Journal articles: 'Binary input/output system'

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Anashin, Vladimir. "Discreteness causes waves." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 14, no. 3 (2016): 143–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1603143a.

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In the paper, we show that matter waves can be derived from discreteness and causality. Namely we show that matter waves can naturally be ascribed to finite discrete causal systems, the Mealy automata having binary input/output which are bit sequences. If assign real numerical values (?measured quantities?) to bit sequences, the waves arise as a correspondence between the numerical values of input sequences (?impacts?) and output sequences (?system-evoked responses?). We show that among all discrete causal systems with arbitrary (not necessarily binary) inputs/outputs, only the ones with binary input/output can be ascribed to matter waves ?(x,t) = ei(kx??t).

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Gurevich, Yuri, and Saharon Shelah. "Time polynomial in input or output." Journal of Symbolic Logic 54, no. 3 (September 1989): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274767.

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AbstractWe introduce the class PIO of functions computable in time that is polynomial in max {the length of input, the length of output}, observe that there is no notation system for total PIO functions but there are notation systems for partial PIO functions, and give an algebra of partial PIO functions from binary strings to binary strings.

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Alderman, Phillip D. "Parallel gridded simulation framework for DSSAT-CSM (version 4.7.5.21) using MPI and NetCDF." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): 6541–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6541-2021.

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Abstract. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer Cropping Systems Model (DSSAT-CSM) is a widely used crop modeling system that has been integrated into large-scale modeling frameworks. Existing frameworks generate spatially explicit simulated outputs at grid points through an inefficient process of translation from binary spatially referenced inputs to point-specific text input files, followed by translation and aggregation back from point-specific text output files to binary spatially referenced outputs. The main objective of this paper was to document the design and implementation of a parallel gridded simulation framework for DSSAT-CSM. A secondary objective was to provide preliminary analysis of execution time and scaling of the new parallel gridded framework. The parallel gridded framework includes improved code for model-internal data transfer, gridded input–output with the Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) library, and parallelization of simulations using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). Validation simulations with the DSSAT-CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-Wheat model revealed subtle discrepancies in simulated yield due to the rounding of soil parameters in the input routines of the standard DSSAT-CSM. Utilizing NetCDF for direct input–output produced a 3.7- to 4-fold reduction in execution time compared to R- and text-based input–output. Parallelization improved execution time for both versions with between 12.2- (standard version) and 13.4-fold (parallel gridded version) speed-up when comparing 1 to 16 compute cores. Estimates of parallelization of computation ranged between 99.2 % (standard version) and 97.3 % (parallel gridded version), indicating potential for scaling to higher numbers of compute cores.

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Oualla, Hicham, Mathieu Pouliquen, Miloud Frikel, and Said Safi. "Recursive identification of IIR system using binary input/output measurements." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 40, no. 4 (2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2022.125549.

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Safi, Said, Miloud Frikel, Hicham Oualla, and Mathieu Pouliquen. "Recursive identification of IIR system using binary input/output measurements." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 40, no. 4 (2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2022.10050542.

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Yum, Bong-Jin, and Seong-Jun Kim. "On parameter design of binary-input-and-binary-output dynamic systems." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 9, no. 6 (November 1993): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.4680090603.

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Singh, Gajendra Pratap, and Sujit Kumar Singh. "Petri Net Recommender System for Generating of Perfect Binary Tree." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2019040101.

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In modeling a discrete event driven system, Petri net recommender systems can play a very important role in describing the structural and behavioral properties of complex and tricky networks. The finite and infinite perfect binary tree forms a predictive model which can map the input information to output information based on the inputs' attributes. A perfect binary tree can be used for three types of recommender systems such as: collaborative filtering, a content-based approach, and a hybrid approach. In this article, the authors show the existence of a Petri net whose reachability tree is a Perfect Infinite Binary Tree (PIBT).

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Collins, R., J. Pemberton, S. J. D. Phoenix, and J. A. D. Matthew. "Output velocity distribution of a Langevin system with random binary input." European Journal of Physics 9, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/9/4/013.

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Zhao, Yujie, Zhanyong Tang, Guixin Ye, Xiaoqing Gong, and Dingyi Fang. "Input-Output Example-Guided Data Deobfuscation on Binary." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (December 13, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4646048.

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Data obfuscation is usually used by malicious software to avoid detection and reverse analysis. When analyzing the malware, such obfuscations have to be removed to restore the program into an easier understandable form (deobfuscation). The deobfuscation based on program synthesis provides a good solution for treating the target program as a black box. Thus, deobfuscation becomes a problem of finding the shortest instruction sequence to synthesize a program with the same input-output behavior as the target program. Existing work has two limitations: assuming that obfuscated code snippets in the target program are known and using a stochastic search algorithm resulting in low efficiency. In this paper, we propose fine-grained obfuscation detection for locating obfuscated code snippets by machine learning. Besides, we also combine the program synthesis and a heuristic search algorithm of Nested Monte Carlo Search. We have applied a prototype implementation of our ideas to data obfuscation in different tools, including OLLVM and Tigress. Our experimental results suggest that this approach is highly effective in locating and deobfuscating the binaries with data obfuscation, with an accuracy of at least 90.34%. Compared with the state-of-the-art deobfuscation technique, our approach’s efficiency has increased by 75%, with the success rate increasing by 5%.

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Pouliquen, Mathieu, Eric Pigeon, Olivier Gehan, Abdelhak Goudjil, and Romain Auber. "Impulse response identification from input/output binary measurements." Automatica 123 (January 2021): 109307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109307.

