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Journal articles on the topic 'Bilingualism and translation'
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Farahsani, Yashinta, and Margaretha Dharmayanti Harmanto. "Bilingualism of Indonesian-English in Article Titles: A Case Study in Indonesian Mechanical Engineering Articles." OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v15i1.3933.
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Bilingualism happens not only orally but also in written Indonesian articles. Usually, the articles use Indonesian and English terms. Bilingualism even can be seen in the articles’ titles. One of the fields that often use bilingual terms is found in Mechanical Engineering's articles. It happens because mechanical engineering has specialized terminology that sometimes untranslated into Indonesian terms. Many Indonesian experts have translated many English books with many variations of translation results. Therefore, the translation results are still questioned whether they are acceptable or not in Indonesian. This study aims to examine the factors of bilingualisms by observing titles of articles and finding the translation methods to translate the terminology from English to Indonesian. This study was qualitative research; by using questionnaires and observation, the research reveals that the main factor is untranslatability, where the English terminology cannot find its equivalent meaning in Indonesian. By using Molina and Albir's translation techniques, researchers reveal that the English terminologies can be translated in Indonesian using (1) amplification, (2) borrowing, (3) established equivalence, (4) calque, and (5) literal translation. This study concludes that the untranslatability problem can be solved when the experts try to use the accepted translation results rather than using English terms.
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N’Zengou-Tayo, Marie-José, and Elizabeth Wilson. "Translators on a Tight Rope: The Challenges of Translating Edwidge Danticat’s Breath, Eyes, Memory and Patrick Chamoiseau’s Texaco." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 13, no. 2 (March 19, 2007): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037412ar.
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Abstract Translators on a Tight Rope: The Challenges of Translating Edwidge Danticat's Breath, Eyes, Memory and Patrick Chamoiseau's Texaco — For Caribbean intellectuals and scholars, translation of Caribbean literary texts has a key role to play for breaching the language barriers in the Caribbean and fostering regional integration. However, most publishing houses are located in the industrialized North, i.e. in countries which had colonial interests in the region. The targeted market of these publishers is located in a region which tends to exoticize the Caribbean. Henceforth, translating Caribbean literature can be like walking on a tight rope, since the translator would have to negotiate carefully between exoticism and faithfulness to the Caribbean culture. In addition, at least for the Dutch, French and English-speaking Caribbean, there is also the issue of bilingualism: use of French in relation with use of Haitian / Martinican / Guadeloupian Creole, use of English with Jamaican / Trinidadian Creole or a French-based Creole (Dominica, Grenada, and St Lucia). Against this background, we examined two translations, one from English into French (Edwidge Danticat's Breath, Eyes, Memory, 1994), the other from French into English (Patrick Chamoiseau's Texaco, 1992). We analyzed the translators' strategies in order to convey the Haitian and Martinican cultures. We also discussed their rendering of the bilingual shifts present in both texts. One translator was more successful than the other, which also raised the issue of 'scholar' translation versus 'non scholar' translation. In conclusion, Caribbean academics have to be watchful of the translations of literary works of the region since these translations, which do not aim primarily at the regional audience will nevertheless impact on cultural relationships in the region.
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Samsel, Karol. "Joseph Conrad as a bilingual writer? On A Personal Record (1912)." Tekstualia 3, no. 46 (July 4, 2016): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4201.
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The article is an attempt at comprehensive research on the diffi cult issue of the Joseph Conrad’s bilingualism. However, formulating the thesis is preluded by a detailed description of the analysed phenomenon – in the view of the interdisciplinary studies: linguistic or, to be precise: contactological. Intentionally the image of Conrad has been constructed here specifi cally, although not idiomatically: the patterns to consider his works will be provided by the most signifi cant Polish elaborations of the literary bilingualism’s experience, Edward Balcerzan and Ewa Kraskowska. Basing on the portrait of Joseph Conrad as the comparatist and the commentator of his own translations (notes on the Polish translation of Il Conde and the interview with Marian Dąbrowski in 1914), the creator of letters-language hybrids (English, Polish and French) or the founder of the style constructed of language norm’s, system’s and usage’s infringements (the subject of analysis is in article Conrad’s prose Some Reminiscences [A Personal Record]), we are able to drive only to the very one – as it seems – generalization: the ambiguity of Joseph Conrad had been caused by the writer’s suspension between systems of creative and defi cient bilingualism and passive bilingualism (Balcerzan’s terms). Accretion of that ambiguity could we observe specially explicitly about 1914. It provokes more careful (than it occurred previously) statement concerning Conrad’s knowledge of language systems, Conrad’s experience and surviving them, and also Conrad’s usage of them. It encourages us to use ‘middle-terms’ such as interlingualism, rather than monolingualism, bilingualism, trilingualism and so on.
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David, Emilia. "Tradurre il bilinguismo di uno scrittore che si autotraduce: Matei Vișniec." Caietele Echinox 39 (December 1, 2020): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/cechinox.2020.39.16.
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"I will present some aspects regarding the issue of the translation into a third language or into a different idiom of some dramatic works written both in Romanian and in French by the bilingual and bicultural writer Matei Vişniec. I will attempt to clarify the nature of various linguistic, cultural, anthropological or other differences, expressed in the two linguistic versions of each of these plays. An examination of these differences requires, in my opinion, knowledge not only of the linguistic registers of the cultures the author belongs to, but also a careful reflection on the mode of transposing (translating) his bilingualism. In addition, this study will highlight the presence, in Romanian and in French, of a series of elements and phenomena emerging in self-translations, which allow analyzing the peculiarities of Vişniec’s corpus of dramatic texts as amounting to a poetics of the bilingualism."
