Dissertations / Theses: 'Bilingual policy'

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Lewis, Dorothy. "Federal public policy and bilingual education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1088.

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This paper is divided into four chapters. Chapter one presents an introduction and overview of the nature of the problem, its significance and implication for public policy, and a presentation of the research design and methodology. Chapter two reviews the historical and legal background of bilingual education policy. Chapter three presents a literature review of bilingual education policy making, and examines the impacts and effects of federal aid in practice. Chapter four provides a summary of survey findings and recommendations for reform of the funding criteria for Title VII ESEA bilingual education grants.

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Dixon, Kathryn V. "Framing Bilingual Education Policy: Articulation and Implementation in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699899/.

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Language education policy and its implementation have been controversial and ongoing issues throughout the United States, especially in the border state of Texas, with its large population of students who are learning English. This dissertation reports two studies, the first of which was a frame analysis of problems and solutions as represented by the five bills amending the Texas Education Code with regard to bilingual education and English as a second language programs. These laws, passed in 1969, 1973, 1975, 1981, and 2001, have been enacted since 1968, the year the Bilingual Education Act (BEA) was passed. The problem framed consistently by these state policy documents was inadequate instruction for children who come to school speaking languages other than English. More variability was seen in the framing of solutions, with approaches changing from the authorization of instruction in languages other than English, to the establishment of mandated bilingual programs, to the extension of special language programs, and to the establishment of dual language immersion programs. The primary ideology influencing the policy documents was the monolingual English ideology; however, alternative ideologies are apparent in the policies that allow for dual language immersion programs. Geographic information systems (GIS) analysis was used in the second study to investigate the geographic locations of particular programs and the demographics of students they served. Choropleth maps showed variability in program distribution across the state with distinct patterns apparent in only two programs. The maps indicated that districts with high percentages of student enrollment in one-way dual language programs tended to be located in and near the major metropolitan areas, whereas many districts offering early exit transitional bilingual programs tended to be located along the Texas-Mexico border. Despite the literature on bilingual/ESL program effectiveness, the predominant program in the border region of Texas is among those considered least beneficial to students learning English. This pair of studies illustrates the influence of monolingual English ideology on educational practice and policy through the implementation of programs by districts as well as the framing of bilingual education in legislation.

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Ibáñez, Victoria Marie. "DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION, REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY AND BILINGUAL EDUCATION POLICY: EXAMINING IMPLEMENTATION." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/161.

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In this study, I examine the factors that influence school districts’ commitment to implement ESL (English as a Second Language) education in compliance with the federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968. To explain variation in implementation effort, I focus on several features of the local implementation environment, including the role of Latino descriptive representation. Utilizing data on all public school districts in Texas, I employ a Heckman two-stage estimation procedure that accounts for factors that influence school districts’ decisions to implement bilingual education programs as well as factors that affect the amount of resources school districts are willing to allocate towards bilingual education. The results indicate that Latino school board and teacher representation play a positive and statistically significant role in determining: 1) whether school districts implement bilingual education programs; and 2) the level of expenditures and teacher positions allocated towards bilingual education. Thus, policy implementation outcomes translate into substantive representation.

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Patrick, Andrew P. "Educator Evaluation and Bilingual Education Policy| A Three Article Dissertation." Thesis, Manhattanville College, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10642032.

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The time between the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and its replacement, the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015, marked a period of unprecedented policy-driven education reform. Unfortunately, the major objectives of the policy were not achieved, and the very problems it sought to fix still exist. One reason for this was an overreliance on testing and test scores as a lever for change. This study’s purpose was to explore the ways in which an educational leader could bring the tools of the practitioner-scholar to bear on public policy problems worth solving. This research question was addressed through three distinct, but interconnected, articles that utilized different methodologies. The first demonstrated the application of the tools of public policy analysis to bilingual education policy at the federal, state, and local levels. The second critiqued New York State’s student growth model used in the Annual Professional Performance Review (APPR) using quantitative methods. The third analyzed the broader APPR policy and sought to address its many shortcomings by proposing a new, viable policy alternative for consideration by policymakers. The major implications of this study include a strong caution against the use of standardized tests of student achievement to measure progress toward policy goals, a demonstration of the importance of identifying and applying criteria to assess public education policies, and a recognition of educational leaders as important actors in the policy making process.

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Ortega-Etcheverry, Ane. "Micro-family language policy at work in a Spanish-English bilingual family." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499077.

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Harrison, Michelle. "Managing France's regional languages : language policy in bilingual primary education in Alsace." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/11315/.

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The introduction of regional language bilingual education in France dates back to the late 1960s in the private education system and to the 1980s in the public system. Before this time the extensive use of regional languages was forbidden in French schools, which served as ‘local centres for the gallicisation of France’ (Blackwood 2008, 28). France began to pursue a French-only language policy from the time of the 1789 Revolution, with Jacobin ideology proposing that to be French, one must speak French. Thus began the shaping of France into a nation-state. As the result of the official language policy that imposed French in all public domains, as well as extra-linguistic factors such as the Industrial Revolution and the two World Wars, a significant language shift occurred in France during the twentieth century, as an increasing number of parents chose not to pass on their regional language to the next generation. In light of the decline in intergenerational transmission of the regional languages, Judge (2007, 233) concludes that ‘in the short term, everything depends on education in the [regional languages]’. This thesis analyses the development of language policy in bilingual education programmes in Alsace; Spolsky’s tripartite language policy model (2004), which focuses on language management, language practices and language beliefs, will be employed. In spite of the efforts of the State to impose the French language, in Alsace the traditionally non-standard spoken regional language variety, Alsatian, continued to be used widely until the mid-twentieth century. Whilst Alsatian has been spoken, the traditional language of writing and reference has been standard German. Today Alsace is a region of north eastern France, but it has existed under the political control of Germany for prolonged periods of time in the past, changing hands between the two countries five times between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Since the mid-twentieth century a significant language shift away from Alsatian has occurred in the region, with estimates that over 90% spoke the language variety in 1946 in comparison with only 43% of the population in 2012 (OLCA 2012a). Regional language bilingual education programmes were introduced in Alsace in the early 1990s in the private and public education systems. In both systems the language-in-education policy supported has primarily promoted the learning of and through French and standard German. The case study that forms the central part of the thesis seeks to examine current language policy in practice. It will analyse the place of Alsatian in the modern regional language bilingual classroom and examine the language beliefs of the key actors in the bilingual education programmes (namely parents, teachers and policy-makers at regional level). Finally, it will discuss what this means for efforts to reverse the language shift in twenty-first-century Alsace.

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Liu, Sherry. "Effectiveness of a University Bilingual Degree Program Among Overseas Chinese." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5497.

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The language and communication skills of foreign students have long been a concern in U.S. universities. The majority of U.S. universities require foreign students for whom English is not their native language to take English language proficiency tests such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as part of admission requirements. Some universities have included interventions to increase the success of Chinese students against their struggle to understand English course content. One such program is the Gateway to Successful Tomorrow Bilingual Degree Program (GST). The gap to be addressed on this study was that the effectiveness of GST has not been formally evaluated among foreign students particularly overseas Chinese students studying at U.S. universities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the GST among overseas Chinese students studying at U.S. universities as measured through students' grade point averages (GPA) and TOEFL scores. The theoretical framework that guided this study was the Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The quantitative study used a causal comparative design to gather quantitative data from student achievement records and TOEFL scores. Pearson's correlation analysis and analysis of variance were conducted to predict if underlying relationships exist among variables. Key findings of the analyses showed that GST students had a significantly higher GPA than non-GST student. However, results also indicated that there was no evidence that the GST program significantly improved TOEFL scores. The GST program had an overall positive impact on the international Chinese students' academic performance and with continued research international students stand to gain even more from this program.