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Awwal, Abdul Ahad S., and Mohammad A. Karim. "Design of polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting logic units using truth-table partitioning." Canadian Journal of Physics 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p88-137.

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The input pixel size of a polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting logic system is reduced by means of truth-table partitioning. The proposed design algorithm is used to encode the inputs of a three-input, two-output binary full adder. A comparison with alternative designs proves that the technique leads to an improved memory-efficient optical computing unit.

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Chuman, Tadchanon, and Suchin Arunsawatwong. "Criterion of Approximation for Designing 2 × 2 Feedback Systems with Inputs Satisfying Bounding Conditions." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 13, no. 1 (November 11, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2015131.170968.

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A common practice in designing a feedback system with a non-rational transfer matrix is to replace the non-rational matrix with an appropriate rational approximant during the design process so that reliable and effcient computational tools for rational systems can be utilized. Consequently, a criterion of approximation is required to ensure that the controller obtained from the approximant still provides satisfactory results for the original system. This paper derives such a criterion for the case of two-input two-output feedback systems in which the design objective is to ensure that the errors and the controller outputs always stay within prescribed bounds whenever the inputs satisfy certain bounding conditions. For a given rational approximant matrix, the criterion is expressed as a set of inequalities that can be solved in practice. It will be seen that the criterion generalizes a known result for single-input single-output systems. Finally, a controller for a binary distillation column is designed by using the criterion in conjunction with the method of inequalities.

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Rakitin, Vladimir, Sergey Rusakov, and Sergey Ulyanov. "The Coupled Reactance-Less Memristor Based Relaxation Oscillators for Binary Oscillator Networks." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020365.

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This paper discusses the application of coupled reactance-less memristor-based oscillators (MBO) with binary output signals in oscillatory networks. A class of binary-coupled memristor oscillators provides simple integration with standard CMOS logic elements. Сombining MBOs with binary logic elements ensures the operation of complex information processing algorithms. The analysis of the simplest networks based on MBOs is performed. The typical reactance-less MBO with current and potential inputs is considered. The output responses for input control signals are analyzed. It is shown that the current input signal impacts primarily the rate of memristor resistance variation, while the potential input signal changes the thresholds. The exploit of the potential input for the synchronization of coupled MBOs and current control input in order to provide the necessary encoding of information is suggested. The example of the application of coupled MBOs in oscillatory networks is given, and results of simulation are presented.

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Fateh, Rachid, Hicham Oualla, Es-said Azougaghe, Anouar Darif, Ahmed Boumezzough, Said Safi, Mathieu Pouliquen, and Miloud Frikel. "Machine Learning Based System Identification with Binary Output Data Using Kernel Methods." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 1 (February 12, 2024): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2024.1.1430.

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Within the realm of machine learning, kernel methods stand out as a prominent class of algorithms with widespread applications, including but not limited to classification, regression, and identification tasks. Our paper addresses the challenging problem of identifying the finite impulse response (FIR) of single-input single-output nonlinear systems under the influence of perturbations and binary-valued measurements. To overcome this challenge, we exploit two algorithms that leverage the framework of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) to accurately identify the impulse response of the Proakis C channel. Additionally, we introduce the application of these kernel methods for estimating binary output data of nonlinear systems. We showcase the effectiveness of kernel adaptive filters in identifying nonlinear systems with binary output measurements, as demonstrated through the experimental results presented in this study.

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KRAWIECKI, A., A. SUKIENNICKI, and R. A. KOSIŃSKI. "STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN COUPLED THRESHOLD ELEMENTS WITH INPUT SIGNALS SHIFTED IN PHASE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 08 (March 30, 2000): 837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200000686.

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Stochastic resonance in a system of two coupled threshold elements (neurons) forming a small artificial neural network is investigated. The elements have either antisymmetric or logistic (binary) response function and are driven by periodic signals and independent noises. Periodic signals at their inputs have equal amplitudes and frequencies but are shifted in phase. Depending on the response function and the phase shift, enhancement of stochastic resonance in individual elements, characterized by the output signal-to-noise ratio, and stochastic resonance with a spatiotemporal input signal, characterized by the correlation function between the input and output signals, are observed for proper coupling between elements.

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FUJIWARA, AKIHIRO, and TAKESHI TATEISHI. "LOGIC AND ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS WITH A CONSTANT NUMBER OF STEPS IN MEMBRANE COMPUTING." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 22, no. 03 (April 2011): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054111008222.

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In the present paper, we propose P systems that work in a constant number of steps. We first propose two P systems for computing multiple input logic functions. An input of the logic functions is a set of n binary numbers of m bits, and an output is a binary number defined by the logic functions. The first and second P systems compute AND and EX-OR functions for the input, and both of the P systems work in a constant number of steps by using O(mn) types of objects, a constant number of membranes, and evolution rules of size O(mn). Next, we propose a P system for the addition of two binary numbers of m bits. The P system works in a constant number of steps by using O(m) types of objects, a constant number of membranes and evolution rules of size O(m2). We also introduce a P system that computes the addition of two vectors of n binary numbers of m bits by using the above P system as a sub-system. The P system for vector addition works in a constant number of steps by using O(mn) types of objects, a constant number of membranes, and evolution rules of size O(m2n).

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Diamantaras, K. I., and T. Papadimitriou. "Blind Deconvolution of Multi-Input Single-Output Systems With Binary Sources." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 54, no. 10 (October 2006): 3720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2006.880259.

