Journal articles: 'Bimodal Interaction'

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Koulidobrova, Elena V. "Language interaction effects in bimodal bilingualism." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, no. 5 (June 24, 2016): 583–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.13047.kou.

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Abstract The focus of the paper is a phenomenon well documented in both monolingual and bilingual English acquisition: argument omission. Previous studies have shown that bilinguals acquiring a null and a non-null argument language simultaneously tend to exhibit unidirectional cross-language interaction effects — the non-null argument language remains unaffected but over-suppliance of overt elements in the null argument language is observed. Here subject and object omission in both ASL (null argument) and English (non-null argument) of young ASL-English bilinguals is examined. Results demonstrate that in spontaneous English production, ASL-English bilinguals omit subjects and objects to a higher rate, for longer, and in unexpected environments when compared with English monolinguals and bilinguals; no effect on ASL is observed. Findings also show that the children differentiate between their two languages — rates of argument omission in English are different during ASL vs. English target sessions differ. Implications for the general theory of bilingual effects are offered.

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Piwek, Lukasz, Karin Petrini, and Frank E. Pollick. "Auditory signal dominates visual in the perception of emotional social interactions." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647450.

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Multimodal perception of emotions has been typically examined using displays of a solitary character (e.g., the face–voice and/or body–sound of one actor). We extend investigation to more complex, dyadic point-light displays combined with speech. A motion and voice capture system was used to record twenty actors interacting in couples with happy, angry and neutral emotional expressions. The obtained stimuli were validated in a pilot study and used in the present study to investigate multimodal perception of emotional social interactions. Participants were required to categorize happy and angry expressions displayed visually, auditorily, or using emotionally congruent and incongruent bimodal displays. In a series of cross-validation experiments we found that sound dominated the visual signal in the perception of emotional social interaction. Although participants’ judgments were faster in the bimodal condition, the accuracy of judgments was similar for both bimodal and auditory-only conditions. When participants watched emotionally mismatched bimodal displays, they predominantly oriented their judgments towards the auditory rather than the visual signal. This auditory dominance persisted even when the reliability of auditory signal was decreased with noise, although visual information had some effect on judgments of emotions when it was combined with a noisy auditory signal. Our results suggest that when judging emotions from observed social interaction, we rely primarily on vocal cues from the conversation, rather then visual cues from their body movement.

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Schindler, S. "Interaction in the bimodal galaxy cluster A3528." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 280, no. 1 (May 1, 1996): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/280.1.309.

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KROLL, JUDITH F., and KINSEY BICE. "Bimodal bilingualism reveals mechanisms of cross-language interaction." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 2 (July 20, 2015): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000449.

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In the recent swell of research on bilingualism and its consequences for the mind and the brain, there has been a warning that we need to remember that not all bilinguals are the same (e.g., Green & Abutalebi, 2013; Kroll & Bialystok, 2013; Luk & Bialystok, 2013). There are bilinguals who acquired two languages in early childhood and have used them continuously throughout their lives, bilinguals who acquired one language early and then switched to another language when they entered school or emigrated from one country to another, and others who only acquired a second language (L2) as an adult. Among these forms of bilingualism there are differences in both the context and amount of time spent in each language and differences in the status of the languages themselves. The L2 may be a majority language, spoken by almost everyone in the environment, or a minority language, spoken only by a few. The native or first language (L1) may also be the dominant language or may have been overtaken by the influence of the L2 given the circumstances imposed by the environment. Likewise, the L1 and L2 may vary in how similar they are structurally, whether they share the same written script, or whether one language is spoken and the other signed.

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Chauhan, Ankur, Luis Straßberger, Ulrich Führer, Dimitri Litvinov, and Jarir Aktaa. "Creep-fatigue interaction in a bimodal 12Cr-ODS steel." International Journal of Fatigue 102 (September 2017): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.05.003.

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Labuda, Aleksander, Marta Kocuń, Waiman Meinhold, Deron Walters, and Roger Proksch. "Generalized Hertz model for bimodal nanomechanical mapping." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (July 5, 2016): 970–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.89.

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Bimodal atomic force microscopy uses a cantilever that is simultaneously driven at two of its eigenmodes (resonant modes). Parameters associated with both resonances can be measured and used to extract quantitative nanomechanical information about the sample surface. Driving the first eigenmode at a large amplitude and a higher eigenmode at a small amplitude simultaneously provides four independent observables that are sensitive to the tip–sample nanomechanical interaction parameters. To demonstrate this, a generalized theoretical framework for extracting nanomechanical sample properties from bimodal experiments is presented based on Hertzian contact mechanics. Three modes of operation for measuring cantilever parameters are considered: amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation. The experimental equivalence of all three modes is demonstrated on measurements of the second eigenmode parameters. The contact mechanics theory is then extended to power-law tip shape geometries, which is applied to analyze the experimental data and extract a shape and size of the tip interacting with a polystyrene surface.

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Locke, John L. "Bimodal signaling in infancy." Interaction Studies 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2007): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.8.1.11loc.

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It has long been asserted that the evolutionary path to spoken language was paved by manual–gestural behaviors, a claim that has been revitalized in response to recent research on mirror neurons. Renewed interest in the relationship between manual and vocal behavior draws attention to its development. Here, the pointing and vocalization of 16.5-month-old infants are reported as a function of the context in which they occurred. When infants operated in a referential mode, the frequency of simultaneous vocalization and pointing exceeded the frequency of vocalization-only and pointing-only responses by a wide margin. In a non-communicative context, combinatorial effects persisted, but in weaker form. Manual–vocal signals thus appear to express the operation of an integrated system, arguably adaptive in the young from evolutionary times to the present. It was speculated, based on reported evidence, that manual behavior increases the frequency and complexity of vocal behaviors in modern infants. There may be merit in the claim that manual behavior facilitated the evolution of language because it helped make available, early in development, behaviors that under selection pressures in later ontogenetic stages elaborated into speech.

