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Academic literature on the topic 'Binocular rivalry'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Binocular rivalry"

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Blake, R. "Binocular rivalry." Journal of Vision 11, no. 15 (December 21, 2011): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.15.76.

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Norcia, Anthony M. "Binocular Rivalry." Optometry and Vision Science 82, no. 9 (September 2005): 797–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.opx.0000178359.16782.15.

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Blake, Randolph, and Frank Tong. "Binocular rivalry." Scholarpedia 3, no. 12 (2008): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.1578.

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Clifford, Colin W. G. "Binocular rivalry." Current Biology 19, no. 22 (December 2009): R1022—R1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.006.

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Lee, Sang-Hun, and Randolph Blake. "Rival ideas about binocular rivalry." Vision Research 39, no. 8 (April 1999): 1447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00269-7.

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Harrad, Richard A., Suzanne P. McKee, Randolph Blake, and Yuede Yang. "Binocular Rivalry Disrupts Stereopsis." Perception 23, no. 1 (January 1994): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230015.

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Does the shift from binocular rivalry to fusion or stereopsis take time? We measured stereoacuity after rivalry suppression of one half-image of a stereoacuity line target. After the observer signalled that the single stereo half-image had been suppressed, the other half-image was presented for a variable duration. Stereoacuity thresholds were elevated for 150–200 ms. A control experiment demonstrated that the threshold elevation was due to rivalry suppression per se, rather than masking effects associated with the rivalry-inducing target. Monocular Vernier thresholds, measured as the smallest identifiable abrupt shift in the upper line of an aligned Vernier target that had previously been suppressed by rivalry, were elevated for a much longer duration. This result shows that an appropriately matched stereo pair can break rivalry suppression more easily than can monocular changes in position. With the aid of a similar paradigm, we also measured the duration needed to detect a disparate feature in a random-dot stereogram after rivalry suppression of one half-image of the stereogram. Observers could correctly identify the location of the disparate feature (upper or lower visual field) when the other half-image was presented for a duration ranging from 150–650 ms. In the absence of the matching half-image, the first half-image was suppressed by the rival target for a far longer duration (a few seconds). These findings show that although stereopsis and fusion terminate rivalry, both are initially disrupted for a few hundred milliseconds by rivalry suppression.
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Hasegawa, Yosuke, and Kazuo Bingushi. "Binocular stereopsis loss by binocuclar correspondent rivalry." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 83 (September 11, 2019): 2C—031–2C—031. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.83.0_2c-031.

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KAKIMOTO, YUTA, and KAZUYUKI AIHARA. "HIERARCHICAL SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF A CHAOTIC NEURAL NETWORK FOR MULTISTABLE BINOCULAR RIVALRY." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 05, no. 01 (March 2009): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005709001301.

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Binocular rivalry is perceptual alternation that occurs when different visual images are presented to each eye. Despite the intensive studies, the mechanism of binocular rivalry still remains unclear. In multistable binocular rivalry, which is a special case of binocular rivalry, it is known that the perceptual alternation between paired patterns is more frequent than that between unpaired patterns. This result suggests that perceptual transition in binocular rivalry is not a simple random process, and the memories stored in the brain can play an important role in the perceptual transition. In this study, we propose a hierarchical chaotic neural network model for multistable binocular rivalry and show that our model reproduces some characteristic features observed in multistable binocular rivalry.
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Freeman, Alan W., and Vincent A. Nguyen. "Controlling binocular rivalry." Vision Research 41, no. 23 (October 2001): 2943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00181-x.

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de Weert, Charles M. M., and Nicholas J. Wade. "Compound binocular rivalry." Vision Research 28, no. 9 (January 1988): 1031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(88)90080-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Binocular rivalry"

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Hancock, Sarah. "Perceptual mechanisms underlying binocular rivalry." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437581.

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Li, David Fengming. "THE INITIATION OF BINOCULAR RIVALRY." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1631.