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Ezhevskaya, Anya. "Insights from sociolinguistics and translation studies for maintaining bilingualism in the home." Missiology: An International Review 48, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829620910188.
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The question of language maintenance often arises in multilingual families, be it missionary families returning to the sending country or those that have moved permanently to start a new life. Parents committed to preserving the benefits their children have as bilinguals may struggle to maintain a vibrant knowledge of their children’s first language as the family enters a new linguistic environment. To support such parents and other individuals seeking to preserve bilingualism in the home and in the immediate community, this article offers insights from related linguistic fields. The author draws on personal experience, as well as translation studies and the concept of language planning from sociolinguistics, to examine techniques to keep the language in question active.
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Ladouceur, Louise. "Surtitles take the stage in Franco-Canadian theatre." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 3 (October 11, 2013): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.3.03lad.
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Faced with the need to expand their audience, small Franco-Canadian theatre companies are experimenting with various on-stage translative strategies, such as surtitles, to reach audiences with diverse linguistic and cultural profiles. Not only do they explore their bilingualism in plays that incorporate Canada’s two official languages, they enhance the bilingual aesthetics of the original play with the use of surtitles. In addition to conventional surtitles translating the source text delivered orally on stage, creative surtitles transmit new messages and thus multiply the possible readings generated by the performance. Thus, translation achieves a certain autonomy within the theatre production and, in doing so, redefines its function while challenging the existing theoretical models applied to the translation of dramatic texts.
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Colina, Sonia. "Contrastive Rhetoric and Text-Typological Conventions in Translation Teaching." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.9.2.07col.
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Abstract This paper illustrates the relevance of contrastive rhetoric research to Translation Studies and shows how it can be applied to translation pedagogy. After a brief descriptive analysis of the recipe genre in English and Spanish, student translations are examined. It is shown that the work of novice translators is one case in which source-language textual features are transferred into the target text. The effects of explicit instruction on textual-features and text-typological conventions are examined by comparing student translations: a significant improvement in the work of students exposed to explicit instruction is indicative of the benefit of pedagogical intervention. The evidence presented also indicates that translation competence is in fact separate from bilingualism.
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Sheremet, O. V. "Modernization of educational translation as a methodical method of teaching Russian in a Turkish audience." Язык и текст 6, no. 1 (2019): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060117.
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The article analyzes the concept of training translation as a means of forming the professional competence of future philologists in the context of Turkish-Russian bilingualism. It is revealed that the using of training translation, along with the methods of comparison and comparative studying, could have made the contribution to the development of students’s communicative personality. It is emphasized that in the functional bilingualism’s conditions modernized training translation has a positive effect on the creation of an assertive educational environment. It also helps to overcome the cultural and speech shock. The features of the using of this method during the study of Russian as a foreign language are considered as well. A wide range of scientific, methodological and linguistic sources has been analyzed, on the basis of which a classification of bilingual translation exercises has been proposed.
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Perloff, Marjorie. "Teaching Poetry in Translation: The Case for Bilingualism." Profession 2010, no. 1 (November 2010): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/prof.2010.2010.1.99.
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Mezei, Kathy. "Bilingualism and Translation in/of Michèle Lalonde’sSpeak White." Translator 4, no. 2 (January 1998): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556509.1998.10799021.
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Lungu-Badea, Georgiana. "La traduction n’est pas qu’une traduction. Quelques propos sur la traduction d’une écriture fragmentaire bilingue: Cuvântul nisiparniţă (Le Mot sablier) de Dumitru Tsepeneag." Translationes 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tran-2017-0001.
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Abstract Translation is not mere translation. A few remarks on the translation of a fragmentary bilingual text: Cuvântul nisiparniță (Le Mot sablier/The Hourglass Word) by Dumitru Tsepeneag The present paper will focus on the translation of a fragmentary bilingual writing. Interested both in his own monolingualism and in the monolingualism of the other (see Derrida 1996, and here mainly the monolingualism of the French reader who should constitute a kind of pseudo-source-audience3), Dumitru Tsepeneag turns his own bilingualism into a topic in his book Cuvîntul nisiparniță (published first in translation as Le Mot sablier in 1984). “This (im)possible appropriation becomes the generating reason of the creation and in the creation, then in the self-translation”; a “writing experience” where the writer cultivates his bilingualism and his biculturalism, and sheds light on the process of translation from a perspective that is at least double: that of the translated42 and self-translated writer, but also that of the translator-writer” (Lungu-Badea 2008, 20). What translation strategy would be appropriate for a book that begins in Romanian and ends in French? We could claim that its destiny is to show how one language replaces another and, consequently, renders translation useless for bilingual users. If this is but an argument for the counter-translation, the French translation, published by the P.O.L. publishing house, does not challenge it. It could respect neither “the psychological intention of the author” (Ladmiral 2006, 140), nor the “semantic intention of the text” (Ladmiral and Lipiansky 1995, 53).
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Ayonghe, Lum Suzanne, and Godson Enowmbi Besong. "Subtitling as a Vector for the Promotion of Bilingualism and Patriotism." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 16, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v16i3.6.