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Hoffmann, T. L., W. Chen, G. H. Koopmann, A. W. Scaroni, and L. Song. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Bimodal Acoustic Agglomeration." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930338.

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The interaction between fly ash particles (first mode) and sorbent particles (second mode) in coal combustion processes is studied under the influence of a low frequency, high intensity acoustic field. The effect of bimodal acoustic agglomeration is evaluated in a numerical sensitivity analysis on parameters such as residence time in the combustion chamber and mass loading of the particle modes. An Acoustic Agglomeration Simulation Model (AASM) developed by Song at the Pennsylvania State University is used for these numerical studies. Experimental examinations carried out in a down-fired combustor show evidence of bimodal agglomeration and enhanced particle interaction under the influence of a low frequency (44 Hz), high intensity (160 dB) sound field. The results of the experiments are compared to the equivalent numerical studies and good agreement can be shown between the two sets of data.

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Shi, Shuai, Dan Guo, and Jianbin Luo. "Interfacial interaction and enhanced image contrasts in higher mode and bimodal mode atomic force microscopy." RSC Advances 7, no. 87 (2017): 55121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra11635g.

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Zhang, J., M. Gonit, M. D. Salazar, A. Shatnawi, L. Shemshedini, R. Trumbly, and M. Ratnam. "C/EBPα redirects androgen receptor signaling through a unique bimodal interaction." Oncogene 29, no. 5 (November 9, 2009): 723–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.373.

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Miller, Jeff. "Channel interaction and the redundant-targets effect in bimodal divided attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 17, no. 1 (1991): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.17.1.160.

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Yin, Erwei, Timothy Zeyl, Rami Saab, Dewen Hu, Zongtan Zhou, and Tom Chau. "An Auditory-Tactile Visual Saccade-Independent P300 Brain–Computer Interface." International Journal of Neural Systems 26, no. 01 (January 5, 2016): 1650001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065716500015.

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Most P300 event-related potential (ERP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) studies focus on gaze shift-dependent BCIs, which cannot be used by people who have lost voluntary eye movement. However, the performance of visual saccade-independent P300 BCIs is generally poor. To improve saccade-independent BCI performance, we propose a bimodal P300 BCI approach that simultaneously employs auditory and tactile stimuli. The proposed P300 BCI is a vision-independent system because no visual interaction is required of the user. Specifically, we designed a direction-congruent bimodal paradigm by randomly and simultaneously presenting auditory and tactile stimuli from the same direction. Furthermore, the channels and number of trials were tailored to each user to improve online performance. With 12 participants, the average online information transfer rate (ITR) of the bimodal approach improved by 45.43% and 51.05% over that attained, respectively, with the auditory and tactile approaches individually. Importantly, the average online ITR of the bimodal approach, including the break time between selections, reached 10.77 bits/min. These findings suggest that the proposed bimodal system holds promise as a practical visual saccade-independent P300 BCI.

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Jaratrotkamjorn, Apichart. "Bimodal Emotion Recognition Using Deep Belief Network." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 15, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2021151.226446.

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The emotions are very important in human daily life. In order to make the machine can recognize the human emotional state, and it can intelligently respond to need for human, which are very important in human-computer interaction. The majority of existing work concentrate on the classification of six basic emotions only. In this research work propose the emotion recognition system through the multimodal approach, which integrated information from both facial and speech expressions. The database has eight basic emotions (neutral, calm, happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgust, and surprised). Emotions are classified using deep belief network method. The experiment results show that the performance of bimodal emotion recognition system, it has better improvement. The overall accuracy rate is 97.92%.

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Magosso, Elisa, Andrea Serino, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, and Mauro Ursino. "Crossmodal Links between Vision and Touch in Spatial Attention: A Computational Modelling Study." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/304941.

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Many studies have revealed that attention operates across different sensory modalities, to facilitate the selection of relevant information in the multimodal situations of every-day life. Cross-modal links have been observed either when attention is directed voluntarily (endogenous) or involuntarily (exogenous). The neural basis of cross-modal attention presents a significant challenge to cognitive neuroscience. Here, we used a neural network model to elucidate the neural correlates of visual-tactile interactions in exogenous and endogenous attention. The model includes two unimodal (visual and tactile) areas connected with a bimodal area in each hemisphere and a competition between the two hemispheres. The model is able to explain cross-modal facilitation both in exogenous and endogenous attention, ascribing it to an advantaged activation of the bimodal area on the attended side (via a top-down or bottom-up biasing), with concomitant inhibition towards the opposite side. The model suggests that a competitive/cooperative interaction with biased competition may mediate both forms of cross-modal attention.

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Park, Jin Man, Norbert Mattern, Uta Kühn, Jürgen Eckert, Ki Buem Kim, Won Tae Kim, Kamanio Chattopadhyay, and Do Hyang Kim. "High-strength bulk Al-based bimodal ultrafine eutectic composite with enhanced plasticity." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 8 (August 2009): 2605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0297.

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An in situ bulk ultrafine bimodal eutectic Al–Cu–Si composite was synthesized by solidification. This heterostructured composite with microstructural length scale hierarchy in the eutectic microstructure, which combines an ultrafine-scale binary cellular eutectic (α-Al + Al2Cu) and a nanometer-sized anomalous ternary eutectic (α-Al + Al2Cu + Si), exhibits high fracture strength (1.1 ± 0.1 GPa) and large compressive plastic strain (11 ± 2%) at room temperature. The improved compressive plasticity of the bimodal-nanoeutectic composite originates from homogeneous and uniform distribution of inhomogeneous plastic deformation (localized shear bands), together with strong interaction between shear bands in the spatially heterogeneous structure.

