Academic literature on the topic 'Billfish'
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Journal articles on the topic "Billfish"
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Setyadji, Bram, Jumariadi Jumariadi, and Budi Nugraha. "CATCH ESTIMATION AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BILLFISHES LANDED IN PORT OF BENOA, BALI." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.18.1.2012.35-40.
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Billfishes are generally considered as by-product in tuna long line fisheries that have high economic value in the market. By far, the information about Indian Ocean billfish biology and fisheries especially in Indonesia is very limited. This research aimed to elucidate the estimation of production and size distribution of billfishes landed in port of Benoa during 2010 (February – December) through daily observation at the processing plants. The result showed that the landings dominated by Swordfish (<em>Xiphias gladius</em>) 54.9%, Blue marlin (<em>Makaira mazara</em>) 17.8% and Black marlin (<em>Makaira indica</em>) 13.0% respectively, followed by small amount of striped marlin (<em>Tetrapturus audax</em>), sailfish (<em>Istiophorus platypterus</em>), and shortbil spearfish (<em>Tetrapturus Angustirostris</em>). Generally the individual size of billfishes range between 68 and 206 cm (PFL), and showing negative allometric pattern except on swordfish that was isometric. Most of the billfish landed haven’t reached their first sexual maturity.
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Dalziel, Anne C., Shannon E. Moore, and Christopher D. Moyes. "Mitochondrial enzyme content in the muscles of high-performance fish: evolution and variation among fiber types." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 1 (January 2005): R163—R172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2004.
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Muscle mitochondrial content varies widely among fiber types and species. We investigated the origins of variation in the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase (CS), an index of mitochondrial abundance, among fiber types and species of high-performance fish (tunas and billfishes). CS activities varied up to 30-fold among muscles: lowest in billfish white muscle and highest in billfish heater organ. Among species, CS activities of red, white, and cardiac muscles of three tuna species were twofold greater than the homologous muscles of two billfish species. Because comparisons of CS amino acid sequences deduced from a combination of PCR methods argue against clade-specific differences in catalytic properties, CS activity reflects CS content among these five species. To assess the bases of these differences in CS activity, we looked at the relationship between CS activity (U/g muscle), nuclear content (DNA/g muscle), and CS transcript levels (CS mRNA/g RNA). Muscle CS activity differed by 10- to 30-fold when expressed per gram of muscle but only threefold when expressed per milligram of DNA. Thus it is nuclear DNA content, not fiber-type differences, in CS gene expression that may be the main determinant of CS activity in muscle. Conversely, evolutionary (tunas vs. billfishes) differences in CS arise from differences in posttranscriptional regulation, based on relationships between CS enzyme levels and CS mRNA assessed by quantitative competitive RT-PCR. These data argue that fiber-type differences can arise without major differences in fiber-type-specific regulation of the CS gene, whereas evolutionary differences may be largely due to posttranscriptional regulation.
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Holland, Kim N. "A perspective on billfish biological research and recommendations for the future." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02072.
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A review of papers published on billfish biological research since the 1988 Billfish Symposium highlights the important role these symposia play in disseminating billfish research results and also shows that progress since 1988 has been slow, especially when compared with tuna and other pelagic fishes. One reason for the disparity is that marlin have not yet been successfully held in captivity. Progress has been made in elucidating the trophic biology of billfish and these data are helping to build models of pelagic ecosystem dynamics. The deployment of several types of electronic tags has expedited advances in understanding the short-term movements and depth distribution of billfish, but long-term tracks remain elusive. In part, this may be because insufficient effort has been directed at developing methods for restraining marlin for tag attachment or implantation. Light-based geolocation techniques show great promise for elucidating billfish movements, but appropriate scientific rigour must be applied to the publication of these data. Several suggestions for advancing billfish research are presented.
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Pine III, William E., Steven J. D. Martell, Olaf P. Jensen, Carl J. Walters, and James F. Kitchell. "Catch-and-release and size limit regulations for blue, white, and striped marlin: the role of postrelease survival in effective policy design." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-020.
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Catch-and-release fishing as a management and conservation tool for billfish (family Istiophoridae) is practiced in many recreational fisheries, and mandatory release of billfish has been implemented for some commercial fisheries. Inherent in these approaches is the observation that survival of released fish is greater than those that are landed. Recent studies using pop-up satellite tags have begun to quantify postrelease survival rates for billfish, yet the efficacy of management measures that require some or all billfish to be released have not been evaluated. Using an age- and size-structured population model that accounts for individual variability in growth, we simulated the effects of postrelease mortality on yield, risk of recruitment overfishing, efficiency (i.e., ratio of harvest to postrelease mortality), and probability of catching trophy-sized individuals for three marlin species. Regulations such as size limits, catch-and-release, and mandatory release are likely to provide some benefit to billfish populations, but our results show that the effectiveness of these strategies is reduced when release survival is less than 100%. The management approaches most likely to benefit billfish populations are ones that focus on maximizing postrelease survival in the recreational fishery and minimize the billfish catch in commercial fisheries.
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Uozumi, Yuji. "Historical perspective of global billfish stock assessment." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01251.
