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Journal articles on the topic 'Bill of Embodied Energy'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Roh, Seungjun, Sungho Tae, Rakhyun Kim, and Suroh Park. "Probabilistic Analysis of Major Construction Materials in the Life Cycle Embodied Environmental Cost of Korean Apartment Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030846.

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This study employs probabilistic analysis to evaluate the life cycle embodied environmental cost of Korean apartment buildings, with a focus on six major construction materials. To this end, the bill of materials was analyzed for 443 Korean apartment buildings according to the type and plan form, and probability density functions (PDFs) were established for the input quantities of the six materials under consideration. Life cycle scenarios were then examined for each material, and their respective life cycle embodied environmental cost factors were established, using a monetary valuation-based damage cost life cycle analysis model. The estimated environmental costs were evaluated by apartment structural type and plan form, based on probability distributions using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Building life cycle embodied environmental cost was estimated between 16.87 USD/m2 and 23.03 USD/m2 (90% confidence interval). Among the structure types analyzed, the highest costs were associated with the wall structure, followed by rigid frame and flat plate structures; at the plan form level, costs followed the sequence plate-type > mixed-type > tower type for a given type of structure.

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2

Lee, Dongyoun, Goune Kang, Chulu Nam, Hunhee Cho, and Kyung-In Kang. "Stochastic Analysis of Embodied Carbon Dioxide Emissions Considering Variability of Construction Sites." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 4, 2019): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154215.

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The current method of estimating CO2 emissions during the construction phase does not consider the variability that can occur in actual work. Therefore, this study aims at probabilistic CO2 estimation dealing with the statistical characteristics in activity data of building construction work, focused on concrete pouring work and based on field data. The probabilistically estimated CO2 emissions have some differences from CO2 emissions measured by current deterministic methods. The results revealed that the minimum difference was 11.4%, and the maximum difference was 132.7%. This study also used Monte Carlo simulations to derive information on a probability model of CO2 emissions. Results of the analysis revealed that there is a risk of underestimating emissions because the amount of emissions was estimated at a level that exceeds the 95% confidence interval of the simulation results. In addition, the probability that CO2 emissions using the measured activities data were less than the estimated CO2 emissions using the bill of quantity was 73.2% in the probability distribution model.

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3

Spencer, Paul. "US Energy bill." Refocus 6, no. 5 (September 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(05)70437-6.

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4

HESS, GLENN. "ENERGY BILL SET." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 83, no. 31 (August 2005): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n031.p012.

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5

Maize, KennedyP. "Energy bill update." Electricity Journal 5, no. 5 (June 1992): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6190(92)90059-g.

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6

JOHNSON, JEFF. "ENERGY BILL PASSES HOUSE." Chemical & Engineering News 81, no. 16 (April 21, 2003): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n016.p010.

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7

LOIS. "HOUSE PASSES ENERGY BILL." Chemical & Engineering News 83, no. 18 (May 2, 2005): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n018.p008.

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8

JOHNSON, JEFF. "SENATE PASSES ENERGY BILL." Chemical & Engineering News 83, no. 27 (July 4, 2005): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n027.p006a.

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9

Bush, S. "Senate approves energy bill." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 73, no. 9 (1992): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91eo00074.

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10

Griffin, J. "Towards an Energy Bill." Power Engineer 17, no. 5 (2003): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20030503.

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11

Maize, KennedyP. "The house energy bill." Electricity Journal 5, no. 3 (April 1992): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6190(92)90006-s.

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12

Asdrubali, Francesco, Marta Roncone, and Gianluca Grazieschi. "Embodied Energy and Embodied GWP of Windows: A Critical Review." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133788.

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The construction sector is one of the most energy-intensive in the industrialized countries. In order to limit climate change emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building, in addition to reducing energy consumption in the operational phase, attention should also be paid to the embodied energy and CO2 emissions of the building itself. The purpose of this work is to review data on embodied energy and GWP derived from EPDs of different types of windows, to identify the LCA phases, the most impacting materials and processes from an environmental point of view and to perform a critical analysis of the outcomes. The results show a strong dependence on the typology of the frame, with wooden windows having competitive performances: lower average primary energy non-renewable (1123 MJ/FU), higher average primary energy renewable (respectively 817 MJ/FU) and lower global warming potential (54 kgCO2eq/FU). More transparency and standardization in the information conveyed by the program operators is, however, desirable for a better comparability of windows performances. In particular, the inclusion of the operational impact in the EPD is sporadic, but strongly important, since it can be the most impactful phase.

