Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bingham materials

Academic literature on the topic 'Bingham materials'

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Published: 6 September 2023
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bingham materials"

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Slatin, Craig, and Deborah Weinstock. "Honoring Eula Bingham: A Memorial Gathering During the Covid-19 Pandemic." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 31, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291121993454.

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Eula Bingham, a toxicologist who invigorated the Occupational Safety and Health Administration as its director and set stringent standards to protect workers from hazardous materials, died on 13 June 2020 in Cincinnati. Throughout Dr. Bingham’s long career, she insisted tirelessly that workers had the absolute right to be safe on the job. Her thoughtful and generous wisdom shaped the entire field of occupational safety and health. Her bold and courageous actions prevented countless illnesses and injuries in workers around the world. This article presents the edited transcript from a Virtual Memorial Remembrance of Eula Bingham.
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Dewald, Erlwine. "Der Bingham-Medaillenträger / The Bingham Medallist." Applied Rheology 2, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arh-1992-020117.

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Niezgoda, Stephen R., Eric A. Magnuson, and Jared Glover. "Symmetrized Bingham distribution for representing texture: parameter estimation with respect to crystal and sample symmetries." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 4 (June 9, 2016): 1315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671600649x.

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The quaternion Bingham distribution has been used to model preferred crystallographic orientation, or crystallographic texture, in polycrystalline materials in the materials science and geological communities. A primary difficulty in applying the Bingham distribution has been the lack of an efficient method for fitting the distribution parameters with respect to the material's underlying crystallographic symmetry or any statistical sample symmetry due to processing. This paper presents a symmetrized distribution, based on the quaternion Bingham, which can account for any general combination of crystallographic or sample symmetries. A numerical scheme is also introduced for estimating the parameters of the symmetrized distribution based on the well known expectation maximization algorithm.
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Deoclecio, Lucas H. P., Edson J. Soares, Hiranya Deka, and Jean-Lou Pierson. "Bubble entrapment condition in Bingham materials." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 295 (September 2021): 104616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2021.104616.

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Rajani, B., and N. Morgenstern. "On the yield stress of geotechnical materials from the slump test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-056.

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There exists an important class of materials, e.g., debris, volcanic lava, sludges, and remoulded sensitive clays, that are known to behave like a Bingham fluid. One of the important properties of a Bingham fluid is the so-called yield stress, and it is usually determined using a coaxial viscometer apparatus. It would be impractical and cumbersome to use this apparatus for many of the materials referred to earlier, and we propose here to examine the use of the slump test. The slump test is used in the concrete industry to evaluate workability and consistency. A statical model is developed to explain the deformation mechanism, and it permits the determination of yield stress. The validity of the statical model is verified using published data on mortar and our own data on Devon silt. The yield stress obtained with the slump test is also compared with the undrained shear strength obtained using the fall cone test. Good agreement is found between the two values. Key words: Bingham fluid, yield stress, slump test, Devon silt.
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Frigaard, I. A., S. D. Howison, and I. J. Sobey. "On the stability of Poiseuille flow of a Bingham fluid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 263 (March 25, 1994): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094004052.

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The stability to linearized two-dimensional disturbances of plane Poiseuille flow of a Bingham fluid is considered. Bingham fluids exhibit a yield stress in addition to a plastic viscosity and this description is typically applied to drilling muds. A non-zero yield stress results in an additional parameter, a Bingham number, and it is found that the minimum Reynolds number for linear instability increases almost linearly with increasing Bingham number.
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He, Feng, Song Yang, Tianjiao Ren, Hongjie Bian, and Haoran Li. "An Improved Bingham Model and the Parameter Identification of Coal (Rock) Containing Water Based on the Fractional Calculus Theory." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (December 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1996142.

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The rheological properties of coal (rock) containing water cannot be characterized by the traditional Bingham model. This problem was addressed in this study through theoretical analysis and experimental research. Based on fractional calculus theory, a fractional calculus soft element was introduced into the traditional Bingham model. An improved Bingham model creep equation and a relaxation equation were obtained through theoretical derivations. Triaxial creep experiments of coal (rock) with different moisture contents were conducted. The parameters of the improved Bingham model were obtained by the least-squares method. Conclusions are as follows: (1) in the improved Bingham model, the stage of nonlinear accelerated creep could be characterized by the creep curves of the soft element; (2) with the increasing moisture content of the coal (rock), the transient strain and the slope of the steady creep stage increased and the total creep time showed a decreasing trend; and (3) the parameters of the creep model were obtained by nonlinear fitting of experimental data, and the fitted curve could better describe the whole creep process. The rationality of the improved creep model was verified. It can provide a theoretical basis for the study and engineering analysis of coal (rock).
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Yigit, Sahin, and Nilanjan Chakraborty. "Influences of aspect ratio and wall boundary condition on laminar Rayleigh–Bénard convection of Bingham fluids in rectangular enclosures." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 310–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-09-2015-0366.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the aspect ratio (AR; ratio of enclosure height:length) dependence of steady-state Rayleigh–Bénard convection of Bingham fluids within rectangular enclosures for both constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux boundary conditions. A nominal Rayleigh number range 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 105 (Ra defined based on the height) for a single representative value of nominal Prandtl number (i.e. Pr = 500) has been considered for 1/4 ≤ AR ≤ 4. Design/methodology/approach The bi-viscosity Bingham model is used to mimic Bingham fluids for Rayleigh–Bénard convection of Bingham fluids in rectangular enclosures. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy have been solved in a coupled manner using the finite volume method where a second-order central differencing scheme is used for the diffusive terms and a second-order up-wind scheme is used for the convective terms. The well-known semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations algorithm is used for the coupling of the pressure and velocity. Findings It has been found that buoyancy-driven flow strengthens with increasing nominal Rayleigh number Ra, but the convective transport weakens with increasing Bingham number Bn, because of additional flow resistance arising from yield stress in Bingham fluids. The relative contribution of thermal conduction (advection) to the total thermal transport strengthens (diminishes) with increasing AR for a given set of values of Ra and Pr for both Newtonian and Bingham fluids for both boundary conditions, and the thermal transport takes place purely because of conduction for tall enclosures. Originality/value Correlations for the mean Nusselt number Nu ¯ have been proposed for both boundary conditions for both Newtonian and Bingham fluids using scaling arguments, and the correlations have been demonstrated to predict Nu ¯ obtained from simulation data for 1/4 ≤ AR ≤ 4, 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 105 and Pr = 500.
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Philippov, G. G., A. I. Gorbunov, and V. N. Kestelman. "New equation for fitting rheological data of bingham materials." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49, no. 9 (September 5, 1993): 1589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490909.