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Binocular rivalry refers to the perceptual alternation that occurs while viewing incompatible images, in which one monocular image is dominant and the other is suppressed. Rivalry has been closely studied but the neural site at which it is initiated is still controversial. The central claim of this thesis is that primary visual cortex is responsible for its initiation. This claim is supported by evidence from four experimental studies. The first study (described in Chapter 4) introduces the methodology for measuring visual sensitivity during dominance and suppression and compares several methods to see which yields the greatest difference between these two sensitivities. Suppression depth was measured by comparing the discrimination thresholds to a brief test stimulus delivered during dominance and suppression phases. The deepest suppression was achieved after a learning period, with the test stimulus presented for 100 ms and with post-test masking. The second study (Chapter 5) compares two hypotheses for the mechanism of binocular rivalry. Under eye suppression, visibility decreases when the tested eye is being suppressed, regardless of the test stimulus’s features. Feature suppression, however, predicts that reduction of visibility is caused by suppression of a stimulus feature, no matter which eye is suppressed. Eye suppression claims that monocular channels in the visual system alternate between dominance and suppression, while Feature suppression assumes that the features of stimuli inhibit each other perceptually in the high-level cortex. The experiment used a test stimulus similar in features to one, but not the other, rivalry-inducing stimulus. Test sensitivity was found to be lowered when the test stimulus was presented to the eye whose rivalry-inducing stimulus was suppressed. Sensitivity was not lowered when the test stimulus was presented to the other eye, even when the test shared features with the suppressed stimulus. The conclusion is that feature suppression is weak or does not exist without eye suppression, and that rivalry therefore originates in the primary visual cortex. If binocular rivalry is initiated in the primary visual cortex, stimuli producing no coherent activity in that area should produce no rivalry. In the third study (Chapter 6) this idea was tested with rotating arrays of short-lifetime dots. The dots with the shortest lifetime produced an image with no rotation signal, and an infinite lifetime produced rigid rotation. Subjects could discriminate the rotation direction with high accuracy at all but the shortest lifetime. When the two eyes were presented with opposite directions of rotation, there was binocular rivalry only at the longest lifetimes. Stimuli with short lifetimes produce a coherent motion signal, since their direction can be discriminated, but do not produce rivalry. A simple interpretation of this observation is that binocular rivalry is initiated at a level in the visual hierarchy below that which supports the motion signal. The model supported by the results of previous chapters requires that binocular rivalry suppression be small in the primary visual cortex, and builds up as signals progress along the visual pathway. This model predicts that for judgements dependent on activity in high visual cortex: 1. Binocular rivalry suppression should be deep; 2. Responses should be contrast invariant. The fourth and last study (chapter 7) confirmed these predictions by measuring suppression depth in two ways. First, two similar forms were briefly presented to one eye: the difference in shapes required for their discrimination was substantially greater during suppression than during dominance. Second, the two forms were made sufficiently different in shape to allow easy discrimination at high contrast, and the contrast of these forms was lowered to find the discrimination threshold. The results in the second experiment showed that contrast sensitivity did not differ between the suppression and dominance states. This invariance in contrast sensitivity is interpreted in terms of steep contrast-response functions in cortex beyond the primary visual area. The work in this thesis supports the idea that binocular rivalry is a process distributed along the visual pathway. More importantly, the results provide several lines of evidence that binocular rivalry is initiated in primary visual cortex.
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Zwan, Rick van der. "Possible neural substrates for binocular rivalry." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28543.

