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Journal articles on the topic 'Bimodalità'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Lemennicier, Bertrand, Hororine Lescieux-Katir, and Bernard Grofman. "The 2007 French Presidential Election." Canadian Journal of Political Science 43, no. 1 (March 2010): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423909990746.

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Abstract. We make use of a novel forecasting technique based on the Hotelling-Downs spatial framework to project vote outcomes in the second round of the two-round French presidential election system. In doing so we take advantage of the high degree of bimodality in the distribution of voter preferences to predict which candidates will make it into the second round. While our principal focus is on the 2007 election, we also look at the seven previous presidential elections in the French Fifth Republic, from 1965 through 2002.Résumé. Pour prédire le résultat du deuxième tour de scrutin des élections présidentielles françaises de 2007, nous avons fait appel à une nouvelle technique fondée sur le modèle spatial de Hotelling-Downs. En procédant ainsi, nous avons pris en compte le haut degré de bimodalité de la distribution des préférences pour pronostiquer lequel des deux candidats remporterait la victoire. Bien que nous ayons surtout centré notre attention sur l'élection présidentielle de 2007, nous avons aussi examiné les sept élections présidentielles antérieures de la Cinquième République, tenues de 1965 à 2002, afin de tester notre méthode et prédire ex ante les résultats de 2007.

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2

Knapp, Thomas R. "Bimodality Revisited." Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2007): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1177992120.

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3

Bertossa, Cameron, Peter Hitchcock, Arthur DeGaetano, and Riwal Plougonven. "Bimodality in ensemble forecasts of 2 m temperature: identification." Weather and Climate Dynamics 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 1209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-1209-2021.

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Abstract. Bimodality and other types of non-Gaussianity arise in ensemble forecasts of the atmosphere as a result of nonlinear spread across ensemble members. In this paper, bimodality in 50-member ECMWF ENS-extended ensemble forecasts is identified and characterized. Forecasts of 2 m temperature are found to exhibit widespread bimodality well over a derived false-positive rate. In some regions bimodality occurs in excess of 30 % of forecasts, with the largest rates occurring during lead times of 2 to 3 weeks. Bimodality occurs more frequently in the winter hemisphere with indications of baroclinicity being a factor to its development. Additionally, bimodality is more common over the ocean, especially the polar oceans, which may indicate development caused by boundary conditions (such as sea ice). Near the equatorial region, bimodality remains common during either season and follows similar patterns to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), suggesting convection as a possible source for its development. Over some continental regions the modes of the forecasts are separated by up to 15 ∘C. The probability density for the modes can be up to 4 times greater than at the minimum between the modes, which lies near the ensemble mean. The widespread presence of such bimodality has potentially important implications for decision makers acting on these forecasts. Bimodality also has implications for assessing forecast skill and for statistical postprocessing: several commonly used skill-scoring methods and ensemble dressing methods are found to perform poorly in the presence of bimodality, suggesting the need for improvements in how non-Gaussian ensemble forecasts are evaluated.

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4

Cantor, Alan B. "Evidence of bimodality." Journal of Chronic Diseases 39, no. 5 (January 1986): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(86)90129-3.

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5

Grayson, D. A. "Can Categorical and Dimensional Views of Psychiatric Illness be Distinguished?" British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 3 (September 1987): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.3.355.

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Bimodality in a distribution of symptoms is often claimed to be convincing evidence that a disorder is categorical, a discrete disease entity, rather than the extreme on a continuous dimension. However, using concepts from contemporary psychometric theory it is shown that bimodality can arise from the dimensional viewpoint. In fact, contrary to the usual belief, bimodality would be expected to occur in many research contexts if the dimensional alternative were correct.

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6

Chakrabarti, D. J., Claire L. Davis, and Martin Strangwood. "Characterisation of Bimodal Grain Structures and Their Dependence on Inhomogeneous Precipitate Distribution during Casting." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.613.

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Bimodal grain size distributions were found in continuously cast slab and thermomechanical controlled rolled (TMCR) samples of Nb-microalloyed steel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed inhomogeneous distributions of Al- and Nb-containing precipitates, which were found to pin prior austenite grain boundaries during reheating. An effort has been made to establish parameters to quantify the extent of bimodality of reheated and rolled microstructures. Quantification of bimodality using peak grain size range, (PGSR) and peak height ratio, (PHR), is found to match closely with the visual observation of bimodality. Thermo-Calc software was used to predict the sequence of precipitation for different compositions and that could explain the formation of bimodality during reheating.

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7

Natori, Akina, Hao-Wen Sim, Bryan Anthony Chan, Peiran Sun, Stephanie Moignard, Daniel Yokom, Charles Henry Lim, et al. "Comparison of bimodality versus trimodality therapy for esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer: Experience from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.122.

