Journal articles: 'Binding phases'

1

Lee-Schoenfeld, Vera. "Binding, Phases, and Locality." Syntax 11, no. 3 (December 2008): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2008.00118.x.

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Molina, D., E. Lomba, and G. Kahl. "Tight-binding model of selenium disordered phases." Physical Review B 60, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 6372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.60.6372.

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Harris, A. B., T. C. Lubensky, and E. J. Mele. "Flux phases in two-dimensional tight-binding models." Physical Review B 40, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 2631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.40.2631.

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Pöppl, Álan G., Sandra C. Valle, Félix H. D. González, Luiz C. Kucharski, and Roselis S. M. da Silva. "Insulin binding characteristics in canine muscle tissue: effects of the estrous cycle phases." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 8 (August 2016): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000800014.

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Abstract: Hormonal fluctuations during the different estrous cycle are a well-recognized cause of insulin resistance in bitches, and little is known about insulin receptor binding or post-binding defects associated with insulin resistance in dogs. To evaluate insulin binding characteristics in muscle tissue of bitches during the estrous cycle, 17 owned bitches were used in the study (six in anestrus, five in estrus, and six in diestrus). An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed in all patients by means of injection of 1mL/kg of a glucose 50% solution (500mg/kg), with blood sample collection for glucose determination at 0, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after glucose infusion. Muscle samples, taken after spaying surgery, were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at -80 ºC until the membranes were prepared by sequential centrifugation after being homogenized. For binding studies, membranes were incubated in the presence of 20,000cpm of human 125I-insulin and in increasing concentrations of unlabeled human regular insulin for cold saturation. The IVGTT showed no differences among bitches during the estrous cycle regarding baseline glycemia or glycemic response after glucose infusion. Two insulin binding sites - high-affinity and low-affinity ones - were detected by Scatchard analysis, and significant statistical differences were observed in the dissociation constant (Kd1) and maximum binding capacity (Bmax1) of the high-affinity binding sites. The Kd1 for the anestrus group (6.54±2.77nM/mg of protein) was smaller (P<0.001) than for the estrus (28.54±6.94nM/mg of protein) and diestrus (15.56±3.88nM/mg of protein) groups. Bmax1 in the estrus (0.83±0.42nM/mg of protein) and diestrus (1.24±0.24nM/mg of protein) groups were also higher (P<0.001) than the values observed in anestrus (0.35±0.06nM/mg of protein). These results indicate modulation of insulin binding characteristics during different phases of the estrous cycle in dogs, showing that muscle insulin binding affinity for its receptor is reduced during estrus and diestrus. However, this poor hormone-receptor affinity is compensated for by a greater total binding capacity, once there is no difference in patients' glycemic response after an intravenous glucose load.

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DUFOUR, J. J., X. J. C. DUFOUR, and J. D. VINKO. "PICO-CHEMISTRY: THE POSSIBILITY OF NEW PHASES IN SOME HYDROGEN/METAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 15 (June 4, 2013): 1362038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213620385.

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In the standard model, matter is an assembly of quarks that combine under the action of the strong nuclear force to give nucleons (protons and neutrons), further giving atom nuclei that under the action of the electromagnetic force combine with electrons to render atoms and molecules. Each of these interactions has a well defined range of binding energies. A novel type of purely electromagnetic interaction is proposed, with binding energies and dimensions between chemistry and nuclear. This type of binding could result in completely novel materials (super-conductivity) and potential energy production.

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Patterson, Kristine B., Julie B. Dumond, Heather A. Prince, Amanda J. Jenkins, Kimberly K. Scarsi, Ruili Wang, Stephanie Malone, Michael G. Hudgens, and Angela D. M. Kashuba. "Protein Binding of Lopinavir and Ritonavir During 4 Phases of Pregnancy." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 63, no. 1 (May 2013): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e31827fd47e.

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SAARELA, MIKKO, and TAUNO TAIPALEENMÄKI. "QUANTUM FLUID MIXTURES IN DIFFERENT PHASES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 28 (November 10, 2003): 5227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203020375.

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Variational theory of quantum fluid mixtures is presented with the emphasis on the stability and phase transitions. We give results on two systems where new interesting phases are predicted. Dilute mixtures of 3 He impurities in the liquid 4 He in two dimensions form loosely bound pairs, dimers. The binding energy of the dimer ranges from milli- to micro-Kelvins with increasing 4 He density. The dimerised mixture of 3 He atoms is stable up to maximum solubility of ≈3%. Electrons and holes in semiconductors form a homogeneous mixture, electron-hole liquid. We predict that at low densities this system becomes unstable against clustering of charges and a liquid phase with a mixture of bound charged clusters could be formed.

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SLIWKO, V. L., P. BLAHA, P. MOHN, and K. SCHWARZ. "MAGNETIC PHASES OF BODY CENTERED CUBIC MANGANESE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 07, no. 01n03 (January 1993): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979293001293.