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This paper is aimed at showing that subtitling can be used to foster bilingualism and patriotism in Cameroon. The objectives are to investigate how deeply rooted the practice of audiovisual translation is in local media outlets, focusing on how it can help in promoting bilingualism; promote the use of subtitling in the Cameroonian audiovisual media landscape; and assess the pivotal role of the audiovisual translator in this sector. A sample of 151 persons was used. Questionnaires were administered to respondents and stakeholders were interviewed in two media houses: Hi TV and CRTV. Hi TV is based in an English-speaking region, and CRTV is a State-owned media house and believed to have the widest audience in the country. Findings revealed that subtitling does not only provide TV viewers with information in their second official language, but also enables them to improve on their reading and writing skills, as well as their bilingualism, among others. Subtitling is not advanced in media houses in Cameroon. Recommendations were made to improve on the practice of subtitling in media houses in Cameroon. These include increasing the level of subtitled programmes broadcast on TV stations, raising awareness on the importance of media information access by the hearing impaired; creating an audiovisual translation unit in each TV broadcasting house and recruiting audiovisual translators; voting of laws to make the subtitling of some, if not, all TV programmes broadcast by Cameroonian TV channels mandatory; educating the public on the importance of subtitling by gradually introducing them to viewers through TV programmes, so that their eyes and mind could progressively get used to watching subtitled material and thus avoid total rejection of the subtitles; and training more audiovisual translators in Cameroon.
Key words: Translation, Bilingualism, Patriotism, Vector, Subtitling
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Duyck, Wouter, and Marc Brysbaert. "Semantic Access in Number Word Translation." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 2 (January 2008): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.2.102.
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Abstract. The revised hierarchical model of bilingualism (e.g., Kroll & Stewart, 1994 ) assumes that second language (L2) words primarily access semantics through their first language (L1) translation equivalents. Consequently, backward translation from L2 to L1 should not imply semantic access but occurs through lexical wordform associations. However, recent research with Dutch-French bilinguals showed that both backward and forward translation of number words yields a semantic number magnitude effect ( Duyck & Brysbaert, 2004 ), providing evidence for strong form-to-meaning mappings of L2 number words. In two number-word translation experiments with Dutch-English-German trilinguals, the present study investigated whether semantic access in L1-L2 and L1-L3 number-word translation depends on lexical similarity of the languages involved. We found that backward translation from these more similar language pairs to L1 still yields a semantic magnitude effect, whereas forward translation does not, in contrast with the Dutch-French results of Duyck and Brysbaert (2004) . We argue against a dual route model of word translation and suggest that the degree of semantic activation in translation depends on lexical form overlap between translation equivalents.
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Alexeev, Anatoliy. "Revenons à nos moutons: contrastive linguistics, bilingualism and translation." Nova fìlologìâ, no. 74 (2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2414-1135/2018-74-01.
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Trelles, M. Pilar, and Karen Castro. "Bilingualism in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Finding Meaning in Translation." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 58, no. 11 (November 2019): 1035–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.027.
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Ožbot, Martina. "Bilingualism and Literary (Non-)Translation: The Case of Trieste and Its Hinterland." Meta 59, no. 3 (February 11, 2015): 673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1028663ar.
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This article addresses the question of weak translation activity in bilingual settings. It presents an analysis of the situation in the city of Trieste and its surroundings, where a substantial Slovene minority has lived for centuries alongside the Romance-speaking (mainly Italian) population as well as various other smaller ethnic groups. The Italian and the Slovene communities have had different histories and at various points conflicts between them have arisen, sparked by national issues and complicated further by political circumstances. To a large extent, the two ethnic groups have lived parallel lives, often showing only minimal interest in each other’s culture. This has had an impact on literary translation, the output of which has been rather modest until recently, and often even more so on the reception of translated works – in spite of the city’s rich literature in both Italian and Slovene. This article seeks to identify and explore the nature of this translational relationship, taking into account the underlying social, political, cultural, literary, and linguistic factors. It argues that the situation began to change in the early 1990s when the asymmetries between the two ethnic groups started to diminish and the Slovene culture and language gained greater recognition, which in turn opened new prospects for translation.
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Haddadian-Moghaddam, Esmaeil, and Reine Meylaerts. "Translation policy in the media." Translation Spaces 3 (November 28, 2014): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.3.04had.
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Although Persian is the official language in Iran, legal provisions are available for the use of minority languages in the media. Recent scholarship describes ‘Persianization’ as the ‘building block’ of language policy, overlooking the use of minority languages in official media. This paper examines the scope of this minority language provision in the television programs broadcasted by the state in Kurdistan. It illustrates the use of translation and bilingualism working alongside official monolingualism, calling into question the issue of Persianization. The article first describes the use of non-Persian languages in Iranian state media and shows their proportion vis-a-vis official Persian. Second, it examines the use of Kurdish and the weight of translation in the television programs under study. Advocating translational justice, the paper calls for a clear translation policy and more translation to be offered for programs broadcasted for Kurdish minorities to ensure equal access to media.
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FERRÉ, PILAR, ROSA SÁNCHEZ-CASAS, MONTSERRAT COMESAÑA, and JOSEP DEMESTRE. "Masked translation priming with cognates and noncognates: Is there an effect of words’ concreteness?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 770–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000262.
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In the domain of bilingualism, a main issue of interest has been to determine whether the two languages are shared at a conceptual level and which variables modulate the access to the conceptual system. In this study, we focused on the effects of two variables related to word-type. We tested proficient unbalanced Spanish–English bilinguals in a masked translation priming paradigm conducted in the two translation directions (L1 to L2, and L2 to L1), by orthogonally manipulating for the first time concreteness and cognate status. The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was also manipulated (50 ms vs 100 ms). Results revealed modulations in masked priming effects as a function of cognate status and translation direction. However, the effect of concreteness was only observed at the long SOA. The findings are discussed in light of the most relevant models of bilingual memory, mainly the Distributed Feature Model (de Groot, 1992a).