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In spite of the substantial increase in information on billfish over the last decade, especially in the landing and catch per unit effort data, statistics for some of the commercial and recreational fisheries, basic biological information on billfish such as on growth, maturation, catch at age, and sex ratio by size, is still insufficient for the application of more data-demanding models. A family of production models is still the major tool for the stock assessment of billfish. Although there are significant increases in information on catch per unit effort, it is still hard to obtain solutions from these models in many cases without putting subjective constrains on the model parameters. In addition to the uncertainty in catch information, major uncertainty in the results of stock assessments comes from the difficulties in the realistic estimation of effective fishing effort for each fishery harvesting billfish. Those difficulties arise mainly from operational changes in the fishing and partial coverage of geographical distribution of billfish by the fisheries. It is very hard to overcome these problems only by improvement of the fishery-dependent statistics. Additional information on habitat preferences of billfish and the vertical distribution of longline gears, facilitated by the newly developed equipment such as pop-up archival tags and small time-depth recorders, is very useful to evaluate gear efficiency and stock availability to fishing gear. The assessment of billfish will be improved by the habitat-based standardization models utilizing these additional data..
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Ditton, Robert B., and John R. Stoll. "Social and economic perspective on recreational billfish fisheries." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01279.
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At the Second International Billfish Symposium in Kona, it was reported that little was known about the social and economic aspects of recreational billfish fisheries. There was plenty of background, some good questions, but few answers. There had been little history of social science involvement in fisheries management at the time and even less in billfish fisheries. Whether authorized or not, fishery management decisions worldwide are going to be made on the basis of ‘best available’ social and economic understanding. Unfortunately, the values held by many in the billfish angler community are not likelyto be well represented in the mix for various reasons. Research in the USA and in Latin America over the past 13 years hasprovided an understanding of the billfish angler constituency, its commitment to catch and release and support for resource conservation, its local and regional impacts on tourism economies, and its willingness-to-pay above andbeyond trip costs (a measure of user value) in the US Atlantic, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica and Mexico Pacific. Although knowledge of the recreational billfish fishery has improved, comparatively little is known about the social and economic benefits associatedwith commercial (direct and bycatch) billfish fisheries. With little more than dockside prices available in many localities, it is difficult to know their value in comparison with recreational fisheries and the possible trade-offs associated with various management measures. In addition to describing what is still not known, this paper will identify a future research agenda in this area.
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Fritsches, Kerstin A., Julian C. Partridge, John D. Pettigrew, and N. Justin Marshall. "Colour vision in billfish." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (September 29, 2000): 1253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0678.
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Members of the billfish family are highly visual predatory teleosts inhabiting the open ocean. Little is known about their visual abilities in detail, but past studies have indicated that these fishes were likely to be monochromats. This study, however, presents evidence of two anatomically distinct cone types in billfish. The cells are arranged in a regular mosaic pattern of single and twin cones as in many fishes, and this arrangement suggests that the different cone types also show different spectral sensitivity, which is the basis for colour vision. First measurements using microspectrophotometry (MSP) revealed a peak absorption of the rod pigment at 484 nm, indicating that MSP, despite technical difficulties, will be a decisive tool in proving colour vision in these offshore fishes. When hunting, billfish such as the sailfish flash bright blue bars on their sides. This colour reflects largely in ultraviolet (UV) light at 350 nm as revealed by spectrophotometric measurements. Billfish lenses block light of wavelengths below 400 nm, presumably rendering the animal blind to the UV component of its own body colour. Interestingly, at least two prey species of billfish have lenses transmitting light in the UV waveband and are therefore likely to perceive a large fraction of the UV peak found in the blue bar of the sailfish. The possible biological significance of this finding is discussed.
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Rick, Torben, Virginia L. Harvey, and Michael Buckley. "Collagen fingerprinting and the Chumash billfish fishery, Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 6639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00930-4.
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AbstractBillfish from the families Xiphiidae (swordfish) and Istiophoridae (marlins and sailfish) are large, often pelagic fishes that are highly migratory. Although some billfish have been the target of global commercial and sport fisheries for decades, prehistoric billfish foraging is relatively rare, but includes systematic swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and/or striped marlin (Kajikia audax) exploitation in the Santa Barbara Channel region of California, the Gulf of Maine, and the northern coast of Chile. While whole vertebrae, rostra, and other elements can often be identified to species, fragments of these, or other non-diagnostic elements such as fin ray spines, as well as modified bones, are difficult to determine to species-level beyond general identification as billfish or “large fish.” We performed collagen fingerprinting on modern (n = 17) and archaeological (n = 30) billfish and large tuna (Scombridae) remains from museum collections and Chumash archaeological sites in California’s Santa Barbara Channel region to test this method for determining the species of fragmentary remains. These data demonstrate that collagen fingerprinting can distinguish between the families Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae, and Scombridae, although distinguishing between species within Istiophoridae needs additional research. All but one of our archaeological specimens are from swordfish, with just one striped marlin, suggesting that the Chumash were likely encountering or targeting swordfish more frequently than other billfish species. Our study demonstrates that collagen fingerprinting is an important technique for documenting ancient billfish and other fisheries around the world.