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Binocular rivalry is the perceptual consequence of dichoptic input which is not congruent between both visual inputs. There is some evidence, both theoretical and empirical, that the perception of binocular rivalry is mediated by interactions between binocular neurones, rather than by interactions between monocular neurones. This evidence suggests also a model of perception which predicts binocular rivalry as a consequence of normal interactions between binocular neurones in a retinotopic array. This model accounts for rivalry without postulating any additional interconnections beyond those already thought to exist between binocular neurones simply assumes an orderly mapping of tuning characteristics across groups of cells, as is typically observed in visual cortex. On the basis of this model, and findings already reported, it was hypothesised that binocular rivalry reflects extrastriate rather than area V1 processing (no process so far attributed to area V1 has yet been reported to be affected by binocular rivalry). It was hypothesised also that area V2 was the most likely area in which such processing first arises. Area V2 has been associated with the perception of 'purely subjective contours'. It has been shown that some cells in area V2 are tuned for such contours, which are characterised by the absence of Fourier components at the orientation of the perceived contour, while no cells in area V1 have been found to be similarly sensitive (von der Heydt and Peterhans 1989). This characteristic of area V2 neurones enables purely subjective contours to be used to test the two hypotheses described above. Real contour tilt aftereffects, which are thought to arise in area V1, are not affected by rivalry during their induction. If purely subjective contour tilt aftereffects (Paradiso, Shimojo and Nakayama 1989) are subject to the same types of processing as their real contour counterparts, as suggested by the rationale and model of von der Heydt and Peterhans (1989), interactions between subjective contour tilt aftereffects and binocular rivalry should indicate the role, if any, of area V2 in rivalry. It was found that purely subjective contour tilt aftereffects (Experiment One) and tilt illusions (Experiment Four) exhibit angular functions like those observed for real contour tilt aftereffects and illusions. Just as for real contour effects, these functions can be described in terms of direct effects (Experiment Two) and indirect effects (Experiment Three), suggesting purely subjective contours are processed as if they were real contours. Unlike real contour direct effects, purely subjective contour direct and indirect effects are reduced in magnitude by periods of rivalry during their induction (Experiment Five). In keeping with their suggested extrastriate locus (eg. Wenderoth, van der Zwan and Williams 1993), the magnitude of a real contour indirect effect is also reduced by periods of rivalry occurring during its induction (Experiment Six). These results suggest that rivalry does arise first in area V2. If this is true then complete interocular transfer of the purely subjective aftereffect, induced with or without rivalry, should occur because area V2 is almost exclusively binocular. This proved not to be the case, however, suggesting the ocular dominance observed in most binocular cells has to be taken into account in any explanation of rivalry (Experiment Seven). This was tested using real contours and found to be the case. These last results suggested also that rivalrous interactions occur between groups of binocular neurones only in extrastriate cortex (Experiment Eight). This hypothesis was tested by examining the effect of binocular rivalry on the duration of the plaid motion aftereffect, which is thought to arise no earlier than area MT, a visual cortical area which is also thought to be almost exclusively binocular. It was found that rivalry did reduce the duration of plaid motion aftereffects but not linear motion aftereffects, and that the impact of rivalry might be linked to plaid sensitive cells in area MT, although this last conclusion is tenuous (Experiments Nine and Ten). Finally, it was shown also that the magnitude of the reduction in duration of the aftereffect was proportional to the predominance of the plaid stimulus during rivalry, a finding which supports the mechanism of rivalry suggested by the binocular model. The results together suggest that binocular rivalry does arise through binocular interactions, but that such interactions cannot be attributed to a single cortical area. All groups of binocular neurones may be subject to the processes that ultimately give rise to the perception of rivalry, a conclusion which does not invalidate the binocular model of rivalry. This has some consequences for binocular vision, particularly stereopsis, which might occur qualitatively during binocular rivalry.
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Wong, Elaine Min Yen. "The dynamics of interocular suppression." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28169.