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122 Background: There are no phase 3 trials comparing definitive chemoradiation (bimodality) versus. perioperative chemoradiation (trimodality) for locoregional esophageal/GEJ cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis (2011-2015) compared bimodality and trimodality therapy in patients (pts) with locoregional esophageal/GEJ cancer treated with curative intent. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated from the date of diagnosis. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for patient and disease factors. Results: Of 108 patients, 82 (76%) were male. Mean ages were 69.5 ± 11.0 years (bimodality; N = 41) and 60.5 ± 11.1 years (trimodality; N = 67). For bimodality pts, 37% had adenocarcinoma and 63% had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). For trimodality pts, 79% had adenocarcinoma and 21% had SCC (p < 0.0001). Bimodality pts received a higher radiation dose compared to trimodality pts (50.1 ± 6.7 vs. 45.2 ± 6.4 Gy). Median follow-up was 49.3 months. We found no significant OS difference between bimodality (27.0 months) and trimodality therapy (29.8 months) in the overall cohort (p = 0.57) (4 year OS rate: 42% vs. 38%). In the subgroup with adenocarcinoma histology, trimodality therapy significantly improved OS and DFS compared to bimodality (OS: 31.8 vs. 10.4 months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18-0.66, p = 0.001; DFS: 15.0 vs. 6.7 months; HR 0.39, 95%CI 0.21-0.73, p = 0.003). In the SCC subgroup, median OS and DFS were similar (OS: not reached vs. 29.2 months, p = 0.48; DFS: 27.0 vs. 24.0, p = 0.96). Using multivariable regression with AIC backward selection, the only retained prognostic factors were treatment modality (p = 0.06) and histology (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings support preferential use of trimodality therapy for pts with adenocarcinoma histology given superior OS and DFS, whereas bimodality and trimodality therapy appeared comparable in pts with SCC histology. Pending confirmation in a larger series with longer follow-up, these findings suggest differential treatment algorithms for locoregional esophageal and GEJ cancer based on tumor histology.

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8

Malov, I. F. "Bimodality of anomalous pulsars?" Astronomy Letters 34, no. 10 (September 29, 2008): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063773708100058.

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9

Rodrigues, Regina R., Aneesh Subramanian, Laure Zanna, and Judith Berner. "ENSO Bimodality and Extremes." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 4883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082270.

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10

Pizzi, Claudio. "Relative Contingency and Bimodality." Logica Universalis 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2013): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11787-012-0071-8.

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11

Christiansen, Bo. "Bimodality of the Planetary-Scale Atmospheric Wave Amplitude Index." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 2528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3490.1.

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Abstract The evidence for multiple flow regimes in the planetary-scale atmospheric wave amplitude index (WAI) is studied using the 56 winters from the NCEP reanalysis data. The regimes are identified by bimodality in the probability density estimates. Both the probability density of the WAI alone and the probability density in the two-dimensional space spanned by the WAI and its temporal rate of change are examined. The latter procedure allows us to exploit the quasi stationarity of the regimes and increase the statistical significance. The statistical significance of bimodality in the probability densities is tested by a Monte Carlo approach using surrogate time series that preserve the full autocorrelation spectrum of the original WAI. By using a longer dataset and including the rate of change, some of the questions raised in previous studies about the robustness and statistical significance of the bimodality of the WAI are resolved. Statistically significant bimodality is found in the WAI based on the 500-hPa height. The probability density of the WAI shows considerable low-frequency variability on decadal scales. However, the bimodality is reproduced in all decadal subperiods although without statistical significance. The last decade has been dominated by a strong (disturbed) regime while a weak (zonal) regime dominates the previous decades. This recent change toward the disturbed regime is statistically significant. Imprints of the regimes are found at other tropospheric levels including the sea level. In particular, the regimes are found with statistical significance in the WAI based on the sea level pressure for the subperiod 1979–2003. Systematically varying the upper and lower boundaries of the latitudinal interval over which the geopotential height is averaged shows that the bimodality of the WAI is rather sensitive to these parameters, but also that statistically significant bimodality is found for a range of intervals with the lower boundary at 45°–50°N.

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12

Ewans, K. C., and T. van der Vlugt. "Estimating Bimodal Frequency-Direction Spectra From Surface Buoy Data Recorded During Tropical Cyclones." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 121, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829562.