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We have performed Augmented Spherical Wave (ASW) calculations on bcc Mn and confirmed previous results by Moruzzi and Marcus who reported a ferrimagnetic phase. Independent computations employing the full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) method led to similar results. Our ASW results yield the total energy and the magnetic moments as a function of volume assuming different (ferro-, ferri-, antiferro-and non-magnetic) bcc related structures with type I, II, and III spin alignments. We relate the relative stability of various phases to band gaps that open at the Fermi energy for certain volumes. The LAPW symmetry-decomposed partial charges allow to analyze the binding mechanism.

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Nelson, Yarrow M., Leonard W. Lion, Michael L. Shuler, and William C. Ghiorse. "Lead binding to metal oxide and organic phases of natural aquatic biofilms." Limnology and Oceanography 44, no. 7 (October 26, 1999): 1715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.7.1715.

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10

Jayabharathi, Jayaraman, Chockalingam Karunakaran, Venugopal Thanikachalam, and Periyasamy Ramanathan. "Binding and fluorescence enhancing behaviour of phenanthrimidazole with different phases of TiO2." New Journal of Chemistry 38, no. 9 (July 1, 2014): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj00610k.

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11

Nichtl-Pecher, W., W. Stammler, K. Heinz, and K. Müller. "Hydrogen on rhodium (311): Commensurate adsorption phases, reconstruction, and subsurface binding states." Physical Review B 43, no. 9 (March 15, 1991): 6946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.43.6946.

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12

Pernaselci, A., and M. Cini. "Si CVV Auger line shapes: tight binding model with inter-atomic phases." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 82, no. 1-2 (November 1996): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2048(96)03039-3.

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13

Michelon, M. F., and A. Antonelli. "Nonphysical thermodynamical phases in L12 intermetallic alloys from semiempirical tight-binding potentials." Computational Materials Science 42, no. 1 (March 2008): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.06.009.

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14

Muschiol, U., J. Lenz, E. Schwarz, and K. Christmann. "Interaction of hydrogen with Re(101̄0):H binding states and ordered phases." Surface Science 331-333 (July 1995): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)00175-1.

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15

Jimenez-Orozco, Carlos, Elizabeth Flórez, Alejandro Montoya, and Jose A. Rodriguez. "Binding and activation of ethylene on tungsten carbide and platinum surfaces." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 31 (2019): 17332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03214b.

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Bérubé, Luc R., Hervé Jouishomme, and Harold C. Jarrell. "The nonrandom binding distribution ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto type II pneumocytes in culture is dependent on the relative distribution of cells among the phases of the cell cycle." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-025.

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The adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to epithelial (A549) lung cells was studied and the bacterial binding distribution was found to be nonrandom (non-Gaussian). Analysis of the dependency of bacterial binding on the cell cycle of A549 cells revealed that approximately 1.8 times more bacteria bind to G2cells than to G0-G1phase cells. Furthermore, bacterial binding curves exhibited a plateau of binding to G2cells at a normalized bacteria to cell ratio approximately 1.8 times larger than that at which the plateau of binding to G0-G1cell was observed. Since G2cells are on average 1.4-1.8 times larger than G0-G1cells, the results indicate that bacterial binding is proportional to cell size and not to the preferential binding (higher affinity) of bacteria to A549 cells in the G2phase. Finally, the non-Gaussian distribution of bacterial binding could be mathematically modeled by a linear combination of three Gaussian distributions each representing bacterial binding to cells in a particular phase of the cell cycle (G0-G1, S, and G2-M). Because the Gaussian function contains a term that takes into account the relative number of cells in each of the phases, this last result implies that the overall (non-Gaussian) binding distribution (and hence the median of bacterial binding) can be highly sensitive to the relative proportion of cells in the various phases of the cell cycle.Key words: bacterial adherence, Streptococcus pneumoniae, flow cytometry, cell cycle.

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Kudolo, G. B., F. N. Mbai, and R. M. Eley. "Reproduction in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops): endometrial oestrogen and progestin receptor dynamics during normal and prolonged menstrual cycles." Journal of Endocrinology 110, no. 3 (September 1986): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1100429.