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When the two eyes are presented with dissimilar images, the brain has to select one percept for awareness while suppressing the other. Interocular suppression describes the loss of Visibility of one image in favour of its competitor, and can be seen as a mechanism for understanding how, why, and Where percept selection occurs within the Visual system. This thesis addresses how and where interocular suppression takes place. By comparing the time courses of interocular With intraocular suppression, that is, Visibility loss due to conflicting images presented to only one eye, the major goal of the thesis is to show that interocular suppression occurs in two stages along the visual pathway. Four lines of experimental evidence are presented. When Viewing a monocular conditioning stimulus, the abrupt onset of a brief stimulus to the opposite eye results in a switch in perception to the new stimulus. This phenomenon is known as flash suppression. The first study (Chapter 4) investigated flash suppression under monocular and dichoptic viewing conditions to provide the intraocular and interocular time courses, respectively. This was carried out by probing Visual sensitivity to a test stimulus before, during, and after the appearance of the flash stimulus. The time course measured was the variation of threshold across time. The intraocular time course had a single elevation, a transient peak occurring Close to the time the flash stimulus was introduced. The interocular time course, on the other hand, had two elevations: the first peak was similar to that of the intraocular time course, and the second was a sustained peak starting about 100 ms later. The second study (Chapter 5) used visual masking as a technique for eliciting intraocular and interocular suppression, through monocular and dichoptic masking, respectively. In the dichoptic masking condition, one eye was presented with a masking stimulus for 100 ms. After a varying inter-stimulus interval, a brief test stimulus was presented to the other eye. The contrast threshold of the test stimulus was measured for each inter-stimulus interval. For monocular masking, both masking and test stimuli were presented to the same eye. The results showed a two-staged time course for interocular suppression, which was not apparent in intraocular suppression. Additionally, interocular suppression was more prolonged than intraocular suppression. The third study (Chapter 6) measured suppression using a different approach to the first and second studies. The experiment investigated crossorientation interactions using a stream of rapidly-changing grating orientations displayed to one eye and an independent stream to the other eye. One orientation was nominated as the target, and participants pressed a key when they saw the target. Using a reverse correlation technique, probability densities of two orientations were found. The first, 61, preceded the key-press by the reaction time, and the second, 02, preceded 61 by several hundreds of milliseconds. Analysis of the data examined the cross-orientation interactions between 6] and 92 for grating streams presented to the same eye (intraocular effect), and to different eyes (interocular effect). Despite the differences in experimentation methods between this and the masking study, the prolonged interocular suppression time course was once again apparent in the cross-orientation experiments.
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Webber, Matthew. "Stochastic neural field models of binocular rivalry waves." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c444a73e-20e3-454d-85ae-bbc8831fdf1f.

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Binocular rivalry is an interesting phenomenon where perception oscillates between different images presented to the two eyes. This thesis is primarily concerned with modelling travelling waves of visual perception during transitions between these perceptual states. In order to model this effect in such a way that we retain as much analytical insight into the mechanisms as possible we employed neural field theory. That is, rather than modelling individual neurons in a neural network we treat the cortical surface as a continuous medium and establish integro-differential equations for the activity of a neural population. Our basic model which has been used by many previous authors both within and outside of neural field theory is to consider a one dimensional network of neurons for each eye. It is assumed that each network responds maximally to a particular feature of the underlying image, such as orientation. Recurrent connections within each network are taken to be excitatory and connections between the networks are taken to be inhibitory. In order for such a topology to exhibit the oscillations found in binocular rivalry there needs to be some form of slow adaptation which weakens the cross-connections under continued firing. By first considering a deterministic version of this model, we will show that, in fact, this slow adaptation also serves as a necessary "symmetry breaking" mechanism. Using this knowledge to make some mild assumptions we are then able to derive an expression for the shape of a travelling wave and its wave speed. We then go on to show that these predictions of our model are consistent not only with numerical simulations but also experimental evidence. It will turn out that it is not acceptable to completely ignore noise as it is a fundamental part of the underlying biology. Since methods for analyzing stochastic neural fields did not exist before our work, we first adapt methods originally intended for reaction-diffusion PDE systems to a stochastic version of a simple neural field equation. By regarding the motion of a stochastic travelling wave as being made up of two distinct components, firstly, the drift-diffusion of its overall position, secondly, fast fluctuations in its shape around some average front shape, we are able to derive a stochastic differential equation for the front position with respect to time. It is found that the front position undergoes a drift-diffusion process with constant coefficients. We then go on to show that our analysis agrees with numerical simulation. The original problem of stochastic binocular rivalry is then re-visited with this new toolkit and we are able to predict that the first passage time of a perceptual wave hitting a fixed barrier should be an inverse Gaussian distribution, a result which could potentially be experimentally tested. We also consider the implications of our stochastic work on different types of neural field equation to those used for modelling binocular rivalry. In particular, for neural fields which support pulled fronts propagating into an unstable state, the stochastic version of such an equation has wave fronts which undergo subdiffusive motion as opposed to the standard diffusion in the binocular rivalry case.
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Skerswetat, Jan. "Investigations of luminance- and contrast-modulated binocular rivalry." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/701517/.