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Techniques for computing wave frequency-direction spectra are evaluated using wave buoy data recorded on the North West Shelf of Australia. Frequency-direction spectra are computed by each of four techniques and compared with the wave directionality expected at the measurement location, based on the meteorological conditions prevailing at the time. Particular emphasis is placed on the wave conditions occurring during tropical cyclones. Such sea states show strong directional bimodality, consisting largely of a cyclone-generated swell component and a local wind sea. The cyclone swell can be expected to have a narrow beam width when the cyclone is several hundred kilometers from the location. It is found that the bimodality is well indicated by a unimodal/bimodality parameter; and of the four techniques for computing the frequency-direction spectrum, the maximum entropy method is best at reproducing the directional bimodality while maintaining the narrow directional spreading in the cyclone swell.

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13

Contreras-Reyes, Javier E. "An Asymptotic Test for Bimodality Using The Kullback–Leibler Divergence." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12061013.

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Detecting bimodality of a frequency distribution is of considerable interest in several fields. Classical inferential methods for detecting bimodality focused in third and fourth moments through the kurtosis measure. Nonparametric approach-based asymptotic tests (DIPtest) for comparing the empirical distribution function with a unimodal one are also available. The latter point drives this paper, by considering a parametric approach using the bimodal skew-symmetric normal distribution. This general class captures bimodality, asymmetry and excess of kurtosis in data sets. The Kullback–Leibler divergence is considered to obtain the statistic’s test. Some comparisons with DIPtest, simulations, and the study of sea surface temperature data illustrate the usefulness of proposed methodology.

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14

Noguchi, Masafumi. "Fundamental mechanism of the creation of chemical bimodality in the Milky Way disc in the cold accretion theory." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 1466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1005.

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ABSTRACT Chemical bimodality of the Milky Way (MW) disc stars constitutes one of the most remarkable properties of MW. The cold accretion theory for the cosmological gas accretion provides one viable explanation to this phenomenon. In this scenario, the rapid cold-mode accretion in the early epoch creates the first generation stars relatively rich in α-elements (O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, etc) and later cooling flow produces iron-rich second generation stars, creating the bimodality in the [α/Fe] ratio. We employ a cosmologically motivated chemical evolution model for disc galaxies to elucidate the role played by type Ia supernovae (SN Ia), which serve as the major source of iron, in the creation of the bimodality. To this end, we divide SN Ia into two groups, those formed from the 1st generation stars (the first SN Ia) and those formed from the 2nd generation stars (the second SN Ia). The model with the first SN Ia suppressed during the second star formation stage produces stars having high [α/Fe] in the early phase of this stage, whereas the model which prohibits the second SN Ia produces high [α/Fe] stars in the late phase. Both models fail to create a well-defined bimodality. We, thus, conclude that the cooperation of the first and the second SN Ia plays a crucial role in creating the bimodality by maintaining rich iron content in the interstellar gas throughout the second star formation stage.

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15

Rabin, Douglas, Robert W. Wilson, and Ronald L. Moore. "Bimodality of the solar cycle." Geophysical Research Letters 13, no. 4 (April 1986): 352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl013i004p00352.

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16

Ashman, Keith A., Christina M. Bird, and Stephen E. Zepf. "Detecting bimodality in astronomical datasets." Astronomical Journal 108 (December 1994): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/117248.

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17

Wolfe, Arthur M., Jason X. Prochaska, Regina A. Jorgenson, and Marc Rafelski. "Bimodality in Damped Lyα Systems." Astrophysical Journal 681, no. 2 (July 10, 2008): 881–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588090.

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18

Phillips, Tsai-Yun, Azriel Rosenfeld, and Allen C. Sher. "O(log n) bimodality analysis." Pattern Recognition 22, no. 6 (January 1989): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(89)90010-1.

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19

Zhang, Chidong, Brian E. Mapes, and Brian J. Soden. "Bimodality in tropical water vapour." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 129, no. 594 (October 2003): 2847–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/qj.02.166.

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20

Iwaniszewski, J. "Stochastic resonance and transient bimodality." Il Nuovo Cimento D 17, no. 7-8 (July 1995): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02451839.

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21

Wilson, Robert M. "Bimodality and the Hale cycle." Solar Physics 117, no. 2 (1988): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00147248.

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22

Tarbă, Nicolae, Mihai-Lucian Voncilă, and Costin-Anton Boiangiu. "On Generalizing Sarle’s Bimodality Coefficient as a Path towards a Newly Composite Bimodality Coefficient." Mathematics 10, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10071042.

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Determining whether a distribution is bimodal is of great interest for many applications. Several tests have been developed, but the only ones that can be run extremely fast, in constant time on any variable-size signal window, are based on Sarle’s bimodality coefficient. We propose in this paper a generalization of this coefficient, to prove its validity, and show how each coefficient can be computed in a fast manner, in constant time, for random regions pertaining to a large dataset. We present some of the caveats of these coefficients and potential ways to circumvent them. We also propose a composite bimodality coefficient obtained as a product of the weighted generalized coefficients. We determine the potential best set of weights to associate with our composite coefficient when using up to three generalized coefficients. Finally, we prove that the composite coefficient outperforms any individual generalized coefficient.