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Godivier, Xavier, and François Chapeau-Blondeau. "Stochastic Resonance in the Information Capacity of a Nonlinear Dynamic System." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 03 (March 1998): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498000371.

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We consider a nonlinear bistable dynamic system governed by the quartic potential with two-state quantization at the output — the earliest system to have revealed the phenomenon of periodic stochastic resonance. We devise a scheme in which this system is used to transmit a broadband aperiodic informative signal. With this scheme, we demonstrate that the system can be operated as a memoryless symmetric binary channel, and we develop the characterization of the transmission up to the evaluation of the input–output information capacity of this channel. We show that a regime exists where the information capacity can be increased by means of noise addition, a property we interpret as a form of aperiodic stochastic resonance. In addition, we demonstrate that a positive input–output gain in the efficacy of the signal recovery can be obtained with the stochastic resonator, compared to the recovery that would directly operate on the input signal-plus-noise mixture.

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Dawa, Mohamed, and Faten Ben Abdallah. "FPGA Implementation of the IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer for SHVC Video Transmission." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 12 (June 22, 2018): 1850190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618501906.

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This paper presents a video transmission system for scalable High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) videos using a 4G standard’s physical layer. SHVC, the scalable HEVC is used to compress the different layers of videos into binary files. The resultant binary files are easily transportable over any network thus solving many issues mainly related to videos with high resolutions. Three scenarios are studied and simulated at first, namely, Single Input Single Output (SISO), Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) and MIMO. Since the MIMO scenario offers the best results, it is considered in the implementation of the system on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using Xilinx System Generator (XSG). A Simulink model is developed under Matlab to simulate the video transmission scenarios using the WIMAX physical layer. Then, the MIMO system is implemented using a Zed-Board to co-simulate the video transmission in real-time and which allows a successful reception of the video sequences.

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Shamseldin, Mohamed A. "Deep Neural Network System Identification for Servomechanism System." DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE 2 (May 11, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232022.2022.2.18.

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This paper presents a systematic technique for designing the input signal to identify the one-stage servomechanism system. Sources of nonlinearities such as friction and backlash consider an obstacle to obtaining an accurate model. Also, most such systems suffer from a lack of system parameters data. So, this study establishes a model using the black-box modeling approach; simulations are performed based on real-time data collected by LabVIEW software and processed using MATLAB System Identification toolbox. The input signal for the servomechanism system driver is a pseudo-random binary sequence that considers violent excitation in the frequency interval and the output signal is the corresponding stage speed measured by rotary encoder. The candidate models were obtained using linear least squares, nonlinear least squares, and Deep Neural Network (DNN). The validation results proved that the identified model based on DNN has the smallest mean square errors compared to other candidate models.

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VINYOLES-SERRA, MIREIA, and XAVIER VILASÍS-CARDONA. "CLASSIFYING WITH A TWO NEURON CNN." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 02 (February 2012): 1250035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412500356.

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We analyze the two neuron CNN for the particular parameter range where the system converges to constant outputs. The functional relation between the external inputs and the steady state values of the neuron states is found and proves to be useful to solve classification problems. In fact, an exhaustive classification of the binary input–output relations that can be achieved by a two neuron CNN is established. From this relation, we propose an algorithm relating the CNN parameters and each one of the different classification problems. As an illustration, we attempt to implement the header action of a universal Turing machine and Boolean functions. Our results are compared to the CNN universal cell.

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Fan, Jin Hong. "Transmission Scheme of MIMO Two-Way Relaying Systems Based on Symmetric Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.452.

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There are fading and noise in MIMO two-way relaying system. A novel transmission scheme was proposed. The scheme performs equivalent to a 2×2 V-BLAST MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) and a two 2×1 AlAMOUTI MISO(Multiple-Input Single-Output) in multiple-access phase and broadcast phase respectively. Network coding and minimum mean square error detection are employed at the relay. Binary phase shift keying and 8 phase shift keying modulation is used. The performance is analyzed under the assumption of a symmetric relay channel model. Simulation results show that the proposed transmission scheme can facilitate more reliable transmission.

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Zlateva, Plamena. "A modified sliding mode control of a nonlinear methane fermentation process." E3S Web of Conferences 167 (2020): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016705007.

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A continuous methane fermentation process for biogas production is considered. This biogas production process is described by a system of two nonlinear differential equations and one nonlinear algebraic equation. The paper purpose is to propose an approach for designing a modified sliding mode control (so-called binary control) of a nonlinear methane fermentation process. The control design is carried out with direct use of nonlinear model and on-line measurement for two variables only (the concentration of the organic pollutants and biogas production rate). The model of the sliding mode control is developed with respect to an auxiliary input variable in order to obtain the smooth signal of the dilution rate, which is need in the fermentation processes. The state variables, external disturbance, process output and control input are varied in the known intervals. The asymptotic output stabilization problem is solved. The good system robustness with the designed modified sliding mode control (the binary control) about various disturbances is proved through simulation investigations in MATLAB using Simulink.

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Hossain, Saddam, Md Izaz Arefin Mrida, Pradip Chandra Das, Abu Sayed, Nahid Rahman, and Md Mamunur Rashid. "Mimo Channel and Performance Analysis using OFDM System for Reduced Bit Error Rate." ABC Research Alert 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): Bangladesh. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ra.v3i3.299.