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ABSTRACT Sixteen individually caged adult female vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), whose reproductive parameters had been studied for 5 years, were hysterectomized/ovariectomized during three reproductive states; i.e. the late follicular (15·4 ± 4·7 (s.d.) days) and luteal (27·8 ± 4·7 days) phases of the normal cycle (20–50 days), and during prolonged intermenstrual intervals (PII; 99·0 ± 2·5 days since the previous menses). These latter animals showed characteristics of both follicular and luteal phases; i.e. their ovaries contained both corpora lutea and large antral follicles and systemic oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were raised. Analysis of cytoplasmic oestrogen and progestin receptors (CER and CPR) revealed that endometrium during PII had CER levels of 0·58 ± 0·07 pmol/mg protein, similar to those of the follicular phase (0·60 ± 0·12); CPR levels (1·20 ± 0·87) were not different from those of the luteal phase (1·05 ± 0·45). The ratio of CPR to CER during the luteal phase was about tenfold higher than that of the follicular phase. Levels during PII were intermediate between the two phases. Under receptoractivating conditions, the DNA-binding components of the PII cytoplasmic fraction underwent over 40% loss while those present during both phases of the normal cycle doubled. The hormone-binding sites at all times remained intact indicating that the DNA and hormone-binding sites are distinct on both CER and CPR. Less than 50% interaction of CER/CPR with DNA-cellulose was obtained, indicating the presence of only limited quantities of cytoplasmic activating factors which may be a prerequisite for receptor binding to the genome. During PII, factors which deactivate DNA-binding sites may also have been induced. Extensive accumulation of nuclear oestrogen receptor was evident in PII endometrium with 80% being salt-resistant. This level is higher than that in the follicular and luteal phases (37 and 52% respectively). These data, suggesting a possible aberration of receptor activation in vitro and receptor processing in vivo, may be indicative of endometrial dysfunction during PII. This could lead to a delay in menstruation. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 429–439

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18

Cheisson, Thibault, Jiwen Jian, Jing Su, Teresa M. Eaton, Michael R. Gau, Patrick J. Carroll, Enrique R. Batista, Ping Yang, John K. Gibson, and Eric J. Schelter. "Halide anion discrimination by a tripodal hydroxylamine ligand in gas and condensed phases." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 36 (2019): 19868–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03764k.

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19

Boiardi, J. L., and M. L. Galar. "Nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. as affected by Rhizobium phaseoli growth phase." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-011.

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The influence of culture age and of growth rate on the nodulation ability of strain F 45 str. Rhizobium phaseoli was studied. Roots of Phaseolus vulgaris L., grown in pouches, were infected with rhizobial suspensions (about 1 × 105 cells/root) taken from different batch cultures at different growth phases. After 24 h the free bacterial population was inhibited by adding tetracycline to the rooting medium. Nodules were counted 15–20 days after inoculation. More nodulation was obtained with rhizobia from early, mid, or late exponential phase than from lag or stationary phases. Differences in nodulation obtained had no correlation to the root attachment capacity of the cells nor to the rhizobial binding to Phaseolus vulgaris L. seed lectin. Bacterial attachment to bean roots was maximal with stationary phase bacteria, while lectin binding reached its maximal value with early exponential phase rhizobia, being very low with mid exponential phase cells. These results suggested that the difference in nodulation achieved with Rhizobium phaseoli at different growth phases could be caused by a step of the infection process not related to early (1 h) microbial attachment to roots nor to bacterial binding to Phaseolus vulgaris L. lectin.

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20

Shraberg, Joshua, Steven W. Rick, Nalaka Rannulu, and Richard B. Cole. "A study of procyanidin binding to Histatin 5 using Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and molecular simulations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 18 (2015): 12247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05586a.

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21

Xin, Rui-Feng, and Xing-Min Guo. "A Study of the Crystallization Properties of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 Glass Phase in Sinter." Metals 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12060915.

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The glass phase is one of the binding phases in high-basicity sinter, which is mainly formed during a high-temperature cooling process while cannot crystallize in time. The phase still involves the “structure” information of the binding phase’s liquid phase in the sinter. In addition, the generation of glassy phases can seriously deteriorate the metallurgical properties of sintered ore. However, the formation mechanism and crystallization process of glass phases are still unclear. In this work, the glass phase and the crystallized samples of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system were characterized using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of alkalinity (R) and Al2O3 on crystallization and the relationship between crystallization and structure are discussed. The results showed that the chemical composition significantly influences the crystallization of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 glass. Decreasing basicity (R = 0.8–1.2, the mass ratio of CaO and SiO2) favors the crystallization of the glass phase, while increasing the content of Al2O3 (9–12%) can inhibit the crystallization of the glass phase. In addition, the crystallization order of the 45mass%CaO-45mass%SiO2-10mass%Al2O3 sample is CaSiO3 → CaAl2O4. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that increase of slag basicity promoted the aggregation degree (Q3/Q2), resulting in deterioration of the glass phase crystallization. and that the glass phase crystallization deteriorated as the aggregation degree increased. However, increasing the Al2O3 content has little effect on the agglomeration degree but does promote the formation of SiO4 tetrahedra (Q0), which results in the deterioration of glass-phase crystallization.

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Cao, Jun, Shuaiyu Liu, Jie Xiong, Yingjun Chen, and Zhenkun Zhang. "Stimuli responsive chiral liquid crystal phases of phenylboronic acid functionalized rodlike viruses and their interaction with biologically important diols." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 72 (2014): 10402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04639k.

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23

Ito, M., A. Sharma, A. S. Lee, and R. Maxson. "Cell cycle regulation of H2b histone octamer DNA-binding activity in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 2 (February 1989): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.2.869-873.1989.