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Arthur, Johan Isabel. "Policy, practices and pedagogies : a case study of language in Botswana primary classrooms." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282371.

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Plüddemann, Peter. "Language policy from below : Bilingual education and heterogeneity in post-apartheid South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-87229.

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The present thesis on bilingual education, with its foci on linguistic heterogeneity and language policy 'from below', covers the first 15 years in the officially multilingual new South Africa. The post-apartheid era has seen South Africa's pro-multilingual Constitution and the language-in-education policy for schools being sidelined in favour of an English-oriented mindset. The subversion of the policy's additive bi/multilingual intent in favour of a replacive 'English-as-target-language' approach indexes a collusion between the political class and the African-language speaking majority, and has been accompanied by systemic underachievement. While the linguistic market beyond school is not necessarily unified in its monolingual habitus, choices for the poor are constrained by a lack of alternatives. Within the implementational spaces afforded by the policy environment, groups such as Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa (PRAESA) have attempted to demonstrate an alternative approach that valorised mother-tongue-based bilingual education. These alternative education initiatives (1995-2009) form the substance of the five published pieces in the present portfolio, capped by the summative thesis. They were written while the author was still a member of PRAESA, and collectively address topics such as language policy initiatives 'from below', the role of surveys in gauging language behaviour and creating language awareness, a multilingual training of trainers programme for southern Africa, a bilingual teacher in-service programme foregrounding different teacher identities in relation to policy realisation, and a classification system for schools by language medium that factors in mother tongues while making allowance for linguistic heterogeneity. The thesis reflects critically on the prevailing monoglossic language ideology informing these studies, and suggests the need for a heteroglossic approach oriented to language as a resource.

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Asakura, Naomi. "Language Policy and Bilingual Education for Immigrant Students at Public Schools in Japan." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2519.

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This thesis discusses the current Japanese language (nihongo) education for immigrant students at public schools in Japan and provides recommendations through the study of language policy and the comparison of bilingual education in the United States. The current situation of a decreasing birth rate and increasing aging population in Japan has led to the acceptance of more foreign workers. Due to this change, language education in Japan has increasing development. The focus of chapter 1 is on the theories of language policy. This paper particularly focuses on the ideas of Wright (2004), Neustupný (2006), Spolsky (2004), and Cooper (1989), and discusses similarities and differences between them. By applying these theories to language policy in Japan, chapter 1 shows how language policy changed throughout Japanese history. Chapter 2 discusses the current environment surrounding immigrant students. It includes a description not only of the expanding population of foreign students, but also the history of Japanese language education and the laws related to it. This chapter also presents the present movement of language policy in Japan and how the movement affects Japanese language education for language minority students. Chapter 3 compares bilingual education in the United States to bilingual education in Japan, and makes three suggestions to improve Japanese language education at public schools in Japan, particularly addressing the classification of language levels for immigrant students, teaching styles, and the limitation of qualified bilingual teachers.

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Lopez, Francesca. "Educational Policy and Scholastic Competence Among English Language Learners." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193881.

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In this study, I explore the potential impact of differing educational policies and reform efforts that influence state and federal standards-based assessments and their interpretations. Specifically, I examine the educational policies of Arizona (Structured English Immersion [SEI]) and Texas (bilingual education) for their effect on the belief systems of students, parents, and teachers. I also examine the role of identity and language in the motivation to learn and student disposition toward school among English Language Learners (ELLs). In support of a co-regulation model of emerging identity, acculturation, acculturative stress, and student perceptions of scholastic competence, student disposition toward school, and student motivational dynamics contributed to the accurate prediction of 77.5% of the participants' group membership in either SEI or bilingual education. ELLs in bilingual education had higher perceptions of scholastic competence than ELLs in SEI (d = .54). Four types of dispositions toward school, Pride in Achieving, Participation and Belonging, Literacy, and Math, were higher for ELLs in bilingual education than for ELLs in SEI. Contrary to the hypothesized results, however, there were no differences in the Rigid and Right disposition between ELLs in SEI and bilingual education. In reference to motivation, scores on Disengaged and Distracting were higher for ELLs in SEI (Arizona) than for ELLs in bilingual programs (Texas). However, contrary to the hypotheses, Good Worker/Engaged Learner, and Struggling and Persistent were higher for ELLs in SEI than for ELLs in bilingual programs. I conclude by discussing the potential impact of differing educational policies and reform efforts on the belief systems of ELLs, their parents, and teachers.

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Linton, April. "Spanish for Americans? : the politics of bilingualism in the United States /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8857.

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Lesmez, Karen. "The enactment of the bilingual special education law in Illinois, Public act 87-0995 : an analysis of the policy process /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Ohyama, Masayo. "Japanese Mother Tongue Program in an International School| A Case Study." Thesis, Fordham University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10690149.

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In international schools, a range (75–80%) of students is non-native English speakers. However, many of these schools do not offer mother tongue (MT) programs to these students. These globally mobile students’ MT proficiency levels depend on whether or not their school offers an MT program. As a result, MT teachers must teach students who possess a wide range of proficiency levels in their MT. This study applied the lens of sociocultural theory to provide more complete description of the Japanese MT program in an international school including the school’s organization, language policy, and MT curriculum development. Rather than just describe instructional MT practices, this single case study examined the educational context of the school and the Japanese MT program by conducting semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and documents in this international school offering an International Baccalaureate Diplomat Program (IBDP). The findings of this study were (a) a lack of written language policy, (b) a lack of common curriculum, (c) a lack of curriculum cohesion, (d) the Japanese MT language program offering combination of the day- school curriculum in grades 7–10 and the after-school curriculum in grades K-6, and (e) differentiated instruction implemented by the three Japanese teachers to the students who have different MT proficiency levels. Although international schools have a commitment to rich language development, they still need to reflect on how to improve the language curriculum including strengthening the organization structure of MT instruction and enhancing the curriculum cohesion of MT instruction across grade levels.

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Dunmore, Stuart. "Bilingual life after school? : language use, ideologies and attitudes among Gaelic-medium educated adults." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10636.