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Yang, Zhiquan, Mao Chen, Yi Ding, Yi Yang, Yingyan Zhu, Yanhui Guo, Renchao Wang, et al. "Influence of Coupling Effects of Time and Water-to-Cement Ratio on Rheological Properties of Bingham Cement Grouts." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (October 23, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5781753.

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Time and water-to-cement ratio have significant influences on rheology of cement grouts. In order to study effects of time and water-to-cement ratio on rheology of Bingham cement grouts, taking Bingham cement grouts widely used in practical engineering (cement grouts with water-to-cement ratio of 0.75–1.25) as research object, some rheological experiments of five cement grouts with water-to-cement ratio of 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.25 were carried out at six moments of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively. Combining theoretical discussion with numerical analysis, influence of coupling effects of time and water-to-cement ratio on rheological properties of Bingham cement grouts was discussed. Results show that at the level of α = 0.05, time has a significant influence on plastic viscosity but has no significant influence on the yield stress of Bingham cement grouts. Water-to-cement ratio has a significant influence on both plastic viscosity and yield stress. Exponential models obtained by comprehensive analysis from statistical theory, practical applicability, and accuracy are the optimal models to describe quantitative change in the relationship of coupling effects of time and water-to-cement ratio on plastic viscosity and yield stress of Bingham cement grouts. The rheological equation considering coupling effects of time and water-to-cement ratio of Bingham cement grouts is constructed. Research achievements not only have certain theoretical significance to the development and improvement of fluid mechanics and theoretical system of penetration grouting but also provide theoretical support and technical reference for practical grouting engineering and also have certain practical significance for solving or improving the practical engineering problems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bingham materials"

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Gram, Annika. "Modelling of Bingham Suspensional Flow : Influence of Viscosity and Particle Properties Applicable to Cementitious Materials." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163040.

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Simulation of fresh concrete flow has spurged with the advent of Self-Compacting Concrete, SCC. The fresh concrete rheology must be compatible with the reinforced formwork geometry to ensure complete and reliable form filling with smooth concrete surfaces. Predicting flow behavior in the formwork and linking the required rheological parameters to flow tests performed on the site will ensure an optimization of the casting process. In this thesis, numerical simulation of concrete flow and particle behaviour is investigated, using both discrete as well as a continuous approach. Good correspondence was achieved with a Bingham material model used to simulate concrete laboratory tests (e.g. slump flow). It is known that aggregate properties such as size, shape and surface roughness as well as its grading curve affect fresh concrete properties. An increased share of non-spherical particles in concrete increases the level of yield stress, τ0, and plastic viscosity, µpl. The yield stress level may be decreased by adding superplasticizers, however, the plastic viscosity may not. An explanation for the behaviour of particles is sought after experimentally, analytically and numerically. Bingham parameter plastic viscosity is experimentally linked to particle shape. It was found that large particles orient themselves aligning their major axis with the fluid flow, whereas small particles in the colloidal range may rotate between larger particles. The rotation of crushed, non-spherical fine particles as well as particles of a few microns that agglomorate leads to an increased viscosity of the fluid. Generally, numerical simulation of large scale quantitative analyses are performed rather smoothly with the continuous approach. Smaller scale details and phenomena are better captured qualitatively with the discrete particle approach. As computer speed and capacity constantly evolves, simulation detail and sample volume will be allowed to increase. A future merging of the homogeneous fluid model with the particle approach to form particles in the fluid will feature the flow of concrete as the physical suspension that it represents. One single ellipsoidal particle in fluid was studied as a first step.

QC 20150326

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Lavarda, Jairo Vinícius. "Convecção natural de fluidos de lei de potência e de Bingham em cavidade fechada preenchida com meio heterogêneo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1306.