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The promoter regions of H2b histone genes contain a 14-base-pair element which includes the octamer ATTTGCAT. Mutational analysis has implicated the octamer element in the cell cycle-dependent expression of H2b histone genes. In this report, we address the question of whether the DNA-binding activity of the octamer transcription factor is itself cell cycle regulated. By using a gel mobility shift assay, we measured the relative amounts of octamer-binding activity during various phases of the cell cycle in serum-synchronized Chinese hamster fibroblasts. We found that the activity increased approximately fivefold between late G1 phase and early S phase and then decreased threefold between late S phase and G2 phase. These cell cycle-dependent changes in octamer DNA-binding activity may in part account for the selective transcription of H2b histone genes in late G1 and S phases.

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Ito, M., A. Sharma, A. S. Lee, and R. Maxson. "Cell cycle regulation of H2b histone octamer DNA-binding activity in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 2 (February 1989): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.2.869.

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The promoter regions of H2b histone genes contain a 14-base-pair element which includes the octamer ATTTGCAT. Mutational analysis has implicated the octamer element in the cell cycle-dependent expression of H2b histone genes. In this report, we address the question of whether the DNA-binding activity of the octamer transcription factor is itself cell cycle regulated. By using a gel mobility shift assay, we measured the relative amounts of octamer-binding activity during various phases of the cell cycle in serum-synchronized Chinese hamster fibroblasts. We found that the activity increased approximately fivefold between late G1 phase and early S phase and then decreased threefold between late S phase and G2 phase. These cell cycle-dependent changes in octamer DNA-binding activity may in part account for the selective transcription of H2b histone genes in late G1 and S phases.

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Horn, D., D. Sagi, and M. Usher. "Segmentation, Binding, and Illusory Conjunctions." Neural Computation 3, no. 4 (December 1991): 510–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1991.3.4.510.

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We investigate binding within the framework of a model of excitatory and inhibitory cell assemblies that form an oscillating neural network. Our model is composed of two such networks that are connected through their inhibitory neurons. The excitatory cell assemblies represent memory patterns. The latter have different meanings in the two networks, representing two different attributes of an object, such as shape and color. The networks segment an input that contains mixtures of such pairs into staggered oscillations of the relevant activities. Moreover, the phases of the oscillating activities representing the two attributes in each pair lock with each other to demonstrate binding. The system works very well for two inputs, but displays faulty correlations when the number of objects is larger than two. In other words, the network conjoins attributes of different objects, thus showing the phenomenon of “illusory conjunctions,” as in human vision.

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Carvell, Melvin, Denver G. Hall, Ian G. Lyle, and Gordon J. T. Tiddy. "Surfactant–water interactions in lamellar phases. An equilibrium binding description of interbilayer forces." Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 81 (1986): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dc9868100223.

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Cheng, Rong, Wen-Cai Lu, K. M. Ho, and C. Z. Wang. "Characterization of three phases of liquid carbon by tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 26 (2020): 14630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01875a.

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We have performed tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations to study the structures and properties of liquid carbon with the density ranging from 1.4 to 3.5 g cm⁻³, and identified three liquid carbon phases at different density regime.

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Yu, Kuang-Chung, Li-Jyur Tsai, Shih-Hsiung Chen, Dong-Jang Chang, and Shien-Tsong Ho. "MULTIVARIATE CORRELATIONS OF GEOCHEMICAL BINDING PHASES OF HEAVY METALS IN CONTAMINATED RIVER SEDIMENT." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 36, no. 1 (February 2001): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ese-100000467.

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Shigeta, R., K. Forest, L. Yan, D. Kahne, and C. E. Schutt. "Isomorphous binding of mercury-substituted thiosaccharides to pertussis toxin crystals yields crystallographic phases." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444993009382.

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Iannuzzi, Marcella, Paolo Raiteri, and Leo Miglio. "Self-diffusion of silicon in TiSi2 competing phases by tight-binding molecular dynamics." Computational Materials Science 20, no. 3-4 (March 2001): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0256(00)00199-3.

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Lai, K. M., K. L. Johnson, M. D. Scrimshaw, and J. N. Lester. "Binding of Waterborne Steroid Estrogens to Solid Phases in River and Estuarine Systems." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 18 (September 2000): 3890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9912729.

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Lu, Linnu, Yongjia He, and Shuguang Hu. "Binding materials of dehydrated phases of waste hardened cement paste and pozzolanic admixture." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 24, no. 1 (February 2009): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-009-1140-6.

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Cheng, Huifang, Ruilin Zhang, Taihao Li, Xiongwei Peng, Meng Xia, Yulong Xiao, and Xiaohong Cheng. "Synthesis and self-assembly of bent core polycatenar mesogens with binding selectivity to Hg2+." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 16 (2017): 8443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00225d.

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Muller, W. A., and S. A. Weigl. "Monocyte-selective transendothelial migration: dissection of the binding and transmigration phases by an in vitro assay." Journal of Experimental Medicine 176, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.3.819.