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Binocular rivalry can occur when incompatible stimuli are presented separately to the eyes. Since the invention of the stereoscope by Wheatstone in 1838, binocular rivalry has been intensively investigated with visual stimuli, which are differentiated from the background by variations in luminance, so-called luminance-modulated stimuli. However, it is also possible to perceive stimuli for which luminance of the target does not differ from that of the background but instead varies in contrast: so-called contrast-modulated (CM) stimuli. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate CM and noisy luminance-modulated (LM) stimuli under binocular rivalry conditions as the gained knowledge would enhance our understanding of both CM processing, as well as binocular rivalry. Perceptual change rates, proportions of exclusive visibility, mixed percepts (i.e. piecemeal and superimposition), as well as changes of these proportions across time and distributions of perceptual phases were calculated and compared between various CM and LM stimulus conditions. To compare those stimulus types with each other, the detection threshold was measured in one experiment to determine the visibility of each stimulus type, i.e. multiples above threshold. LM stimuli engage in significantly more exclusive visibility and trigger more alternation even when CM stimuli are of comparable visibility. Lower proportions of exclusive visibility and numbers of perceptual alternation for CM stimuli were due to greater proportions of superimposition. When comparably visible LM and CM stimuli compete with each other under binocular rivalry conditions, CM exclusive visibility predominates over LM exclusive visibility. Even if LM visibility is many times above CM visibility, LM stimuli never reach perceptual predominance. This result suggests that CM stimuli are processed unlike LM stimuli by neurones that receive initial binocular input. The results obtained were integrated into models concerning alternation dynamics and underlying processing sites for LM and CM stimuli.
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Skerswetat, Jan. "Investigations of luminance- and contrast-modulated binocular rivalry." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/701517/1/Skerswetat_2016.pdf.

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Binocular rivalry can occur when incompatible stimuli are presented separately to the eyes. Since the invention of the stereoscope by Wheatstone in 1838, binocular rivalry has been intensively investigated with visual stimuli, which are differentiated from the background by variations in luminance, so-called luminance-modulated stimuli. However, it is also possible to perceive stimuli for which luminance of the target does not differ from that of the background but instead varies in contrast: so-called contrast-modulated (CM) stimuli. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate CM and noisy luminance-modulated (LM) stimuli under binocular rivalry conditions as the gained knowledge would enhance our understanding of both CM processing, as well as binocular rivalry. Perceptual change rates, proportions of exclusive visibility, mixed percepts (i.e. piecemeal and superimposition), as well as changes of these proportions across time and distributions of perceptual phases were calculated and compared between various CM and LM stimulus conditions. To compare those stimulus types with each other, the detection threshold was measured in one experiment to determine the visibility of each stimulus type, i.e. multiples above threshold. LM stimuli engage in significantly more exclusive visibility and trigger more alternation even when CM stimuli are of comparable visibility. Lower proportions of exclusive visibility and numbers of perceptual alternation for CM stimuli were due to greater proportions of superimposition. When comparably visible LM and CM stimuli compete with each other under binocular rivalry conditions, CM exclusive visibility predominates over LM exclusive visibility. Even if LM visibility is many times above CM visibility, LM stimuli never reach perceptual predominance. This result suggests that CM stimuli are processed unlike LM stimuli by neurones that receive initial binocular input. The results obtained were integrated into models concerning alternation dynamics and underlying processing sites for LM and CM stimuli.
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Miller, Steven M. "An interhemispheric switch in binocular rivalry and bipolar disorder /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17585.pdf.

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Adamo, Stephen Hunter. "Semantic Suppression in Figure-Ground Perception and Binocular Rivalry." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146907.

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Figure-ground segregation occurs when one of two regions sharing a border is perceived as a shaped entity (a figure) and the other is perceived as a shapeless background to the figure. The mechanism of figure-ground perception is inhibitory competition. Peterson and Skow (2008) showed that a familiar configuration that loses the competition for figural status is not perceived consciously and is suppressed, at least at the level of categorical shape. A remaining question is whether the semantics of the familiar configuration are also accessed and suppressed. The present study investigates this question through binocular rivalry. Binocular rivalry occurs when separate images are simultaneously presented to the left and right eyes. Typically one dominates at any given moment, and awareness alternates back and forth between these two images. The image that is not perceived is suppressed (Wheatstone, 1838). The present experiments investigated how the suppression in figure-ground perception and the suppression in binocular rivalry interact. In one eye, subjects viewed a silhouette that initially dominated because a dynamic, colorful pattern was presented within the confines of the figure. In the other eye, participants viewed a word string either a word that named a familiar configuration or a non-word; the letter string was initially suppressed. Experiment 1 explored whether the time required for the letter string to reach awareness between a silhouette that had a hidden, familiar configuration on the ground side or a silhouette with a novel configuration on the ground. Experiment 2 observed the time required to make a lexical decision once the letter string arrived to awareness. Both experiments failed to yield evidence for an interaction between figure-ground and binocular rivalry suppression. This suggests that during binocular rivalry, a shape suppressed by figure-ground competition fails to interact with a word corresponding to the suppressed shape.
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Heslop, Karen Ruth. "Binocular rivalry and visuospatial ability in individuals with schizophrenia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59610/1/Karen_Heslop_Thesis.pdf.