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CAPES
Vários estudos numéricos investigaram cavidades fechadas sob o efeito da convecção natural preenchidas com fluidos newtonianos generalizados (FNG) nos últimos anos pelas aplicações diretas em trocadores de calor compactos, no resfriamento de sistemas eletrônicos e na engenharia de polímeros. Neste trabalho é realizada a investigação numérica do processo de convecção natural de fluidos de lei de Potência e de Bingham em cavidades fechadas, aquecidas lateralmente e preenchidas com meios heterogêneos e bloco centrado. O meio heterogêneo é constituído de blocos sólidos, quadrados, desconectados e condutores de calor. Como parâmetros são utilizados a faixa de Rayleigh de 104 à 107, índice de potência n de 0, 6 à 1, 6, número de Bingham de 0, 5 até Bimax , sendo investigado da influência do número de Prandtl para cada modelo de fluido. Nas cavidades com meio heterogêneo são utilizadas as quantidades de blocos de 9, 16, 36 e 64, mantendo-se a razão entre a condutividade térmica do sólido e do fluido κ = 1. Para as cavidades com bloco centrado, são utilizados os tamanhos adimensionais de 0, 1 à 0, 9 com κ = 0, 1; 1 e 10. A modelagem matemática é realizada pelas equações de balanço de massa, de quantidade de movimento e de energia. As simulações são conduzidas no programa comercial ANSYS FLUENT R . Inicialmente são resolvidos problemas com fluidos newtonianos em cavidade limpa, seguida de cavidade preenchida com meio heterogêneo e posteriormente bloco centrado para validação da metodologia de solução. Na segunda etapa é realizada o estudo com os modelos de fluidos de lei de Potência e de Bingham seguindo a mesma sequência. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de linhas de corrente, isotermas e pelo número de Nusselt médio na parede quente. De maneira geral, a transferência de calor na cavidade é regida pelo número de Rayleigh, tamanho e condutividade térmica dos blocos, pelo índice de potência para o modelo de lei de Potência e do número de Bingham para o modelo de Bingham. O número de Prandtl tem grande influência nos dois modelos de fluidos. O meio heterogêneo reduz a transferência de calor na cavidade quando interfere na camada limite térmica para ambos os fluidos, sendo feita uma previsão analítica para o fluido de lei de Potência. Para bloco centrado, a interferência na camada limite com fluido de lei de Potência também foi prevista analiticamente. A transferência de calor aumentou com bloco de baixa condutividade térmica e pouca interferência e com bloco de alta condutividade térmica e grande interferência, para ambos os fluidos.
Many studies have been carried out in square enclosures with generalized Newtonian fluids with natural convection in past few years for directly applications in compact heat exchangers, cooling of electronics systems and polymeric engineering. The natural convection in square enclosures with differently heated sidewalls, filled with power-law and Bingham fluids in addition with heterogeneous medium and centered block are analyzed in this study. The heterogeneous medium are solid, square, disconnected and conducting blocks. The parameters used are the Rayleigh number in the range 104 - 107 , power index n range of 0, 6 - 1, 6, Bingham number range of 0, 5 - Bimax , being the influence of Prandtl number investigated for each fluid model. The number of blocks for heterogeneous medium are 9, 16, 36 and 64, keeping constant solid to fluid conductive ratio, κ = 1. For enclosures with centered block are used the nondimensional block size from 0, 1 to 0, 9, with solid to fluid conductive ratio in range κ = 0, 1; 1 and 10. Mathematical modeling is done by mass, momentum and energy balance equations. The solution of equations have been numerically solved in ANSYS FLUENT R software. Firstly, numerical solutions for validation with Newtonian fluids in clean enclosures are conducted, followed by enclosures with heterogeneous medium and centered block. Subsequently, numerical solutions of power-law and Bingham fluids with same enclosures configurations are conducted. The results are reported in the form of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number at hot wall. In general, the heat transfer process in enclosure is governed by Rayleigh number, size and thermal conductivity of the blocks, power index n for power-law fluid and Bingham number for Bingham fluid. Both fluid models are very sensitive with Prandtl number changes. Heterogeneous medium decrease heat transfer in enclosure when affects thermal boundary layer for both fluid models. One analytical prediction was made for power-law fluid. An increase in heat transfer occurs with low thermal conductivity block and few interference and with high thermal conductivity block and great interference, for both fluids.
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Meira, Rodrigo Esperança da Cunha Pimentel de. "Estudo do escoamento de fluidos de lei de potência e de Bingham em canal parcialmente poroso utilizando o método Lattice Boltzmann." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2715.

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Neste trabalho, propõe-se o estudo numérico do escoamento de fluidos de lei de potência e Bingham junto à interface entre uma região livre e outra porosa (interface fluido-porosa) utilizando o método lattice Boltzmann. Para tanto, considera-se o escoamento entre placas planas e paralelas entre as quais se faz presente um meio poroso abordado de forma heterogênea (resolução espacial da ordem de grandeza dos poros), representado através de obstáculos sólidos quadrados uniformemente distribuídos na parte inferior do canal. As análises realizadas mostram o efeito dos diversos parâmetros adimensionais que descrevem o problema sobre o fator de atrito na região livre do canal. De um modo geral, constata-se que a discrepância entre os fatores de atrito na região livre do canal e para o escoamento entre placas planas e paralelas cresce com o aumento da porosidade e do número de Bingham e com as reduções do número de obstáculos que compõem o meio poroso, número de Reynolds e índice de lei de potência. Ademais, propõe-se a adaptação do modelo analítico para a representação da interface fluido- porosa para escoamento de fluido newtoniano proposto por Ochoa-Tapia e Whitaker (1995b) ao escoamento de fluido de lei de potência, verificando-se a possibilidade de incorporar o comportamento não newtoniano do fluido ao parâmetro empírico do modelo.
The goal of this work is to numerically investigate the flow of power law and Bingham fluids next to the interface between a free and a porous region (fluid-porous interface) using the lattice Boltzmann method. For this, the flow between parallel plates partially filled by a porous material is studied, with the porous medium being represented by a set of solid square obstacles uniformly distributed in lower half of the channel. Results show the influence of non-dimensional parameters in the free region friction factor. In geral, it is observed that the friction factor decreases when porosity or Bingham number are increased and number of obstacles, Reynolds number or power law index are lowered. Moreover, it is porposed the application of the fluid-porous interface model proposed by Ochoa-Tapia e Whitaker (1995b) to the flow of power law fluids by varying the stress jump coefficient with the power law index.
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Riber, Stéphanie. "Méthodes numériques pour la simulation des écoulements de matériaux granulaires par une approche continue." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM020/document.