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We describe a quantitative assay of transendothelial migration (TEM) that allows us to selectively study the interaction of monocytes with confluent human endothelial cell (HEC) monolayers. The HEC are grown on hydrated collagen gels; the monocytes need not be purified. 100% of monocytes transmigrated the monolayer within 1 h at 37 degrees C and accumulated in the subendothelial collagen; TEM of lymphocytes was not detected within this time. Migration of neutrophils from the same donor was much slower and incomplete, with only 14% of PMN transmigrating in 2 h. This rapid TEM occurs in the absence of exogenous chemoattractants, and HEC in this system do not express cytokine-inducible leukocyte adhesion molecules. A slight modification of the TEM assay allowed us to separate binding to the apical HEC surface from TEM. We found that tight apical surface binding was the rate-limiting step for TEM. Two-thirds of this binding and TEM could be blocked by a monoclonal antibody against the leukocyte beta 2 integrin chain CD18. This assay will allow us to dissect the mechanisms of both the binding and transmigration stages of diapedesis.

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Giet, Olivier, Dirk R. Van Bockstaele, Ivano Di Stefano, Sandra Huygen, Roland Greimers, Yves Beguin, and André Gothot. "Increased binding and defective migration across fibronectin of cycling hematopoietic progenitor cells." Blood 99, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 2023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.6.2023.

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Abstract Engraftment of hematopoietic progenitor cells has been shown to decrease during cell cycle transit. We studied cell cycle–associated changes in adhesion and migration of mitotically activated cord blood CD34+ cells. Migration toward medium conditioned by the stromal-derived factor-1–producing cell line MS-5 was studied in bovine serum albumin– and fibronectin (Fn)–coated transwells. Migration was reduced in cycling CD34+ cells and long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs) compared with their noncycling counterparts across Fn but not across bovine serum albumin. Conversely, Fn binding was higher in cycling CD34+ cells and LTC-ICs compared with noncycling progenitor cells, while adhesion of both subsets to bovine serum albumin was undetectable. The contribution of α4 and α5 integrins in mediating adhesion and migration of activated CD34+ cells onto Fn was analyzed by neutralization experiments. While α4-mediated Fn binding decreased during G2/M, α5 integrin–mediated adhesion increased during transit from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases. As for migration, the contribution of α4 integrin was similar in all phases, whereas α5-directed migration was lower in G2/M compared with G0/G1and S phases. Defective migration of cycling CD34+ cells was not due to differences in α5 integrin expression. In conclusion, chemotaxis across Fn is less efficient in cycling progenitor cells in correlation with an increased Fn binding capacity. In addition, α4 and α5 integrin functions are independently modulated during cell cycle transit.

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Calvert, Peter D., Victor I. Govardovskii, Vadim Y. Arshavsky, and Clint L. Makino. "Two Temporal Phases of Light Adaptation in Retinal Rods." Journal of General Physiology 119, no. 2 (January 17, 2002): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.119.2.129.

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Vertebrate rod photoreceptors adjust their sensitivity as they adapt during exposure to steady light. Light adaptation prevents the rod from saturating and significantly extends its dynamic range. We examined the time course of the onset of light adaptation in bullfrog rods and compared it with the projected onset of feedback reactions thought to underlie light adaptation on the molecular level. We found that adaptation developed in two distinct temporal phases: (1) a fast phase that operated within seconds after the onset of illumination, which is consistent with most previous reports of a 1–2-s time constant for the onset of adaptation; and (2) a slow phase that engaged over tens of seconds of continuous illumination. The fast phase desensitized the rods as much as 80-fold, and was observed at every light intensity tested. The slow phase was observed only at light intensities that suppressed more than half of the dark current. It provided an additional sensitivity loss of up to 40-fold before the rod saturated. Thus, rods achieved a total degree of adaptation of ∼3,000-fold. Although the fast adaptation is likely to originate from the well characterized Ca2+-dependent feedback mechanisms regulating the activities of several phototransduction cascade components, the molecular mechanism underlying slow adaptation is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the slow adaptation phase is mediated by cGMP dissociation from noncatalytic binding sites on the cGMP phosphodiesterase, which has been shown to reduce the lifetime of activated phosphodiesterase in vitro. Although cGMP dissociated from the noncatalytic binding sites in intact rods with kinetics approximating that for the slow adaptation phase, this hypothesis was ruled out because the intensity of light required for cGMP dissociation far exceeded that required to evoke the slow phase. Other possible mechanisms are discussed.

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Markowsky, Susan J., Debra J. Skaar, Joan M. Christie, Steven D. Eyer, and David J. Ehresman. "Phenytoin Protein Binding and Dosage Requirements during Acute and Convalescent Phases following Brain Injury." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 5 (May 1996): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000501.