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Messina, A., S. Maniscalco, and A. Napoli. "Interaction of bimodal fields with few-level atoms in cavities and traps." Journal of Modern Optics 50, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340308234530.

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Fiedler, K., M. Veit, M. A. Stamnes, and J. E. Rothman. "Bimodal Interaction of Coatomer with the p24 Family of Putative Cargo Receptors." Science 273, no. 5280 (September 6, 1996): 1396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5280.1396.

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D'Onofrio, Kristen, Virginia Richards, and René Gifford. "Spatial Release From Informational and Energetic Masking in Bimodal and Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 3816–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00044.

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Purpose Spatially separating speech and background noise improves speech understanding in normal-hearing listeners, an effect referred to as spatial release from masking (SRM). In cochlear implant (CI) users, SRM has often been demonstrated using asymmetric noise configurations, which maximize benefit from head shadow and the potential availability of binaural cues. In contrast, SRM in symmetrical configurations has been minimal to absent in CI users. We examined the interaction between two types of maskers (informational and energetic) and SRM in bimodal and bilateral CI users. We hypothesized that SRM would be absent or “negative” using symmetrically separated noise maskers. Second, we hypothesized that bimodal listeners would exhibit greater release from informational masking due to access to acoustic information in the non-CI ear. Method Participants included 10 bimodal and 10 bilateral CI users. Speech understanding in noise was tested in 24 conditions: 3 spatial configurations (S 0 N 0 , S 0 N 45&315 , S 0 N 90&270 ) × 2 masker types (speech, signal-correlated noise) × 2 listening configurations (best-aided, CI-alone) × 2 talker gender conditions (different-gender, same-gender). Results In support of our first hypothesis, both groups exhibited negative SRM with increasing spatial separation. In opposition to our second hypothesis, both groups exhibited similar magnitudes of release from informational masking. The magnitude of release was greater for bimodal listeners, though this difference failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions Both bimodal and bilateral CI recipients exhibited negative SRM. This finding is consistent with CI signal processing limitations, the audiologic factors associated with SRM, and known effects of behind-the-ear microphone technology. Though release from informational masking was not significantly different across groups, the magnitude of release was greater for bimodal listeners. This suggests that bimodal listeners may be at least marginally more susceptible to informational masking than bilateral CI users, though further research is warranted.

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Kotera, N., E. Dubost, G. Milanole, E. Doris, E. Gravel, N. Arhel, T. Brotin, et al. "A doubly responsive probe for the detection of Cys4-tagged proteins." Chemical Communications 51, no. 57 (2015): 11482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04721h.

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A biosensor for bimodal detection of recombinant Cys-tagged proteins via fluorescence and hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe NMR is presented. Interaction with a peptide containing the motif Cys–Cys–X–X–Cys–Cys activates both fluorescence and NMR responses.

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Leret, Sofía, Yann Pouillon, Santiago Casado, Cristina Navío, Ángel Rubio, and Emilio M. Pérez. "Bimodal supramolecular functionalization of carbon nanotubes triggered by covalent bond formation." Chemical Science 8, no. 3 (2017): 1927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc03894h.

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Zhu, Ying-Xin, and Hao-Ran Jin. "Speaker Localization Based on Audio-Visual Bimodal Fusion." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 25, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2021.p0375.

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The demand for fluency in human–computer interaction is on an increase globally; thus, the active localization of the speaker by the machine has become a problem worth exploring. Considering that the stability and accuracy of the single-mode localization method are low, while the multi-mode localization method can utilize the redundancy of information to improve accuracy and anti-interference, a speaker localization method based on voice and image multimodal fusion is proposed. First, the voice localization method based on time differences of arrival (TDOA) in a microphone array and the face detection method based on the AdaBoost algorithm are presented herein. Second, a multimodal fusion method based on spatiotemporal fusion of speech and image is proposed, and it uses a coordinate system converter and frame rate tracker. The proposed method was tested by positioning the speaker stand at 15 different points, and each point was tested 50 times. The experimental results demonstrate that there is a high accuracy when the speaker stands in front of the positioning system within a certain range.

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Khan, Amish Mustafa, Dorina Kallogjeri, and Jay F. Piccirillo. "51152 Efficacy of Bimodal Visual-Olfactory Training in Patients with COVID-19 resultant Hyposmia or Anosmia Using Patient-Preferred Scents (VOLT Trial - Visual-OLfactory Training)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.711.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Olfactory dysfunction is a defining symptom of COVID-19 infection. As the number of total, confirmed COVID-19 cases approaches 7 million in the United States, it is estimated that there will be up to 500,000 new cases of chronically diminished smell. We offer a promising treatment. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The primary aim is to explore the main effects and interaction of bimodal visual-olfactory training and patient-preferred scents on olfactory training in patients with post-COVID-19 hyposmia or anosmia. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study will utilize a 2x2 factorial design. The two effects we will explore are unimodal versus bimodal training and conventional versus patient-preferred odors. All 4 arms will undergo 12 weeks of olfactory training. Participants will be assessed pre and post-intervention. Measurements of olfactory function include the objective smell identification test and subjective measures including the Clinical Global Impression Scale and Olfactory Dysfunction Outcomes Rating. Individuals eligible for the study include men and women between 18 and 70 years of age with olfactory dysfunction of at least 3 months duration initially diagnosed within 2 weeks of a COVID-19 infection. Of note, we will enroll nationally. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that the bimodal, patient-preferred scents training group will have the greatest improvement in smell scores, number of responders, and patient-reported sense of smell and health-related quality of life due to an additive interaction between the bimodal visual-olfactory and patient-preferred interventions. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The pathophysiology of COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction is mediated through damage to the peripheral and central olfactory pathways. This suggests that interventions most likely to be efficacious target both pathways, as olfactory training does.