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23

Simoes Loureiro, Isabelle, and Laurent Lefebvre. "Impact of Auditory-Visual Bimodality on Lexical Retrieval in Alzheimer's Disease Patients." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 39, no. 5-6 (2015): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000376609.

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The aim of this study was to generalize the positive impact of auditory-visual bimodality on lexical retrieval in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In practice, the naming skills of healthy elderly persons improve when additional sensory signals are included. The hypothesis of this study was that the same influence would be observable in AD patients. Sixty elderly patients separated into three groups (healthy subjects, stage 1 AD patients, and stage 2 AD patients) were tested with a battery of naming tasks comprising three different modalities: a visual modality, an auditory modality, and a visual and auditory modality (bimodality). Our results reveal the positive influence of bimodality on the accuracy with which bimodal items are named (when compared with unimodal items) and their latency (when compared with unimodal auditory items). These results suggest that multisensory enrichment can improve lexical retrieval in AD patients.

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24

Liu, Zhengyu. "Bimodality in a Monostable Climate–Ecosystem: The Role of Climate Variability and Soil Moisture Memory*." Journal of Climate 23, no. 6 (March 15, 2010): 1447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3183.1.

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Abstract The probabilistic modal response of vegetation to stochastic precipitation variability is studied in a conceptual climate–ecosystem model. It is found that vegetation can exhibit bimodality in a monostable climate–ecosystem under strong rainfall variability and with soil moisture memory comparable with that of the vegetation. The bimodality of vegetation is generated by a convolution of a nonlinear vegetation response and a colored stochastic noise. The nonlinear vegetation response is such that vegetation becomes insensitive to precipitation variability near either end state (green or desert), providing the potential for two preferred modes. The long memory of soil moisture allows the vegetation to respond to a slow stochastic forcing such that the vegetation tends to grow toward its equilibrium states. The implication of the noise-induced bimodality to abrupt changes in the climate–ecosystem is also discussed.

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25

Elimova, Elena, Xuemei Wang, Wei Qiao, Kazuki Sudo, Roopma Wadhwa, Hironori Shiozaki, Venkatram Planjery, et al. "Actionable locoregional failures (LRFs) after therapy of localized esophageal carcinoma (LEC): Surveillance strategies and their benefits." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.21.

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21 Background: The goal of surveillance after local therapy (trimodality or bimodality) is to salvage patients with actionable LRF, however, the benefits of current surveillance strategies are not well documented. We report on a large cohort of LEC patients with actionable LRF. Methods: Between 2000 and 2013, 127 patients with actionable LRF were assessed. Histologic/cytologic confirmation of LRF was the gold standard. All surveillance tools (imaging and endoscopy) were assessed. Results: The majority of the patients were men (89%), had adenocarcinoma (79%), had their LRF identified through surveillance (85%) and most had no new symptoms (72%). For the 41 LRFs after trimodality, the sensitivity of PET/CT alone was 93% but the specificity was 67%. In trimodality patients with a positive PET/CT for LRF, only 44% had LRF confirmed by endoscopy and 56% LRFs confirm by additional testing (e.g., FNA, etc). Alternatively, in bimodality patients, endoscopy confirmed LRF in 81% (n=85; 1 patient not evaluable). Trimodality patients were at higher risk of subsequent (e.g., distant) relapse after LRF was documented than were bimodality patients (p=0.03); 78% of the relapses were distant. In bimodality patients, 99% of relapses (LRF and/or distant) occurred within 36 months of therapy while in trimodality patients, 90% of relapses occurred within 36 months of surgery. Conclusions: Our data suggest that PET/CT is more likely to detect LRFs than endoscopy in trimodality patients. However, in bimodality patients, endoscopy is more valuable than PET/CT for documenting LRFs. At least 3 years of surveillance are needed for all LEC patients. However, even after the salvage, distant relapses are common. From U. T. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC), Houston, Texas, USA. (Supported in part by UTMDACC, and CA 138671 and CA172741 from the NCI).

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26

Johnston, Benjamin, and Feiqin Xie. "Characterizing Extratropical Tropopause Bimodality and its Relationship to the Occurrence of Double Tropopauses Using COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Observations." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071109.