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Cette thèse traite de la modélisation et des méthodes numériques pour la simulation d'écoulements de fluides non-Newtoniens, et particulièrement, de matériaux granulaires. Une application de ce travail concerne les poudres de couverture utilisées pour protéger thermiquement le métal de l'air dans le procédé de coulée en source d'alliages métalliques. Ces poudres sont conditionnées dans des sacs disposés dans la lingotière, qui brûlent suite aux fortes chaleurs engendrées, et permettant son écoulement sur la surface du métal. Ainsi, la simulation numérique apparaît comme un puissant outil pour l'optimisation du procédé, et notamment, de l'étalement de ces poudres.Dans ce travail, une formulation éléments finis a été proposée pour modéliser l'écoulement multiphasique des matériaux granulaires dans un formalisme de la mécanique des milieux continus. Les équations associées sont résolues via des schémas numériques stabilisés, couplés avec la méthode Level-Set pour capturer et suivre le profil du matériau granulaire au cours de la simulation. Dans un premier temps, les outils numériques ont été testés sur des cas d'écoulements de fluides de Bingham, où les fortes non-linéarités sont traitées par une méthode de régularisation. Puis la formulation est étendue aux écoulements de granulaires secs, dont le comportement piezzo-dépendent est traduit par la loi mu(I). Le modèle a été validé sur des cas d'effondrement de colonnes de grains, et une étude de sensibilité aux conditions aux limites et constantes physiques du modèle est proposée.Enfin, des cas industriels de chutes de poudres sur substrats solide et métal fondu ont été menés, amenant à des premières pistes pour l'optimisation du procédé de coulée en lingotière
This thesis is devoted to the modeling and numerical methods for the simulation of non-Newtonian flows, and focuses particularly on granular materials flows. This work is applied to molten powders aiming to ensure metal thermal protection from the air in ingot casting process of metallic alloys. These powders are conditionned into bags disposed into the mold, which burn due to high temperatures, and allowing the powder spreading onto the metal surface. Thus, numerical simulation appears as a powerful tool for the process optimization, and especially, for the powder spreading.In this work, a finite element formulation has been proposed for the modeling of granular multiphase flows, by a continuum approach. The associated equations are solved using stabilized numerical schemes, coupled with the Level-Set method to capture and follow the granular profile during the simulation. First, the numerical tools have been implemented for Bingham flows, by using regularization a method. Then, the formulation was extended to dry granular flows, by the use of the mu(I) rheology constitutive model for describing its pressure-dependent behavior. The model has been validated on granular collapses, and a sensitivity analysis to boundary conditions and physical constants has been proposed.Finally, industrial cases of powder chutes ontoboth solid and liquid metla substrates have been conducted, leading to preliminary solutions for the optimization of ingot casting process
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Barrela, Eduardo José Airoso. "Comportamento reológico do betão autocompactável: influência dos materiais constituintes no estado frescoi." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10557.

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Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, Perfil de Construção, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
O betão autocompactável é um betão da classe dos betões especiais, característico pela sua elevada fluidez, e pela dispensa de mecanismos de vibração aquando da sua aplicação. Trata-se de um material que apresenta inúmeras vantagens de grande interesse para a indústria da construção, nomeadamente a possibilidade de redução de custos, a maior facilidade na betonagem adequada de elementos estruturais complexos e com elevada taxa de armadura, a melhoria do ambiente de obra, entre outros. No entanto, o completo entendimento dos fenómenos que regem o seu comportamento reológico ainda não se encontra totalmente cimentado. Com efeito, o comportamento do betão autocompactável no estado fresco é influenciado por uma série de factores, entre os quais, o conteúdo em água, o tamanho, volume e disposição dos agregados, o tipo de materiais finos utilizados na composição e, por último, o conteúdo em adjuvantes. O presente trabalho resulta do interesse crescente no estudo dos fenómenos que influenciam o comportamento do betão autocompactável no estado fresco. Pretende-se, com ele, contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado dos aspectos relacionados com a reologia do betão, principalmente para o entendimento da influência dos materiais constituintes no seu comportamento no estado fresco, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de composição que considerem as propriedades dos materiais constituintes. Para esse efeito foi, primeiramente, efectuada uma pesquisa sobre os conceitos relevantes ao betão autocompactável no estado fresco, nomeadamente os conceitos de reologia, reometria e ensaios utilizados na aferição das características de autocompactabilidade deste tipo de betão. Finalmente, foram apresentadas metodologias, propostas por diversos autores, que relacionam os parâmetros reológicos, com os parâmetros medidos nos ensaios de laboratório e de campo. De seguida, efectuou-se um aprofundado levantamento bibliográfico sobre os aspectos relacionados com a composição dos betões. Dele, resultou a enumeração os diversos métodos de obtenção de composições utilizados na produção do betão autocompactável, seguidos da apresentação da temática relacionada com a influência dos materiais constituintes no comportamento do betão autocompactável no estado fresco. Apresentam-se ainda as conclusões finais resultantes dessa pesquisa e propostas para desenvolvimentos futuros do trabalho de investigação realizado.
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Brezzi, Lorenzo. "Calibration strategies of a depth-integrated numerical model for the propagation of flow-like landslides." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421799.