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Defays, Aurore, Stéphane Safin, Alexis Billon, Christine Decaestecker, Nadine Warzée, Pierre Leclercq, and Anne-Sophie Nyssen. "Bimodal Interaction: The Role of Visual Information in Performing Acoustic Assessment in Architecture." Ergonomics Open Journal 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875934301407010013.

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Daneshfar, Zahra, Fatemeh Goharpey, and Reza Foudazi. "Depletion-induced interaction in concentrated bimodal suspensions of nanosilica in poly(ethylene glycol)." Rheologica Acta 58, no. 1-2 (January 16, 2019): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-018-01125-9.

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Liu, Yan-hua, and Zhao-qin Yin. "A New Method of Moments for the Bimodal Particle System in the Stokes Regime." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/840218.

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The current paper studied the particle system in the Stokes regime with a bimodal distribution. In such a system, the particles tend to congregate around two major sizes. In order to investigate this system, the conventional method of moments (MOM) should be extended to include the interaction between different particle clusters. The closure problem for MOM arises and can be solved by a multipoint Taylor-expansion technique. The exact expression is deduced to include the size effect between different particle clusters. The collision effects between different modals could also be modeled. The new model was simply tested and proved to be effective to treat the bimodal system. The results showed that, for single-modal particle system, the results from new model were the same as those from TEMOM. However, for the bimodal particle system, there was a distinct difference between the two models, especially for the zero-order moment. The current model generated fewer particles than TEMOM. The maximum deviation reached about 15% for m0 and 4% for m2. The detailed distribution of each submodal could also be investigated through current model.

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Crowe, Brandon L., Ross C. Larue, Chunhua Yuan, Sonja Hess, Mamuka Kvaratskhelia, and Mark P. Foster. "Structure of the Brd4 ET domain bound to a C-terminal motif from γ-retroviral integrases reveals a conserved mechanism of interaction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 8 (February 8, 2016): 2086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516813113.

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The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family are promising therapeutic targets for a range of diseases linked to transcriptional activation, cancer, viral latency, and viral integration. Tandem bromodomains selectively tether BET proteins to chromatin by engaging cognate acetylated histone marks, and the extraterminal (ET) domain is the focal point for recruiting a range of cellular and viral proteins. BET proteins guide γ-retroviral integration to transcription start sites and enhancers through bimodal interaction with chromatin and the γ-retroviral integrase (IN). We report the NMR-derived solution structure of the Brd4 ET domain bound to a conserved peptide sequence from the C terminus of murine leukemia virus (MLV) IN. The complex reveals a protein–protein interaction governed by the binding-coupled folding of disordered regions in both interacting partners to form a well-structured intermolecular three-stranded β sheet. In addition, we show that a peptide comprising the ET binding motif (EBM) of MLV IN can disrupt the cognate interaction of Brd4 with NSD3, and that substitutions of Brd4 ET residues essential for binding MLV IN also impair interaction of Brd4 with a number of cellular partners involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. This suggests that γ-retroviruses have evolved the EBM to mimic a cognate interaction motif to achieve effective integration in host chromatin. Collectively, our findings identify key structural features of the ET domain of Brd4 that allow for interactions with both cellular and viral proteins.

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Russo, Marco, Daniele La Corte, Annalisa Pisciotta, Serena Riela, Rosa Alduina, and Paolo Lo Meo. "Binding abilities of polyaminocyclodextrins: polarimetric investigations and biological assays." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (December 18, 2017): 2751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.271.

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Three polyaminocyclodextrin materials, obtained by direct reaction between heptakis(6-deoxy-6-iodo)-β-cyclodextrin and the proper linear polyamines, were investigated for their binding properties, in order to assess their potential applications in biological systems, such as vectors for simultaneous drug and gene cellular uptake or alternatively for the protection of macromolecules. In particular, we exploited polarimetry to test their interaction with some model p-nitroaniline derivatives, chosen as probe guests. The data obtained indicate that binding inside the host cavity is mainly affected by interplay between Coulomb interactions and conformational restraints. Moreover, simultaneous interaction of the cationic polyamine pendant bush at the primary rim was positively assessed. Insights on quantitative aspects of the interaction between our materials and polyanions were investigated by studying the binding with sodium alginate. Finally, the complexation abilities of the same materials towards polynucleotides were assessed by studying their interaction with the model plasmid pUC19. Our results positively highlight the ability of our materials to exploit both the cavity and the polycationic branches, thus functioning as bimodal ligands.

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Lin, Chien-Yu, Lih-Jen Kau, and Ching-Yao Chan. "Bimodal Extended Kalman Filter-Based Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction." Sensors 22, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 8231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218231.

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We propose a pedestrian trajectory prediction algorithm based on the bimodal extended Kalman filter. With this filter, we are able to make full use of the dual-state nature of the pedestrian movement, i.e., the pedestrian is either moving or remains stationary. We apply the dual-mode probability model to describe the state of the pedestrian. Based on this model, we construct the proposed bimodal extended Kalman filter to estimate pedestrian state distribution. The filter obtains the state distribution for each pedestrian in the scene, respectively, and use that state distribution to predict the future trajectories of all the people in the scene. This prediction method estimates the prior probability of each parameter of the model through the dataset and updates the individual posterior probability of the pedestrian state through the bimodal extended Kalman filter. Our model can predict the trajectory of every individual, by taking the social interaction of pedestrians as well as the surrounding physical obstacles into account, with less than fifty model parameters being used, while with the limited parameter, our model could be nearly accurate as other deep learning models and still be comprehensible for model users.

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Boutilier, Robert G. "Control of arrhythmic breathing in bimodal breathers: Amphibia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-002.