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OBJECTIVE: TO longitudinally evaluate unbound and total serum Phenytoin concentrations during intravenous phenytoin maintenance dosage and to determine the relationship among phenytoin protein binding, serum albumin, and unbound fatty acid concentrations in patients with head injuries during intensive care unit (ICU) and convalescent care. DESIGN: Serum albumin and phenytoin unbound fraction were determined twice weekly during ICU and convalescent care in 10 patients receiving phenytoin following acute brain injury. Phenytoin protein binding was also determined in 10 healthy control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Longitudinal serum phenytoin concentrations associated with dosage adjustments targeted to achieve unbound phenytoin serum concentrations between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L were documented during ICU and convalescent care. Longitudinal phenytoin protein binding was correlated with serum albumin and unbound fatty acid concentrations in neurotrauma patients. RESULTS: ICU patients received intravenous therapy for a mean of 15.0 days. The mean ± SD initial phenytoin intravenous dosage regimen of 6.0 ± 0.7 mg/kg/d resulted in mean ± SD total and unbound phenytoin concentrations of 3.2 ± 2.3 and 0.3 ± 0.2 mg/L. Two patients had seizures associated with low phenytoin concentrations. Four patients continued to receive oral phenytoin therapy during convalescent care; phenytoin dosage requirements decreased over time in these patients. During acute and convalescent care, the phenytoin unbound fraction ranged from 6.0% to 18.3% and correlated with albumin (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.0001) but did not correlate with unbound fatty acid concentrations. The mean phenytoin unbound fraction was 10.1% and 8.9% for the ICU and convalescent patients with brain injuries, respectively, and was 7.0% for the healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: Phenytoin protein binding was significantly correlated with albumin and was more variable in ICU and convalescent patients with brain injuries than in healthy volunteers. The high dosage requirements and subtherapeutic unbound phenytoin concentrations observed during acute care are best explained by increased metabolism. Phenytoin dosage requirements decreased during convalescence.

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Westmark, Pamela, and John P. Sheehan. "Antithrombin- and Heparin-Binding Exosites Regulate Extravascular Binding and Clearance of Factor IXa." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131580.

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Introduction: Administration of increasing doses of FIX to hemophilia B (HB) mice reveals that the extravascular compartment is capable of binding several-fold more FIX than circulates in the plasma (Cooley et al., Blood 2019). FIX binds rapidly and reversibly to vascular endothelium and the extravascular matrix, in part mediated by interaction of the Gla domain with collagen IV (Col IV). Anticoagulant heparan sulphate and Col IV localize predominantly to the basement membrane and supramolecular structure analysis suggests that heparan sulphate chains are integrated into Col IV-containing networks. Previous work has demonstrated the contribution of the heparin and antithrombin (AT) binding exosites on the protease domain to the regulation of FIXa activity. We now compare the contribution of these protease exosites to in vivo recovery and clearance of the FIX(a) protease and zymogen in hemophilia A (HA) or HB mice. Methods: Recombinant human FIX variants expressed in HEK293 cells with substitutions in the AT- (R150A) and heparin-binding (K126A/K132A) exosites (chymotrypsinogen #) were purified to homogeneity and activated to FIXa with FXIa. FIX(a) pharmacokinetics (PK) in HA or HB mice were determined with injection of a weight-based dose into the tail vein. Serial retro-orbital blood samples were collected, plasma isolated and FIX(a) content determined with a human FIX specific ELISA. FIX(a) concentrations were plotted versus time and fit to the equation: [IX]t = [IX]max*(C1*e(-k1*t)+ C2*e(-k2*t)), where k1and k2are rate constants for the initial and terminal elimination phases, respectively. As the 4-parameter fit resulted in some large error estimates, the two phases were fit separately to estimate the respective parameters. Results: PK for clearance of predicted 30% plasma levels of human FIXa (5 min to 3 hr) or FIX (5 min to 25 hr) were examined in HA (Fig 1) or HB mice (Fig 2), respectively. HA mice were employed for FIXa to avoid in vivoclot formation triggered by active protease. Notably, FIXa plasma clearance was relatively prolonged with ~50% of recovered antigen levels present at 25-30 min post-injection. Similar to FIX, the pattern of FIXa plasma clearance suggested a 2-compartment model with initial and terminal phases of elimination. FIXa WT demonstrated approximately ~23% recovery of predicted levels at 5 min in HA mice, similar to the zymogen (21%) in HB mice (Table I). FIXa R150A (reduced AT affinity) demonstrated markedly enhance recovery (43%) in HA mice relative to WT, while FIX R150A (24%) in HB mice which was similar to WT. FIXa K126A/132A (reduced heparin affinity) demonstrated markedly enhanced recovery (55%) in HA mice, slightly enhanced relative to the similarly increased zymogen recovery (48%) in HB mice. FIXa WT-GGACK (active site inhibited) demonstrated similar recovery to the unmodified FIXa WT with a significantly faster rate of clearance (2.2 fold) in the initial phase (k1) and a significantly slower rate of clearance (3.6-fold) in the terminal phase (k2). Overall, the initial rate (k1) was not significantly different among the active FIXa variants in HA mice or among zymogen variants in HB mice. However, comparison of individual proteases variants to their respective zymogens demonstrated that the initial rate (k1) of plasma clearance was 2-3 fold faster for the proteases, while the terminal rate (k2) was 5-9 fold faster (FIXa R150 had the smallest relative increase). Conclusions: The 2-phase elimination pattern for FIXa suggests that significant amounts of protease may exist in a non-circulating extravascular pool, similar to the zymogen. Further, clearance of FIXa antigen from mouse plasma is prolonged, consistent with the half-life of FIXa activity in human plasma (~41 min). FIXa variants with reduced affinity for AT (R150A) or heparin (K126A/K132A) showed enhanced recovery compared to FIXa WT, suggesting that these protease exosites make independent contributions to the extravascular binding of FIXa. The heparin exosite makes a similar contribution to zymogen binding to extravascular sites, but the AT exosite does not, likely due to being unavailable in the zymogen. Active site inhibited FIXa (GGACK) demonstrates an accelerated initial elimination phase relative to FIXa WT, suggesting re-distribution of the protein is conformation-dependent. The subsequent terminal elimination phase was slowed, consistent with an inability to be inhibited and cleared by AT Disclosures Sheehan: Pfizer: Research Funding; Bioverativ: Consultancy; Genetech: Consultancy.