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Pepperell, Julian G. "Foreword to 'Billfish Special Issue'." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mfv54n4_fo.
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Musyl, Michael K., Christopher D. Moyes, Richard W. Brill, Bruno L. Mourato, Andrew West, Lianne M. McNaughton, Wei-Chuan Chiang, and Chi-Lu Sun. "Postrelease mortality in istiophorid billfish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 4 (April 2015): 538–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0323.
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Meta-analysis (inverse-variance, random-effects model) involving 46 studies was used to estimate the effect size of postrelease mortality (Fr) in six istiophorid billfish species (black marlin (Istiompax indica), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), longbill spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri), sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), striped marlin (Kajikia audax), and white marlin (Kajikia albida)) following release from recreational, longline, and harpoon fishing gears. The studies involved 400 reporting pop-up satellite archival tags and 64 reporting acoustic (ultrasonic) tags. Despite fish being captured, tagged, and released under widely disparate conditions, locations, and gear types, Fr was homogeneous among species. Variability in Fr was principally due to random sampling error within studies with no evident patterns. Fifteen studies (33% of tags) indicated no mortality, and the overall summary effect size for Fr was 13.5% (95% CI: 10.3%–17.6%). Since the random-effects model decomposed to a fixed-effect model when the between-studies variance T2 = 0.00, results were confirmed using exact nonparametric inferential tests and sensitivity analyses. Our results support earlier findings in the Atlantic and substantiate the majority of istiophorid billfish survive when released from recreational and longline fishing gear, clearly implying catch-and-release as a viable management option that permits fishing activity while protecting parental biomass and the fishery.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Billfish"
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Morgan, Lee W. "Allozyme Analysis of Billfish Population Structure." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617645.
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Brinson, Ayeisha Alba. "Incorporating Recreational and Artisanal Fishing Fleets in Atlantic Billfish Management." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/178.
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Atlantic billfish include sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Kajikia albida, formerly Tetrapturus albidus) and the spearfishes (Tetrapturus); these fishes are found in tropical and subtropical waters. The spearfishes include the longbill spearfish (T. pfluegeri), the Mediterranean spearfish (T. belone) and the roundscale spearfish (T. georgii). The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) is the regional fishery management organization that conducts research to determine the condition of tuna and billfish resources and supports international cooperative management. ICCAT has determined that blue marlin and white marlin are overfished; the status of sailfish and spearfish are unknown, but overfishing is thought to be occurring. Management of these resources is complicated by uncertainty in the biological models, but uncertainty about the fishers who target these resources. This dissertation studied artisanal fishing fleets that target Atlantic billfish in Venezuela and Ghana, as well as studied recreational charter boat fishing fleets in South Florida and Senegal. The information from these fleets was used to develop performance indicators that evaluate the socioeconomic performance of these fleets. An allocation model was developed to determine the optimal allocation of billfish resources among recreational and artisanal fishers in Ghana, West Africa. Finally, the issues and challenges of managing Atlantic billfish were identified as well as a possible future framework. Results indicate that performance indicators can be used to contrast fleets with different operational objectives. Fishers do produce positive fishing profits in both artisanal and recreational fleets; however, Senegalese recreational anglers are particularly sensitive to fuel costs. Results of the allocation model suggest that the artisanal sector should be allocated 95% of the quota in Ghana. There is the possibility to over-allocate quota to the recreational sector due to methodological differences in determining benefit f and the practice of catch-and-release. ICCAT's limited purview over socioeconomics was identified as the major impediment to effective billfish management. Therefore, it is recommended that the institutional structure for billfish management be modified to include socioeconomic issues, most especially strengthening the link to local institutions in fishing communities.
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Richardson, David Earl. "Physical and Biological Characteristics of Billfish Spawning Habitat in the Straits of Florida." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/26.