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Amphibians employ a system of gas exchange whereby various combinations of the lungs, gills, and skin are used to exploit gas exchanges in both air and water (bimodal breathing). Continuous lung ventilation is rarely observed in these animals. Instead, the dominant breath pattern is arrhythmic in nature and is believed to have evolved in response to a periodic need to supplement aquatic gas exchange. Such a need is largely dependent on the activity state of the animal concerned and its capacity for aquatic gas exchange. The overall control system appears to be one that turns lung ventilation on and off by trigger signals arising from chemo- and mechano-sensitive receptors responding to changing conditions during periods of breath holding and breathing. In amphibians in which the aquatic exchanger is a major avenue for CO2 elimination, [Formula: see text] levels in the lungs and blood do not change substantially in the latter stages of a breath hold. Under these conditions falling levels of oxygen may be the primary stimulus to terminate the breath hold and initiate breathing. There is, however, some interaction between the two gases since elevated CO2 levels affect the sensitivity of the predominantly O2-mediated response. Another major component in determining air-breathing patterns in these animals is their ability to delay the onset of breathing when certain behavioural activities take precedence over the need for additional gas exchange.

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Siddall, Emma C., and Nicola M. Marples. "Better to be bimodal: the interaction of color and odor on learning and memory." Behavioral Ecology 19, no. 2 (January 22, 2008): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm155.

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Kaynak, Mustafa N., Qi Zhi, Adrian David Cheok, Kuntal Sengupta, Zhang Jian, and Ko Chi Chung. "Lip geometric features for human–computer interaction using bimodal speech recognition: comparison and analysis." Speech Communication 43, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2004.01.003.

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Pollick, Frank, Scott Love, and Marianne Latinus. "Cerebral Correlates and Statistical Criteria of Cross-Modal Face and Voice Integration." Seeing and Perceiving 24, no. 4 (2011): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847511x584452.

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AbstractPerception of faces and voices plays a prominent role in human social interaction, making multisensory integration of cross-modal speech a topic of great interest in cognitive neuroscience. How to define potential sites of multisensory integration using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is currently under debate, with three statistical criteria frequently used (e.g., super-additive, max and mean criteria). In the present fMRI study, 20 participants were scanned in a block design under three stimulus conditions: dynamic unimodal face, unimodal voice and bimodal face–voice. Using this single dataset, we examine all these statistical criteria in an attempt to define loci of face–voice integration. While the super-additive and mean criteria essentially revealed regions in which one of the unimodal responses was a deactivation, the max criterion appeared stringent and only highlighted the left hippocampus as a potential site of face– voice integration. Psychophysiological interaction analysis showed that connectivity between occipital and temporal cortices increased during bimodal compared to unimodal conditions. We concluded that, when investigating multisensory integration with fMRI, all these criteria should be used in conjunction with manipulation of stimulus signal-to-noise ratio and/or cross-modal congruency.

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Föcker, Julia, and Brigitte Röder. "Event-Related Potentials Reveal Evidence for Late Integration of Emotional Prosody and Facial Expression in Dynamic Stimuli: An ERP Study." Multisensory Research 32, no. 6 (2019): 473–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191332.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to test whether multisensory interactions of emotional signals are modulated by intermodal attention and emotional valence. Faces, voices and bimodal emotionally congruent or incongruent face–voice pairs were randomly presented. The EEG was recorded while participants were instructed to detect sad emotional expressions in either faces or voices while ignoring all stimuli with another emotional expression and sad stimuli of the task irrelevant modality. Participants processed congruent sad face–voice pairs more efficiently than sad stimuli paired with an incongruent emotion and performance was higher in congruent bimodal compared to unimodal trials, irrespective of which modality was task-relevant. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to congruent emotional face–voice pairs started to differ from ERPs to incongruent emotional face–voice pairs at 180 ms after stimulus onset: Irrespectively of which modality was task-relevant, ERPs revealed a more pronounced positivity (180 ms post-stimulus) to emotionally congruent trials compared to emotionally incongruent trials if the angry emotion was presented in the attended modality. A larger negativity to incongruent compared to congruent trials was observed in the time range of 400–550 ms (N400) for all emotions (happy, neutral, angry), irrespectively of whether faces or voices were task relevant. These results suggest an automatic interaction of emotion related information.

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de Riese, Tamara, Paul D. Bons, Enrique Gomez-Rivas, and Till Sachau. "Interaction between Crustal-Scale Darcy and Hydrofracture Fluid Transport: A Numerical Study." Geofluids 2020 (November 5, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8891801.

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Crustal-scale fluid flow can be regarded as a bimodal transport mechanism. At low hydraulic head gradients, fluid flow through rock porosity is slow and can be described as diffusional. Structures such as hydraulic breccias and hydrothermal veins both form when fluid velocities and pressures are high, which can be achieved by localized fluid transport in space and time, via hydrofractures. Hydrofracture propagation and simultaneous fluid flow can be regarded as a “ballistic” transport mechanism, which is activated when transport by diffusion alone is insufficient to release the local fluid overpressure. The activation of a ballistic system locally reduces the driving force, through allowing the escape of fluid. We use a numerical model to investigate the properties of the two transport modes in general and the transition between them in particular. We developed a numerical model in order to study patterns that result from bimodal transport. When hydrofractures are activated due to low permeability relative to fluid flux, many hydrofractures form that do not extend through the whole system. These abundant hydrofractures follow a power-law size distribution. A Hurst factor of ~0.9 indicates that the system self-organizes. The abundant small-scale hydrofractures organize the formation of large-scale hydrofractures that ascend through the whole system and drain fluids in large bursts. As the relative contribution of porous flow increases, escaping fluid bursts become less frequent, but more regular in time and larger in volume. We propose that metamorphic rocks with abundant veins, such as in the Kodiak accretionary prism (Alaska) and Otago schists (New Zealand), represent regions with abundant hydrofractures near the fluid source, while hydrothermal breccias are formed by the large fluid bursts that can ascend the crust to shallower levels.