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Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) systems use multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver end, are a key technology to meet the growing demand for high data rate wireless systems. The aim of this thesis is to investigate MIMO system capacity with the aim of achieving optimum Bit Error Rate (BER) while increasing the system capacity using multicarrier delay diversity modulation (MDDM), proposed for fifth generation systems. In principle, the capacity of MIMO system can increase linearly with the number of antennas. Multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver provide diversity in a fading environment. Furthermore, the research work in this thesis consists of different investigations of the basic principle of MIMO, Multiple-input Single-output (MISO) and Single-input Single-output (SISO) wireless communication systems with Space Time Codes (STC). A MISO systems and MIMO systems are schematized using MDDM which incorporated with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM is chosen over a single-carrier solution due to lower complexity of equalizers for high delay spread channels or high data rates. The design is implemented with binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and simulated using MATLAB, which is examined in associated Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The receiver-design is included with the maximal ratio combiner (MRC) receiving technique with perfect wisdom of channel state information (CSI). The theoretical performance is derived for AWGN channels and compared with the simulated results as well as compared between each system to another.

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Hu, Jin-yan, Gang Yan, and Tao Wang. "Identifying Odd/Even-Order Binary Kernel Slices for a Nonlinear System Using Inverse Repeat m-Sequences." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/454638.

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The study of various living complex systems by system identification method is important, and the identification of the problem is even more challenging when dealing with a dynamic nonlinear system of discrete time. A well-established model based on kernel functions for input of the maximum length sequence (m-sequence) can be used to estimate nonlinear binary kernel slices using cross-correlation method. In this study, we examine the relevant mathematical properties of kernel slices, particularly their shift-and-product property and overlap distortion problem caused by the irregular shifting of the estimated kernel slices in the cross-correlation function between the input m-sequence and the system output. We then derive the properties of the inverse repeat (IR) m-sequence and propose a method of using IR m-sequence as an input to separately estimate odd- and even-order kernel slices to reduce the chance of kernel-slice overlapping. An instance of third-order Wiener nonlinear model is simulated to justify the proposed method.

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Tanaka, Yuuki, Yuuki Suzuki, and Shugang Wei. "Novel Binary Signed-Digit Addition Algorithm for FPGA Implementation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 09 (November 1, 2019): 2050136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501364.

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Signed-digit (SD) number representation systems have been studied for high-speed arithmetic. One important property of the SD number system is the possibility of performing addition without long carry chain. However, many numbers of logic elements are required when the number representation system and such an adder are realized on a logic circuit. In this study, we propose a new adder on the binary SD number system. The proposed adder uses more circuit area than the conventional SD adders when those adders are realized on ASIC. However, the proposed adder uses 20% less number of logic elements than the conventional SD adder when those adders are realized on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) which is made up of 4-input 1-output LUT such as Intel Cyclone IV FPGA.

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Ciccone, Luca, and Luca Padovani. "Fair termination of binary sessions." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6, POPL (January 16, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3498666.

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A binary session is a private communication channel that connects two processes, each adhering to a protocol description called session type . In this work, we study the first type system that ensures the fair termination of binary sessions. A session fairly terminates if all of the infinite executions admitted by its protocol are deemed unrealistic because they violate certain fairness assumptions . Fair termination entails the eventual completion of all pending input/output actions, including those that depend on the completion of an unbounded number of other actions in possibly different sessions. This form of lock freedom allows us to address a large family of natural communication patterns that fall outside the scope of existing type systems. Our type system is also the first to adopt fair subtyping , a liveness-preserving refinement of the standard subtyping relation for session types that so far has only been studied theoretically. Fair subtyping is surprisingly subtle not only to characterize concisely but also to use appropriately, to the point that the type system must carefully account for all usages of fair subtyping to avoid compromising its liveness-preserving properties.

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Wu, Chengjin, Qing Jiao, and Feng Tian. "Aperiodic Stochastic Resonance in the Fractional-Order Bistable System." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 19, no. 02 (August 22, 2019): 2050014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477520500145.

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The aperiodic stochastic resonance (ASR) in the bistable fractional-order system is further studied when the fractional-order lies in the interval (0, 2). In previous works, the ASR can only process aperiodic binary signal with large pulse width. However, for the signal with small pulse width, the method cannot work. Actually, the signals with small pulse width are also common in the information transmission field. It greatly limits the application of the fractional stochastic resonance. Hence, we mainly focus on the enhancement of aperiodic binary signal with small pulse width. To solve the aforementioned technical problem, the general scale transformation is introduced, which allows us to achieve the ASR successfully. By this method, the equivalent system with large system parameters is able to match the input character signal with arbitrary small pulse width well, where the scale parameter is a key to achieve resonance. During the process, the fractional-order system presents rich dynamical behaviors in processing the aperiodic binary signals. Especially, as the order increases, the output signal at optimal noise intensity might be better and be more similar to the input one. This indicates the fractional order can optimize the stochastic resonance. The results might provide some reference to the engineering field, such as digital transmission and image processing field.

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Lei, Guo Wei, Yuan An Liu, and Xue Fang Xiao. "Threaded Space Time Code Design for CPM with Joint Decoding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.847.

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In the letter, a system of continuous phase modulation (CPM) with threaded space time codes (TSTC) is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output systems. In the system, source bits are coded via outer coder of Reed Solomon (RS). The codeword of which is suitable for TSTC design. Then inner coder mainly converts binary symbols into M-ary symbols for purpose of CPM. At receiver, Joint soft decoding approach is considered. Finally simulation results are provided for VBLAST, DBLAST, and TSTC as comparison.