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Gaelic-medium education (GME) as it exists today started in 1985, when two classes offering instruction through the medium of Gaelic opened within primary schools in Glasgow and Inverness. GME grew rapidly throughout the first decade of its availability, and 1258 students were enrolled in the system by 1995. This thesis examines outcomes of this system in terms of the degree to which former pupils who started in GME during this period continue to use Gaelic in their daily lives, and provides an assessment of their language ideologies and attitudes. The 2011 census showed a diminution in the decline of Gaelic speakers in Scotland, but marginal growth of 0.1% was recorded in the number of speakers under the age of 20. Whilst this growth has been understood by politicians and policy-makers as evidence of the role of GME in revitalising the language, the census figures give a limited picture of the actual language practices of reported speakers, the extent to which they use Gaelic, or of their beliefs, feelings and attitudes regarding the language. Internationally, little research appears to have been done on the life trajectories of adults who received a bilingual education through a minority language; that is to say, on the effect that the bilingual classroom has on such individuals’ relationship to the language after formal schooling is completed. The first students to receive GME at primary school are now in their late 20s and early 30s, and prospects for the maintenance and intergenerational transmission of Gaelic by this group are currently unknown. The principal research questions of this investigation comprise the following: - What role does Gaelic play in the day-to-day lives of former Gaelic-medium students who started in GME during the first decade of its availability; how and when do they use the language? - What sets of beliefs and language ideologies do these Gaelic-medium educated adults express in relation to Gaelic? - How do these beliefs and ideologies relate to their actual language practices, to their attitudes concerning the language, and to future prospects for the maintenance of Gaelic? Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, I provide an assessment of Gaelic use, language ideologies and attitudes among a sample of 130 Gaelic-medium educated adults. A thematic, ethnography of speaking methodology is employed to analyse qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 46 informants. Additionally, responses to an electronic questionnaire are evaluated by statistical analysis using Spearman’s rank order correlation co-efficient to investigate the relationships between non-parametric variables of reported language use, ability, socialisation and attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to extensive research literatures on language, culture and identity, language revitalisation in the international context, and the perceived limitations of GME which have previously been identified with regard to the revitalisation of Gaelic.

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Acherman-Chor, Dora. "Equity policy, educational practice, and limited english proficient (LEP) students in two high schools in Miami." FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1086.

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Most studies of language minority students' performance focus on students' characteristics. This study uses qualitative methodology to examine instead how educational policies and practices affect the tracking of language minority students who are classified as limited English proficient (LEP). The placement of LEP students in core courses (English, Math, Social Studies, and Science) is seen as resulting from the interaction between school context and student characteristics. The school context includes factors such as equity policy requirements, overcrowding, attitudes regarding immigrants' academic potential, tracking, and testing practices. Interaction among these factors frequently leads to placement in lower track courses. It was found that the absence of formal tracks could be misleading to immigrant students, particularly those with high aspirations who do not understand the implications of the informal tracking system. Findings are discussed in relation to current theoretical explanations for minority student performance.

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Bourgeois, Daniel. "La genèse, la spécification et l'abandon des districts bilingues canadiens, 1966-1976." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25387.pdf.

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Combs, Mary Carol. "Research and policy: Factors influencing the development of bilingual education in the Valle Encantado School District." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187439.

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Federal bilingual education policy generally has been characterized by inattention to research findings in second language acquisition theory. Studies have shown that learning English takes from five to nine years, and that providing students with substantial amounts of primary language instruction neither interferes with nor delays their acquisition of English. Nevertheless, the federal Bilingual Education Act has funded an increasing number of programs which do not use the student's primary language. This trend has been influenced by arguments concerning the notion of "local flexibility," or the idea that school districts are best suited to selecting the kinds of programs serving their language minority limited English proficient students. The present study sought to determine whether a similar trend was evident in a local school district in the American Southwest on the border with Mexico. After a pilot study concluded that research in bilingual education played no role in the development of the district's educational policies toward language minority students, this study was conducted to explore other influences which, in the absence of research findings, contributed to the district's current policy. The study also explored how the notion of "local flexibility" was played out in a local setting. Policy influences included Title VII funding fluctuations (and district inability or unwillingness to continue programs previously supported by the federal legislation); community apprehension (native language instruction was unnecessary and stigmatizing); local politics (frequently related to personal conflicts arising between individuals or groups); teacher recruitment and retention (still serious obstacles to adequately staffing bilingual and ESL programs). However, the most important influence on district policy was a district-wide compliance review of alternative language programs by the federal Office for Civil Rights (OCR). The OCR investigative team's reaction to the linguistic character of the community--which district officials and others interpreted as an endorsement of ESL over native language approaches--resulted in the establishment of a K-12 ESL program. The new program has direct consequences for the district's declaration that every student will graduate "bilingual, bicultural, and biliterate." Under the current ESL policy, this goal would appear to have little chance of success.

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Tsoi, Yee-hang. "The medium of instruction for Hong Kong's secondary schools : an analysis of policy design /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19708646.

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Ford, Sarah Marie. "Public Education and Alaska Natives: A Case Study of Educational Policy Implementation and Local Context." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1276628128.

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Al-Maadheed, Fatma G. "Models of bilingual education in majority language contexts : an exploratory study of bilingual programmes in Qatari primary schools." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7f6a4391-449c-4f6f-b5da-ee05c64064f6.

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The purpose of this thesis was to explore and describe how bilingual programmes are organized and implemented within the unique linguistic and socio-economic case of Qatar. Specifically the thesis explored bilingual programs offered by two types of primary schools in Qatar: international schools and independent schools. Qatar launched a new initiative for educational development in 2001 but with hardly any research linked to these changes. The study was positioned within a qualitative interpretive tradition drawing on elements of ethnography and grounded theory as tools of methodology. However, quantitative methods were also incorporated within the design. The research design is structured within two main phases: phase one included statistical analysis of secondary data investigating three variables: average teaching time in the first and the second language, students’ and teachers’ nationality. Phase two utilized a multi-case study design. One school from each type was examined in depth over a period of nine weeks. Data were collected by means of school documents, interviews, and non-participant observation of English and Arabic classes. The first phase made an initial impression of the model of bilingual education followed by international and independent schools compared to bilingual typologies found in the literature. The analysis of the two cases examined revealed various differences across the two types. Findings reveal that the international school followed a partial immersion type of programme while the independent school followed a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) type of programme. The study reveals that the Qatari bilingual schools context was one of heteroglossia, with three codes in operation: Modern Standard Arabic, Colloquial Arabic dialects and English. Findings reveal that teachers and students in the international school adopt a strict separation policy between the two languages following a monoglossic belief. Language teachers and students in the independent school were found to apply a flexible language policy inside English and Arabic classes. The study revealed a gap between claimed programme features and implementation of these features. An absence of a clear language policy in the schools was also a main finding relating to the practice of these schools. In light of these findings, adopting a clear and explicit language-in-education policy should be a priority for policy makers in Qatar. The study revealed how the diglossia situation in Qatari schools is unique and therefore schools must be aware of the languages at the disposal of students and teachers. Schools must also concentrate on developing academic language skills needed for success in L2 schooling.

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McNameeKing, Mairead Rose. "Intercultural Bilingual Education among Indigenous Populations in Latin America: Policy and Practice in Peru, Bolivia, and Guatemala." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2629.

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Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato
In Latin America, Indigenous peoples still exhibit markedly lower qualities of life compared to their nonindigenous peers. One of the most direct ways to change this cycle is through reforms to existing and implementation of new systems of education, such as intercultural bilingual education (EIB), to reflect a greater understanding of and sensitivity to Indigenous linguistic and cultural needs. Through an exploration of EIB in Peru, Bolivia, and Guatemala countries, this study determines some of the primary conditions necessary for EIB’s success to be: national and regional stability; governmental support in both legal and fiscal terms; funding and resources; community support and participation; and system design, program adaptation, and flexibility. If these prerequisites are met, EIB can be an effective way to provide an education to Latin America’s Indigenous peoples in such a way that it is adequate according to local, national, and international standards while simultaneously fulfilling the Indigenous groups’ articulated desire and need for an educational system that appropriately respects, preserves, and fosters the distinct languages and cultures existing within a multicultural state
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: International Studies Honors Program
Discipline: International Studies

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Tian, Zhongfeng. "Translanguaging Design in a Mandarin/English Dual Language Bilingual Education Program: A Researcher-Teacher Collaboration." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108914.