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Nehring, Mary, Sierra Pugh, Tina Dihle, Emily Gallichotte, Terry Nett, Eric Weber, Christie Mayo, et al. "Laboratory-Based SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Serologic Assays Perform with Equivalent Sensitivity and Specificity to Commercial FDA-EUA Approved Tests." Viruses 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010106.

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During early phases of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, many research laboratories repurposed their efforts towards developing diagnostic testing that could aid public health surveillance while commercial and public diagnostic laboratories developed capacity and validated large scale testing methods. Simultaneously, the rush to produce point-of-care and diagnostic facility testing resulted in FDA Emergency Use Authorization with scarce and poorly validated clinical samples. Here, we review serologic test results from 186 serum samples collected in early phases of the pandemic (May 2020) from skilled nursing facilities tested with six laboratory-based and two commercially available assays. Serum neutralization titers were used to set cut-off values using positive to negative ratio (P/N) analysis to account for batch effects. We found that laboratory-based receptor binding domain (RBD) binding assays had equivalent or superior sensitivity and specificity compared to commercially available tests. We also determined seroconversion rate and compared with qPCR outcomes. Our work suggests that research laboratory assays can contribute reliable surveillance information and should be considered important adjuncts to commercial laboratory testing facilities during early phases of disease outbreaks.

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40

Arabnejad, Saeid, Koichi Yamashita, and Sergei Manzhos. "Defects in crystalline PVDF: a density functional theory-density functional tight binding study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 11 (2017): 7560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00510e.

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We present a comparative density functional theory (DFT) and density functional tight binding (DFTB) study of structures, energetics, vibrational properties as well as electronic structures of the four crystalline phases of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with different types of defects.

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41

Zakine, Ruben, Dasith de Silva Edirimuni, Doru Constantin, Paolo Galatola, and Jean-Baptiste Fournier. "Interaction and structuration of membrane-binding and membrane-excluding colloidal particles in lamellar phases." Soft Matter 15, no. 21 (2019): 4351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00230h.

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Within the framework of a discrete Gaussian model, we present analytical results, Monte Carlo simulations, and comparison with experimental data for the interaction between colloidal particles embedded in a lamellar phase.

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42

Titirici, M. Magdalena, Andrew J. Hall, and Börje Sellergren. "Hierarchically Imprinted Stationary Phases: Mesoporous Polymer Beads Containing Surface-Confined Binding Sites for Adenine." Chemistry of Materials 14, no. 1 (January 2002): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm011207+.

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Bull, David C., and R. Bruce Williamson. "Prediction of Principal Metal-Binding Solid Phases in Estuarine Sediments from Color Image Analysis." Environmental Science & Technology 35, no. 8 (April 2001): 1658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0015646.

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44

Aoki, D., H. Kawakami, S. Nozawa, Y. Udagawa, R. Iizuka, and H. Hirano. "Differences in lectin binding patterns of normal human endometrium between proliferative and secretory phases." Histochemistry 92, no. 3 (1989): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00500916.

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45

Li, Weijia, Huijun Zhao, Peter R. Teasdale, Richard John, and Feiyue Wang. "Metal speciation measurement by diffusive gradients in thin films technique with different binding phases." Analytica Chimica Acta 533, no. 2 (March 2005): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.019.

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46

Brandt, Philip W., and Corrado Poggesi. "A Second Look at the Two Phases of Ca2+ Binding to Fast Skinned Fibers." Biophysical Journal 98, no. 3 (January 2010): 150a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.807.

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47

Zhang, Da-Peng, Zi-Lian Zhang, Jia Chen, and Jiang Lu. "Changes in Kinetic Characteristics of the ABA Binding Protein(s) of the Grapevine Fruit during Different Stages of Fruit Development." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 686e—686. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.686e.