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Chirsheva, Galina, and Marina Houston. "Interlingual duplicating in the speech of bilingual children." SHS Web of Conferences 88 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208801011.
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Bilinguals of every age sometimes double units of one language with those of the other, especially in the situations where they have to interact with speakers of different languages. Bilingual communication stimulates code-switches, various in their structure and pragmatics. Among them, researchers observe the following phenomena in bilingual children’s speech: a) double morphology, b) translation/interpreting equivalents combinations, and c) self-interpreting. However, the interrelation between structural and semantic/pragmatic aspects, on the one hand, and the developmental characteristics of childhood bilingualism, on the other hand, have been underresearched. The authors of the paper argue that various cases of interlingual duplicating can indicate the balance between the competences of children in their two languages at different stages of their bilingual development. The purpose of the study is to describe structural, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of interlingual duplicating combinations in the speech of two children who acquire Russian and English simultaneously, as well as to find the correlation between their duplications and the development of their bilingualism. The results of the study can be used for the description of childhood bilingualism and the evaluation of bilingual children’s communicative competence in each of their languages and their interpreting abilities at various age stages.
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Belmar, Guillem. "The Role of Translation in the Revitalization Process of Minority Languages: The Case of Basque." Sustainable Multilingualism 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sm-2017-0002.
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Summary All literature reflects the existing discourse in a given community, and translation –as a process of rewriting texts– is a readily accessible tool which linguistic minorities can use to shift power dynamics in their society or, at least, suggest new paradigms and new discourses. In this paper we analyze the key role which translation plays in the cultural systems of minority languages and how translation helps revitalize these languages. The aim of the paper is to defend this key role of translation in the revitalization processes of all minority languages and, at the same time, to highlight the main obstacles one may come across and to try to establish some basic guidelines which may be applied throughout all these processes to maximize their results. Therefore, this paper deals with language standardization, language planning, choice of texts to translate, source languages of the translations, target audience of the translations, diglossia, actual bilingualism, language orientation in translations and the dichotomy between originals written in the language and translations. In order to do so, we will first picture the theoretical frame upon which this paper is based and we will go on to discuss translation into Basque. Finally, we will establish a set of guidelines for other minority languages.
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Sabljo, Mirna Sindičić. "Beckett’s bilingualism, self-translation and the translation of his texts into the Croatian language." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 4 (June 15, 2011): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2011.4.12.
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Bakoumenko, O., and O. Aleksanyan. "CREATIVE BILINGUALISM AND AUTHOR'S TRANSLATION: OBSERVATIONS| ON V. NABOKOV'S LEXICONS." East European Scientific Journal 3, no. 7(71) (August 11, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.3.71.102.
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The purpose of this article is to compare the “heavenly” vocabulary used in the English and Russian texts of the same work in the conditions of the author's translation from the point of view of the writer's bilingualism and the problems of the theory and practice of translation. The main part of the article is a comparative analysis of the lists of lexemes of the "sky" cluster, selected from "Speak, Memory" and «Другие берега»; the study of the syntagmatic connections of sky/небо and their synonyms that characterize the sky in two cultural and linguistic codes of Nabokov, and a comparison of the source and translated contexts containing lexemes sky/небо. The scientific value of the work consists in the fact that the original lexicographic methods of the Kursk school of linguistic folklore study are applied to the proposed empirical material for the first time: the cluster approach, methods of concordance compression and application of dictionary entries. As a result, it is proved that when switching from English to Russian, V. Nabokov departs from his own principle of literal translation.
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Nour, Soudabeh, Esli Struys, and Helene Stengers. "Adaptive control in interpreters: Assessing the impact of training and experience on working memory." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728920000127.
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AbstractThe adaptive control hypothesis predicts adaptation of control mechanisms as a response to intensive language use in bilinguals. The present study aims to investigate this hypothesis in two memory experiments with professional and student interpreters. In experiment 1, we compared a group of interpreting students to translation students using a reading span task to test working memory (WM) and a digit span task to test short-term memory (STM). In experiment 2, we added a group of professional interpreters and compared them with the participants in experiment 1. Training-related improvement was found for WM but not for STM, with no differences between both student groups. Professional interpreters with over 20 years of interpreting experience showed better performance than translation students but not than interpreting students both on WM and STM. The results are discussed in light of the framework of interpreting as a type of extreme bilingualism.
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POULIN-DUBOIS, DIANE, OLIVIA KUZYK, JACQUELINE LEGACY, PASCAL ZESIGER, and MARGARET FRIEND. "Translation equivalents facilitate lexical access in very young bilinguals – CORRIGENDUM." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000354.
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In this article a reference was published incorrectly. The correct reference is as follows:-Deanda, S., Hendrickson, K., Zesiger, P., Poulin-Dubois, D., & Friend, M. (2017). Lexical access in the second year: a study of monolingual and bilingual vocabulary development. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(2), 314–327.
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Denisova, E. A. "TO THE QUESTION OF LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN THE ANGLOPHONE LITERARY TEXT." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-2-251-257.
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The study of bilingualism problems (code switching, language interference, foreign language insertions) is traditionally considered as a single interdisciplinary interaction: cognitive science, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, etc. and serves as a necessary basis for solving problems in the second language acquisition. Translation problems, language specificity of literary text also make up a single interface. The article considers the interrelation of the phenomena "author's bilingualism" and "language interference" on the material of the English-language literary text. The author of the analyzed work uses foreign language insertions to perform certain functions in the creation of multilingual speech situations, the transfer of national color, to create a certain atmosphere in the text, as an emphatic means, and also to indicate a variable form of discourse. Individual author's bilingualism is considered as a kind of bilingualism from the point of view of the literary text, as well as from the standpoint of the literary context of the bilingual personality of the writer. In this particular case, the biography and oeuvre of D. Fowles represent his bilingualism and language interference.
