glasses. This indicated the existence of efficient Yb3+ ⇥ Tm3+ energy transfer via three-photon absorption mechanism. Thermal and optical results substantiate the claim for practical applicability of the manufactured glasses in design of optical fiber sources.

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Zhao, Guo, Mohammed Sedki, Shengcun Ma, Claudia Villarreal, Ashok Mulchandani, and David Jassby. "Bismuth Subcarbonate Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for the Sensitive Stripping Voltammetry Analysis of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in Water." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 6085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216085.

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In this paper, bismuth subcarbonate (BiO)2CO3-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite incorporated in Nafion matrix ((BiO)2CO3-rGO-Nafion) was synthesized and further applied, for the first time, in the sensitive detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). (BiO)2CO3 composite plays a key role in the improvement of the detection sensitivity, which can form multicomponent alloy with cadmium and lead. Additionally, the unique structure of rGO can enlarge the surface area and provide abundant active sites. Moreover, Nafion incorporation in the nanocomposite can effectively increase the adhesion and mechanical strength of the film, and further improve the preconcetration ability due to the cation-exchange capacity of its abundant sulfonate groups. As expected, the (BiO)2CO3-rGO/Nafion nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode ((BiO)2CO3-rGO-Nafion/GCE) achieved low detection limits of 0.24 μg/L for Pb(II) and 0.16 μg/L for Cd(II), in the linear range of 1.0–60 μg/L, and showed some excellent performance, such as high stability, good selectivity, and sensitivity. Finally, synthetic water samples were prepared and further used to verify the practicability of the (BiO)2CO3-rGO-Nafion/GCE with satisfactory results.

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Girsova M.A., Antropova T.V., Golovina G.F., Anfimova I.A., and Kurilenko L.N. "Influence of the chemical composition of the porous matrix and sintering atmosphere on the luminescent properties of bismuth-containing composites." Optics and Spectroscopy 131, no. 1 (2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2023.01.55521.4040-22.

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The spectral-optical and luminescence properties of bismuth-containing composite materials based on matrices of high-silica porous glasses are investigated. Luminescence spectra, luminescence excitation spectra, infrared transmission spectra (8000-4000 cm-1) depending on the composition of different types of matrices and sintering atmosphere (nitrogen, argon) of bismuth-containing composite materials were examined. It was found that the samples of bismuth-containing composite materials are characterized by UV (λem=350 nm), blue-green (λem=410-550 nm) and orange-red (λem=600-725 nm) luminescence due to the presence of various bismuth active centers. The analysis of the spectra obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of Bi2+ dimers of bismuth and bismuth active centers associated with silicon. Keywords: Bismuth-containing composite materials, high-silica porous glass, near-infrared spectroscopy, luminescence, bismuth active centers.

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Malinowski, Szymon, Cecylia Wardak, Justyna Jaroszyńska-Wolińska, P. Herbert, and Rafał Panek. "Cold Plasma as an Innovative Construction Method of Voltammetric Biosensor Based on Laccase." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124086.

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Development of new, faster methods of biosensor construction is a huge challenge for current science and industry. In this work, biosensor construction was carried out using a new soft plasma polymerization (SPP) method in which a bio-recognition layer of laccase enzyme was polymerized and bonded to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) substrate under atmospheric pressure with a corona discharge jet. Laccase belongs to the oxidoreductase enzyme group with four copper atoms in its active center. Application of the corona SPP plasma method allows reduction of the time needed for biosensor construction from several hours to minutes. The presented work includes optimization of the laccase bio-recognition layer deposition time, structural studies of the deposited laccase layer, as well as study of the fabricated biosensor applicability for the determination of Rutin in real pharmaceutical samples. This method produces a biosensor with two linear ranges from 0.3 μmol/dm3 to 0.5 μmol/dm3 and from 0.8 μmol/dm3 to 16 μmol/dm3 of Rutin concentration. Results shown in this work indicate that application of the one-step, corona SPP method enables biosensor construction with comparable analytical parameters to biosensors fabricated by conventional, multi-step, wet methods.

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Zaichuk, Oleksandr, Aleksandra Amelina, Yurii Hordieiev, Yuliia Kalishenko, Oleksandr Ovchynnykov, Yurii Basov, Anatolii Sanin, and Oleksii Kulyk. "Thermodynamic analysis of reactions of the celsian phase formation during the synthesis of thermal shock resistance ceramics based on eutectic glasses of the BaO–Al2O3–SiO2 system." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 3 (June 2023): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-148-3-63-71.