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Lapse rate tropopause (LRT) heights in the extratropics have been shown to display a bimodal distribution, with one modal maxima above 15 km (typical of the tropical tropopause) and the other below 13 km (typical of the extratropical tropopause). The climatology of the tropopause is studied by characterizing tropopause bimodality and how it relates to the occurrence of double tropopauses (DTs). LRT heights are derived from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) GPS Radio Occultation temperature profiles from 2006 to 2017. Tropopause bimodality occurs most frequently within a subtropical band (20°–40°) in both hemispheres. A distinct seasonality is observed as bimodality occurs most frequently in winter except for another local maximum along the northern edge of the Asian summer monsoon. The regions with a bimodal height distribution nearly overlap the regions that experience a high frequency of DTs. DTs occur most frequently in winter (50%–70% of the time) along the poleward edge of the bimodal band, and most LRT heights are within the extratropical mode (>80%), whereas DT occurrence decreases quickly toward the equatorward edge (<20%) along with fewer LRT heights in the extratropical mode (<50%). These results indicate that LRT height bimodality occurs along the equatorward edge due to the occurrences of double tropopauses, while the poleward edge is due to single tropopause profiles that are more tropical in nature.

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27

Broggi, G., L. A. Lugiato, and A. Colombo. "Transient bimodality in optically bistable systems." Physical Review A 32, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 2803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.32.2803.

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28

Waters, Christopher Z., Stephen E. Zepf, Tod R. Lauer, and Edward A. Baltz. "COLOR BIMODALITY IN M87 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS." Astrophysical Journal 693, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/1/463.

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29

Buyukcizmeci, N., and R. Ogul. "Bimodality in multifragmentation of finite nuclei." Physica Scripta T125 (June 28, 2006): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2006/t125/041.

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30

Santitissadeekorn, Naratip, and Chris Jones. "A bimodality trap in model projections." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 25, no. 3 (March 2015): 036412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4915090.

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31

Lugiato, L. A., A. Colombo, G. Broggi, and R. J. Horowicz. "Destruction of bimodality by multiplicative noise." Physical Review A 33, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 4469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.33.4469.

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32

Driver, Simon P., Jochen Liske, and Alister W. Graham. "The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: Galaxy Bimodality." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S235 (August 2006): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306004960.

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AbstractGalaxy bimodality is caused by the bulge-disc nature of galaxies as opposed to two distinct galaxy classes. This is evident in the colour-structure plane which clearly shows that elliptical galaxies (bulge-only) lie in the red compact peak and late-type spiral galaxies (disc-dominated) lie in the blue diffuse peak. Early-type spirals (bulge plus disc systems) sprawl across both peaks. However after bulge-disc decomposition the bulges of early-type spirals lie exclusively in the red compact peak and their discs in the blue diffuse peak (exceptions exist but are rare, e.g., dust reddened edge-on discs and blue pseudo-bulges). Movement between these two peaks is not trivial because whilst switching off star-formation can transform colours from blue to red, modifying the orbits of ~1 billion stars from a planar diffuse structure to a triaxial compact structure is problematic (essentially requiring an equal mass merger). We propose that the most plausible explanation for the dual structure of galaxies is that galaxy formation proceeds in two stages. First an initial collapse phase (forming a centrally concentrated core and black hole), followed by splashback, infall and accretion (forming a planar rotating disc). Dwarf systems coule perhaps follow the same scenario but the lack of low luminosity bulge-disc systems would imply that the two components must rapidly blend to form a single flattened spheroidal system.

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33

VOLBRECHT, VICKI J., JANICE L. NERGER, and CHRISLYN E. HARLOW. "The Bimodality of Unique Green Revisited." Vision Research 37, no. 4 (February 1997): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00158-7.

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34

Calderoni, P., A. Pellegrinotti, E. Presutti, and M. E. Vares. "Transient bimodality in interacting particle systems." Journal of Statistical Physics 55, no. 3-4 (May 1989): 523–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01041597.

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35

Poli, Roberto. "Bimodality of formal ontology and mereology." International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 43, no. 5-6 (November 1995): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1995.1069.

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36

Palejev, Dean. "A Bimodality Test in High Dimensions." Serdica Journal of Computing 6, no. 4 (March 20, 2013): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2012.6.437-450.

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We present a test for identifying clusters in high dimensional data based on the k-means algorithm when the null hypothesis is spherical normal. We show that projection techniques used for evaluating validity of clusters may be misleading for such data. In particular, we demonstrate that increasingly well-separated clusters are identified as the dimensionality increases, when no such clusters exist. Furthermore, in a case of true bimodality, increasing the dimensionality makes identifying the correct clusters more difficult. In addition to the original conservative test, we propose a practical test with the same asymptotic behavior that performs well for a moderate number of points and moderate dimensionality. ACM Computing Classification System (1998): I.5.3.