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Nowadays, the numerical models are important allies for the study of physical and natural phenomena. They become progressively more complicated because various differential equations are included to consider the different processes involved in a singular phenomenon. The number of parameters used to adapt the numerical results to the real measurements increase consequently. Among the huge quantity of natural phenomena studied, the landslides are definitely important and, among them, the flow-slides are a type, which actually have an increasing occurrence frequency because of the climate change. When the velocity of the flowing material is high, this type of natural hazard becomes even more worrying. The risk and the damage, which may result, are significant, especially when the landslide is located in close proximity to residential areas. The catastrophic effects range from the destruction of buildings and infrastructures, to the most tragic loss of human lives. Three processes of a flow-slide could be individuated: the trigger mechanism, the propagation and the final deposit. Topic of this thesis is the study of the last two phases that occur after the mass collapse has already happened. The propagation and the deposit phases will be here analyzed using a model which integrates the Saint Venant‘s equations developed for the flow of an equivalent homogeneous material according to the shallow water hypothesis. The model is applied before to the simulation of several laboratory experiments and, then, for reproducing a debris flow really occurred in 2010 in Italy. The calibration phase is the basic operation for using a numerical model. The parameters considered have to be smartly defined to reproduce the phenomenon with a satisfactory likelihood. When the parameters have a physical meaning, it is necessary to check if they allow the model to produce reliable results, even when the model necessarily introduces strong approximations. Sometimes, anyway, the parameters to include in the calculation have just a mathematical significance. In this case, it is even more important to calibrate the model paying attention to all the complexities of the phenomenon, because if the calibration strategy does not take into account the various aspects of the case study, the parameters obtained by the back-analysis may be senseless. This thesis wants to show the complexity that may characterize the calibration procedure. Once the numerical model has been adopted and its possibilities and limitations have been evaluated, the analysis of different cases will help to evidence the difficulties that the back-analysis can present. To this aim, in this work, three main case studies are presented: the spreading of a column of cohesive material on a horizontal plane, numerous flume tests performed using three-phases mixtures and, finally, a real debris flow occurred in 2010 along the Rotolon stream, in North-Western sector of Veneto region (Italy). It is important to underline that all the laboratory tests are performed on purpose to apply the back-analysis, paying therefore particular attention to the data acquisition conditions. For all the case studies, many calibration procedures are applied in order to individuate the most suitable to reduce the uncertainty in the determination of the fitting parameters.
Oggigiorno, i modelli numerici ricoprono un ruolo di fondamentale importanza per lo studio di fenomeni fisici e naturali. Essi diventano via via sempre più complessi grazie all’aumento del numero di equazioni differenziali implementate in ciascun modello al fine di tener conto dei differenti aspetti che caratterizzano il fenomeno oggetto studio. Conseguentemente cresce anche il numero dei parametri da valutare per adattare i risultati ottenuti dal modello numerico alle misure reali. Tra tutti i fenomeni naturali che si possono considerare, i frane sono indiscutibilmente molto importanti. Tra i diversi tipi di frane, le colate sono una tipologia che si presenta sempre con maggior frequenza a causa dei cambiamenti climatici in atto e con effetti molto dannosi. Quando, poi, la velocità raggiunta in questi fenomeni diventa elevata, aumenta il loro potere distruttivo. I rischi e i danni che ne possono nascere non sono trascurabili, in modo particolare quando le colate avviene in prossimità di aree residenziali. Gli effetti catastrofici che ne possono scaturire spaziano dalla distruzione di edifici e infrastrutture, fino ad arrivare alla ancor più tragica perdita di vite umane. Quando si studia un movimento di colata, tre processi devono essere presi in considerazione: il meccanismo di innesco, la fase di propagazione ed infine il deposito. Questa tesi riguarda principalmente lo studio degli ultimi due processi che si verificano, cioè, quando il materiale ha già iniziato il suo movimento. Le fasi di propagazione e di arresto sono qui analizzate utilizzando un modello numerico sviluppato integrando le equazioni di Saint Venant per il flusso di un materiale monofase omogeneo in acque basse. Il modello è stato applicato sia per la simulazione di esperimenti di laboratorio sia per riprodurre un debris flow avvenuto nel nord Italia nel 2010. Quando si utilizza un modello numerico, la fase di calibrazione rappresenta un’operazione essenziale affinché si possano ottenere buoni risultati. I parametri utilizzati dal codice devono essere attentamente definiti in modo che il modello possa riprodurre il fenomeno fisico con elevata accuratezza. Quando i parametri hanno un significato fisico, risulta necessario controllare se il loro utilizzo, considerando le approssimazioni che il modello inevitabilmente comporta, permette di produrre risultati affidabili. A volte, tuttavia, i parametri che devono essere inseriti nel modello prescindono dalla natura fisica del caso in esame, ed hanno solamente un significato in termini matematici. Quando questo avviene, risulta ancor più importante calibrare il modello, cercando di cogliere l’intera complessità del fenomeno. Se la strategia di calibrazione non tiene conto dei vari aspetti che caratterizzano il caso di studio, infatti, i parametri ottenuti tramite back-analysis potrebbe non aver alcun senso. Questa tesi si pone l’obiettivo di sottolineare la complessità che può contraddistinguere il processo di calibrazione. Dopo aver deciso quale modello numerico utilizzare ed averne comprese possibilità e limitazioni, lo studio di casi di studio differenti permette di evidenziare le criticità e le problematiche che la back-analysis può presentare. A tale scopo, in questo lavoro vengono considerati principalmente tre casi di studio. Il primo riguarda il collasso di una colonna di materiale coesivo su di un piano orizzontale. Successivamente la procedura è applicata ad un gruppo di prove in canaletta condotte con diverse miscele di argilla e sabbia. Infine, viene analizzata la colata detritica avvenuta nel 2010 lungo il torrente Rotolon, situato in nella parte nord-occidentale del Veneto. È importante sottolineare che tutti i test di laboratorio sono stati eseguiti appositamente per la successiva applicazione della back-analysis, prestando quindi particolare attenzione alle modalità di acquisizione dei dati. Per tutti e tre i casi, è stata ricercata ed applicata una strategia di calibrazione per ridurre l’incertezza nell’identificazione dei parametri ottimali.
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Rodriguez, Philippe. "EPVOM des borures B(In)GaAs / GaAs : caractérisations optiques de puits quantiques de BInGaAs / GaAs." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439956.