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Kubińska, Olga. "From „neither this nor that” to „a stereoscopic and stereophonic attitude to the world”: writers’ attitude to bilingualism." Tekstualia 3, no. 46 (July 4, 2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4199.
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The article examines the problem of bilingualism from a diachronic perspective in the context of the contribution of current cultural theories (gender, postcolonial) to the perception of multilingualism in contemporary culture. A distinct issue in this research is compulsory bilingualism caused by the Holocaust and involuntary resettlement processes resulting from political harassment. The article also emphasizes the import of cultural anthropology, cognitive sciences and the sociology of translation into the redefi nition of the very notion of bilingualism and the infl uence of this phenomenon on such remote from literature spheres as therapy. Refl ection on bilingualism is largely dependent on the intellectual capacity of the bilingual authors conducting self-analysis. The cases of Eva Hoffman and Anna Wierzbicka provide more than adequate evidence which signifi cantly complements the testimony of philosophers, such as trilingual George Steiner, and bilingual writers, such as Conrad, Nabokov or Brodsky. Finally, it should be added that globalization favors bilingualism among authors but often also provides the rationale for choosing a less popular language as a means of expression.
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Rahayu, Dwi Ide. "Early Mixing in Bilingual Children: A Psycholinguistics View." Tell : Teaching of English Language and Literature Journal 6, no. 1 (February 2, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/tell.v6i1.2080.
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Most studies on Bilinguals First Language Acquisition (BFLA) are concerned with giving explanation for language mixing in young bilinguals. It is commonly stated that language mixing in children has to be interpreted as evidence for confusions in the bilingual’s language acquisition, in the sense that the two languages are not acquired separately but start out as a single system. In other words, it is in contrast to adults’ code-switching. In this article, early mixing in bilingual children is explored based on psycholinguistics view. This article will first discuss the language acquisition, then the theories and assumptions on bilingualism in early childhood, and last the early mixing in bilingual children. According to the review of related literature, it can be inferred that from psycholinguistics view, language mixing cannot indicate the bilingual children’s lack of ability to differentiate the two language system. Spontaneous translation employed by the bilingual children shows that bilingual awareness and language differentiation is possible at an early stage. Bilingual infants can do language mixing as an evidence of their meta-linguistic awareness and language differentiation. As language mixing may be a good indicator of bilingual fluency, we can say that children who become bilingual in their early childhood will reach their fluency in the two languages by doing language mixing according to the two languages they have acquired.
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Poon Wai-Yee, Emily. "The Translation of Judgments." Meta 51, no. 3 (September 21, 2006): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013559ar.
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Abstract This paper advocates the adoption of a plain language approach in the translation of judgments. The front-line objective is to gradually develop among legal practitioners the consciousness of using Chinese as a legal language, whether it is for judgment writing or for use as the trial language. While the pilot project on the translation of case law launched by the Subcommittee on the Translation of Case Precedents was a good attempt to boost the translation incentive, it exposed a number of problems in legal translation as yet unsolved. This paper explores potential solutions to these problems, including studying the syntactic differences between English and Chinese, the employment of common Chinese usages, and the application of legal knowledge, among others. This paper argues that legal bilingualism in courts will not be fully achieved if the problems of writing or understanding judgments persist.
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Rizzo, Alessandra. "Translation and Bilingualism in Monica Ali’s and Jhumpa Lahiri’s Marginalized Identities." Text Matters, no. 2 (December 4, 2012): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10231-012-0069-0.
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This study, drawing upon contemporary theories in the field of migration, postcolonialism, and translation, offers an analysis of literary works by Monica Ali (of Bangladeshi origins) and Jhumpa Lahiri (of Bengali Indian parents). Ali and Lahiri epitomize second-generation immigrant literature, play with the linguistic concept of translating and interpreting as forms of hybrid connections, and are significant examples of how a text may become a space where multi-faceted identities co-habit in a process of deconstructing and reconstructing their own sense of emplacement in non-native places. Each immigrant text becomes a hybrid site, where second- and third generations of immigrant subjects move as mobile, fluctuating and impermanent identities, caught up in the act of transmitting their bicultural and bilingual experience through the use of the English language as their instrument of communication in a universe which tends to marginalize them. This investigation seeks to demonstrate how Ali and Lahiri represent two different migrant experiences, Muslim and Indian, each of which functioning within a multicultural Anglo-American context. Each text is transformed into the lieu where identities become both identities-intranslation and translated identities and each text itself may be looked at as the site of preservation of native identities but also of the assimilation (or adaptation) of identity. Second-generation immigrant women writers become the interpreters of the old and new cultures, the translators of their own local cultures in a space of transition.
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LÓPEZ, BELEM G., and JYOTSNA VAID. "FácilorA piece of cake: Does variability in bilingual language brokering experience affect idiom comprehension?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000086.
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Compared to studies of the effects of formal training in translation, little is known about the psycholinguistic impact of the experience of informal translation, or language brokering. The present study examined this issue in the context of idiom comprehension. Bilingual adults differing in prior brokering experience read English idioms and judged whether target words presented in English or Spanish were related to the idiom's meaning. For brokers, relatedness judgments were not affected by whether the targets were in the same or different language as the idiom; however, non-brokers were faster for same-language than different-language idiom-target pairings. The findings suggest that language brokering experience facilitates idiom meaning comprehension even across language boundaries, with further differences related to idiom decomposability. More generally, the findings underscore the importance of considering systematic sources of variability in language practice among bilinguals, aside from differences related to proficiency, in theorizing effects associated with bilingualism.