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13

Furtak, Marcin, and Michał Ciuła. "THE EMBODIED ENERGY OF ARCHITECTURE." space&FORM 2020, no. 44 (December 3, 2020): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2020.44.b-01.

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This paper discusses the complex subject of embodied energy in the contemporary construction industry. The importance of embodied energy is shown in the global environmental context. The ecological relationship between embodied energy and operational energy is discussed. The history of embodied energy analyses is presented and modern computer solutions, which currently help in sustainable architecture design, are suggested.

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14

Einarsdóttir, Anna, Helge Hoel, and Duncan Lewis. "Fitting the bill? (Dis)embodied disclosure of sexual identities in the workplace." Work, Employment and Society 30, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017014568136.

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15

Rennie, Alastair. "Briefing: Embodied energy and emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy 164, no. 4 (November 2011): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ener.2011.164.4.139.

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16

Samyn, Philippe. "Structural engineering and embodied energy." Steel Construction 12, no. 3 (August 2019): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stco.201970304.

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17

Mantoam, Edemilson J., Marcos Milan, Leandro M. Gimenez, and Thiago L. Romanelli. "Embodied energy of sugarcane harvesters." Biosystems Engineering 118 (February 2014): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.12.003.

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18

Soga, Kenichi, Chris Chau, Duncan Nicholson, and Heleni Pantelidou. "Embodied energy: Soil retaining geosystems." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 4 (April 2011): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0013-7.

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19

Camaratta, Rubens, Tiago Moreno Volkmer, and Alice Gonçalves Osorio. "Embodied energy in beverage packaging." Journal of Environmental Management 260 (April 2020): 110172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110172.

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20

Chen, Jinghan, Wen Zhou, and Hongtao Yang. "Is Embodied Energy a Better Starting Point for Solving Energy Security Issues?—Based on an Overview of Embodied Energy-Related Research." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 4260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164260.

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Embodied energy is termed as the total (direct and indirect) energy required to produce economic or environmental goods and services. It is different from the direct energy measurement of energy consumption. Due to the importance of energy security, it has attracted increasing attention. In order to explore whether and to what extent embodied energy can provide a more innovative approach and competitive perspective to energy security issues, 2608 relevant pieces of literature from the Web of Science core collection are analyzed in this study. Results show that embodied energy has been taken seriously. Moreover, by reviewing the typical literature, this paper first summarizes the embodied energy calculation methods and models, then investigates how embodied energy provides a new perspective to energy issues, and lastly analyzes how to show value in energy security issues in its application of guiding policy-making and energy security studies. In summary, there is no doubt that embodied energy can provide a more integrated perspective on energy consumption and demand and provide a more scientific reference for policy-making to enhance energy security. However, because of data and application scope limitations, establishing a comprehensive energy security research and application system with embodied energy measurements needs hard work.

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21

Beall, Abigail. "Bitcoin energy bill matches Ecuador's." New Scientist 236, no. 3150 (November 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)32143-7.

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22

JOHNSON, JEFF. "CONGRESS TACKLES ENERGY BILL AGAIN." Chemical & Engineering News 82, no. 3 (January 19, 2004): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n003.p058.

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23

Pierobon, Jim. "US energy bill: Something missing." Renewable Energy Focus 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(08)70021-0.

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24

JOHNSON, JEFF. "SENATORS FIGHT OVER ENERGY BILL." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 51 (December 17, 2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n051.p010.

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25

JOHNSON, JEFF. "SENATE MOVES ON ENERGY BILL." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 83, no. 25 (June 20, 2005): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n025.p016.

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26

JOHNSON, JEFF, and BETTE HILEMAN. "ENERGY BILL HITS FINAL STRETCH." Chemical & Engineering News 83, no. 28 (July 11, 2005): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n028.p022.

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27

JOHNSON, JEFF. "DOUBTFUL FUTURE FOR ENERGY BILL." Chemical & Engineering News 88, no. 27 (July 5, 2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen070110151457.

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28

JOHNSON, JEFF. "STORMS LOOM FOR ENERGY BILL." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 23 (June 4, 2001): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n023.p041.