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Schmitt, Lisa, Philip Schmitt, and Martin Hoffmann. "3-Bit Digital-to-Analog Converter with Mechanical Amplifier for Binary Encoded Large Displacements." Actuators 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10080182.

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We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a MEMS-based 3-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) that allows the generation of large displacements. The DAC consists of electrostatic bending-plate actuators that are connected to a mechanical amplifier (mechAMP), enabling the amplification of the DAC output displacement. Based on a parallel binary-encoded voltage signal, the output displacement of the system can be controlled in an arbitrary order. Considering the system design, we present a simplified analytic model, which was confirmed by FE simulation results. The fabricated systems showed a total stroke of approx. 149.5 ± 0.3 µm and a linear stepwise displacement of 3 bit correlated to 23 ≙ eight defined positions at a control voltage of 60 V. The minimum switching time between two input binary states is 0.1 ms. We present the experimental characterization of the system and the DAC and derive the influence of the mechAMP on the functionality of the DAC. Furthermore, the resonant behavior and the switching speed of the system are analyzed. By changing the electrode activation sequence, 27 defined positions are achieved upgrading the 3-bit systems into a 3-tri-state (33) system.

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Suykens, J. A. K., J. Vandewalle, and L. O. Chua. "Nonlinear H∞ Synchronization of Chaotic Lur'e Systems." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 07, no. 06 (June 1997): 1323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127497001059.

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In this paper a master-slave synchronization scheme for Lur'e systems is investigated, which consists of vector field modulation by means of the message signal. Using a full state error feedback mechanism and formulating the synchronization problem within the standard plant framework of modern control theory, it is shown how the original message can be recovered for a class of binary-valued continuous time reference inputs or message signals. Input/output properties of the synchronization scheme are analyzed using the system-theoretical approach of dissipativity with a quadratic storage function and a supply rate of finite L2-gain. The feedback matrix is designed such that the influence of the exogenous input on a tracking error is minimized, corresponding to a so-called nonlinear H∞ synchronization scheme. Channel noise is taken into account in the design. The method is illustrated on Chua's circuit and an n-double scroll circuit.

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Wigati, Ekky Rosita Singgih, Budi Warsito, and Rita Rahmawati. "PEMODELAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN DENGAN CASCADE FORWARD BACKPROPAGATION PADA KURS RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA SERIKAT." Jurnal Gaussian 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v7i1.26636.

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Neural Network Modeling (NN) is an information-processing system that has characteristics in common with human brain. Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN) is an artificial neural network that its architecture similar to Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), but there is also a direct connection from input layer and output layer. In this study, we apply CFNN in time series field. The data used isexchange rate of rupiah against US dollar period of January 1st, 2015 until December 31st, 2017. The best model was built from 1 unit input layer with input Zt-1, 4 neurons in the hidden layer, and 1 unit output layer. The activation function used are the binary sigmoid in the hidden layer and linear in the output layer. The model produces MAPE of training data equal to 0.2995% and MAPE of testing data equal to 0.1504%. After obtaining the best model, the data is foreseen for January 2018 and produce MAPE equal to0.9801%. Keywords: artificial neural network, cascade forward, exchange rate, MAPE

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Gómez, Sergio, David Sánchez, Joan Mauricio, Eduardo Picatoste, Andreu Sanuy, Anand Sanmukh, Marc Ribó, and David Gascón. "Multiple Use SiPM Integrated Circuit (MUSIC) for Large Area and High Performance Sensors." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080961.

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The 8-channel Multiple Use Silicon Photo-multiplier (SiPM) Integrated Circuit (MUSIC) Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for SiPM anode readout has been designed for applications where large photo-detection areas are required. MUSIC offers three main features: (1) Sum of the eight input channels using a differential output driver, (2) eight individual single ended (SE) analog outputs, and (3) eight individual SE binary outputs using a time over threshold technique. Each functionality, summation and individual readout includes a selectable dual-gain configuration. Moreover, the signal sum implements a dual-gain output providing a 15-bit dynamic range. The circuit contains a tunable pole zero cancellation of the SiPM recovery time constant to deal with most of the available SiPM devices in the market. Experimental tests show how MUSIC can linearly sum signals from different SiPMs and distinguish even a few photons. Additionally, it provides a single photon output pulse width at half maximum (FWHM) between 5–10 ns for the analog output and a single-photon time resolution (SPTR) around 118 ps sigma using a Hamamatsu SiPM S13360-3075CS for the binary output. Lastly, the summation mode has a power consumption of ≈200 mW, whereas the individual readout consumes ≈30 mW/ch.

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Ebregbe, David, and Wei Bo Deng. "Orthogonal Binary Waveform Optimization for Mimo Radar Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.376.

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Waveform optimization for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems for good autocorrelation and crosscorrelation properties based on the direct design of the set of orthogonal transmitted time series is considered. Exploiting the orthogonality of non identical walsh functions, which have been used successfully in spread spectrum communication, the Walsh-Hadamard matrix is used as the orthogonal binary signal set followed by the simulated annealing statistical optimization tool to provide an optimal orthogonal binary signal set with the desired correlation properties

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Alonso-Quesada, S., M. De la Sen, and A. Ibeas. "A Data Dropout Compensation Algorithm Based on the Iterative Learning Control Methodology for Discrete-Time Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/429892.