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Zlotnik, Anastasiia, and Zoya Getman. "Interlingual Interference of Unrelated Languages: Spanish and English." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 39 (2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.11.
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The article is devoted to the description of interlingual interference in Spanishspeaking countries on the example of the phenomenon of “Spanglish”. The article outlines the content of language interference and bilingualism. The definition of the term “language interference” is given. The concept of Spanglish is specified and the main characteristics of the studied phenomenon are presented. The causes, content, and consequences of the formation of the “Spanglish” phenomenon are singled out. The main models of functioning of the phenomenon on the material of dialogic speech of Spanish and English-speaking students, Internet resources, literary and film works are revealed. The geographical areas most prone to the formation, spread and popularization of the phenomenon of “Spanglish” are outlined. In the end of the research we came to the conclusion that because translation is an integral part of intercultural communication, interference in this case is the result of bilingualism (or multilingualism) of the translator with a subsequent impact on the translation process – often negative. The problem of interference is considered in the framework of language contacts, when a person who speaks two languages violates the rules of correlation of these languages. Languages interact with each other, resulting not only in the borrowing of language units, but also the convergence of languages as a whole. We figured out that the main reason and condition for the manifestation of interference is bilingualism/multilingualism and linguistic contact. The place of manifestation of interference is the bilingual himself or the person who performs the translation, when he tries to compensate some linguistic units with units from another language, which can involuntarily lead to literalism, accent and distortion of the meaning of the original text. We found out what are the methods of overcoming unwanted interference, as well as what a teacher can do at school or university to prevent the introduction of signs of speech interference in students’ speech.
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Rua, Colleen. "El Poder y Educación: Bilingualism and Translation in the American Musical." Delos: A Journal of Translation and World Literature 35, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/delos.2020.1005.
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Bethea, David M. "Brodsky's and Nabokov's Bilingualism(s): Translation, American Poetry, and the Muttersprache." Russian Literature 37, no. 2-3 (February 1995): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3479(95)90633-u.
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Angelelli, Claudia V. "A professional ideology in the making." Translation and Interpreting Studies 5, no. 1 (April 27, 2010): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.5.1.06ang.
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Research on circumstantial bilinguals who become young interpreters for their families and communities contributes to our understanding of the life experiences of individuals who begin to interpret early in their lives. With the exception of early work on young interpreters and recent historical work on translation and interpreting, very little has been written about the lived experiences of interpreters and/or about the development of such exceptional types of bilingualism. When a family of Latino immigrants settles in America and the parents do not speak the societal language, it is often the case that young bilinguals act as language interpreters, brokering communication and advocating for their families’ needs. The ways in which these circumstantial bilinguals go about mediating communicative needs reveal much about these youngsters’ abilities. While interpreting for their families, young interpreters develop a sense of how to be linguistic advocates between speakers of minority languages and a society that struggles to accommodate the communicative needs of its members. In multilingual and diverse societies, it is imperative that the linguistic talents of young bilinguals be fostered and enhanced.
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Van Hulle, Dirk, and Pim Verhulst. "Beckett’s Collaborative Translations in the 1950s." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd’hui 30, no. 1 (March 9, 2018): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-03001002.
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Abstract In the 1950s, Samuel Beckett worked together with a number of writer-translators on English, French and German versions of his novels and plays. This article studies the material traces of these collaborations to analyse the collaborations as a crucial phase in a 4-step process toward a poetics of bilingualism, consisting of (1) writing in another language, (2) collaborating on the translations, (3) eventually giving preference to self-translation, and (4) finally presenting his work as a bilingual oeuvre. Beckett also appears to have played a greater part in his German translations than hitherto assumed, which calls for a reassessment of Beckett’s “trilingual” engagement with his work in the development of a “bilingual” poetics.
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Al-Sofi, Bakr Bagash Mansour Ahmed, and Hassan Abouabdulqader. "Bridging the gap between translation and culture: towards a cultural dimension of translation." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n1.795.
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This study investigates the significance of culture to the translation process. It tackles the prior call that being bilingual is enough for translation, neglecting the importance of culture for creative translation. This descriptive and analytical study is based on the semantic approach, following Ghazala's (2008) and Nida's (1964) theories of translation. It depends on textual analysis of culturally-laden collocations in some common terms, expressions, idioms, and proverbs. It was confirmed that culture is at the heart of translation as the two are inextricably interdependent. Furthermore, successful translation necessarily entails a profound understanding of the cultural context of the text, which leads to the successful transmission of the intended meaning. It is recommended that the traditional approach that bilingualism is enough for good translation should be reconsidered, and that translation programs designers and translators should give culture its due place in the translation process.
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Annoni, Jean-Marie, Hannelore Lee-Jahnke, and Annegret Sturm. "Neurocognitive Aspects of Translation." La traduction : formation, compétences, recherches 57, no. 1 (October 10, 2012): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012743ar.