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ABDEL-ATY, MAHMOUD, A. S. F. OBADA, and M. SEBAWE ABDALLA. "QUANTUM TREATMENT OF A TIME DEPENDENT SINGLE-TRAPPED ION INTERACTING WITH A BIMODAL CAVITY FIELD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2003): 5925–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203023628.

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In the present communication we consider a time dependent ion-field interaction. Here we discuss the interaction between a single trapped ion and two fields taking into account the coupling parameter to be time dependent and allowing for amplitude modulation of the laser field radiating the trapped ion. At exact resonances the analytic solution for the Heisenberg equations of motion is obtained. We examine the effect of the velocity and the acceleration on the Rabi oscillations by studying the second order correlation function. The phenomenon of squeezing for single and two fields cases is considered. The cross correlation between the fields is discussed.

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Lowman, Nicholas K., M. A. Hoefer, and G. A. El. "Interactions of large amplitude solitary waves in viscous fluid conduits." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 750 (June 11, 2014): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.273.

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AbstractThe free interface separating an exterior, viscous fluid from an intrusive conduit of buoyant, less viscous fluid is known to support strongly nonlinear solitary waves due to a balance between viscosity-induced dispersion and buoyancy-induced nonlinearity. The overtaking, pairwise interaction of weakly nonlinear solitary waves has been classified theoretically for the Korteweg–de Vries equation and experimentally in the context of shallow water waves, but a theoretical and experimental classification of strongly nonlinear solitary wave interactions is lacking. The interactions of large amplitude solitary waves in viscous fluid conduits, a model physical system for the study of one-dimensional, truly dissipationless, dispersive nonlinear waves, are classified. Using a combined numerical and experimental approach, three classes of nonlinear interaction behaviour are identified: purely bimodal, purely unimodal, and a mixed type. The magnitude of the dispersive radiation due to solitary wave interactions is quantified numerically and observed to be beyond the sensitivity of our experiments, suggesting that conduit solitary waves behave as ‘physical solitons’. Experimental data are shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of the reduced model. Experimental movies are available with the online version of the paper.

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Hecht, David, Miriam Reiner, and Gad Halevy. "Multimodal Virtual Environments: Response Times, Attention, and Presence." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.5.515.

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Multimodal virtual environments (VE) succeed better than single-sensory technologies in creating a sense of presence. We hypothesize that the underlying cognitive mechanism is related to a faster mental processing of multimodal events. Comparing simple detection times of unimodal (auditory, visual, and haptic) events, with bimodal and trimodal combinations, we show that mental processing times are in the following order: unimodal > bimodal > trimodal. Given this processing-speed advantage, multimodal VE users start their cognitive process faster, thus, in a similar exposure time they can pay attention to more informative cues and subtle details in the environment and integrate them creatively. This richer, more complete and coherent experience may contribute to an enhanced sense of presence.

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Kravtsov, S., A. W. Robertson, and M. Ghil. "Bimodal Behavior in the Zonal Mean Flow of a Baroclinic β-Channel Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1746–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3443.1.

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Abstract The dynamical origin of midlatitude zonal-jet variability is examined in a thermally forced, quasigeostrophic, two-layer channel model on a β plane. The model’s behavior is studied as a function of the bottom-friction strength. Two distinct zonal-flow states exist at realistic, low, and intermediate values of the bottom drag; these two states are maintained by the eddies and differ mainly in terms of the meridional position of their climatological jets. The system’s low-frequency evolution is characterized by irregular transitions between the two states. For a given branch of model solutions, the leading stationary and propagating empirical orthogonal functions are related to eigenmodes of the model’s dynamical operator, linearized about the climatological state on this branch. Nonlinear interactions between these modes are instrumental in determining their relative energy level. In particular, the stationary modes’ self-interaction is shown to vanish. Thus, these modes do not exchange energy with the mean flow and, consequently, dominate the lowest-frequency behavior in the model. The leading stationary mode resembles the observed annular mode in the Southern Hemisphere. The bimodality is due to nonlinear interactions between nearly equivalent barotropic, stationary, and propagating modes, while the synoptic eddies play a modest role in determining the relative persistence of the two states. The role of synoptic eddies is very substantial only at unrealistically high values of the bottom drag, where they give rise to ultralow frequency variability by modifying the jet in a way that reinforces generation of the eddy field. This type of behavior is related to the presence of a homoclinic orbit in the model’s phase space and is not apparent for more realistic, lower values of the bottom drag.

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Anderson, William F., Anne S. Reiner, Rayna K. Matsuno, and Ruth M. Pfeiffer. "Shifting Breast Cancer Trends in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 25 (September 1, 2007): 3923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.11.6079.

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Purpose United States breast cancer incidence rates declined during the years 1999 to 2003, and then reached a plateau. These recent trends are impressive and may indicate an end to decades of increasing incidence. Methods To put emerging incidence trends into a broader context, we examined age incidence patterns (frequency and rates) during five decades. We used age density plots, two-component mixture models, and age-period-cohort (APC) models to analyze changes in the United States breast cancer population over time. Results The National Cancer Institute's Connecticut Historical Database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program collected 600,000+ in situ and invasive female breast cancers during the years 1950 to 2003. Before widespread screening mammography in the early 1980s, breast cancer age-at-onset distributions were bimodal, with dominant peak frequency (or mode) near age 50 years and smaller mode near age 70 years. With widespread screening mammography, bimodal age distributions shifted to predominant older ages at diagnosis. From 2000 to 2003, the bimodal age distribution returned to dominant younger ages at onset, similar to patterns before mammography screening. APC models confirmed statistically significant calendar-period (screening) effects before and after 1983 to 1987. Conclusion Breast cancer in the general United States population has a bimodal age at onset distribution, with modal ages near 50 and 70 years. Amid a background of previously increasing and recently decreasing incidence rates, breast cancer populations shifted from younger to older ages at diagnosis, and then back again. These dynamic fluctuations between early-onset and late-onset breast cancer types probably reflect a complex interaction between age-related biologic, risk factor, and screening phenomena.