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This paper deals with the convergence of a remote iterative learning control system subject to data dropouts. The system is composed by a set of discrete-time multiple input-multiple output linear models, each one with its corresponding actuator device and its sensor. Each actuator applies the input signals vector to its corresponding model at the sampling instants and the sensor measures the output signals vector. The iterative learning law is processed in a controller located far away of the models so the control signals vector has to be transmitted from the controller to the actuators through transmission channels. Such a law uses the measurements of each model to generate the input vector to be applied to its subsequent model so the measurements of the models have to be transmitted from the sensors to the controller. All transmissions are subject to failures which are described as a binary sequence taking value 1 or 0. A compensation dropout technique is used to replace the lost data in the transmission processes. The convergence to zero of the errors between the output signals vector and a reference one is achieved as the number of models tends to infinity.

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Zero, Enrico, Chiara Bersani, and Roberto Sacile. "Binary Controller Based on the Electrical Activity Related to Head Yaw Rotation." Actuators 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11060161.

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A human machine interface (HMI) is presented to switch on/off lights according to the head left/right yaw rotation. The HMI consists of a cap, which can acquire the brain’s electrical activity (i.e., an electroencephalogram, EEG) sampled at 500 Hz on 8 channels with electrodes that are positioned according to the standard 10–20 system. In addition, the HMI includes a controller based on an input–output function that can compute the head position (defined as left, right, and forward position with respect to yaw angle) considering short intervals (10 samples) of the signals coming from three electrodes positioned in O1, O2, and Cz. An artificial neural network (ANN) training based on a Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm was used to identify the input–output function. The HMI controller was tested on 22 participants. The proposed classifier achieved an average accuracy of 88% with the best value of 96.85%. After calibration for each specific subject, the HMI was used as a binary controller to verify its ability to switch on/off lamps according to head turning movement. The correct prediction of the head movements was greater than 75% in 90% of the participants when performing the test with open eyes. If the subjects carried out the experiments with closed eyes, the prediction accuracy reached 75% of correctness in 11 participants out of 22. One participant controlled the light system in both experiments, open and closed eyes, with 100% success. The control results achieved in this work can be considered as an important milestone towards humanoid neck systems.

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Bukhalev, V. A., A. A. Skrynnikov, and V. A. Boldinov. "FILTERING OF SIGNALS WITH UNKNOWN INTERFERENCE POWER AND RANDOM JUMPING PERTURBATION." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 212 (February 2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2022.02.pp.003-007.

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A linear stochastic dynamic system under the influence of random disturbances and interference is considered. The perturbation is a sequence of uncorrelated random variables with a distribution in the range [–1, 1]. This sequence is modeled by a random binary signal with values 1 and 0 and is described by a Markov chain with known probabilities of transitions from one state to another. The modulated signal is fed to the input of the linear control unit. The output signal of the control object is measured with an error, which is a sequence of uncorrelated random variables with an unknown distribution in the range [–1, 1].The problem under consideration differs from the optimal linear filtration problems based on the application of the Kalman filter and its modifications. Its novelty consists in the following: 1) the input signal is a random jumping process – uncorrelated noise modulated by a random binary signal; 2) the variances of random processes – the input signal and the interference characterizing their power are unknown. А posteriori mathematical expectation and the a posteriori variance of the filtering error are determined by the methods of Bayesian estimation and the theory of systems with a random jump structure. The optimal estimation algorithm is described by a system of recurrent equations. It consists of five interconnected blocks: 1) a meter of mathematical expectation and dispersion of an additive mixture of an output signal with interference; 2) an indicator of a random structure; 3) a classifier of a random structure; 4) a dispersiometer; 5) a filter.

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BACHIR, SMAIL, and CLAUDE DUVANAUD. "NEW IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR CONTINUOUS-TIME RADIO FREQUENCY POWER AMPLIFIER MODEL." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, no. 06 (October 2010): 1259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006669.

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In this paper, we present a new method for characterization of radio frequency Power Amplifier (PA) in the presence of nonlinear distortions which affect the modulated signal in Radiocommunication transmission system. The proposed procedure uses a gray box model where PA dynamics are modeled with a MIMO continuous filter and the nonlinear characteristics are described as general polynomial functions, approximated by means of Taylor series. Using the baseband input and output data, model parameters are obtained by an iterative identification algorithm based on Output Error method. Initialization and excitation problems are resolved by an association of a new technique using initial values extraction with a multi-level binary sequence input exciting all PA dynamics. Finally, the proposed estimation method is tested and validated on experimental data.

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Bartlett, S. J., and Y. L. Yung. "Boolean logic by convective obstacle flows." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2228 (August 2019): 20190192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0192.

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We present a potential new mode of natural computing in which simple, heat-driven fluid flows perform Boolean logic operations. The system comprises a two-dimensional single-phase fluid that is heated from below and cooled from above, with two obstacles placed on the horizontal mid-plane. The obstacles remove all vertical momentum that flows into them. The horizontal momentum extraction of the obstacles is controlled in a binary fashion, and constitutes the 2-bit input. The output of the system is a thresholded measure of the energy extracted by the obstacles. Due to the existence of multiple attractors in the phase space of this system, the input–output relationships are equivalent to those of the OR, XOR or NAND gates, depending on the threshold and obstacle separation. The ability to reproduce these logical operations suggests that convective flows might have the potential to perform more general computations, despite the fact that they do not involve electronics, chemistry or multiple fluid phases.

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Surekha, B., Pandu R. Vundavilli, and M. B. Parappagoudar. "Reverse Modeling of Green Sand Mould System Using Fuzzy Logic-Based Approaches." Journal for Manufacturing Science & Production 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2011-0012.