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29

HILEMAN, BETTE. "BROAD ENERGY BILL CLEARS HOUSE." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 33 (August 13, 2001): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n033.p010.

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30

Bush, S. "Senate debates revised energy bill." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 73, no. 7 (1992): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91eo00066.

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31

McTernan, Jesse K., and Sven G. Bilén. "Embodied Energy Repurposing via Energy-Harvesting Electrodynamic Tethers." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 54, no. 4 (July 2017): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.a33783.

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32

Giroux, Lorne. "Projet de loi no 69 — Loi modifiant la Loi de la qualité de l'environnement." Chronique de législation 19, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 1141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042291ar.

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The following commentary discusses two aspects of Bill 69, an Act to Amend the Environmental Quality Act focusing on the concept of citizen participation as embodied in the Bill and the new environmental impact assesment procedures set up in the proposed amendments. It deplores the fact that, as proposed, the amending act would leave too much discretion with the Minister of the environment in deciding to allow public hearings in the processes. The author also regrets that the important questions relating to the environmental assesment procedure are left to be determined by the rulemaking authority of the government thus thwarting a serious discussion of their scope and seriousness.

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33

Wilson, Michael. "Embodied Energy in the Water Cycle." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 10 (January 1, 2009): 5515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793952729.

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34

Shukla, Ashish, G. N. Tiwari, and M. S. Sodha. "Embodied energy analysis of adobe house." Renewable Energy 34, no. 3 (March 2009): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.002.

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35

., Mithra P. "EMBODIED ENERGY ASSESSMENT FOR BUILDING MATERIALS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 15 (April 25, 2015): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0415007.

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36

Stone, Clayton, Dušan Katunský, and Miloslav Bagoňa. "Embodied Energy of Stabilized Rammed Earth." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.151.

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The paper references a number of sources to create a compact account of the intrinsic energy, physical parameters and subsequent thermal potential of rammed earth that has been stabilized with Portland cement. The aim of this article is to show that a lower embodied energy does not necessarily reduce thermal comfort if careful consideration is given to design.

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37

Kara, S., and S. Ibbotson. "Embodied energy of manufacturing supply chains." CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (January 2011): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2011.03.006.

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38

Hu, Ming. "A Building Life-Cycle Embodied Performance Index—The Relationship between Embodied Energy, Embodied Carbon and Environmental Impact." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081905.

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Knowledge and research tying the environmental impact and embodied energy together is a largely unexplored area in the building industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the practicality of using the ratio between embodied energy and embodied carbon to measure the building’s impact. This study is based on life-cycle assessment and proposes a new measure: life-cycle embodied performance (LCEP), in order to evaluate building performance. In this project, eight buildings located in the same climate zone with similar construction types are studied to test the proposed method. For each case, the embodied energy intensities and embodied carbon coefficients are calculated, and four environmental impact categories are quantified. The following observations can be drawn from the findings: (a) the ozone depletion potential could be used as an indicator to predict the value of LCEP; (b) the use of embodied energy and embodied carbon independently from each other could lead to incomplete assessments; and (c) the exterior wall system is a common significant factor influencing embodied energy and embodied carbon. The results lead to several conclusions: firstly, the proposed LCEP ratio, between embodied energy and embodied carbon, can serve as a genuine indicator of embodied performance. Secondly, environmental impact categories are not dependent on embodied energy, nor embodied carbon. Rather, they are proportional to LCEP. Lastly, among the different building materials studied, metal and concrete express the highest contribution towards embodied energy and embodied carbon.

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39

Yu, Runqing, Diandian Zhang, and Haichun Yan. "Embodied Energy and Cost Optimization of RC Beam under Blast Load." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1907972.

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Reinforced concrete (RC) structures not only consume a lot of resources but also cause continuing pollution. However, sustainable design could make RC structures more environmental-friendly. One important index for environmental impact assessment is embodied energy. The aim of the present study is to optimize the embodied energy and the cost of RC beam subjected to the blast loads. First, a general optimization procedure was described. Then, the optimization procedure was used to optimize the embodied energy and the cost of RC beams. Optimization results of the cost and the embodied energy were compared. It was found that the optimization results were influenced by the cost ratio nC (ratio of price of steel to price of concrete per unit volume) and the embodied energy ratio nE (ratio of embodied energy of steel to embodied energy of concrete per unit volume). An optimal design that minimized both embodied energy and cost simultaneously was obtained if values of nC and nE were very close.