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The search for effective ways of obtaining densely sintered celsian ceramics at low firing temperatures usually requires a large volume of experimental research. The object of our research is the reactions of the formation of the celsian phase with the participation of glass components of eutectic compositions of the BaO–Al2O3–SiO2 system under low-temperature firing conditions. In this case, thermodynamic analysis was used as a tool to assess the probability of chemical reactions. This paper reports the results of theoretical and experimental studies into the features of the course of chemical reactions with the participation of glass components of eutectic compositions of the BaO–Al2O3–SiO2 system. It was revealed that once the stoichiometric ratio is maintained, the final product of the interaction between the components of eutectic glasses E-4, E-5 and E-6 with crystalline fillers is the celsian phase. The most probable is the formation of celsian when the components of eutectic glasses interact with Al2O32SiO2, which is a product of kaolinite (Al2O32SiO22H2O) dehydration. It was found that barium orthosilicate, in comparison with other barium silicates, exhibits the highest activity when interacting with charging components in the direction of formation of the сelsian phase already at the temperature of 7500С. At the temperature of 9000C, such a composition is noted to have an active transition of hexagonal celsian to monoclinic celsian. As a result, the content of monoclinic celsian increases significantly. The determined patterns allow making a reasonable choice of glasses in the BaO–Al2O3–SiO2 system with the lowest melting temperatures for the subsequent production of low-temperature сelsian ceramics.

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Villa, Carlos Hipolito, Colin F. Greineder, Ian Johnston, Daniel Pan, Ronald Carnemolla, Douglas B. Cines, Mortimer Poncz, Don L. Siegel, and Vladimir R. Muzykantov. "Thrombomodulin Fusion Proteins Coupled to Human Erythrocytes Demonstrate Anti-Thrombotic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3493.3493.

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Abstract Introduction: We previously demonstrated prolonged circulation and improved efficacy of erythrocyte (red blood cell, RBC) coupled thrombomodulin (TM) fusion proteins as thromboprophylactic and anti-inflammatory agents. To further this therapeutic platform, we produced humanized analogues and investigated their efficacy in models where RBC-coupling may provide not only a pharmacokinetic advantage, but also a pharmacodynamic advantage by local delivery to RBC membranes. Previous fusions were constructed with mouse TM fused to single-chain variable fragments (scFv) of a rat-derived anti-glycophorin A antibody. Therefore, to produce clinically translatable therapeutic fusion proteins, modification of both cargo and targeting moiety are necessary for use in humans to render them non-immunogenic and capable of binding to human RBCs. We aimed to use human-like antibodies against high-prevalence antigens, fuse these antibodies to the extracellular domain of TM, confirm their binding and enzymatic activity, and demonstrate their efficacy in whole-blood models of human vascular pathology. Methods: An IgG Fab phage display library was prepared from a Rhesus macaque immunized with human RBCs. By panning on intact RBCs, Fab/phage specific for human RBCs were identified. We selected two clones from this library, one against a high-prevalence Band 3 antigen (Wright B (Wrb), Diego blood group, >106 copies/RBC) and one against a high-prevalence RhCE antigen (Rh17, Rhesus blood group, ~105 copies/RBC). The variable chain sequences of these antibodies were cloned into a scFv construct and fused to the extracellular domain of human TM. Fusion proteins were produced in S2 cells using a metallothionein promoter expression system. The soluble extracellular domain of human TM was similarly cloned and produced as a control. Binding of the fusions to RBCs was measured by indirect agglutination and by ELISA with immobilize erythrocyte ghosts. Activity of the TM fusions was measured by colorimetric cleavage of an APC substrate. Adverse effects of fusions on RBCs were investigated in a model of osmotic stress in hypotonic saline as well as mechanical integrity against agitation with glass beads. Assays of endothelial protection were performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) activated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF-α, heme, and HMGB1. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for IL-6, IL-8, and vWF. An endothelialized, whole-blood microfluidic platform was developed using the Bio-Flux (Fluxion) microfluidic system. Models of vascular pathology included TNF-α activation of the endothelialized channels as well as localized, light-induced injury with hematoporphyrin. Results: We successfully produced fusion proteins of human TM and human-like scFv antibody derivatives capable of specifically binding to human RBCs (Figure 1, a). The fusions demonstrated affinities suitable for translation, and enabled comparison of different levels of surface loading. The scFv/TM fusions did not induce direct RBC agglutination, and did not have adverse effects on RBC integrity under osmotic and mechanical stress. The fusions maintained similar enzymatic activity to their soluble TM counterparts (Figure 1, b) and remained active when bound to RBCs (Figure 1, c). The TM fusions also demonstrated efficacy in protection of HUVECs against activation by inflammatory mediators such as LPS and thrombin (Figure 1, d-f), both as soluble proteins and when bound to RBCs. In a whole-blood endothelialized microfluidic system, the fusions reduced fibrin deposition and channel occlusion in activated and injured endothelium. Figure 1 - (a) hTM-Wrb binds specifically to human RBC with detectable binding at <10nM. hTM-Wrb maintains its acivity both as (b) soluble enzyme and (c) when bound to RBCs. (d) hTM-Wrb decreases LPS-induced IL-8 production by HUVEC and (e) decreases thrombin mediated injury of HUVEC monolayers and (f) s ubsequent inflammatory activation. Conclusion: Thrombomodulin was successfully coupled to human RBCs by fusion to human-like antibodies against high-prevalence epitopes. The RBC-coupled TM maintained its anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activity without adversely affecting RBC integrity, and had therapeutic activity in a microfluidic model of vascular pathology. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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