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By using the micro-volume radio-ligand binding essay, the changes in the kinetic characteristics of the abscisic acid (ABA)-binding protein(s) of the Kyhoh grapevine (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) fruit during the different stages of fruit development have been studied. The changes in the berry volume growth, concentration of sugar, organic acids, and ABA in fruit mesocarp have been surveyed, especially for studies of ABA-binding protein. The dissociation constant (Kd) and ABA binding maximum (Bmax) were determined by the Scatchard plots for ABA binding in microsomes of the fruit. They are Kd = 17.5, 50.0, 6.3, 13.3 nmol·L–1; Bmax = 98.6, 523.0, 41.6, 85.4 μmol·mg–1 protein, respectively, for the fruit developmental phase I, II, veraison, and phase III. The Scatchard plots showed a rectilinear function for all of the developmental phases including veraison, which suggests the sole ABA-binding site of high affinity for ABA in the fruit microsomes, but this site could either be only one kind of the same protein or consist of more kinds of different proteins for different developmental stages. The binding affinity of ABA-binding protein(s) for ABA was shown to be higher at veraison time than during other developmental phases; this binding affinity increased nearly by 10 times from phase II to veraison, while the concentration (Bmax) of the ABA-binding protein(s) decreased to the minimum at veraison. The very low concentration of ABA at veraison may be able to trigger the onset of fruit ripening due to the increase of the binding affinity of ABA-binding protein(s) for ABA at this time. The possible functions of the ABA-binding protein(s) for fruit development during the different developmental stages were discussed, and it is suggested that the protein(s) detected could be the putative ABA receptor(s) or transporter(s) for the action of this plant hormone in grapevine.

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Miryuk, Olga. "Effect of additives on hydration and hardening of magnesia compositions." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825101020.

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The article is devoted to the investigation of the influence of technological factors on the hydration and hardening of magnesia compositions. The objective – is investigation magnesia compositions with different additives. Factors which impact activity of magnesium oxide in compositions of different structure are investigated. Influence of liquid density on hardening of magnesium bindings is defined. Processes of hydration and hardening of magnesium bindings with participation of minerals – silicates are investigated. It is revealed that the addition of semi-aquatic calcium sulfate contributes to the hardening of magnesia binders. Defined effect of concentration calcium sulfate hemihydrate to the hardening of caustic magnesite. Here are proposed structures of sulphomagnesium compositions containing technogenic components. It revealed a beneficial effect on the hardening of ferrous component of the mixed magnesia binder. Composition of hydration products of magnesium binding with participation of ferriferous minerals is presented. Transformations of phases at hydration of magnesium binding are revealed. Influence of structure of bindings on transformations of hydrates is established. Results of research of magnesia bindings of long hardening are given. It is shown that the durability of stone of bindings is provided with dense structure of hydrates. In researches are used X – Ray and thermal methods, electronic microscopy.

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Gorczyńska-Zawiślan, Wioletta, Ewa Benko, and Piotr Klimczyk. "CBN Composites with a Nanosized Binding Phase." Solid State Phenomena 106 (September 2005): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.106.149.

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In this work cBN-TiN composites were studied. The composites were prepared by the HPHT technique (p=8 GPa, T=1750 0C). A TiN binding phase was used in two forms: as micro and nanomaterials. Thermodynamic calculations showed that formation of new phases in the cBNTiN composites was not possible in the experimental conditions which was confirmed by XRD investigations carried out. The surface morphology of nanocomposites was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The structure of these composites was compact; a TiN phase was uniformly distributed between cBN grains. Hardness was measured by the Vickers method using an indentation load of 9.81 N. The hardness of the investigated samples was dependent on the volume and grain size of the binding phase. Young's modulus of elasticity was determined, but its value was found to be dependent on the grain size of the TiN phase.

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Wang, Jian-Hong, and Zhan-Yong Zhao. "First Principle Study of MgSnLa Compounds in Mg-3Sn-1Mn-1La Alloy Processed by Rheo-Rolling." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041361.

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In order to obtain a high-performance heat-resistant Mg alloy during the rheo-rolling process, the electronic structure, elastic constants, binding energy and thermodynamic properties of the MgSnLa compounds were conducted by first-principle calculations. The results show that the MgSnLa compounds (La5Sn3, Mg17La2 and Mg2Sn) all show certain metallicity, and La5Sn3 has better mechanical properties (higher bulk modulus (46.47091 GPa) and shear modulus (26.40561 GPa)) than the other two phases. The binding energy reveals that La5Sn3 is the most stable phase in these composite phases (5.33 eV/atom); additionally, thermodynamic studies show that the structural stability of the MgSnLa compounds increases with the increase in temperature, and the temperature has the greatest effect on the stability of Mg17La2. These all provide an efficient guide for the widespread engineering applications of high-performance heat-resistant Mg alloy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Binding phases'

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