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37

Rothberg, B., R. Somerville, B. Whitmore, and W. Harris. "A Semi-Analytic Approach to Understanding the Bimodality of GCs in the Milky Way & M31." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S235 (August 2006): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306005643.

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AbstractOne of the most important results in the study of Globular Clusters (GC) has been the discovery of bimodality in the broad-band colors of many systems. Observations of the Milky Way, M31 and Centaurus A strongly suggest this is a bi-modality in metallicity. One method of constraining, and perhaps better understanding the observed bimodality of GCs is to use semi-analytic models (SAMs) to test both the galaxy and GC formation scenarios. We present the results of a study to test whether SAMs can accurately reproduce the physical characteristics of both the parent galaxy (including luminosity, mass and metallicity) and GC populations. The focus of the work is to test whether the SAMs are capable of reproducing the observed properties of spiral galaxies, in particular the Milky Way and M31, and what, if any, constraints this may place on the formation scenarios of GCs. Among the results are indications that bimodality may be directly connected with reionization at z ~ 7–8.

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Christiansen, Bo. "Stratospheric Bimodality: Can the Equatorial QBO Explain the Regime Behavior of the NH Winter Vortex?" Journal of Climate 23, no. 14 (July 15, 2010): 3953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3495.1.

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Abstract The Northern Hemisphere extended winter mean stratospheric vortex alternates between a strong and a weak state, which is manifested in a statistically significant bimodal distribution. In the end of the 1970s a regime change took place, increasing the frequency of the strong phase relative to the weak phase. This paper investigates the connection between the regime behavior of the vortex and the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in three different datasets. Although there are some differences between the datasets, they agree regarding the general picture. It is found that stratospheric equatorial wind between 70 and 8 hPa shows a bimodal structure in the Northern Hemisphere winter. Such bimodality is nontrivial as it requires only weak variability in the amplitude. Unimodality is found above 8 hPa, where the semiannual oscillation dominates. A strong coincidence is found between strong (weak) vortex winters and winter in the westerly (easterly) QBO regime. Furthermore, the change of the vortex in the late 1970s can be related to a change in the QBO from a period with strong bimodality to a period with weak bimodality. Careful consideration of the statistical significance shows that this change in the QBO can be a random process simply related to the annual sampling of the QBO. Finally, previous findings of phase locking between the QBO and the annual cycle are considered; it is shown that the phase locking is related to the seasonal variations in the bimodality of the QBO.

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Yin, Z., S. C. Dekker, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, and H. A. Dijkstra. "Bimodality of woody cover and biomass across the precipitation gradient in West Africa." Earth System Dynamics 5, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-257-2014.

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Abstract. Multiple states of woody cover under similar climate conditions are found in both conceptual models and observations. Due to the limitation of the observed woody cover data set, it is unclear whether the observed bimodality is caused by the presence of multiple stable states or is due to dynamic growth processes of vegetation. In this study, we combine a woody cover data set with an aboveground biomass data set to investigate the simultaneous occurrences of savanna and forest states under the same precipitation forcing. To interpret the results we use a recently developed vegetation dynamics model (the Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model), in which the effect of fires is included. Our results show that bimodality also exists in aboveground biomass and retrieved vegetation structure. In addition, the observed savanna distribution can be understood as derived from a stable state and a slightly drifting (transient) state, the latter having the potential to shift to the forest state. Finally, the results indicate that vegetation structure (horizontal vs. vertical leaf extent) is a crucial component for the existence of bimodality.

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Yin, Z., S. C. Dekker, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, and H. A. Dijkstra. "Bimodality of woody cover and biomass in semi-arid regime." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 5, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 83–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-83-2014.

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Abstract. Multiple states of woody cover under similar climate conditions are found in both conceptual models and observations. Due to the limitation of the observed woody cover data set, it is unclear whether the observed bimodality is caused by the presence of multiple stable states or is due to dynamic growth processes of vegetation. In this study, we combine a woody cover data set with an above ground biomass data set to investigate the simultaneous occurrences of savanna and forest states under different precipitation forcing. To interpret the results we use a recently developed vegetation dynamics model (the Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model), in which the effect of fires is included. Our results show that bimodality also exists in above ground biomass and retrieved vegetation structure. In addition, the observed savanna distribution can be understood as derived from a stable state and a slightly drifting (transient) state, the latter having the potential to shift to the forest state. Finally, the results indicate that vegetation structure (horizontal vs. vertical leaf extent) is a crucial component for the existence of bimodality.

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Bekker, Andriette, Priyanka Nagar, Mohammad Arashi, and Hannes Rautenbach. "From Symmetry to Asymmetry on the Disc Manifold: Modeling of Marion Island Data." Symmetry 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11081030.