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The objective of this dissertation was to examine sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) spawning in the Straits of Florida, with a specific focus on 1) the physical and biological characteristics of the spawning environment, and 2) the role of the region within the broader spawning patterns of these two species. In order to accomplish these objectives, two years of monthly ichthyoplankton collections and physical measurements across the Straits of Florida were combined with a finer-scale Lagrangian study. Additionally, a molecular species-identification methodology was developed that was both high-throughput and suitable for use with a broad taxonomic range of species. An initial analysis considered the diversity, assemblages and associated habitat of the larvae of large and medium size pelagic species. In total 36 species and 14,295 individuals were collected during this study, with the highest diversity occurring during the summer, and in the western frontal region of the Florida Current. Sailfish were included in an assemblage with Auxis rochei, A. thazard and Euthynnus alleterattus, all species found in highest abundance during the summer along the western edge of the Straits of Florida. Blue marlin grouped most closely with Thunnus atlanticus, Ruvettus pretiosus and Lampris guttatus, all summer spawners, whose larvae tended to occur further offshore. The primary environmental factors associated with these assemblages were SST (highest summer-early fall), day-length (highest early summer), thermocline depth (shallowest on the Florida side) and fluorescence (highest on the Florida side). A Lagrangian sampling effort was then used to more specifically evaluate the role of frontal zones in sailfish spawning. The results of this sampling indicated that the highest levels of sailfish spawning occurred in a frontal zone associated with the formation of a submesoscale frontal eddy. This spawning resulted in the first-feeding larvae occupying an area rich in prey items. Given the small spatial-scale of the front, and the distribution of the eggs of adult prey items, the results of this work would suggest that sailfish are actively targeting features for spawning that are favorable to the growth and survival of their larvae. Finally the relative importance of the Straits of Florida as a spawning ground was evaluated by calculating the annual egg production of both sailfish and blue marlin within this region. In total it was estimated that 2.1% of western Atlantic sailfish spawning and 1.6% of Atlantic wide blue marlin spawning occurs in the SF. Pop-up satellite tags deployed on sailfish at the start of the spawning season revealed their short residency times in the SF, suggesting that a large (≈10%) transient portion of the sailfish population is responsible for the SF egg production. These results indicate that the SF is a migratory bottleneck for sailfish. In conclusion the results of this study indicate that a hierarchy of physical and biological processes influence the distribution of billfish spawning in space and time. The results provide insights into the movement patterns and life history strategies of these species, and ultimately may aid in the development of the spatially explicit ecosystem based management approaches that are currently being advocated.
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Rice, Patrick Hays. "Factors Affecting the Catch of Target and Bycatch Species During Pelagic Longline Fishing." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/85.
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Recent evidence suggests that overfishing of large predatory fishes has resulted in substantial population declines and pelagic longline (PLL) fishing is a major contributor. The primary objective of this dissertation is understanding factors that affect the interactions between marine fish PLL fishing. These factors are important to determine vulnerability of bycatch and target species, especially when PLL catch and effort data are used to estimate stock abundance. Chapter 1 reviews 107 publications/reports on this topic. Results indicate that accurate characterization of PLL gear performance requires empirical measurement of horizontal and vertical gear movement; and pop-up satellite tags (PSATs) are best suited for quantifying pelagic fish vertical habitat use if: (i) sampling resolution and data storage are not a function of tracking duration and (ii) substantial monitoring durations are employed. This review documents the current state of knowledge for these factors and guidance for future research. In Chapter 2, hook time-at-depth was monitored for commercial PLL sets targeting swordfish, Xiphias gladius. Temperature-depth recorders (TDRs) were deployed at the hook, systematically along the entire gear length. Results indicated that: (i) hook depth predictions based on catenary geometry drastically overestimated actual fishing depths and (ii) using catenary geometry fails to capture within- and among-set variability, potentially resulting in biased stock assessments. Chapter 3 used temperature-depth data from PSATs on swordfish and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and similar data from TDR monitored near-surface and deep PLL fishing to determine the diel probability of these species encountering PLL hooks. Results indicated that blue marlin and swordfish inhabit surface waters at night with similar probability of encountering PLL hooks but may have different vulnerabilities due to temporal separation in feeding with blue marlin preferring daytime and twilight and swordfish preferring nighttime. Therefore, reducing fishing during daylight hours may reduce blue marlin bycatch during PLL targeting swordfish. Chapter 4 alternated non-offset and 10° offset circle hooks during PLL fishing and compared the relative performance on catch rates, percent mortality, and deep hooking percentage. Results indicated that 10° offset circle hooks can reduce fishing efficiency and conservation benefits commonly associated with circle hooks.
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Rodrigues, Junior Carlos Egberto [UNESP]. "DNA Barcode na identificação de Peixes de Bico explorados comercialmente: uma abordagem forense." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152086.
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The billfish are oceanic pelagic species often caught by the tuna fleet and with great interest of sport fishing. This group of fish has specific legislation prohibiting the marketing and export of two species, Kajuikia albida e Makaira nigricans, in Brazil. DNA barcode is a universal system of molecular identification based on a sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of about 650 base pairs, serving as an identifying genomic mark in each species. This system has been used successfully to identify mischaracterized samples illegally marketed, like sample materials from sharks and other endangered species of organisms. The Barcode DNA technique was used to identify billfish marketed in the second largest fishing warehouse in Latin America, the CEAGESP-SP and the international airport of São Paulo, Brazil. 302 samples of billfish were collected during three inspection actions carried out by IBAMA, the executing agency of the national environmental policy. After DNA sequencing procedures it was possible to identify 72 samples (91.14%) by CEAGESP at the level of species, being 21 (29.17%) identified as Xiphias gladius, 44 (61.1%) as Istiophorus platypterus and 7 (8.33%) as Kajikia albida, this latter species determined as a market prohibited in Brazil and considered vulnerable in the list of endangered species of the IUCN and in the official list of species of endangered Fauna - Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. At the International Airport of Guarulhos it was possible to identify 223 samples (100%), all identified as Xiphias gladius as declared by the exporter and indicated by its NCM (Mercosur Common Nomenclature). Molecular analysis has proven to be an excellent tool to identify billfish in Brazil in different centers such as Guarulhos International Airport and CEAGESP, SP. The identification of the white marlin being illegally traded in CEAGESP demonstrates the ineffectiveness of the current monitoring techniques used and emphasize the need for adopting better public policies for the conservation of the species.