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Thesis advisor: C. Patrick Proctor
Traditionally strict language separation policies in dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs reflect parallel monolingualism and have been criticized as failing to recognize the sociolinguistic realities of bilingual students (García & Lin, 2017). To leverage bilingual learners’ full linguistic repertoires as resources, this study explored how Sánchez, García, and Solorza’s (2018) translanguaging allocation policy could be strategically and purposefully designed in a third grade Mandarin/English DLBE classroom where the majority of the students were English-dominant speakers. Taking the form of participatory design research (Bang & Vossoughi, 2016), I (as a researcher) and a Mandarin teacher worked together to co-design translanguaging documentation, translanguaging rings, and translanguaging transformation spaces across different content areas – Chinese Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies. During the process, we also engaged in equitable forms of dialogue and listening to openly discuss, negotiate, and develop our translanguaging co-stance in iterative ways. Data collection included classroom and design meeting recordings, observational field notes, and teacher and students’ artifacts and interviews throughout the school year of 2018-19. Inductive and deductive coding were adopted for data analysis. Findings revealed that translanguaging pedagogies took many shapes based on contextual factors, such as the different pedagogical purposes and curricular demands across content areas. Students were able to develop deeper content understandings, build cross-linguistic connections, and develop their bi/multilingual identities and critical consciousness in those flexible bilingual spaces. Findings also demonstrated that the ideological (re)negotiation between the researcher and the teacher was a bumpy and discursive journey, replete with tensions, confusions, and difficult conversations. Overall, it was a balancing act to create translanguaging spaces while maintaining the language-minoritized (Mandarin) space and privileging students’ use of Mandarin given the societal dominance of English. This study provides implications for new theoretical and pedagogical understandings of translanguaging, and suggests that researcher-teacher collaboration provides a promising way to generate evidence-based, practitioner-informed, and context-appropriate knowledge for DLBE curricular and pedagogical improvements
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction

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Lau, Connie Man Yuen. "Investigating the implementation of fine-tuning medium of instruction policy in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/501.

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Fine-tuning Medium of Instruction (FTMOI) policy was introduced in 2010 after more than ten years of compulsory Chinese as the instructional medium for junior secondary education. Research results have proved that learning through first language Chinese does not necessarily guarantee better academic performance. Instead, the rigid compulsory Chinese medium of instruction policy led to a general decline in English standards. This alarms most students and parents in several regards. First, the lack of opportunities to the exposure of English affects the build-up of the English abilities for most students. Second, the declining English standards can potentially affect the chance of students being admitted into university as English is a prerequisite for further education in Hong Kong or other places of the world. Declining English standards also weakens the competitiveness of Hong Kong as a world financial center. Hong Kong has a strong bilingual tradition where most people can benefit from the trade and businesses. With strong demand for English in all sectors, the Education Bureau finally proposed a more flexible medium of instruction policy aiming to cater for the language needs of the students as well as their bilingual development. This study aims to investigate the views and attitudes of principals, teachers and students towards the Fine-tuning Medium of Instruction policy. Special focuses were given to investigate the strategies employed by teachers and students as well as the measures taken by the schools for FTMOI implementation. Two government-aided schools were selected to participate in this study. Based on the student intake of the year, the two schools were approved by the Education Bureau to arrange English-medium classes. The change of medium of instruction from Chinese medium (CMI) to English medium (EMI) is under a six-year review cycle. In this study, a Convergent Mixed Methods Design has been adopted to explore the issue regarding teaching and learning under FTMOI. The quantitative part of the research includes the study of the surveys in reflecting the views and attitudes of all stakeholders (Principals, teachers and students) towards FTMOI. Comparison has been made between the EMI and partial-EMI students within schools. Special attention is given to the strategies employed by teachers and students through interviews and lesson observation, the qualitative part of the study. Significance of the study is reported. Results indicated that most stakeholders (principals, teachers and students) welcomed the Fine-tuning Medium of Instruction policy (FTMOI) despite diverse views observed when conducting interviews. Groups of strategies used by teachers were explored, categorized and analyzed how they played the role to help bridge both knowledge and language gaps of students when teaching was conducted through a second language. A detailed record of the strategies used by teachers and students helped uncover the complication of teaching content-based subject through English. The results of this study should provide more insights for further investigation concerning English-medium teaching. Investigating the FTMOI implementation, not only does this study fill the knowledge gap of exploring the pedagogical insights regarding learning through a second language, but it also helps to inform policy-makers the perspectives of teaching and learning in bilingual context while providing solutions to the strategy use of teaching content-based subjects through English in achieving better learning outcomes, both in terms of content knowledge and English. Further exploration of enhancing teaching and learning through a second language is worth to be discussed in this research paper.

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Behrmann, Tatiana. "Evaluating the Effects of Mother Tongue on Math and Science Instruction of Secondary School Students| An Action Research Study." Thesis, Capella University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13806849.

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Although Kreyol is the language spoken and understood by the majority of Haitians, French is the language used as the medium for instruction. The use of a foreign language as a means for students to acquire literacy is a practice that has led to an ineffective educational system in Haiti. The aim of the quasi-experimental research study is to study the effects of using Kreyol versus French as the instructional method in math and science classes. Participants were selected from a target population of 246 girls enrolled at Institution X, a private school in the Ouest Department. Students from this institution are part of the 29% of people who attend secondary schools in Haiti. The 139 students that were part of the sample were randomly divided into two groups per class (standard and Kreyol condition) and were given a pre-test followed by a lesson then a post-test. Students in the standard group were taught in French and those in experimental group in Kreyol. Data gathered from the intervention were analyzed and results indicated that pre-test scores of French condition and Kreyol condition groups were normally distributed. When ANCOVA was used as one of the data analysis tools, because it French conditions for pre-test values and allows for observation of post-test scores, results yielded confirmed a significant difference between the French condition and Kreyol condition groups. The results from this quasi-experimental study provided data that aligned with the literature review and demonstrated that there was in fact a significant difference in performance when Kreyol was used as a medium for instruction instead of French. The results further provide statistical data confirming the important role that Kreyol should play in the improvement of the Haitian education system.

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Chun, Chen-Cheng. "Language-in-Education Planning and Bilingual Education at the Elementary School in Taiwan." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195505.

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Language issues, often linked with ideas of history, sentiment, identity, ideology, maintenance, revitalization, minority, and indigenous peoples, are raised constantly in Taiwan. This study focused on examining issues related to language planning and bilingual education at the elementary school level in Taiwan. The research purposes were: 1) to examine the current language education practices in the elementary school by employing perspectives of language planning and bilingual education in Taiwan; and 2) to make recommendations about the current language planning and policy of Taiwan with respect to elementary school language education. There were 123 participants involved in this study. They were elementary school language teachers, language professionals, and parents. Data collection began in the winter of 2004 and continued through the summer of 2005. The research context was elementary school language education. Transcripts and questionnaires were the primary sources for data analysis. Five major phenomena with respect to elementary school language education in Taiwan were found. First, there was no systematic language planning for the present elementary school language education in Taiwan. Second, the three language subjects, Mandarin, English, and Dialects, within the Language Arts area were seen as independent courses without any interdisciplinary integration. Third, parental decisions about the prior order of language learning were structured upon a profound process related to language ideology and instrumentalism. Fourth, the elementary school language curriculum was guided by the concept of Han-centrism. Fifth, because of the phenomenon of language shift, Mandarin has become most children's mother tongue rather than the local languages. Based on the five findings, I suggest that first, team teaching is helpful for elementary school language teachers to integrate children's learning of different languages. Second, parents, language professionals, and language teachers should have more opportunities to communicate with each other about children's language learning. Third, language planners should bear the Han-centric phenomenon in mind, especially when considering issues of educational resources and opportunities and social justice. Fourth, the definition of mother tongues needs to be redefined. Fifth, it is important for every elementary school to develop its own school-based language policy.