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The joint modeling of angular and linear observations is crucial as data of this nature are prevalent in multiple disciplines, for example the joint modeling of wind direction and another climatological variable such as wind speed or air temperature, the direction an animal moves and the distance moved, or wave direction and wave height. Hence, there is a need for developing flexible distributions on the hyper-disc, which has support of the interior of the hyper-sphere, as it allows for modeling the combination of angular and linear observations. This paper addresses this need by developing flexible distributions for the disc that have the ability to capture any inherent bimodality present in the data. A new class of bivariate distributions is proposed which has support on the unit disc in two dimensions that includes, as a special case, the existing Möbius distribution on the disc. This class is obtained by expressing the density function in a general form using a measurable function termed as generator. Special cases of this generator are considered to demonstrate the flexibility. By applying a conformal mapping to the generator function a new Möbius distribution class emanates. This class of bivariate distributions on the disc is the first to account for bimodality and skewness present in the data. The flexible behavior of the proposed models in terms of bimodality and skewness is graphically demonstrated. Preliminary evidential analysis of the wind data observed at Marion Island reveals the absence of unimodality in the data. The fit of the proposed models, which account for bimodality, to the Marion Island wind data were evaluated analytically and visually.

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Yin, Z., S. C. Dekker, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, and H. A. Dijkstra. "The climatic imprint of bimodal distributions in vegetation cover for West Africa." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 21 (November 13, 2015): 18213–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-18213-2015.

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Abstract. Observed bimodal distributions of woody cover in West Africa provide evidence that alternative ecosystem states may exist under the same precipitation regimes. Understanding the explicit climate conditions where the woody cover bimodality can exist is important to predict crucial transitions of ecosystems due to climate change. In this study, we show that bimodality can also be observed in mean annual shortwave radiation and above ground biomass. Through conditional histogram analysis, we find that the bimodality of woody cover can only exist under low mean annual shortwave radiation and low above ground biomass. Based on a land cover map, in which anthropogenic land use was removed, six climatic indicators that represent water, energy, climate seasonality and water-radiation coupling are analyzed to investigate the coexistence of these indicators with specific land cover types. From this analysis we find that the mean annual precipitation is not a sufficient predictor of a potential land cover change. Indicators of climate seasonality are strongly related to the observed land cover type. However, these indicators can only demonstrate the potential occurrence of bimodality but cannot exclude the probability of bimodal vegetation distributions. A new indicator: the normalized difference of precipitation, successfully expresses the stability of the precipitation regime and can improve the accuracy of predictions of forest states. We evaluate the land cover predictions based on different combinations of climatic indicators. Regions with high potential of land cover transitions are displayed. The results suggest that the tropical forest in the Congo basin may be unstable and shows the possibility to significantly decrease. An increase in the area covered by savanna and grass is possible, which coincides with an observed re-greening of the Sahara.

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Orimoloye, Stephen, Harshinie Karunarathna, and Dominic E. Reeve. "Reflection Analysis of Impermeable Slopes under Bimodal Sea Conditions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020133.

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Understanding of the reflection characteristics of coastal seawalls is crucial for design. Wave reflection can cause difficulties in small vessel manoeuvring at harbour entrances; this can cause damage to the toe of coastal structures by scouring. Previous studies have examined the reflection characteristics of coastal seawalls under random wind-generated waves without considering the effects of wave bimodality created by the presence of swell waves. This present study focuses on the influence of random wave bimodality on the reflective characteristics of coastal seawalls. 823 experimental tests were conducted to examine the reflection performance of impermeable sloping seawalls under bimodal waves. Reflection coefficients were computed from each test. The analysis of the results suggests that both unimodal and bimodal waves give similar reflection characteristics. However, the reflection coefficient in bimodal sea states seems to be more prolonged than in the unimodal sea states. It was found that the reflection coefficients of coastal seawalls are strongly influenced by the seawall slope, the wave steepness, the relative water depth, and the surf similarity parameters. A new empirical reflection equation to describe the influence of wave bimodality on the reflection characteristics of coastal seawalls has been formulated based on this study.

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Hendry, Andrew P., Peter R. Grant, B. Rosemary Grant, Hugh A. Ford, Mark J. Brewer, and Jeffrey Podos. "Possible human impacts on adaptive radiation: beak size bimodality in Darwin's finches." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1596 (May 2, 2006): 1887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3534.