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AbstractIn the present study, reverse mapping problems of green sand mould system have been solved using Fuzzy Logic (FL)-based approaches. It is a complicated process, in which the quality of the castings is influenced by the mould properties (that is, green compression strength, permeability, hardness and others). In forward modeling, the outputs are expressed as the functions of input variables, whereas in reverse modeling, the later are represented as the functions of the former. The main advantage of reverse modeling lies in the fact that it helps in effective real-time control of the process. This paper proposes three different FL-based approaches for the reverse modeling of the green sand mould system. A binary-coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to optimize the knowledge base of the FL-based approaches, off-line. The developed approaches are found to solve the above problem effectively, and the performances of the developed approaches are compared among themselves. It has been observed that the approach “Automatic design of FL system using GA” yielded much better results in predicting a set of input variables from the set of known set of output.

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Oualla, Hicham, Rachid Fateh, Anouar Darif, Said Safi, Mathieu Pouliquen, and Miloud Frikel. "Channel Identification Based on Cumulants, Binary Measurements, and Kernels." Systems 9, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9020046.

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In this paper, we discuss the problem of channel identification by using eight algorithms. The first three algorithms are based on higher-order cumulants, the next three algorithms are based on binary output measurement, and the last two algorithms are based on reproducing kernels. The principal objective of this paper is to study the performance of the presented algorithms in different situations, such as with different sizes of the data input or different signal-to-noise ratios. The presented algorithms are applied to the estimation of the channel parameters of the broadband radio access network (BRAN). The simulation results confirm that the presented algorithms are able to estimate the channel parameters with different accuracies, and each algorithm has its advantages and disadvantages for a given situation, such as for a given SNR and data input. Finally, this study provides an idea of which algorithms can be selected in a given situation. The study presented in this paper demonstrates that the cumulant-based algorithms are more adequate if the data inputs are not available (blind identification), but the kernel- and binary-measurement-based methods are more adequate if the noise is not important (SNR≥16 dB).

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Mangkusasmito, Fakhruddin, Dista Yoel Tadeus, and Arkhan Subari. "IMPLEMENTASI IDENTIFIKASI SISTEM METODE BLACK BOX PADA MOTOR DC MENGGUNAKAN CORRELATION ANALYSIS DAN MODEL ARX." Gema Teknologi 20, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v20i4.29381.

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The identification system is a procedure to obtain a model of a system, then of the model will be validated to see the accuracy of the model is obtained, compared to the input-output results obtained from the experiments. In the identification system itself known two methods, the method of "non-parametric" and "parametric". On the other hand, DC motor is a type of motor that uses direct electric current to produce rotational mechanical energy and is widely used in various applications. In this study, input and output data acquisition will be performed on the Feedback brand DC motor, and the data will be processed so that the system model is obtained by the black box method. The data will then be processed with the help of MATLAB software. The input signal used in this experiment is Pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS), which is used because it has a wide frequency range. The signal is generated by an arduino uno microcontroller. From the test results it was found that the validation of the non parametric system model with the correlation analysis method has a fitness value of = 83.19%, while the validation of the parametric system model with the least square ARX method has a fitness value of = 80.59%.

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Liu, Chunping, Rong Xiong, Jianxin Xu, and Jun Wu. "On Iterative Learning Control for Remote Control Systems with Packet Losses." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/245372.

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The problem of iterative learning control (ILC) is considered for a class of time-varying systems with random packet dropouts. It is assumed that an ILC scheme is implemented via a remote control system and that packet dropout occurs during the packet transmission between the ILC controller and the actuator of remote plant. The packet dropout is viewed as a binary switching sequence which is subject to the Bernoulli distribution. In order to eliminate the effect of packet dropouts on the convergence property of output error, the hold-input scheme is adopted to compensate the packet dropout at the actuator. It is shown that the hold-input scheme with average ILC can achieve asymptotical convergence along the iteration axis for discrete time-varying linear system. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Wang, Bin. "Coupling dynamic modelling of a flexible manipulator driven by servo joint using experimental identification method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 9 (October 6, 2018): 3076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218803974.

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In this paper, the coupling dynamic model of a flexible manipulator driven by servo joint is established using experimental identification method. The dynamic model of the servo joint is proposed, which consists of a direct current servo motor, a harmonic gear reducer and a servo controller. By fitting the experimental data for the forward and inverse rotation of the motor, the coulomb friction constant and viscosity friction coefficient are obtained. Then, two transform function models that represent the system coupling dynamics are proposed. The input and output variables for one model are the control voltage of the servo controller and the angular displacement of motor. And for the other model, the input and output are the control voltage of the servo controller and the strain output measured by the strain gauges. Using the Pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) as the input signal, both the driven model of the servo joint and the vibration model of the flexible manipulator are identified by experimental identification. Experimental results show that the two identified models are in good agreement with the dynamic response of the experimental setup, both for the PRBS and sinusoidal excitation signals. Accordingly, the coupling dynamic models of the proposed system are obtained.

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Wang, Le Yi, G. George Yin, Yanlong Zhao, and Ji-Feng Zhang. "Identification Input Design for Consistent Parameter Estimation of Linear Systems With Binary-Valued Output Observations." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 53, no. 4 (May 2008): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2008.920222.

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Ratsaby, Joel. "ON DETERMINISTIC FINITE STATE MACHINES IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENTS." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 528–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964818000451.