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Mawonga, Sisonke. "Bilingual teaching practices in South African higher education : making a case for terminology planning." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017894.

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When the apartheid government was in power universities in South Africa were segregated according to a race and language. After apartheid, the democratic government came into power and its vision was abolition of segregation. There was also equal and equity of access to public institutions which were set aside for certain people to have access to. Access to universities was equalized and students with different racial, social, cultural and linguistic backgrounds were allowed access to universities which they used not to have access to before. The students‟ access to all universities led to diversity within these institutions. Even though this was the case, there were no changes in the system prevalent during apartheid. English, for example, continued to be the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) while the numbers of students who speak languages other than English (LOTE) as home languages was also increasing. The Constitution of South Africa (Section 6, Act 108 of 1996) acknowledges the previous marginalization of indigenous languages in the country and encourages the development and use of these languages as official languages. The right of access to educational institutions, and accessing education in one‟s language, if that language is one of the official languages, is also encouraged by the Constitution. There are other supporting legislative documents such as the Languages Bill (2011), the Higher Education Act (1997) and the national Language Policy for Higher Education (LPHE) (2002) that support multilingualism, the equal promotion of the official languages as well as use of multiple languages in higher education institutions (HEIs) to support learning. The above mentioned policies and legislations may exist to ensure equality and equity, and even though HEIs have become heterogonous, that does not guarantee that the students enrolled in these institutions have equal access to knowledge offered by the HEIs in SA. This research uses the theories of languages and conceptualization; language and learning as well as language planning to show that the students‟ first languages in learning can assist to facilitate cognition. Terminology development, as part of corpus planning which is the body of language planning is introduced in this study in the form of bilingual glossaries as an intervention especially for students‟ whose mother tongue is not English as language used for learning at university for different disciplines tend to be abstract. The data for this research was collected from the 2014 first year students registered in the Extended Studies Unit (ESU) in the Humanities Faculty at Rhodes University. Research methods such as questionnaires, participant observations, interviews as well as content analysis were used to collect the data. These methods were used to look at the students‟ use and perceptions of bilingual glossaries as additional resource materials which can assist them in learning. A Political Philosophy I module offered by the Political Science department was used for this research. This thesis presents a model which can be used for the development of bilingual glossaries in order to facilitate learning. The thesis recommends the use of corpus extraction tools such as WordSmith Tools (WST) that can be used to generate and extract terms and illustrates the use of this tool by extracting terms from an English Political Philosophy textbook. These terms are defined and these are then translated into isiXhosa to provide a sample of the bilingual glossary. This glossary has been designed to illustrate how the bi/multilingual glossaries with terms and definitions can be developed in order for use by students to facilitate learning them. The study also presents a terminology list which consists of Political Philosophy terms that have been generated during the corpus extraction process. It is recommended that further research looks into the development of bi/multilingual glossaries using the suggested model so that the students who are speakers of LOTE can also be able to understand abstract terms which are used at university

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Mkuti, Lukas Dominikus. "Language and education in Mozambique since 1940: Policy, implementation, and future perspectives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282255.

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This study examines language and education policy in colonial as well as independent Mozambique. Mozambican people struggled for 500 years to free themselves from the grip of Portuguese colonialism. Independence came in 1975. A decade of intense and determined Struggle for Liberation stopped the Portuguese from further destroying the country. The review of the literature provides key concepts and principles in language planning and policy. Then the study examines language and education in selected Sub-Saharan African countries. The ideas and opinions of African writers are brought into the discussion. The main study starts by looking at language and education in colonial Mozambique starting in 1940. This period is important in the educational history of Mozambique. It was during this time that the Missionary Statute, an agreement between the Government of Portugal and the Catholic church, came into being. This agreement entrusted Portuguese Catholic missionaries with education in the colonies. Missionary education viewed Mozambican languages, culture and all things African as deficits. Missionary schools were places of unlearning all things that instilled pride in the Mozambican people. When the War of Liberation broke out in 1964, Mozambicans established their own schools in the areas liberated from the Portuguese. These schools instilled in the students the much needed Mozambican character, and personality. They became the model for independent Mozambique's New System of Education. Mozambique is a nation of many languages. During the colonial period the Portuguese proscribed the use of these languages in education. Consequently, many languages in Mozambique today have not been studied academically. This study uses historical research methods to gather and analyze data, and records the struggles of the Mozambican people as they work toward reconstructing their beautiful country. The study concludes that communities and government be involved in promoting all Mozambican languages. While this study is critical of Portuguese colonialism, it is not an attack on the Portuguese language. The paradox is that while Portuguese is the colonial language, it is also the language of liberation for Mozambicans. It is in this sense that the Portuguese language was declared the language of unity, instruction, and government.

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McNelly, Carla A. "Language learning perspectives and experiences of stakeholders in the community of Flowers Bay, Roatan, Honduras." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640210.

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When searching for pluralistic models of bilingual education, looking globally for examples is beneficial. The overarching global perspective toward bilingual and multilingual education supports literacy in the student's first, second, and including the possibility of a third or more languages to attain socio-political pluralism. This dissertation project will specifically examine the voices of stakeholders in the local community of Flowers Bay, Roatan, Honduras where the mission of bilingual education is a pluralistic society. The goal of the research study is to examine the perspectives and experiences around language learning within the lens of language as a problem, a right, and a resource of stakeholders in their local community. Chapter I of this dissertation includes the problem statement of the research project, a historical and contextual explanation of the land, people, and social movement toward multilingual education on the Bay Islands of Honduras. Chapter II is a review of the literature surrounding the two frameworks in the research project. The first framework I utilize is the public sphere to describe who is or is not included in the conversations of multilingual education within the community of Flowers Bay, Roatan, Honduras. The second framework I utilize is language as a problem, a right, and a resource to describe and analyze the data collected from national policies, field observations, and stakeholders. Chapter III is an in-depth description of the research design, the demographics of the stakeholders in Flowers Bay, the method data collected and analysis of the data. Chapter IV features the findings from the data analysis using the two frameworks outlined in Chapter II. Chapter V offers a discussion of the frameworks and further research projects inspired by this dissertation project. Three themes emerged from framework of language as a right and resource of stakeholder voices from Flowers Bay, Roatan, Honduras: access, economy, and identity. Two themes emerged from the stakeholder voices not represented in the frameworks: resources needed and parent engagement.

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Dominic, P. A. "Language practices and identities of multilingual students in a Western Cape tertiary institution : implications for teaching and learning." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5193.