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Visual abnormalities, both at the sensory input and the higher interpretive levels, have been associated with many of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia typically experience distortions of sensory perception, resulting in perceptual hallucinations and delusions that are related to the observed visual deficits. Disorganised speech, thinking and behaviour are commonly experienced by sufferers of the disorder, and have also been attributed to perceptual disturbances associated with anomalies in visual processing. Compounding these issues are marked deficits in cognitive functioning that are observed in approximately 80% of those with schizophrenia. Cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia include: difficulty with concentration and memory (i.e. working, visual and verbal), an impaired ability to process complex information, response inhibition and deficits in speed of processing, visual and verbal learning. Deficits in sustained attention or vigilance, poor executive functioning such as poor reasoning, problem solving, and social cognition, are all influenced by impaired visual processing. These symptoms impact on the internal perceptual world of those with schizophrenia, and hamper their ability to navigate their external environment. Visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia are likely to worsen personal, social and occupational functioning. Binocular rivalry provides a unique opportunity to investigate the processes involved in visual awareness and visual perception. Binocular rivalry is the alternation of perceptual images that occurs when conflicting visual stimuli are presented to each eye in the same retinal location. The observer perceives the opposing images in an alternating fashion, despite the sensory input to each eye remaining constant. Binocular rivalry tasks have been developed to investigate specific parts of the visual system. The research presented in this Thesis provides an explorative investigation into binocular rivalry in schizophrenia, using the method of Pettigrew and Miller (1998) and comparing individuals with schizophrenia to healthy controls. This method allows manipulations to the spatial and temporal frequency, luminance contrast and chromaticity of the visual stimuli. Manipulations to the rival stimuli affect the rate of binocular rivalry alternations and the time spent perceiving each image (dominance duration). Binocular rivalry rate and dominance durations provide useful measures to investigate aspects of visual neural processing that lead to the perceptual disturbances and cognitive dysfunction attributed to schizophrenia. However, despite this promise the binocular rivalry phenomenon has not been extensively explored in schizophrenia to date. Following a review of the literature, the research in this Thesis examined individual variation in binocular rivalry. The initial study (Chapter 2) explored the effect of systematically altering the properties of the stimuli (i.e. spatial and temporal frequency, luminance contrast and chromaticity) on binocular rivalry rate and dominance durations in healthy individuals (n=20). The findings showed that altering the stimuli with respect to temporal frequency and luminance contrast significantly affected rate. This is significant as processing of temporal frequency and luminance contrast have consistently been demonstrated to be abnormal in schizophrenia. The current research then explored binocular rivalry in schizophrenia. The primary research question was, "Are binocular rivalry rates and dominance durations recorded in participants with schizophrenia different to those of the controls?" In this second study binocular rivalry data that were collected using low- and highstrength binocular rivalry were compared to alternations recorded during a monocular rivalry task, the Necker Cube task to replicate and advance the work of Miller et al., (2003). Participants with schizophrenia (n=20) recorded fewer alternations (i.e. slower alternation rates) than control participants (n=20) on both binocular rivalry tasks, however no difference was observed between the groups on the Necker cube task. Magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways, thought to be abnormal in schizophrenia, were also investigated in binocular rivalry. The binocular rivalry stimuli used in this third study (Chapter 4) were altered to bias the task for one of these two pathways. Participants with schizophrenia recorded slower binocular rivalry rates than controls in both binocular rivalry tasks. Using a ‘within subject design’, binocular rivalry data were compared to data collected from a backwardmasking task widely accepted to bias both these pathways. Based on these data, a model of binocular rivalry, based on the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways that contribute to the dorsal and ventral visual streams, was developed. Binocular rivalry rates were compared with performance on the Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation task, in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (Chapter 5). The Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation task is widely accepted to be processed within the right cerebral hemisphere, making it an appropriate task to investigate the role of the cerebral hemispheres in binocular rivalry, and to investigate the inter-hemispheric switching hypothesis of binocular rivalry proposed by Pettigrew and Miller (1998, 2003). The data were suggestive of intra-hemispheric rather than an inter-hemispheric visual processing in binocular rivalry. Neurotransmitter involvement in binocular rivalry, backward masking and Judgment of Line Orientation in schizophrenia were investigated using a genetic indicator of dopamine receptor distribution and functioning; the presence of the Taq1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) receptor gene. This final study (Chapter 6) explored whether the presence of the Taq1 allele of the DRD2 receptor gene, and thus, by inference the distribution of dopamine receptors and dopamine function, accounted for the large individual variation in binocular rivalry. The presence of the Taq1 allele was associated with slower binocular rivalry rates or poorer performance in the backward masking and Judgment of Line Orientation tasks seen in the group with schizophrenia. This Thesis has contributed to what is known about binocular rivalry in schizophrenia. Consistently slower binocular rivalry rates were observed in participants with schizophrenia, indicating abnormally-slow visual processing in this group. These data support previous studies reporting visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and suggest that a slow binocular rivalry rate is not a feature specific to bipolar disorder, but may be a feature of disorders with psychotic features generally. The contributions of the magnocellular or dorsal pathways and parvocellular or ventral pathways to binocular rivalry, and therefore to perceptual awareness, were investigated. The data presented supported the view that the magnocellular system initiates perceptual awareness of an image and the parvocellular system maintains the perception of the image, making it available to higher level processing occurring within the cortical hemispheres. Abnormal magnocellular and parvocellular processing may both contribute to perceptual disturbances that ultimately contribute to the cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia. An alternative model of binocular rivalry based on these observations was proposed.
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Books on the topic "Binocular rivalry"