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Les matériaux BGaAs et BInGaAs ont été élaborés par EPVOM sur GaAs. Ces matériaux sont proposés comme voie possible pour l'émission à 1,3 μm sur substrats de GaAs. Les précurseurs utilisés pour la croissance de ces matériaux sont le diborane, le triéthylgallium, l'arsine et le triméthylindium. L'incorporation et la solubilité du bore ont été étudiées en fonction des paramètres de croissance. Le mode de croissance des couches de B(In)GaAs a été exploré par microscopie à force atomique. L'épitaxie de puits quantiques de BInGaAs/GaAs a également été réalisée. Les propriétés optiques de ces puits ont été caractérisées par photoluminescence (PL). L'incorporation de bore dégrade fortement l'intensité de PL du matériau. L'émission de PL à basse température pourrait être attribuée à la recombinaison d'excitons localisés piégés dans des puits de potentiel. A plus haute température, elle est dominée par la transition E1H1 du puits.
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Books on the topic "Bingham materials"

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BING: A BASIC computer program for modeling unsteady flow of Bingham viscoplastic material. [Denver, Colo.]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Protzen, Jean-Pierre. The Development and Variation of Inca Architecture. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.39.

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The earliest Europeans in the Andes marveled at the quality of Inca masonry and the engineering of imperial infrastructure. Hiram Bingham’s rediscovery of Machu Picchu brought international attention to Inca architecture, and in recent decades, scholars have begun to place the most elaborate Inca constructions into a broader context. Inca architecture is found at special sites, including royal estates, administrative sites on the royal road networks, and religious shrines. Much of the finest Inca construction is found in the Cuzco region, where several structural types can be discerned. Beyond the capital region, Inca architecture appears in a wide range of hybrid structures, as well as in design features that echo the elite buildings of Cuzco. Although the finest Inca constructions were built of stone, other materials were used to build and roof imperial buildings, and the use of adobe and other materials connotes status and stylistic variations across the empire.
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Book chapters on the topic "Bingham materials"

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Georgievskii, Dimitri. "The Diffusion—Vortex Problems in Terms of Stresses for Bingham Materials." In Developments and Novel Approaches in Nonlinear Solid Body Mechanics, 59–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50460-1_6.

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Kunze, Karsten, and Helmut Schaeben. "Ideal Patterns of Crystallographic Preferred Orientation and Their Representation by the von Mises - Fisher Matrix or Bingham Quaternion Distribution." In Materials Science Forum, 295–300. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.295.

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McClung, Craig R. "Molybdenite Polytypism and Its Implications for Processing and Recovery: A Geometallurgical-Based Case Study from the Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 2869–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_242.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Review of Electrorheological Fluids (ERFs) as Smart Material." In Fundamentals of Smart Materials, 98–106. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782626459-00098.

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Chapter 9 reviews electrorheological fluids (ERFs) as smart materials. ERFs belong to a class of smart materials capable of changing from a liquid phase to a much more viscous liquid and then to an almost solid phase in the presence of an electric field. They are essentially colloidal suspensions of highly polarizable particles in a nonpolarizable solvent. The solid phase of an ERF typically has mechanical properties similar to a solid like a gel and can perform the phase change from liquid to thick liquid like honey and then solid or in reverse from a solid transform to a thick liquid and then a thin liquid in a matter of few milliseconds. The effect is called the “Winslow effect” after its discoverer Willis M. Winslow, who obtained a US patent on the effect in 1947 and published an article on it in 1949. Note that the change is not just a change in fluid viscosity but also the emerging solid-like properties and hence these fluids are now known as ERFs, rather than by the older term electro-viscous fluids (EVFs). The effect is better described as an electric field dependent shear yield stress such as what occurs in a Bingham plastic (a type of viscoelastic material like thick honey or wax), with a shear stress yield point dependent on the electric field strength. The ERF once in a yield shear mode behaves like a Newtonian fluid when there is no yield shear stress and stress is directly proportional to the shear rate γ.
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Haidenko, Yuliia, and Oksana Serheieva. "ANTONOMASIA FROM USUAL AND OCCASIONAL PERSPECTIVES (BASED ON THE NOVELS BY CHARLOTTE BINGHAM)." In Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-2.

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The chapter presents a study of antonomasia from usual and occasional perspectives based on the novels by Charlotte Bingham. The urgency of the research is stipulated by the need for scientific comprehension of types of antonomasia and is aimed at identification of their representation in the novels by Charlotte Bingham. The subject of the research is usual and occasional antonomasia, and their types in Charlotte Bingham’s novels. The choice of factual material sources is stipulated by the fact that the novels by Charlotte Bingham have been researched neither in Ukrainian nor in foreign linguistics. The current study uses a combination of general scientific (analysis-synthesis method, continuous sampling method, descriptive method, quantitative analysis) and linguistic methods. The definitional analysis is used to clarify linguistic terms and notions specified by the research topic. The componential analysis is used to pick out the integral and differential semes (components) in the semantic structure of the lexical meaning of the analysed language units; it is also used to identify semantic relations between particular components of the analysed language units. The word-formation analysis is used to single out word-formation patterns of the analysed language units. The stylistic analysis is used to study the stylistic colouring of the analysed language units in certain communicative situations. The pragmatic analysis is used to describe the use of the analysed language units as means to exert a pragmatic effect on the reader. The term “antonomasia” has been defined as a stylistic device in which a proper name is used instead of a common noun or vice versa. Antonomasia has been classified into usual and occasional. It has been researched that in the novels by Charlotte Bingham usual antonomasia is mainly represented by language units whose nominative meaning and stylistic potential are completely annihilated (67,1%); language units with partially annihilated nominative meaning are less frequent (32,9%). It has been substantiated that in the researched novels language units of the latter class perform informative and characterological functions. It has been revealed that in the novels by Charlotte Bingham occasional antonomasia is chiefly represented by nicknames and diminutive names (65,5%), while speaking names (23,2%) and occasional antonomasia proper (11,3%) are less frequent. It has been ascertained that in the novels by Charlotte Bingham occasional antonomasia is used to express the author’s subjectivity, perform informative and characterological functions, make readers feel emotion, exert a certain stylistic effect.
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Prickman, Gregory. "Visual Interpretation of the ISTC." In Printing R-Evolution and Society 1450-1500. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-332-8/032.