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Magister Educationis - MEd
In South Africa, there has been little research into the language practices of multilingual students in tertiary institutions or into how such students negotiate identities in these globalising contexts where the dominance of English remains an important factor. This research was aimed at exploring the appropriateness of 1997 Language-In-Education policy for schools and the national Language Policy for Higher Education (2002) for equipping students for tertiary teaching and learning. It therefore investigated the relationship between the language practices and construction of identities of a group of multilingual first year students in the Education Faculty at a Western Cape university. In this integrated institution, in spite of the current political and socio-economic transformation that has been at the centre of new policies, the medium of instruction is still predominantly monolingual. The premise of the research was that in a multilingual country such as South Africa with 11 official languages, tertiary institutions ought to more vigorously engage with their current language policies in order to value and extend the language practices of multilingual students for academic learning. Here multilingual repertoires are understood as resources rather than problems. The research draws extensively on Bourdieu's notion of 'linguistic capital' quantifying language itself as a form of capital with a market value. Through thematic analysis of themes drawn from questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation in both tutorials and lectures, the investigation concluded that a monolingual medium of instruction to non-native speakers should be practised alongside other languages as means to support in their academic attainment. Finally the research emphasised the importance of code switching as a strategy that facilitates learning and promotes understanding of the role language resources play in social and academic interaction.

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Long, Caitlin E. "Educational Leaders' Interpretation of and Response to the Every Student Succeeds Act and the LOOK Act in Massachusetts:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108660.

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Thesis advisor: C. Patrick Proctor
Schools, districts, and states are at a time of transition from the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) to The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and this change comes alongside evolving state policy landscapes. Since NCLB and the epoch of English-only education in Massachusetts, which ended after the passage of the Language Opportunity for Our Kids (LOOK) Act in 2017, have been shown to have a primarily negative impact on emergent bilingual students, a historically marginalized group of learners, there is a need for educators and researchers to understand how educators are comprehending and responding to policy changes. Yet processes of policy interpretation and implementation are often not straightforward and many factors from the location of an organization to an individual’s role, connections, and prior professional experiences (Burch & Spillane, 2005; Spillane, 1998) can impact policy understandings and implementation. The purpose of this qualitative dissertation was to understand how educational leaders interpreted and responded to ESSA and the LOOK Act in Massachusetts. Utilizing sensemaking theory as a theoretical framework (Spillane, Reiser, & Reimer, 2002), analysis of 17 participant interviews as well as state documents demonstrated that district, state, school, and organizational leaders were optimistic about the educational future of bilingual children in Massachusetts. They viewed the LOOK Act as offering needed flexibility for designing educational programs, as better aligning with participants’ beliefs about bilingualism and language learning, and as potentially facilitating the increased engagement of bilingual families as stakeholders with a voice. Educational leaders understood ESSA in relation to how they understood NCLB. They also viewed ESSA primarily as a compliance mandate. Participants responded to ESSA and LOOK by defending their intentional focus on the immediate: the policies, initiatives, and practices that aligned with their beliefs about what is best for bilingual students. These priorities included reconceptualizing programs of education for bilingual students and launching English Learner Parent Advisory Councils, both made possible by the LOOK Act, as well as hiring and retaining equity-minded district leaders, advocating at the state and district levels around funding structures, building teacher capacity to teach emergent bilingual students, developing multiple pathways for children, and shifting belief systems around bilingualism and bilingual children. Developing understandings of how educators interpret and respond to ESSA and LOOK can further inform educators’ crafting of policies and programs that can benefit bilingual children
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction

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Maalim, Haroun Ayoub. "Exploring the relationship between an "English-only" language-in-education policy and bilingual practices in secondary schools in Zanzibar." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017891.

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This thesis reports on the relationship between an English-only language-ineducation policy and bilingual practices in secondary schools in Zanzibar. The focus is on language use in the classroom against the backdrop of a top-down and English-only language-in-education policy. The main purpose has been to gain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the stipulations of the policy which was imposed from above and the judicious bilingual practices which are a commonly accepted as the norm in secondary schools in Zanzibar. The study employed a mixed method approach (QUAL+quant) and embraced elements of ethnography. The data for this study was gathered from two secondary schools which were purposively selected on the basis of parameters that were set in this study. Among other things, these include the secondary schools which have both ‘Ordinary level’ and ‘Advance level’, and the schools which teach the same subject using Kiswahili as the language of learning and teaching at one level, and English as the language of learning and teaching at another level. Data were obtained from multiple sources. On the one hand, through ethnography, classroom observations, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with teachers and students, and interviews with key actors were conducted. On the other hand, students’ test scripts, and students’ test and examination results (scores) were analysed. Both purposive and random sampling were used to get the participants. Drawing from Ruiz’s (1984) seminal tripartite orientations of language planning (language as right, language as problem, and language as resource) thematic analysis, content analysis, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to analyse data. The findings reveal that the use of bilingual (English and Kiswahili) in English medium subjects is a resource rather than a deficit since an overwhelming majority of students and some teachers cannot function positively in the topdown English-only language-in-education policy. Most significantly, teachers use Kiswahili in English medium subjects as a strategy for teaching terminologies, abstract concepts, and unfamiliar topics, as well as for clarification of ideas and for comprehension check. The study further indicates that the examinations and tests of English medium subjects do not assess what is exactly intended to be assessed (subject matter), but instead they assess English language. In addition, empirical evidence shows that language is a factor for students’ achievements in that students performed considerably better when the subjects were assessed in Kiswahili compared to the same subjects assessed in English. The findings further reveal that Kiswahili is suitable to be used as a sole language of learning and teaching in secondary schools of Zanzibar. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the use of Kiswahili in English medium subjects should be officially recognised and students should be given options of the language of assessment as an urgent step. Furthermore, given the urgency of the need for improving students’ performance, it is now high time to introduce Kiswahili medium of instruction secondary schools in Zanzibar which should co-exist with English medium of instruction secondary schools.

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Cade, Sandra L. "Intercultural dynamics of power in a USMidwestern town stories of the enactment of local education policy /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3169304.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Leadership and Policy Studies and Curriculum and Instruction, 2002.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 8, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-04, Section: A, page: 1257. Advisers: Bradley A. U. Levinson; Robert Arnove.

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Chu, Yuk-wo Edward, and 朱旭和. "The medium of instruction in Hong Kong schools: some problems and possible measures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951284.

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DeLeon, Tanya M. "The New Ecology of Biliteracy in California| An Exploratory Study of the Early Implementation of the State Seal of Biliteracy." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3639305.

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Nearly 25,000 graduating high school students across California have earned state recognition for achieving proficiency in multiple languages in 2014. This exploratory, mixed-methods study investigated the early implementation of the State Seal of Biliteracy (SSB) in California. Sixty-two district personnel were surveyed, three SSB directors were interviewed, and a document review was conducted. Overall, the study revealed four themes that influence the implementation of the SSB at the district level: Intentional Creation of an Ecology of Biliteracy, Developing Notions for Biliteracy Scripts and Assessment, Privileging Sequential Biliteracy Development—Scarcity of Biliteracy Pathways, and Individual and Collective Agency for Biliteracy. Hornberger's (2003) continua of biliteracy was used as a theoretical framework to analyze this study's findings.

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Blachford, Dongyan Ru. "Language planning and bilingual education for linguistic minorities in China, a case study of the policy formulation and implementation process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41009.pdf.