Os peixes de bico são espécies pelágicas oceânicas frequentemente capturadas pela frota atuneira e com grande interesse da pesca esportiva. Este grupo de peixes possui legislação específica que proíbe a comercialização e exportação de duas espécies, Kajikia albida e Makaira nigricans desse grupo no Brasil. O DNA Barcode é um sistema universal de identificação molecular baseado em uma sequência de DNA mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I (COI) de aproximadamente 650 pares de base, servindo como código de barras de DNA de cada espécie. Este sistema tem sido utilizado com êxito para identificar amostras que são comercializadas descaracterizadas e de forma ilegal, como tubarões e outras espécies ameaçadas de extinção. A técnica de DNA Barcode foi utilizada para a identificação de peixes de bico comercializados no segundo maior entreposto pesqueiro da América Latina, CEAGESP, SP e no Aeroporto Internacional de Guarulhos, atualmente o maior volume brasileiro de exportações de peixes de bico no País. Foram coletadas 302 amostras de peixes de bico durante vistorias realizadas pelo IBAMA, 223 no aeroporto e 79 no CEAGESP, órgão executor da política nacional do meio ambiente. Após sequenciamento do DNA foi possível à identificação das espécies de 70 amostras (88,60%) coletadas no CEAGESP, sendo 21 (30%) identificadas como Xiphias gladius, 43 (61,42%) como Istiophorus platypterus e seis (8,57%) como Kajikia albida, esta última de comércio proibido no Brasil, e considerada vulnerável pela lista de espécies em perigo da IUCN e pela Lista Nacional Oficial de Espécies da Fauna Ameaçadas de Extinção - Peixes e Invertebrados Aquáticos. No Aeroporto Internacional de Guarulhos foi possível à identificação de 223 amostras (100%), sendo todas identificadas como Xiphias gladius conforme declarado pelo exportador e indicado pelo seu NCM (Nomenclatura Comum do Mercosul). A análise molecular demonstrou ser uma importante ferramenta na identificação de peixes de bico comercializados no Brasil em diferentes centros como o Aeroporto Internacional de Guarulhos e CEAGESP, SP. A identificação de agulhões branco sendo ilegalmente comercializados na CEAGESP demonstra a ineficácia das técnicas de fiscalização utilizadas e enfatizam a necessidade melhores políticas públicas para a conservação da espécie.
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Rodrigues, Junior Carlos Egberto. "DNA Barcode na identificação de Peixes de Bico explorados comercialmente uma abordagem forense /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152086.
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Orientador: Fabio Porto-ForestiResumo: The billfish are oceanic pelagic species often caught by the tuna fleet and with great interest of sport fishing. This group of fish has specific legislation prohibiting the marketing and export of two species, Kajuikia albida e Makaira nigricans, in Brazil. DNA barcode is a universal system of molecular identification based on a sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of about 650 base pairs, serving as an identifying genomic mark in each species. This system has been used successfully to identify mischaracterized samples illegally marketed, like sample materials from sharks and other endangered species of organisms. The Barcode DNA technique was used to identify billfish marketed in the second largest fishing warehouse in Latin America, the CEAGESP-SP and the international airport of São Paulo, Brazil. 302 samples of billfish were collected during three inspection actions carried out by IBAMA, the executing agency of the national environmental policy. After DNA sequencing procedures it was possible to identify 72 samples (91.14%) by CEAGESP at the level of species, being 21 (29.17%) identified as Xiphias gladius, 44 (61.1%) as Istiophorus platypterus and 7 (8.33%) as Kajikia albida, this latter species determined as a market prohibited in Brazil and considered vulnerable in the list of endangered species of the IUCN and in the official list of species of endangered Fauna - Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. At the International Airport of Guarulhos it ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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CRESPO, NETO Osman. "Utilização de habitat e movimentos migratórios do Agulhão Negro (Makaira nigricans) no oceano Atlântico Sul." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18331.