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40

Balouktsi, Maria, and Thomas Lützkendorf. "Energy Efficiency of Buildings: The Aspect of Embodied Energy." Energy Technology 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201500265.

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41

Rahimifard, S., Y. Seow, and T. Childs. "Minimising Embodied Product Energy to support energy efficient manufacturing." CIRP Annals 59, no. 1 (2010): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.048.

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42

Jurizat, Aldissain, and Try Ramadhan. "EMBODIED ENERGY PADA DINDING BAMBU ANYAMAN DAN PLESTER." Jurnal Arsitektur ZONASI 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2020): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v3i2.25061.

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Abstract: Buildings consume high energy and cause an increase in CO2 gas emissions to the environment. This energy consumption is known as embodied energy where energy is used in the production and maintenance processes of buildings. In buildings, the largest consumption of embodied energy is contained in the walls. Among the various materials and construction of building walls, the trend of the plaster bamboo wall has been significantly increased because it has several advantages for the environment. This research was conducted to measure the embodied energy contained in bamboo wall construction located in Kampung Buyut Cipageran, Cimahi City. This research method uses Inventory Carbon and Energy (ICE) data from the University of Bath and Indonesian National Standard as the basics data for the calculation. The analysis has been conducted by calculating the basics data and the design drawings. The result showed that the embodied energy in the bamboo walls had a value of 230.61 MJ/m2. This result is lower than the known standard for brick wall with 440 MJ/m2. The bamboo wall is proved to be more efficient in energy use than conventional wall with brick as the main construction.Keywords: bamboo wall; embodied energy; Abstrak: Bangunan mengkonsumsi energi yang cukup tinggi dan mengakibatkan peningkatan emisi gas CO2 ke lingkungan. Penggunaan energi ini diketahui sebagai embodied energy dimana energi digunakan dalam proses produksi dan perawatan bangunan. Dalam suatu bangunan, penggunaan embodied energy terbesar terletak pada dinding. Dari berbagai material dan konstruksi pembentuk dinding bangunan, dinding bambu plester menjadi tren terbaru karena memiliki beberapa keunggulan dalam keramahan terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur embodied energy yang terdapat pada komponen dinding bambu di salah satu bangunan Kampung Buyut Cipageran, Kota Cimahi. Metode pengukuran menggunakan data Inventory Carbon and Energy (ICE) dari University of Bath dan petunjuk analisis pekerjaan konstruksi dari SNI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa embodied energy pada dinding bambu plester memiliki nilai 230,61 MJ/m2. Jika dibandingkan dengan dinding bata plester konvensional yang memiliki standar 440 MJ/m2, dinding bambu plester lebih efisien dalam penggunaan energi dalam siklus hidupnya.Kata Kunci: dinding bambu; embodied energy;.

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43

Dixit, Manish K. "Life cycle embodied energy analysis of residential buildings: A review of literature to investigate embodied energy parameters." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 79 (November 2017): 390–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.051.

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44

LONG, JANICE. "Congress begins work on energy bill." Chemical & Engineering News 69, no. 28 (July 15, 1991): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n028.p026.

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45

JOHNSON, JEFF. "ENERGY BILL COMES TO A VOTE." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 81, no. 47 (November 24, 2003): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n047.p010.

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46

Leath, A. T. "Omnibus energy bill signed by president." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 73, no. 45 (1992): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91eo00353.

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47

Bush, S. "Energy bill addresses global change issues." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 73, no. 46 (1992): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91eo00360.

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48

Strobel, Caroline D. "After six years—an energy bill." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 17, no. 2 (2005): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20188.

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49

Sweet, W. "A U.S. energy bill at last." IEEE Spectrum 42, no. 9 (September 2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2005.1502521.

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50

Matard, Aude, Noorullah Kuchai, Stephen Allen, Paul Shepherd, Kemi Adeyeye, Nick McCullen, and David Coley. "An Analysis of the Embodied Energy and Embodied Carbon of Refugee Shelters Worldwide." International Journal of the Constructed Environment 10, no. 3 (2019): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2154-8587/cgp/v10i03/29-54.

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