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The Atlas of Early Printing is an online resource built with GIS tools to depict the spread and development of printing during the incunable period in Europe. It has been online since 2008 and continues to be developed. The site uses data from the Incunabula Short Title Catalog (ISTC) and other sources, providing a visualisation of the databases from which the data is retrieved. The data being visualised is the result of many decades of cataloguing, arranging, publishing, and migrating; the work that followed was informed by material constraints and has left material traces. For the ISTC, an important period in the development of data formats was the work Margaret Bingham Stillwell undertook from 1924 to 1940 for the bibliography Incunabula in American Libraries, a Second Census. The data she gathered were meticulously coordinated through mailing campaigns and organised on cards, and then translated into print according to the publisher’s requirements. The decisions underlying Stillwell’s descriptions were migrated to Frederick Goff’s Third Census and eventually directly into the first version of the ISTC. The structures she developed serve as the foundation for modern efforts to expand beyond the limitations of the short-title format, and to provide the data for geographic and other visualisations.
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de Buhan, P., and S. Montassar. "Numerical simulation of the post-liquefaction behaviour of soils modelled as a Bingham material." In Numerical Models in Geomechanics, 205–10. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833780.ch29.

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"Fig. 12 Radial (Rushton) type impeller. blade angle, it is best to work closely with the manufacturers of the mixer to specify an optimum design for the process. The preceding discussion of axial- and radial-flow turbines has been a very cur-sory survey of what can be a very involved and detailed study. As mentioned above, a large amount of research on these types of mixers is available [13,14]. A detailed dis-cussion of this subject would be beyond the scope of this work. If a blending or sus-pension problem occurs in large production batches, consultation of the references on mixing included at the end of this chapter or, even better, consulting the experts at the major manufacturers of this type of mixer, would be the best place to start. 3. Anchor Mixers An often overlooked mixing device, which is low speed and considered low capabil-ity, is the anchor agitator, so named for its anchorlike shape, as illustrated in Fig. 13. However, this slowly moving agitator makes it possible for many dispersion and emul-sification processes to be accomplished without overshear, aeration, and heat transfer problems. The anchor agitator is a slow (up to 50 rpm) device whose sole function is to rotate the contents of a batch in a radial direction without providing any significant shear. These are high-torque devices that must be designed sturdily to withstand the forces of the high viscosities. Anchor agitators are typically designed to be able to withstand a maximum viscosity beyond which they might actually bend or break. That is, the an-chor itself is built of materials strong enough to withstand the drag of the viscous liq-uid as it passes by the mixer. In addition, the motor has to supply the very high torque requirement that arises when the anchor is stirring viscous materials. When designing the mixer it is important not to understate the viscosity. This is especially important if there is a point in the process where the anchor must be stopped. If this happens, in the case of shear thinning materials, the agitator has to start up from rest in a viscosity much higher than that normally occurring during the process. Products exhibiting pseudoplastic or Bingham plastic behavior are very difficult to move when at rest." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 338–39. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420000955-40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bingham materials"

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Yoo, Jin-Hyeong, and Norman Wereley. "Approximations in Bingham Plastic Analysis of Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Dampers." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1647.

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Dimock, Glen A., Jason E. Lindler, and Norman M. Wereley. "Bingham biplastic analysis of shear thinning and thickening in magnetorheological dampers." In SPIE's 7th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Norman M. Wereley. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.388847.

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Singh, Harinder J., Young-Tai Choi, and Norman M. Wereley. "Optimal Control of Vertically Stroking Crew Seats Employing Magnetorheological Energy Absorbers." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1361.

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Nondimensional analyses of vertical stroking crew seats with adaptive nonlinear magnetorheological energy absorbers (MREA) and magnetorheological shock isolation (MRSI) were addressed in this study. Under consideration were single-degree-of-freedom vertically stroking seat systems consisting of a rigid occupant mass falling with prescribed initial impact velocity (sink rate). The governing equations of the vertical stroking crew seats were derived using nondimensional variables such as nondimensional stroke, velocity, acceleration and time constant, as well as nondimensional Bingham number (i.e., the ratio of MR yield force to viscous force). The critical Bingham number was defined as that Bingham number for which the available stroke was fully utilized and the seat reaches zero velocity at the end of stroke. This was done in order to maximize shock mitigation performance. Two cases were studied: (1) the MREA problem, or the case where no spring was employed in the suspension, so that the seat was used for a single shock event, (2) the MRSI problem, or the case where a spring was employed in the suspension, so that after the initial shock event, the suspension could be used for either vibration isolation or mitigation of subsequent shock events. Nondimensional displacement, velocity and acceleration were analyzed for MREA and MRSI vertical stroking crew seats for three different payload masses of 47, 77 and 97 kg corresponding to 5th percentile (%tile) female, 50th %tile and 95th %tile male, respectively, with initial impact velocities of 4, 5 and 6 m/s. An optimal control solution was derived for both the MREA and MRSI cases. The effects of payload mass and initial impact velocity on the optimal responses of the vertical stroking crew seats were analyzed for a feasible range of Bingham number based on a realistically constrained (in diameter and volume) MR damper design.
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Saleh, Muftah, Ramin Sedaghati, and Rama Bhat. "Crashworthiness Study of Helicopter Skid Landing Gear System Equipped With a Magnetorheological Energy Absorber." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3755.