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O agulhão negro (Makaira nigricans) é uma espécie dentre os grandes peixes pelágicos que compõe o topo da teia trófica marinha, sendo sua preservação importante para a manutenção da dinâmica populacional desses ecossistemas. Esta espécie é uma das mais procuradas pela pesca esportiva no mundo, sendo, porém, alvo de sobrepesca devido sua captura frequente como fauna acompanhante na pesca de espinhel pelágico no oceano Atlântico. O objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa foi compreender os movimentos migratórios, a influência de fatores ambientais em padrões de movimento e utilização de habitat pelos agulhões-negro no oceano Atlântico Sul e como essa espécie interage com o aparelho de pesca. Para o levantamento de dados sobre a utilização de habitat foram utilizadas marcas PSATs (pop-up satellite archival tags) para monitorar o comportamento do animal registrando um fluxo quase contínuo de parâmetros ambientais especificados (temperatura, pressão [profundidade] e luminosidade), onde os dados são arquivados e transmitem a informação via satélite após se desconectarem do animal. Além disso, foram também analisadas as profundidades de atuação dos anzóis do espinhel na pesca comercial de atuns e afins no Atlântico Sul, para melhor compreender quanto o esforço de pesca atualmente empregado se sobrepõe ao habitat utilizado pelos agulhões. O deslocamento horizontal durante o período de marcação variou de 374 a 1.838 km. Os resultados mostraram que os indivíduos maiores (>195 cm), considerados adultos, apresentaram deslocamentos direcionais segundo a estatística circular aplicada, enquanto que indivíduos juvenis ou menores (<195 cm) apresentaram deslocamentos considerados loopings ou sem direcionamento definido. Os dados de tempo em profundidade nos mostraram que a os indivíduos passam a maior porcentagem do tempo em águas superficiais acima dos 20m durante os períodos noturno e diurno. Os agulhões negros permaneceram a maioria do tempo dentro de uma curta faixa de temperatura, com uma média de 57% do tempo em temperaturas entre 26º e 28ºC. Os resultados quanto a sobreposição de habitat à espinhéis pelágicos nos mostrou uma relação de 59% da área rastreada sobreposta às armadilhas de pesca. A média de profundidade dos anzóis registrada foi de 49 m, sendo 90% da distribuição de profundidade dos anzóis entre 3271m. Essa distribuição vertical quando sobreposta ao padrão de utilização vertical do habitat pelos agulhões, revelou uma sobreposição que varia entre 11% e 35% durante o período diurno e 21% e 34% durante a noite. Os resultados obtidos na presente pesquisa são relevantes para uma melhor compreensão da biologia e ecologia dos agulhões negros no oceano Atlântico Sul, compondo um importante conhecimento sobre o comportamento da espécie e auxiliando para tomada de decisões e medidas de manejo e conservação da espécie a nível internacional.
Blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) is a species among great pelagic fishes that occupy the top of marine food web, being its conservation important to the maintenance of ecosystem population dynamics. Atlantic blue marlin is one of the favorite species targeted by recreational fishing in the Atlantic Ocean, however being overexploited because of its frequent capture as bycatch by commercial pelagic longline fishery. The main goal of this study was to understand migratory movement and the influence of environmental factors in movement patterns and habitat utilization by blue marlins in the South Atlantic Ocean and how this species interacts with pelagic longline gear. Pop up archival tags (PSATs) were used to collect habitat utilization data monitoring animal behavior through continuous records of specified environmental parameters (temperature, pressure [depth] and luminosity), transmitting such reports via satellite after pop-off. Furthermore, was also analyzed longline gears hook depths from commercial fisheries in South Atlantic to better understand how this fishing effort overlap to marlins habitat utilization. PSATs were programmed to record depth, temperature, and light intensity for a period of 180 days until release. The horizontal net displacement for all blue marlins ranged from 374 to 1.838 km. Results presented that larger individuals (>196 cm), considered adults, achieved directional movements according to circular statistics applied, while shorter individuals (<195 cm) presented displacement as looping or nondirectional. Time-at-depth histograms of blue marlin habitat utilization show that most individuals across all areas spent the majority of their time in shallow waters, above 20m, both during the day and night periods. Blue marlins spent most of their time within a relatively narrow temperature range, staying an average of 57% of their time in temperatures between 26° and 28°C. Overall, blue marlins had approximately 59% of their tracked range overlapped by the longline fishing gear. The average hook depth across all areas was 49 m with 90% percentile depth distribution of the hooks depth between 32-71 m. When this distribution was overlapped with the species vertical habitat utilization, the overlap ranged between 11 and 35% during daytime and 21 and 34% during nighttime. The results achieved in this study are relevant to better understand the biology and ecology of Atlantic blue marlins, composing an important knowledge about species behavior, which reduces current uncertainties about its biology and help to making decisions and take international conservation and management measures to the species.
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Hoolihan, John Paul Jr School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Biology of Arabian Gulf sailfish." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20755.
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Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P < 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P < 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).
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Morrell, Thomas J. "Analysis of "Observer Effect" in Logbook Reporting Accuracy for U.S. Pelagic Longline Fishing Vessels in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/511.
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Commercial pelagic longline fishers within the U.S. Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean are required to report all fishing interactions per each gear deployment to NOAA’s Vessel Logbook Program of the Southeast Fisheries Science Center to quantify bycatch, increase conservation efforts, and avoid jeopardizing the existence of vulnerable species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). To provide additional accuracy, the Pelagic Observer Program (POP) of the SEFSC deploys professionally trained observers on longline vessels to produce a statistically reliable subset of longline fisheries data. A comparison of self-reported (“unobserved”) datasets versus observer-collected (“observed”) datasets showed a general consistency for most target species but non-reporting or under-reporting for a number of bycatch species and “lesser-valued” target species. These discrepancies between catch compositions and abundancies regarding targeted species, species of bycatch concern, and species of minimum economic value can provide insight into increased fisheries regulations, stricter requirements, or additional observer coverage.
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Habegger, María Laura. "Functional Morphology and Feeding Mechanics of Billfishes." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5617.