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Mitchell, Kara. "Systemic Inequities in the Policy and Practice of Educating Secondary Bilingual Learners and their Teachers: a Critical Race Theory Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1408.

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Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-Smith
In 2002, voters in Massachusetts passed a referendum, commonly referred to as "Question 2," requiring that, "All children in Massachusetts public schools shall be taught English by being taught in English and all children shall be placed in English language classrooms" (M.G.L.c.71A§4). This dissertation investigates the system of education for secondary bilingual learners and their teachers resulting from the passage of Question 2 by examining assumptions and ideologies about race, culture, and language across policy and practice. Drawing on critical race theory (CRT) and the construct of majoritarian stories, two distinct and complimentary analyses were conducted: a critical policy analysis of state level laws, regulations, and policy tools, and a critically conscious longitudinal case study of one teacher candidate who was prepared to work with bilingual learners and then taught bilingual learners during her first three years of teaching. The critical policy analysis, conducted as a frame analysis, exposes that legally sanctioned racism and linguicism are institutionalized and codified through Massachusetts state policy. Additionally, Massachusetts state policy consistently and strongly promotes four common majoritarian stories regarding the education of secondary bilingual learners and their teachers: there is no story about race, difference is deficit, meritocracy is appropriate, and English is all that matters. The longitudinal case study demonstrates the power of these majoritarian stories in classroom practice and how they limit the opportunities of bilingual learners and their teachers while also perpetuating institutionalized racism and linguicism. Taken together, the two analyses that make up this dissertation reveal a problematic system deeply affected by majoritarian stories that obscure the role white privilege and white normativity play in perpetuating issues of inequity for secondary bilingual learners and teachers. This dissertation argues that in order to disrupt institutionalized racism and linguicism, these stories must be consistently, proactively, and powerfully challenged across all levels of policy and practice
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction

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Wong, Mei-fong, and 王美芳. "Language policies and their effects on mother tongue education in HongKong and Singapore." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950127.

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Monluc, Michel. "Contribution à l’analyse des politiques linguistiques-éducatives en Afrique subsaharienne : Étude des modalités de mise en place d’un enseignement bilingue français-anglais dans l’Éducation de Base au Cameroun." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0679.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une dynamique et une perspective plurielles car elle interroge essentiellement les sciences du langage, les sciences de l'éducation, mais emprunte également à l'économie de l'éducation, la sociologie de l'éducation, et la docimologie. Le point de départ de ce travail s'enracine dans notre questionnement permanent sur les faiblesses des systèmes éducatifs d'Afrique subsaharienne. Le cœur de notre travail interroge le bilinguisme officiel français-anglais à l'Éducation de base et les raisons pour lesquels le Cameroun ne parvient pas à atteindre ce bilinguisme scolaire. L'analyse à visée évaluative de la politique linguistique éducative montre in fine que le bilinguisme officiel au Cameroun est un bilinguisme de façade et les raisons essentielles de ce constat sont identifiées.Sur le plan méthodologique, les observables relèvent de techniques qualitatives courantes en sciences humaines (enquêtes de terrain fondées sur des entretiens semi-directifs, observations de classes, méta-analyses) et de techniques quantitatives issues principalement du domaine de l'économie de l'éducation.La perspective retenue dans la formulation des recommandations relève d'une approche aussi systémique que le permettait le cadre de notre étude et d'une tentative de pont entre le Nord et le Sud. Cette démarche nous a notamment conduit à nous appuyer, en particulier, sur les travaux sur le plurilinguisme du Conseil de l'Europe. Certes le terrain de recherche qui est le nôtre, l'Afrique subsaharienne francophone, est totalement différent du contexte européen, en apparence. Mais des points de convergence existent et il est certainement possible de dégager matière à réflexion de ces recherches axées uniquement sur l'Europe. S'il ne s'agit pas de plaquer les résultats obtenus dans ces recherches sur un terrain aussi différent que le Cameroun, il nous a semblé cependant qu'une contextualisation pourrait permettre, dans une perspective de mutualisation des bonnes pratiques, des évolutions intéressantes du bilinguisme scolaire au Cameroun.L'originalité de ce travail repose sur la thématique choisie, une contribution à l'analyse de la politique linguistique éducative dans une perspective évaluative, et sur l'introduction de méthodes issues du monde des consultants en éducation pour l'examen de cette politique
This thesis is part of a dynamic and pluralistic perspective because it essentially asks the language sciences, science education, but also borrows from the economics of education, sociology of education, and docimology. The starting point of this work is rooted in our constant questioning about the weaknesses of sub-Saharan Africa education systems. The heart of our work questions the official French -English bilingualism in basic education and the reasons for which the Cameroon fails to reach this school bilingualism. The analysis referred to evaluative language education policy ultimately shows that official bilingualism in Cameroon is a bilingual facade and the main reasons for this situation are identified.On the methodological level, observable within current qualitative techniques in the social sciences (field surveys based on semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, meta-analyzes) and quantitative techniques mainly from the field of economics of education.The perspective adopted in the formulation of recommendations is part of a systemic approach also permitted the scope of this study and an attempt to bridge between North and South. This approach has led us to support us including, in particular, the work on multilingualism of the Council of Europe. While the field of research that is ours, Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa is totally different from the European context, apparently. But the points of convergence exist and it is certainly possible to identify to think of this research focused only on Europe. If it is not to flatten the results obtained in this research one as different as Cameroon ground, it seemed, however, that contextualization could afford, with a view to sharing best practices, interesting developments bilingual school in Cameroon.The originality of this work is based on the chosen theme, a contribution to the analysis of language education policy in an evaluative perspective, and the introduction of methods from the worlds of education consultants for review of this policy

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Smith, Mary Eileen. "Equality of Educational Opportunity for Language Minority Students in Oregon: A Survey of ESL/Bilingual Education Policy in Local School Districts." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/382.

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Currently there is a national policy debate on the issue of appropriate educational programs for language minority students. This study addresses the issue at the state level, asking: Are ESL/bilingual education policies in Oregon school districts providing equal educational opportunity for language minority students? The purpose of the study is to document ESL/bilingual policies in Oregon school districts, and to analyze them in terms of their contribution to equality of educational opportunity. Policy analysis serves as the theoretical framework for the study because of its potential as a synthesizing paradigm for studies in educational administration. The Policy Process Model (Heflin, 1981), incorporates three stages: (a) policy formulation, (b) policy implementation, and (c) policy impact. The research questions correspond to these three stages, and seek to analyze policy in eight areas pertinent to ESL/bilingual education. (1) Identification and assessment; (2) Instructional programs; (3) Primary language usage; (4) Exiting and mainstreaming; (5) Recognition of minority group cultures; (6) Parental involvement; (7) Personnel requirements; (8) Program evaluation. Survey research was chosen as an efficient method of gathering data from a large number of subjects throughout a widespread geographical area. The design of the survey instrument included an analysis of legal and theoretical bases for educating language minority students, expert input, and field testing. The entire population of 305 Oregon school districts was surveyed. A 93.8 percent response rate was obtained. The analysis of data produced the following conclusions: (1) There is a large and growing population of limited-English proficient (LEP) students in Oregon schools. Although most districts provide some type of programs for LEPs, district policy is rarely mentioned as the reason for doing so. (2) Implementation varies widely from district to district, in the absence of clear statewide standards for effective education for language minority students. (3) Only nine percent of districts reporting LEP students implement ESL/bilingual policies that apparently are in complete compliance with federal and state laws. (4) Only two percent implement policies that concur with basic principles for educating language minority students. (5) A district's level of compliance with the laws and concurrence with basic principles do not correlate with district size; rather with numbers or percentages of LEP students in the district.