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Translation is at the centre of many cognitive domains such as pedagogy, linguistic, pragmatic, neurosciences, and social cognition. This multi-domain aspect is reflected in the current models of translation. Recently, cognitive neurosciences have unraveled some brain mechanisms in the bilingualism domain, and it is quite logical to transfer such knowledge to the field of translation as well as the learning of translation. One interesting question is which non-linguistic cognitive and communicative processes are particularly involved in translation. Particularly, in translation, the author’s intentions have to be interpreted although they may not be explicitly stated in the text. These intentions have to be considered while rendering the text for the target public, a process for which it is also important to anticipate the target public’s prior knowledge of the subject and the extent to which the author’s aims and intentions have to be adapted in order to be correctly communicated in the other language. In neuroscience, being able to imagine another person’s mental state is known as having a Theory of Mind (ToM). This skill seems dissociated from the group of executive functions – though it is very dependent on the latter – and seems to rely on a large but individualized brain network. While translation is a widely investigated phenomenon at the micro-level, there is scarcely any research about the process of interpretation going on at the macro-level of text interpretation and rendering. Preliminary neuroscience experiments on the translations paradigm suggest that neurosciences can bring interesting data not only to linguistic but also to cognitive and social mechanisms of translation strategies.
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AL-TAMEEMI, Farkad Abdulrahman Mahmood. "The impact of language contact in a bilingual translation class." Al-Adab Journal, no. 129 (June 15, 2019): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i129.584.
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This effort focuses exclusively on the realization of the phenomenon of language contact and the impact it has on the language behavior of users. Each two languages, or more, by one way or another may get into a contact situation when they are alternately used by the same person. Among the situations where both languages would be exposed to contact that of the translation class covered by this study. The present effort highlights the example of French and Arabic languages used alternatively by university level translator-learners, specifically by third year students.
After having shown the aspects of bilingualism related to the subject, and following a corpus elaborated to trace the source of the problem, being the realization of the contact of languages in the class concerned, we notice that the phenomenon is actually realized and that negative impacts are seen in the production of the translator-students as to the translating activity. In this respect, all the gaps in the pedagogical situation are identified and effective solutions are therefore proposed in order to cope with the linguistic problems which hinder any progress made by the translator-students. It is a matter of establishing measures to avoid, or at least reduce, the negative impact resulting from the meeting of two different linguistic systems, which affects the performance of translators in the process of learning.
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Manasterska-Wiącek, Edyta. "O wyzwaniach, przed jakimi staje tłumacz literatury dla dzieci." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 1 (51) (March 15, 2021): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.51.04.
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On Challenges Faced by Translators of Children’s Literature
The aim of the article was to investigate the effect of the translation solutions applied in the Polish translation of V. Garshin’s Lyagushka-puteshestvennica fable on the child addressee. The article starts with an overview of characteristic features of text recipient (prior knowledge, attitudes and values, limited bilingualism and biculturalism), referring them to the childad dressee with the consideration of readers belonging to different cultures. Due to limited knowledge and awareness of children (as compared to the adult reader), the linguistic solutions applied in the translation acquire a different perspective – they are closely connected with the recognition of the known and the unknown by the child, regardless of one’s own culture.The analysis shows that the differences in the precision of rendering the cognitive and emotional value of the text as well as disregarding key elements of the original text by the translator can easily distort the reception of the investigated text by the child recipient.
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Archibald, James. "The Pragmatics of Professionalism: Translation and Interpretation in Puerto Rico and Quebec." Meta 42, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001900ar.
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Abstract This article discusses the impact of official language policy on translation following the adoption of a 1993 law establishing Spanish/English bilingualism in Porto Rico. Using Quebec's official language legislation as an example, the author studies the possible long-lasting effects of language policy on the national and economic developemnt of Puerto Rico.
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House, Juliane. "Towards a new linguistic-cognitive orientation in translation studies." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.05hou.
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A new linguistic-cognitive orientation in translation studies is important today because it can complement the current strong wave of socially and culturally oriented research into and around translation. For balance, it is also necessary and insightful to describe and explain how strategies of comprehending, decisionmaking and re-verbalisation come about in a translator’s bilingual mind. In this paper I sketch some ideas about such a new linguistic-cognitive approach. I first review introspective and retrospective studies and behavioural experiments. Secondly, I assess the value of neuro-linguistic studies for translation. Thirdly, I suggest a new combination of a translation theory and a neuro-functional theory of bilingualism.
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Poon Wai-Yee, Emily. "The Right of Abode Issue: Its Implication on Translation." Meta 47, no. 2 (August 30, 2004): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008010ar.
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Abstract This paper explores the limitations on legal translation strategy by looking at the right of abode issue in Hong Kong—the very first case in which the role of interpretation was argued since the return of sovereignty to China in 1997. The different approaches to interpreting the mini-constitution, the Basic Law, by the Court of Final Appeal, the Hong Kong Government and the Central Authorities as well as public opinion on the issue will leave translators with no choice but to translate a text that carries terms with open interpretation as literally as possible so as not to affect the substance of the original text. This paper also discusses the strategy of translating a judgement made by a legal body. Legal bilingualism should enable the general public to understand the law to a greater extent than they previously did. A user-friendly approach to translation will accelerate the assimilation of the common law into the Chinese culture and language.
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Halverson, Sandra L. "Cognitive Translation Studies and the merging of empirical paradigms." Culture & Society issue 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 310–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.4.2.07hal.
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The current reintroduction of the concept of ‘literal translation’ is an important development for two main reasons. Firstly, it has led to a range of intriguing empirical findings. Secondly, this revival exemplifies a more profound development in the field. This paper argues that the trajectory of this concept is one example of how cognitively oriented explanatory models are driving an integration of product- and process-based approaches to translational phenomena. In order to better understand this development and to investigate its potential to change Translation Studies, the paper first provides a brief historical overview and then proceeds to decompose the concept into key constituent parts. Two constituent concepts will be used as the basis for identifying the alternative ways in which product and process-oriented approaches have studied the same phenomenon. As a way of moving forward, pertinent theoretical tools from bilingualism research are identified, and concluding remarks focus on implications for the field.