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Billfishes (marlins, spearfishes, sailfishes and swordfish) are one of the fastest and largest marine apex predators, and perhaps their most recognizable attribute is their bill or rostrum. The proposed function for this novel structure has ranged from hydrodynamic enhancement to defensive weaponry. However, the most supported hypothesis for its function has been linked to feeding. Billfishes have been observed to subdue their prey with their rostrum, either stunning or cutting them into pieces before ingestion. Due to their large body sizes and pelagic lifestyles a thorough investigation of the function of this structure has been logistically challenging. The goal of my dissertation is to investigate the role of the rostrum during feeding from a functional, mechanical and morphological standpoint. By the use of interdisciplinary approaches that blend engineering with biology, the function of the rostrum and billfish putative feeding behavior was investigated. By the use of different approaches that involve morphological characterizations, histology, estimation of performance measurements such as bite force and the investigation architectural tradeoffs from geometric morphometrics analysis, my dissertation aims to characterized the role of the rostrum in billfishes as a possible adaptation for feeding. Results showed that the rostrum in billfishes is mechanically capable of acting as a feeding weapon; continuous stress distribution along its length suggest no particular point that could lead to breakage during feeding. Finite element analysis, as well as bending experiments suggest feeding behavior may be species specific and strictly associated with rostrum morphology. While istiophorids may be morphologically suited to strike their prey with a wide range of motions, swordfish appear to be specialized from a mechanical and hydrodynamic standpoint to hit their prey with lateral strikes. Biting performance is relatively low in these top predators compared to other non-billfish species suggesting the rostrum may facilitate prey processing reducing the need for powerful biting. However contrary to my expectations rostrum length was not a predictor of bite force. Skull variation was evident among billfish species. Swordfish, the species with the longest rostrum, had the smallest head and the lowest relative bite force whereas blue marlin, the species with the stiffer, most compact rostrum, had the largest head and one of the greatest relative bite forces. The shortbill spearfish showed a relatively low bite force indicating predatory success in this species may be linked to an extended lower jaw that may facilitate a speed efficient jaw during prey capture. Whether the rostrum in billfishes has evolved as an adaptation for feeding, remains uncertain. However results from this study demonstrate that rostrum material properties, morphology and head architecture, in addition to relatively low biting performance in billfishes, favor a role of prey capture for the rostrum.
Books on the topic "Billfish"
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Samson, Jack. Billfish on a fly. Portland, Or: Frank Amato, 1995.
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Borja, Manuel Flores, Katharyn E. Tuten-Puckett, and Anicia Q. Tomokane. Blue marlins and other billfish. Kagman Village, Saipan: Kagman Elementary School Young Writers' Workshop, 2003.
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L, Klawe W., Murphy Pat 1955-, and Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, eds. Tuna and billfish: Fish without a country. 4th ed. La Jolla, Calif: Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 1988.
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Western Pacific Fishery Management Council (U.S.). Revised draft fishery management plan for the fisheries for billfish and associated species in the U.S. Fishery Conservation Zone of the Western Pacific Region. Honolulu, Hawaii: Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, 1985.
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Western Pacific Fishery Management Council (U.S.). Summary of revised draft Fishery management plan for the fisheries for billfish and associated species in the U.S. Fishery Conservation Zone of the Western Pacific Region. Honolulu, Hawaii: Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, 1985.
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Miyake, Makoto. Field manual for statistics and sampling of Atlantic tunas and tuna-like fishes. 3rd ed. Madrid, Spain: International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, 1990.
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Hughes, Noble. The first Hemingway billfish tournament: Based on an interview with Charles "Charlie" Anderson. Greenville, Tex: Blue Marlin Pub., 1993.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Certification of documentation for the vessel "Billfish": Report of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, on S. 1004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
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Sudarsan, D. Atlas of tunas, billfishes and sharks in the Indian EEZ and adjacent oceanic regions: Results of tuna longline survey by Matsya Sugundhi, Matsya Harini and M.V. Prashikshani during October 1983 to March 1988 in lat. 0⁰-16⁰N and long. 67⁰-96⁰E. Bombay: Deputy Director General (Fy), Fishery Survey of India, 1988.
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Programme, United Nations Development, ed. Billfishes of the world: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes, and swordfishes known to date. Rome: United Nations Development Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1985.
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"Billfish and Sharks." In Offshore Sea Life ID Guide, 29. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400874033-008.