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Adaptive radiation is facilitated by a rugged adaptive landscape, where fitness peaks correspond to trait values that enhance the use of distinct resources. Different species are thought to occupy the different peaks, with hybrids falling into low-fitness valleys between them. We hypothesize that human activities can smooth adaptive landscapes, increase hybrid fitness and hamper evolutionary diversification. We investigated this possibility by analysing beak size data for 1755 Geospiza fortis measured between 1964 and 2005 on the island of Santa Cruz, Galápagos. Some populations of this species can display a resource-based bimodality in beak size, which mirrors the greater beak size differences among species. We first show that an historically bimodal population at one site, Academy Bay, has lost this property in concert with a marked increase in local human population density. We next show that a nearby site with lower human impacts, El Garrapatero, currently manifests strong bimodality. This comparison suggests that bimodality can persist when human densities are low (Academy Bay in the past, El Garrapatero in the present), but not when they are high (Academy Bay in the present). Human activities may negatively impact diversification in ‘young’ adaptive radiations, perhaps by altering adaptive landscapes.

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Danesi, Marcel. "Neurological Bimodality and Theories of Language Teaching." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 10, no. 1 (February 1988): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100006938.

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The failure of the method notion in second language teaching has been attributed to a series of valid pedagogical and socioeducational factors. The concept of neurological bimodality, which posits that effective language learning in a classroom environment requires the utilization of the perceptual modalities associated with each cerebral hemisphere, offers a more fundamental, neurologically related diagnosis of this failure. This paper looks at the historiography of language teaching theories from the perspective of bimodality, and then concludes with specific suggestions vis-à-vis the kinds of research directions that might empirically substantiate the usefulness of this concept for second language acquisition in a classroom environment.

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Wang, Wenchu, Defu Cai, and Xueming Liu. "Control capacity and bimodality in target control." Europhysics Letters 139, no. 5 (August 24, 2022): 51004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ac8a11.

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Abstract Controlling large networks is a fundamental problem and a great challenge in network science. Typically, full control is not necessary and infeasible. In many cases, only a preselected subset of nodes is required to be controlled, which is the target control problem. Each node does not participate in controlling the target set with equal probability, prompting us to quantify their contributions for target control. Here we develop a random sampling method to estimate the likelihood of each node participating as a driver node in target control configurations and demonstrate the unbiasedness of sampling. Each node is assigned with a role of critical, intermittent or redundant as it appears in all, some and none of the minimum driver node sets accordingly. We apply the method to Erdős-Rényi (ER) and scale-free (SF) networks and find that the fractions of critical and intermittent nodes increase as the scale of the target set increases. Furthermore, when the size of target node is fixed in SF networks, the fraction of redundant nodes may show a bimodal behavior as the networks become denser, leading to two control modes: centralized control and distributed control. The findings help understand the dynamics of control and offer tools for target control in complex systems.

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Mullick, Arjun, and Arnab K. Ray. "Dynamics of Bimodality in Vehicular Traffic Flows." Journal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 3, no. 1 (March 2014): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5890/jand.2014.03.002.

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Benetatos, Panayotis, and Mohammadhosein Razbin. "Orientational Fluctuations and Bimodality in Semiflexible Nunchucks." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13122031.

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Semiflexible nunchucks are block copolymers consisting of two long blocks with high bending rigidity jointed by a short block of lower bending stiffness. Recently, the DNA nanotube nunchuck was introduced as a simple nanoinstrument that mechanically magnifies the bending angle of short double-stranded (ds) DNA and allows its measurement in a straightforward way [Fygenson et al., Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 2, 1388–1395]. It comprises two long DNA nanotubes linked by a dsDNA segment, which acts as a hinge. The semiflexible nunchuck geometry also appears in dsDNA with a hinge defect (e.g., a quenched denaturation bubble or a nick), and in end-linked stiff filaments. In this article, we theoretically investigate various aspects of the conformations and the tensile elasticity of semiflexible nunchucks. We analytically calculate the distribution of bending fluctuations of a wormlike chain (WLC) consisting of three blocks with different bending stiffness. For a system of two weakly bending WLCs end-jointed by a rigid kink, with one end grafted, we calculate the distribution of positional fluctuations of the free end. For a system of two weakly bending WLCs end-jointed by a hinge modeled as harmonic bending spring, with one end grafted, we calculate the positional fluctuations of the free end. We show that, under certain conditions, there is a pronounced bimodality in the transverse fluctuations of the free end. For a semiflexible nunchuck under tension, under certain conditions, there is bimodality in the extension as a function of the hinge position. We also show how steric repulsion affects the bending fluctuations of a rigid-rod nunchuck.

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Horiuchi, Yasuharu, Hiroaki Funai, and Soutarou Funasaka. "Bimodality of PII of ABR in rats." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 28, no. 3 (1985): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.28.211.

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Pasquato, Mario, Paolo Miocchi, and Suk-Jin Yoon. "Blue Straggler Bimodality: A Brownian Motion Model." Astrophysical Journal 867, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae52c.

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