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Abdalla, M. Sebawe, Jaromír Křepelka, and Jan Peřina. "Effect of Kerr-like medium on a two-level atom in interaction with bimodal oscillators." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39, no. 7 (March 8, 2006): 1563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/7/001.

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Kedzierska, B., L. Y. Lian, and F. Hayes. "Toxin-antitoxin regulation: bimodal interaction of YefM-YoeB with paired DNA palindromes exerts transcriptional autorepression." Nucleic Acids Research 35, no. 1 (December 7, 2006): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl1028.

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Wong, Chi-Wai, and Martin L. Privalsky. "Transcriptional Silencing Is Defined by Isoform- and Heterodimer-Specific Interactions between Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Corepressors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 5724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.10.5724.

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ABSTRACT Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-regulated transcription factors that play critical roles in metazoan homeostasis, development, and reproduction. Many nuclear hormone receptors exhibit bimodal transcriptional properties and can either repress or activate the expression of a given target gene. Repression appears to require a physical interaction between a receptor and a corepressor complex containing the SMRT/TRAC or N-CoR/RIP13 polypeptides. We wished to better elucidate the rules governing the association of receptors with corepressors. We report here that different receptors interact with different domains in the SMRT and N-CoR corepressors and that these divergent interactions may therefore contribute to distinct repression phenotypes. Intriguingly, different isoforms of a single nuclear hormone receptor class also differ markedly in their interactions with corepressors, indicative of their nonidentical actions in cellular regulation. Finally, we present evidence that combinatorial interactions between different receptors can, through the formation of heterodimeric receptors, result in novel receptor-corepressor interactions not observed for homomeric receptors.

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Ke, Xianxin, Bin Cao, Jiaojiao Bai, Wenzhen Zhang, and Yujiao Zhu. "An interactive system for humanoid robot SHFR-III." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 172988142091378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420913787.

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The natural interaction between human and robot is full of challenges but indispensable. In this article, a human–robot interactive system is designed for humanoid robot SHFR-III. The system consists of three subsystems: multi-sensor positioning subsystem, emotional interaction subsystem, and dialogue subsystem. The multi-sensor positioning subsystem is designed to improve the positioning accuracy, the emotional interaction subsystem uses bimodal emotional recognition model and fuzzy emotional decision-making model to realize the emotion recognition and expression feedback to the interactive objects, and the dialogue subsystem with personal information can complete the response consistent with the default information and avoid conflicting responses .The experimental results show that the multi-sensor positioning subsystem has good environmental adaptability and positioning accuracy, the emotional interaction subsystem can achieve human-like emotional feedback, and the dialogue subsystem can achieve more natural, logical, and consistent responses.

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Mankbadi, Reda R., Benjamin J. Malczewski, and Vladimir V. Golubev. "Coherent fundamental-harmonic interactions in a compressible shear layer via integral nonlinear instability approach." AIP Advances 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090544.

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A physics-based integral approach is adopted here to develop a theory for studying bi-modal excitation of the shear layer of a Mach 1.5 planar jet. The transverse shapes of the mean flow quantities are given by analytical functions modeling the corresponding jet experiment and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solution. The transverse shapes of the frequency modes of the coherent large-scale structure are obtained as the eigenfunctions of the locally parallel linear stability theory. The Navier–Stokes equations are then reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations. The solution of this set, subject to the initial conditions, describes the nonlinear interaction among the excited frequency modes, as well as their interaction with the mean flow and the background turbulence. Our analysis shows that the time-averaged interaction among the modes is non-zero only if the two frequency modes are related to each other by the fundamental-harmonic frequency. We label the fundamental mode here, “f,” as the most amplified mode developing nonlinearly along the jet in the absence of other imposed modes. We then use the resulting theory to study the effect of bimodal excitation by harmonically related pairs (f, f/2) or (f, 2f) to see under which conditions this bimodal excitation can suppress the fundamental. We found that the combination of fundamental and harmonic (f, 2f) can effectively reduce the fundamental at an optimized phase lag. By viewing the fundamental as the most dominant sound source in the jet, it is, thus, possible to reduce the jet noise via bi-modal excitation.

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Mankbadi, Reda R., Benjamin J. Malczewski, and Vladimir V. Golubev. "Coherent fundamental-harmonic interactions in a compressible shear layer via integral nonlinear instability approach." AIP Advances 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090544.

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A physics-based integral approach is adopted here to develop a theory for studying bi-modal excitation of the shear layer of a Mach 1.5 planar jet. The transverse shapes of the mean flow quantities are given by analytical functions modeling the corresponding jet experiment and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solution. The transverse shapes of the frequency modes of the coherent large-scale structure are obtained as the eigenfunctions of the locally parallel linear stability theory. The Navier–Stokes equations are then reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations. The solution of this set, subject to the initial conditions, describes the nonlinear interaction among the excited frequency modes, as well as their interaction with the mean flow and the background turbulence. Our analysis shows that the time-averaged interaction among the modes is non-zero only if the two frequency modes are related to each other by the fundamental-harmonic frequency. We label the fundamental mode here, “f,” as the most amplified mode developing nonlinearly along the jet in the absence of other imposed modes. We then use the resulting theory to study the effect of bimodal excitation by harmonically related pairs (f, f/2) or (f, 2f) to see under which conditions this bimodal excitation can suppress the fundamental. We found that the combination of fundamental and harmonic (f, 2f) can effectively reduce the fundamental at an optimized phase lag. By viewing the fundamental as the most dominant sound source in the jet, it is, thus, possible to reduce the jet noise via bi-modal excitation.