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The present study concerns with the performance of a skid landing gear (SLG) system of a rotorcraft impacting the ground at a vertical sink rate of 5.0 m/s. The impact attitude is per chapter 527 of the Airworthiness Manual (AWM) of Transport Canada Civil Aviation and FAR Part 27 of the U.S. Federal Aviation Regulation. A single degree of freedom helicopter model is investigated under two rotor lift factors 0.67 and 1.0. Three Configurations are evaluated: a) A conventional SLG; b) SLG equipped with a passive viscous damper and c) SLG incorporated with a magnetorheological energy absorber. The non-dimensional solutions of the helicopter model show that the passive damper system could reduce the maximum acceleration experienced by the helicopter occupants by 21% and 19.8% in comparison to the undamped system for the above rotor lift factors, respectively. However, the passive damper fails to constrain the non-dimensional energy absorption stroke of the damper within the given 18 cm maximum stroke and a bottoming out of the damper piston was noticed. Therefore, the alternative and successful choice was to employ a magnetorheological energy absorber (MREA). To improve the MREA controllability and to resettle the payload with no oscillations, i.e. in one cycle, two different Bingham numbers for compression stroke and rebound stroke were defined in the non-dimensional solution. Several simulations were conducted for different values of Bingham numbers. Among these numerical simulation results, the solution that implemented the optimum Bingham numbers was found to be the only one feasible solution. In this case the MREA with optimum Bingham number for compression could utilize the full energy absorption stroke to attain soft landing. In the rebound stroke, the generated optimal on-state damping force successfully controls the bounce of the payload until the payload settles down to its original equilibrium position with no oscillations.
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Choi, Young-Tai, and Norman M. Wereley. "Comparative analysis of Bingham characteristics of ER/MR fluids with different viscometers." In SPIE's 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Gregory S. Agnes. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472651.

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Murty, V. Dakshina. "Experimental Procedures of Characterizing the Viscoelastic Properties of Certain Materials." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1165.

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Abstract Experimental procedures for characterizing the material properties of viscoelastic materials are proposed. The procedures described are based on extrusion process and squeeze flow process. The fundamental features within each of these procedures are discussed in detail. If the material is assumed to be either a generalized Newtonian fluid or Bingham plastic, the relevant parameters are the viscosity and yield stress. The results of the experiments on these two properties are shown along with the effects of temperature on the yield stress are discussed.
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Rieder, Paul N., and John A. Tichy. "Simulated Behavior of a System With Base Excitation Using an Electrorheological Fluid Damper." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0153.

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Abstract The flow properties of electrorheological (ER) fluids change with the application of an electric field. Presently, these materials are a novelty with few direct applications, but they have drawn considerable interest. Proposed applications include lubricants, dampers, clutches, brakes, etc. Existing ER fluids are best described by the Bingham fluid model. The Bingham material is described by two parameters, a yield shear stress and a viscosity. When the shear stress magnitude exceeds the yield shear stress, quasi-Newtonian flow results; otherwise the material is rigid. For many ER fluids, the yield shear stress is proportional to the square of the applied electric field. In the present study, the Bingham model is applied to a rectangular flow channel. A rigid core forms midway across the film, the core thickness being proportional to the yield shear stress. The damper force is predicted as a function of a dimensionless parameter which depends on the yield shear stress, the flow rate, and channel geometry. Calculations are performed for a simple vibration isolation system. Such a system may represent a smart shock absorber to minimize vibration response to oscillation input from a bumpy road. The ER damper is shown to be effective in isolating vibration within a band of linear behavior.
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Nguyen, Hoang, Cuong Bui, and Thinh Ho. "Numerical study of Bingham flow in a pipe with the presence of a baffle." In THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIONS FOR COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS, 2021: ICEM, 2021. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068359.

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Khalsa, Simranjit, and Ganesh Subbarayan. "Squeeze Flow Models for Thermal Interface Materials Contained Between Parallel Plates and Plates With Posts." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52170.

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In this paper, motivated by a need to develop heat spreaders with post-containing (or nested channeled) configurations, we develop analytical models for the Squeeze Flow behavior of particle-filled Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) between parallel plates and those with posts. The fluids are modeled as either Newtonian, or as Bingham fluids. The pressure distribution is analytically described for axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric configurations of fluids squeezed between parallel plates as well as for non-planar configurations with a cylindrical post at the center of one of the two circular plates. The developed analytical solutions to Newtonian behavior of the fluids are validated using squeeze flow models created in a commercial finite element code (COMSOL). The analysis for non-planar geometries is verified that as the post height is reduced to zero, the developed solution reduces to that of the parallel plate configuration. The influence of the height of the post on the force is systematically analyzed from which it is observed that the force required to compress the fluid increases with the post height. With increased post height, the force solution deviates by a greater amount from the parallel plate solution. The Bond-Line Thickness (BLT) of Newtonian and Bingham fluids contained within circular plates is determined. It is shown that materials with greater yield strength produce higher BLTs. The effect of backpressure is also shown to increase the BLT. Lastly, it is shown that as particles are added into the fluid, the effective viscosity increases and as a result a greater force is required to squeeze the fluid material.
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Krishnamoorthy, Srikumar, Mengyun Zhang, Hongtao Song, and Changxue Xu. "Bingham Fluid-Assisted Fabrication of 3D Vascular-Like Constructs of Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2898.

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Organ printing, which utilizes advanced manufacturing technologies to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) functional organs based on layer-by-layer mechanism, is emerging as a promising solution to solve the organ donor shortage problem affecting all over the world. One of the biggest challenges for fabrication of functional and effective thick tissues/organs is the engineering of vascular networks. This paper introduces a Bingham fluid (Carbopol gel) to assist fabrication of 3D vascular-like constructs of interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels. Carbopol gel as a Bingham fluid exhibits a characteristic yield stress behavior. As the nozzle moves inside Carbopol, the shear stress is larger than the yield stress and the Carbopol gel behaves like a viscous fluid with a specific viscosity. After the nozzle moves away, the shear stress decreases below the yield stress and the Carbopol gel rapidly solidifies behaving like a solid. This unique rheological property is utilized to support and maintain the shape of the fabricated 3D structures, although the fluid printed is not crosslinked. Finally, the fabricated structures are subject to a two-step gelation process to successfully form 3D vascular-like constructs of IPN hydrogels. This novel approach enables effective and efficient fabrication of complex vascular network of IPN hydrogels.
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