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Geri, George A. Visual phenomena produced by binocularly disparate dynamic visual noise. Brooks Air Force Base, Tex: Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, 1985.

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The constitution of phenomenal consciousness: Toward a science and theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pubishing Company, 2015.

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The constitution of visual consciousness: Lessons from binocular rivalry / edited by Steven M. Miller, Monash University. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013.

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Blake, Randolph. Binocular Rivalry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0105.

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: Binocular rivalry epitomizes the essence of a perceptual illusion in that it involves a compelling dissociation of retinal stimulation and visual experience: dissimilar monocular stimuli appear and disappear reciprocally and unpredictably over time, even though retinal images of both stimuli remain unchanged. Thus binocular rivalry is instigated when dissimilar visual stimuli are imaged on corresponding areas of the two eyes. These dissimilarities can arise from differences in form (both simple and complex), color, or direction of motion. This beguiling phenomenon—binocular rivalry—affords the psychologist a potent means for probing visual processing outside of awareness and the neurophysiologist a strategy for studying neural dynamics. Related concepts including bistable perception, interocular suppression, and neural dynamics are explored.
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Binocular rivalry. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005.

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Alais, David, and Randolph Blake, eds. Binocular Rivalry. The MIT Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1605.001.0001.

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Binocular rivalry. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.

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(Editor), David Alais, and Randolph Blake (Editor), eds. Binocular Rivalry (Bradford Books). The MIT Press, 2004.

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Alais, David, and Randolph Blake. Binocular Rivalry and Perceptual Ambiguity. Edited by Johan Wagemans. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686858.013.034.

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Panagiotaropoulos, Theofanis I., and Naotsugu Tsuchiya, eds. Binocular rivalry: a gateway to consciousness. Frontiers Media SA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-069-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Binocular rivalry"

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Wilson, Hugh R. "Binocular rivalry." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 281–304. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.11wil.

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Brascamp, Jan W., and Daniel H. Baker. "Psychophysics of binocular rivalry." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 109–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.05bra.