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Prabha, Thara V., A. Khain, R. S. Maheshkumar, G. Pandithurai, J. R. Kulkarni, M. Konwar, and B. N. Goswami. "Microphysics of Premonsoon and Monsoon Clouds as Seen from In Situ Measurements during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX)." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1882–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jas3707.1.

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Abstract Analysis of the microphysical structure of deep convective clouds using in situ measurements during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) over the Indian peninsular region is presented. It is shown that droplet size distributions (DSDs) in highly polluted premonsoon clouds are substantially narrower than DSDs in less polluted monsoon clouds. High values of DSD dispersion (0.3–0.6) and its vertical variation in the transient and monsoon clouds are related largely to the existence of small cloud droplets with diameters less than 10 μm, which were found at nearly all levels. This finding indicates the existence of a continuous generation of the smallest droplets at different heights. In some cases this generation of small droplets leads to the formation of bimodal and even multimodal DSDs. The formation of bimodal DSDs is especially pronounced in monsoon clouds. Observational evidence is presented to suggest that in-cloud nucleation at elevated layers is a fundamental mechanism for producing multimodal drop size distribution in monsoon clouds as well as in most deep convective clouds. These findings indicate that inclusion of continued nucleation away from the cloud base into numerical models should be considered to predict microphysics and precipitation of clouds in monsoons and other cloud-related phenomena.

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Lynch, Michael, and Kyle Hagner. "Evolutionary meandering of intermolecular interactions along the drift barrier." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): E30—E38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421641112.

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Many cellular functions depend on highly specific intermolecular interactions, for example transcription factors and their DNA binding sites, microRNAs and their RNA binding sites, the interfaces between heterodimeric protein molecules, the stems in RNA molecules, and kinases and their response regulators in signal-transduction systems. Despite the need for complementarity between interacting partners, such pairwise systems seem to be capable of high levels of evolutionary divergence, even when subject to strong selection. Such behavior is a consequence of the diminishing advantages of increasing binding affinity between partners, the multiplicity of evolutionary pathways between selectively equivalent alternatives, and the stochastic nature of evolutionary processes. Because mutation pressure toward reduced affinity conflicts with selective pressure for greater interaction, situations can arise in which the expected distribution of the degree of matching between interacting partners is bimodal, even in the face of constant selection. Although biomolecules with larger numbers of interacting partners are subject to increased levels of evolutionary conservation, their more numerous partners need not converge on a single sequence motif or be increasingly constrained in more complex systems. These results suggest that most phylogenetic differences in the sequences of binding interfaces are not the result of adaptive fine tuning but a simple consequence of random genetic drift.

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Podolak, Marian, Dariusz Man, Stanislaw Waga, and Stanislaw Przestalski. "Bimodal Effect of Amphiphilic Biocide Concentrations on Fluidity of Lipid Membranes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1996): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-11-1214.

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Abstract Using the spin label method (ESR) it has been shown that biologically active, amphiphilic compounds (quaternary ammonium salts -AS) containing polar heads with single and double positive charge caused, at low concentrations, decrease fluidity of liposome membranes formed with egg yolk lecithin (EYL). At higher concentrations an increase in fluidity was observed. With compounds having a single positive charge minimum fluidity of membrane structure occurs in the range of 1 to 3%, with compounds containing double positive charge -in the range of 4 -6 % . That effect does not depend on polar head size and length of alkyl chains of the AS used. Analysis of the electrostatic interaction between positive charges and dipole system suggest that at low ion concentrations the binding energy of the system increases, while it decreases at high concentrations. For the model presented, maximum of binding energy of the system occurs at 3% of positive monovalent ions and at 6% of positive divalent ions admixed.

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Yilmaz, Cagri, Ramazan Sahin, and Eyup Sabri Topal. "Theoretical study on the sensitivity of dynamic acoustic force measurement through monomodal and bimodal excitations of rectangular micro-cantilever." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 045035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac3a55.

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Abstract We present a detailed analysis on measurement sensitivity of dynamic acoustic forces via numerical simulation of the micro-cantilever responses. The rectangular micro-cantilever is regarded as a point mass in the dynamic model of forced and damped harmonic oscillator. We use single- and bimodal-frequency excitation schemes for actuation of the micro-cantilever in the presence of dynamic acoustic forces. In bimodal-frequency excitation scheme, the micro-cantilever is excited at its first two eigenmode frequencies simultaneously as opposed to single-frequency excitation. First, we numerically obtain micro-cantilever deflections by solving the equations of Motions (EOMs) constructed for the first two eigenmodes. Then, we determine oscillation amplitude and phase shift as a function of acoustic force strength within different frequency regions. Moreover, we relate amplitude and phase shift to virial and energy dissipation in order to explore the interaction between flexural modes in multifrequency excitation. The simulation results point out that bimodal-frequency excitation improves the measurement sensitivity of dynamic acoustic forces at particular frequencies. Herein, simultaneous application of driving forces enables higher sensitivities of observables and energy quantities as acoustic force frequencies become around the eigenmode frequencies. For our case, we obtain the highest phase shift (∼178°) for the acoustic force strength of 100 pN at the frequency of around 307.2 kHz. Therefore, this method can be easily adapted to improve measurement sensitivity of dynamic acoustic forces in a wider frequency window.

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Zeng, Shang Hong, Ning Ding, Tian Jia Chen, Shi Yong Yu, Feng Hua Bai, and Hai Quan Su. "Co/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ Catalysts with Bimodal Pore Distribution for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2586.

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The Co/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, and characterized via quantitative XRD, H2-TPR, and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The study showed that the addition of ZrO2 increased the interaction between active component and support, decreased the average crystallite size of Co3O4 and improved its dispersion. The performance tests presented that the Co/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts with bimodal pore distribution had high CO conversion and were more selective towards the gasoline fraction (C5-C10) and diesel fraction (C11-C18).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bimodal Interaction'

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