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Piccinini, Livio Clemente, Mario Taverna, Margherita Ting Fa Chang, and Giovanni Tubaro. "Perception, Connotation, Translation of Numbers." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 17, 2015): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2015vol3.374.
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<p><em>The purpose</em><em> of the note is to discuss the translation of the numbers from one language to another in order to retain their meaning (in this case it is easy) and to preserve their connotations (and this is the hard part, as in every translation). The lexical system of numbers is an excellent laboratory to study the semiotic phenomena of hypocoding and hypercoding at an intermediate level of complexity, that does not avoid the problems but still allows rigorous solutions. This problem takes a well-defined role in the two sections dedicated to perception and connotations, when some numbers assume the role of hypernyms similar to adjectives "some, many, too many". The various languages do not use the same system of hypernyms, so the translation, beyond the literal meaning, requires a particular knowledge, typical of bilingualism.</em></p>
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de Groot, Annette M. B., and Hannie Comijs. "Translation Recognition and Translation Production: Comparing a New and an Old Tool in the Study of Bilingualism." Language Learning 45, no. 3 (September 1995): 467–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1995.tb00449.x.
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He, Yan, and Shu Jin Wang. "The Application and Study on Intelligent Real-Time Machine Translation Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1695.
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Based on the research on correlation technique at home and abroad, this thesis implements a term automatic intelligent real-time translation system in patent documents translation of English-Chinese. Through the analysis of noun terms in a large number of bilingualism corpuses, the source language terms need to be reordered firstly. And then the n-best candidates can be obtained after being translated by Moses. At last, the best result is chosen according to scoring the n-best result again.
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Kaufmann, Judith. "The darkened glass of bilingualism? Translation and interpreting in Welsh language planning." Translation Studies 5, no. 3 (September 2012): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2012.701942.
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Nefedova, Liliya, and Ekaterina Krasnopeyeva. "English-Russian Hybrid Words in Translated Text: On Linguistic Interference and Norms of Translation." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 4 (December 2020): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.4.8.
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The article discusses the influence of Russian-English functional bilingualism of IT and tech specialists on the formation of translation norms in the corresponding field. The research is carried out within the framework of sociology of translation and descriptive approach in translation studies. It investigates the patterns in the usage of hybrid lexemes combining Russian and English graphemes, e.g. IoT-устройство (IoT-device), API-интерфейс (API-interface) and Open Source-приложение (open source application) in translations. Methodologically, the study resorts to the theoretical stance of sociology of translation, namely the concepts of translation norm, represented in the works by G. Toury and A. Chesterman, translator's habitus and the field of translation, as well as corpus-based methodology. It utilizes a comparable corpus of translated and non-translated articles published by Russian IT business magazines itWeek, Computerworld and Novosti Elektroniki (Electronics News) in 2017. Hybrids are shown to be more common in non-translated text, which can be viewed as an aspect of the expectancy norm. Qualitative study revealed the following patterns in hybrid usage in translation. Most of the hybrids used in translation are the direct result of the transfer of original English analytical structures. Hybrids are also used in translation as part of pragmatic positive interference, which shows the translator's reliance on the recipient's extensive background knowledge of the subject, as well as command of the English language. Interference, both positive and negative, is argued to be the aspect of the expectancy norm present in the field of technology-oriented media translation.
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Pym, Anthony. "Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age. In Defence of a Minimalist Approach." Meta 48, no. 4 (August 6, 2004): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008533ar.
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Abstract Since the 1970s the notion of “translation competence” has been viewed as at least 1) a mode of bilingualism, open to linguistic analysis, 2) a question of market demands, given to extreme historical and social change, 3) a multicomponent competence, involving sets of skills that are linguistic, cultural, technological and professional, and 4) a “supercompetence” that would somehow stand above the rest. The general trend among theorists has been to expand the multicomponent model so as to bring new skills and proficiencies into the field of translator training. This trend may be expected to continue with the increasing use of electronic tools. Here it is argued, however, that the multicomponential expansions of competence are partly grounded in institutional interests and are conceptually flawed in that they will always be one or two steps behind market demands. On the other hand, a simple minimalist concept of translation competence, based on the production then elimination of alternatives, can help orient translator training in times of rapid technological and professional change.
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Rottet, Kevin J. "Translation and contact languages." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 523–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.4.04rot.
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In this study we use a translation corpus of English novels translated into two closely related Celtic languages, Welsh and Breton, as one way of shedding light on the extent to which languages can influence each other over time: Welsh has a long history of contact with English, and Breton with French. Ever since the work of Leonard Talmy (1991, 2000 etc.), linguists have recognized that languages fall into a small number of types with respect to how they prefer to talk about motion events. English is a good exemplar of the satellite-framed type, whereas French exemplifies the verb-framed type. Translation scholars have observed that translating between languages of two different types raises interesting questions (Slobin 2005; Cappelle 2012), and the topic is also of interest from the perspective of language contact: is it possible for a language of one type, in a situation of prolonged and intense bilingualism with a language of another type, to be influenced or perhaps even to change its own rhetorical preferences? The translation corpus provides a body of data which holds constant the starting point – the cue in each case was an English motion event in the source text. We do indeed find that Welsh and Breton have diverged in important ways in terms of their preferences for encoding motion events: Breton is revealed to have moved significantly in the direction of French with respect to these preferences.