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Stidwill, David, and Robert Fletcher. "Diplopia and Confusion, Suppression and Rivalry." In Normal Binocular Vision, 57–71. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788684.ch5.

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Miller, Steven M. "Visual consciousness and binocular rivalry." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 1–14. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.01mil.

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Wade, Nicholas J., and Trung T. Ngo. "Early views on binocular rivalry." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 77–108. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.04wad.

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Sterzer, Philipp. "Functional neuroimaging of binocular rivalry." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 187–210. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.08ste.

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Sengpiel, Frank. "The neuron doctrine of binocular rivalry." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 167–86. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.07sen.

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Bressler, David W., Rachel N. Denison, and Michael A. Silver. "High-level modulations of binocular rivalry." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 253–80. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.10bre.

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Klink, P. Christiaan, Richard J. A. van Wezel, and Raymond van Ee. "The future of binocular rivalry research." In The Constitution of Visual Consciousness, 305–32. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.90.12kli.

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Barris, Michael C. "Binocular Chromatic Rivalry and Chromatic Grid Stimuli." In Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series, 137–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5698-1_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Binocular rivalry"

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Blake, Randolph. "Binocular Inhibitory interactions." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mb1.

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Abstract:
With his invention of the stereoscope in 1838, Wheatstone observed two remarkable perceptual phenomena produced by dichoptic stimulation. One was stereopsis, the compelling sense of depth that occurs when similar half-images stimulate noncorresponding areas of the two eyes. The other was binocular rivalry, the alternating periods of monocular suppression produced by dissimilar stimulation of corresponding areas of the two eyes. By its very nature, binocular rivalry implies the existence of inhibitory interactions between the two eyes. Binocular rivalry can be construed as the default outcome when the binocular visual system fails to establish correspondence between the two monocular images. This presentation summarizes (1) the stimulus conditions that trigger rivalry (i.e., the features used in the establishment of correspondence); (2) various means (e.g., eye movements) for measuring alternations in dominance during rivalry; and (3) evidence bearing on the putative locus of rivalry. In addition, the relation between rivalry suppression and other forms of binocular inhibition is discussed. Finally, the role of top-down influences on rivalry will be considered. It is concluded that rivalry is triggered by rather unrefined stimulus features and that it operates at a relatively early stage of visual processing.
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Ochiai, Yoichi. "Kaleidoscopes for binocular rivalry." In the 3rd Augmented Human International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2160125.2160155.

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Xue, Yapeng, Wenhao Hong, Yu Cao, and Lu Yu. "Binocular rivalry detection in natural image pairs." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2016.7552976.

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Hong, Wenhao, Yin Zhao, Lu Yu, and Ce Zhu. "Detection model of luster effect in binocular rivalry." In 2014 International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2014.6900791.

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Wang, Ruiping, Yajing Zhang, Wei Wu, Hesheng Liu, Xiaorong Gao, and Shangkai Gao. "Localization of FFA Using SSVEP-based Binocular Rivalry." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260665.

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Wang, Ruiping, Yajing Zhang, Wei Wu, Hesheng Liu, Xiaorong Gao, and Shangkai Gao. "Localization of FFA Using SSVEP-based Binocular Rivalry." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397610.

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Zheng, Kai, Jiayi Bai, Yana Zhang, and Jialu Yu. "Stereo Visual Masking Based on Unconscious Binocular Rivalry." In 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsip52628.2021.9688836.

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Bayle, Elodie, Esetelle Guilbaud, Sylvain Hourlier, Sylvie Lelandais, Laure Leroy, Justin Plantier, and Pascaline Neveu. "Binocular rivalry in monocular augmented reality devices: a review." In Situation Awareness in Degraded Environments 2019, edited by John (Jack) N. Sanders-Reed and Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518928.

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Kobayashi, Tetsuo, Minoru Morita, and Shinya Kuriki. "Analyises of alpha attenuation distribution related to binocular rivalry." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761658.

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Kobayashi, Morita, and Kuriki. "Analyises Of Alpha Attenuation Distribution Related To Binocular Rivalry." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.592981.

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Reports on the topic "Binocular rivalry"

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Kama, William N. The Effect of Binocular Rivalry on the Performance of a Simple Target Detection/Recognition Task. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203512.

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