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AbstractThe general problem under investigation is to understand how the complexity of a system which has been adapted to its random environment affects the level of randomness of its output (which is a function of its random input). In this paper, we consider a specific instance of this problem in which a deterministic finite-state decision system operates in a random environment that is modeled by a binary Markov chain. The system interacts with it by trying to match states of inactivity (represented by 0). Matching means that the system selects the (t + 1)th bit from the Markov chain whenever it predicts at time t that the environment will take a 0 value. The actual value at time t + 1 may be 0 or 1 thus the selected sequence of bits (which forms the system's output) may have both binary values. To try to predict well, the system's decision function is inferred based on a sample of the random environment.We are interested in assessing how non-random the output sequence may be. To do that, we apply the adapted system on a second random sample of the environment and derive an upper bound on the deviation between the average number of 1 bit in the output sequence and the probability of a 1. The bound shows that the complexity of the system has a direct effect on this deviation and hence on how non-random the output sequence may be. The bound takes the form of $O(\sqrt {(2^k/n} ))$ where 2k is the complexity of the system and n is the length of the second sample.

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Ku, Bon Woong, Catherine D. Schuman, Md Musabbir Adnan, Tiffany M. Mintz, Raphael Pooser, Kathleen E. Hamilton, Garrett S. Rose, and Sung Kyu Lim. "Unsupervised Digit Recognition Using Cosine Similarity In A Neuromemristive Competitive Learning System." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 18, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473036.

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This work addresses how to naturally adopt the l 2 -norm cosine similarity in the neuromemristive system and studies the unsupervised learning performance on handwritten digit image recognition. Proposed architecture is a two-layer fully connected neural network with a hard winner-take-all (WTA) learning module. For input layer, we propose single-spike temporal code that transforms input stimuli into the set of single spikes with different latencies and voltage levels. For a synapse model, we employ a compound memristor where stochastically switching binary-state memristors connected in parallel, which offers a reliable and scalable multi-state solution for synaptic weight storage. Hardware-friendly synaptic adaptation mechanism is proposed to realize spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning. Input spikes are sent out through those memristive synapses to each and every integrate-and-fire neuron in the fully connected output layer, where the hard WTA network motif introduces the competition based on cosine similarity for the given input stimuli. Finally, we present 92.64% accuracy performance on unsupervised digit recognition with only single-epoch MNIST dataset training via high-level simulations, including extensive analysis on the impact of system parameters.

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Riggs, Brit, Michael Partridge, Bertrand Cambou, Ian Burke, Manuel Aguilar Rios, Julie Heynssens, and Dina Ghanaimiandoab. "Multi-Wavelength Quantum Key Distribution Emulation with Physical Unclonable Function." Cryptography 6, no. 3 (July 6, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6030036.

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This work details the theory and implementation of a multi-wavelength quantum key distribution (QKD) emulation system with a physical unclonable function (PUF). Multi-wavelength QKD can eliminate the need to share a subsection of the final key for eavesdropper detection and allow for ternary and quaternary data transmission. The inclusion of the PUF adds an additional layer of security. We provide preliminary error analysis of our emulation system. To support this work, we introduce a bitwise transform operator that enables binary output of the PUF to satisfy the ternary and quaternary input requirements of the QKD system.

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Yan, Daqin, Fuzhong Wang, and Shuo Wang. "Research on the output bit error rate of 2DPSK signal based on stochastic resonance theory." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 35 (December 13, 2017): 1850069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918500690.

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Binary differential phase-shift keying (2DPSK) signal is mainly used for high speed data transmission. However, the bit error rate of digital signal receiver is high in the case of wicked channel environment. In view of this situation, a novel method based on stochastic resonance (SR) is proposed, which is aimed to reduce the bit error rate of 2DPSK signal by coherent demodulation receiving. According to the theory of SR, a nonlinear receiver model is established, which is used to receive 2DPSK signal under small signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) circumstances (between −15 dB and 5 dB), and compared with the conventional demodulation method. The experimental results demonstrate that when the input SNR is in the range of −15 dB to 5 dB, the output bit error rate of nonlinear system model based on SR has a significant decline compared to the conventional model. It could reduce 86.15% when the input SNR equals −7 dB. Meanwhile, the peak value of the output signal spectrum is 4.25 times as that of the conventional model. Consequently, the output signal of the system is more likely to be detected and the accuracy can be greatly improved.

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Wang, Yi, Haibo Wang, and XueWen Jiang. "Performance of Reconfigurable-Intelligent-Surface-Assisted Satellite Quasi-Stationary Aircraft–Terrestrial Laser Communication System." Drones 6, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120405.

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This paper proposes the use of quasi-stationary aircraft and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to improve the system performance in satellite–terrestrial laser communication downlink. Single-input multiple-output (SIMO) technology is applied to the relay node of a quasi-stationary aircraft. The closed expression of the bit error rate (BER) of an RIS-assisted satellite quasi-stationary aircraft–terrestrial laser communication system (RIS-SHTLC) is derived under the M-distributed atmospheric turbulence model while considering the influence of atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors caused by RIS jitter. The effects of coherent binary frequency shift keying (CBFSK), coherent binary phase-shift keying (CBPSK), non-coherent binary frequency shift keying (NBFSK), and differential binary phase-shift keying (DBPSK) on the performance of an RIS-SHTLC system are simulated and analyzed under weak turbulence. The results show that the RIS-SHTLC system with CBPSK modulation has the best communication performance. Simultaneously, the relationships between the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and BER of the RIS-SHTLC system under different RIS elements are simulated and analyzed, and compared with the traditional SHTLC system. In addition, the influence of the zenith angle, receiving aperture and divergence angle on the performance of the system is studied. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate the analytical results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Binary input/output system'

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