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"Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump." In Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump, edited by Richard W. Brill and Molly E. Lutcavage. American Fisheries Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569230.ch11.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The vulnerability of the highly mobile tunas (family Scombridae) and billfishes (families Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae) to various fishing gears and detection by aerial surveys is influenced by their depth distributions, travel speeds, residency times, and aggregation. As a result, understanding the effects of the physical environment on fish behavior is critical for robust population assessments. Numerous studies have attempted to understand the movements and habitat requirements of tunas and billfishes by correlating catch statistics with environmental conditions averaged over time and space. Such correlations do not necessarily elucidate the requisite relationships because the data are not gathered simultaneously, and because error terms are often too broad to demonstrate meaningful relationships. More important, using catch statistics to determine the effects of environmental conditions on catch statistics can never prove causation and result in tautology, unless independent measures offish abundance are available. The situation is not necessarily improved when catch statistics are correlated with satellite-derived sea surface temperature data. Tunas and billfish fish do not always live at the surface and, more importantly, regularly move through vertical thermal gradients (≈1°C m<sup>-1</sup>) that are orders of magnitude steeper than horizontal gradients (≈1°C km<sup>-1</sup>)• Sea surface temperature gradients per se are, therefore, unlikely to influence horizontal movements or aggregation. Direct observations of tuna and billfish behaviors (collected via acoustic telemetry or electronic data-recording tags) can, however, be readily combined with information on their physiologically-based environmental tolerances, forage abundance, and appropriate oceanographic data. The resulting models can correct both traditional catch-per-unit effort data and aerial survey data for differences in gear vulnerability, and thus significantly improve population assessments.
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"Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries." In Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries, edited by C. Phillip Goodyear. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569308.ch22.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Most billfish caught by recreational and U.S. longline fishermen are returned to the sea and, because of their overfished status, the United States has urged that all live billfish taken in Atlantic longline fisheries be released. Knowledge of the proportion of these fish that die due to the catch-and-release process, is important both for stock assessment, and to know the potential benefit of releasing fish taken as bycatch in commercial fisheries. Existing information indicates that the magnitude of this mortality is low, but comes from a limited number of studies using small numbers of ultrasonic tags. Recent technology that uses tags that release from the fish after a preprogrammed time, and then transmit data to satellites, offers the potential for developing better estimates of release mortality. This paper uses simulation techniques to examine factors leading to robust estimates of release mortality. Most sources of error in tagging experiments will lead to upward bias in the estimates. These include tag failure, tagging induced mortality, natural mortality, and tag shedding. Given the importance of the estimate to future billfish management, initial studies should focus on proving the technology. Tag failures produce ambiguous results and should be minimized, to the extent possible, or eliminated from the analysis where appropriate. Under perfect conditions (no tag failure, no tag induced mortality, and no tag shedding), individual experiments should apply a minimum of about 100 tags. The length of time from tagging until the tag releases from the fish should only be long enough for the catch-and-release mortality to be fully expressed. Because each fishing mode is likely to have a different release mortality rate, each experiment only estimates the release mortality rate for the species, gear, and fishing method employed in the fishery studied. The number of tags required to estimate the total number of deaths of released fish, of all species, could be in the tens of thousands. However, a well-researched experimental design might reduce the required number of tags significantly.
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"Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries." In Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries, edited by Eric D. Prince, Mauricio Ortiz, Arietta Venizelos, and David S. Rosenthal. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569308.ch21.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The Cooperative Tagging Center (CTC) of the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Southeast Fisheries Science Center operates one of the largest and oldest fish tagging programs of its type in the world. Since 1954, more than 35,000 recreational and commercial fishing constituents have voluntarily participated in the CTC, and this has resulted in tagging more than 245,000 fish of 123 species. Although some tagging activities have been conducted by scientists, most of the tag release and recovery activities were achieved by recreational and commercial fishery constituents. Five large highly migratory species have historically represented the Program’s primary target species, including Atlantic bluefin tuna <em> Thunnus thynnus</em>, blue marlin <em> Makaira nigricans</em>, white marlin <em> Tetrapturus albidus</em>, sailfish <em> Istiophorus platypterus</em>, and broadbill swordfish <em> Xiphias gladius</em>. Tagging equipment and procedures for catching, tagging, and resuscitation of species too large to be brought aboard fishing vessels have evolved and improved considerably over the years. This paper presents a review of the development of the most efficient tagging, handling, and dehooking techniques used on a variety of large, highly migratory species in the CTC. In addition, the results of a comparative tag retention study on billfish are presented, comparing stainless steel dart tags used for nearly 30 years with a hydroscopic nylon double-barb dart tag, recently developed in conjunction with The Billfish Foundation. Recommendations are made on the best techniques, procedures, and equipment for in-water tagging of large, highly migratory species.
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Block, B. A. "PELAGIC FISHES | Endothermy in Tunas, Billfishes, and Sharks." In Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology, 1914–20. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374553-8.00103-9.
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Bernal, Diego, Chugey Sepulveda, Michael Musyl, and Richard Brill. "The Eco-physiology of Swimming and Movement Patterns of Tunas, Billfishes, and Large Pelagic Sharks." In Fish Locomotion, 436–83. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10190-14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Billfish"
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Zhao, Xinyue. "Analysis on the Challenges Faced by Australian Eastern Tuna and Billfish Fishery." In 1st International Symposium on Innovative Management and Economics (ISIME 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210803.044.
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McCuen, William Nathanael, and Aika S. Ishimori. "A SECOND RECORD OF A XIPHIORHYNCHINE BILLFISH RESEMBLING XIPHIORHYNCHUS AEGYPTIACUS FROM THE CHANDLER BRIDGE FORMATION OF SOUTH CAROLINA." In 68th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019se-327767.
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