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Chekaraou, Ibro. "Teachers' appropriation of bilingual educational reform policy in sub-Saharan Africa a socio-cultural study of two Hausa-French schools in Niger /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162228.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2004.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: A, page: 0062. Chair: Martha Nyikos. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 11, 2006).

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Caporal-Ebersold, Eloise. "Language policy and practices in early childhood education and care (ECEC) : a case study of an english-french bilingual crèche in Strasbourg." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC020/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la première crèche parentale bilingue anglais-français établie dans la ville de Strasbourg, France. En utilisant une approche ethnographique, cette recherche examine le lien qui existe entre la politique linguistique identifiée et les facteurs sociaux. La problématique de recherche a été formulée ainsi : comment fonctionne une structure éducative bilingue dédiée à la petite enfance du point de vue des politiques linguistiques, quelles sont les implications du choix de la politique une personne, une langue (UPUL) sur les pratiques des acteurs éducatifs et des familles au sein de la crèche en question, et quel est le lien entre le bilinguisme déclaré de la structure et le multilinguisme des familles ? Enfin l’étude des choix de langues dans un contexte tel que celui de la petite enfance apporte-t-elle une compréhension nouvelle de la notion de politique linguistique éducative ? De plus, cet effort de recherche vise à combler une lacune dans les études de LP qui, dans une certaine mesure, sont concentrées soit sur le cadre familial, soit sur le cadre de l’éducation formelle
This doctoral thesis focuses on the first parental English-French bilingual crèche established in the multilingual city of Strasbourg, France. Using an ethnographic approach, this research looks into the relationship of language policy with social factors. With the one person, one language (OPOL) policy as this ECEC setting’s identified language policy (LP), my aim is to understand its language policy processes. Primarily informed by Spolsky’s tripartite LP conceptualisation, I seek to analyse the following: the declared language policy or what the proponents say about how they manage languages; the perceived language policy or what they believe about OPOL; and the practiced language policy or what they do and how they implement the said LP. Moreover, following Johnson (2009), I also address the multilayered dimension of LP and look at the agents, goals, processes and discourses involved in the creation of this crèche. Moreover, this research endeavour aims to address a gap in LP studies that to a certain extent have focused on either family or formal educational settings

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Selleck, Charlotte L. R. "A comparative ethnographic study of students' experiences and perceptions of language ideologies in bilingual Welsh/English education : inclusive policy and exclusionary practice." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/46828/.

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This study investigates the interplay of linguistic practices, linguistic representations, language ideologies and social inclusion between students in three related research sites in south west Wales;a designated English medium school,a designated Bilingual school and a Youth Club,as a point of contact between students from both schools. It identifies how students experience and interpret the language ideological content of their education. The following questions underpin the current research: 1. How are the institutional arrangements within this community(or locality)understood by the students? Do school students see themselves operating within language ideological structures?!Do students resist or affirm school based ideologies and school based practice? 2. How do students understand, interpret and live out what language policy and planning documents in Wales refer to as ‘true bilingualism’? Is ‘choice’ experienced as such at institutional, individual and community levels? 3. Is the Welsh language accounted to be an obstacle to social integration for young people within the ‘community’ and into the school environment, or a positive resource? Ethnographic research as been carried out in both schools and at the Youth Club,with three principle methods characterising this research; ethnographic observational fieldwork, ethnographic chats, and audio recordings of spontaneous interaction. vi This study sets out to investigate how the young people at two contrasting (and ideologically polarised) secondary schools in an ‘community’ traditionally thought of as a heartland area understand and orient to the language ideological content of their education. In the school based data language choice results in boundaries being put up around language and language users, both inter school and intra school, with students forming language hierarchies, positioning themselves and others as more or less Welsh, English or bilingual, ‘better’ or ‘worse’ at speaking Welsh and/or English, and more or less authentically Welsh. Schools serve to reinforce and reproduce social divisions, leading to issues of social exclusion. Contrastingly,the Youth Club data highlights that,when freed from the ideological constraints of the school, the young people reflect, sometimes critically, on their school based practice and school based ideologies. This study adds to our knowledge about Welsh medium/bilingual education in Wales; it helps us better understand ‘multilingual’Wales.

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Tsoi, Yee-hang, and 蔡懿恒. "The medium of instruction for Hong Kong's secondary schools: An analysis of policy design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965362.

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Musk, Nigel. "Performing bilingualism in Wales with the spotlight on Welsh : a study of language policy and the language practices of young people in bilingual education /." Linköping : Department of Language and Culture, Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8042.

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Musk, Nigel John. "Performing Bilingualism in Wales with the Spotlight on Welsh : A Study of Language Policy and the Language Practices of Young People in Bilingual Education." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8042.

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The recently established National Assembly for Wales (with the vision of a “truly bilingual Wales”) and bilingual schools are but two major sites in which bilingualism is reconstituting and repackaging Welsh. By close examination of the discourse(s) of language policy texts, the public discourse of one bilingual secondary school and the discussions of four focus groups composed of pupils from the same school, this study identifies three types of discourse which are particularly salient in contemporary Wales: a globalising discourse, a nationalist discourse and an ecology-of-language discourse. By collating the data from focus group discussions, language use questionnaires and language diaries, this study also identifies three categories of bilinguals based on their reported language use: Welsh-dominant bilinguals, English-dominant bilinguals and ‘floaters’ (balanced bilinguals). These three categories correlate with how individuals discursively construct Welsh and bilingualism. However, the medium of the focus group discussions (English or mixed-medium Welsh) correlates more closely with the category that is dominant in each focus group. With performativity theory as a framework, bilingualism is to be seen as a dynamic phenomenon, which is constantly being performatively (re)constituted through the situated practices of bilinguals. In short, this study examines how bilingualism in Wales is being performed, i.e. both how it is discursively constructed by various players in various sites, and how it is formed through everyday bilingual practices, not least those of young people in bilingual education.
Den nyetablerade rådsförsamlingen National Assembly for Wales (med en vision om ett ”verkligt tvåspråkigt Wales”) och tvåspråkiga skolor utgör två av de viktiga arenor där tvåspråkighet omstöper och ompaketerar walesiskan. Genom en närmare granskning av diskursen i språkpolitiska texter, den diskurs som används av en tvåspråkig skola i sina kontakter med allmänheten samt de diskussioner som förs i fyra fokusgrupper med elever från samma skola identifierar den här studien tre diskurstyper som är särskilt framträdande i dagens Wales: en globaliseringsdiskurs, en nationell diskurs och en språkekologisk diskurs. Genom att sammanställa data från diskussioner i fokusgrupper, enkäter om språkanvändning samt språkdagböcker identifierar studien också tre kategorier av tvåspråkiga elever utifrån deras angivna språkanvändning: tvåspråkiga med walesiska som starkare språk, tvåspråkiga med engelska som starkare språk samt ”floaters” (balanserat tvåspråkiga). De här tre kategorierna överensstämmer med hur individerna diskursivt konstruerar walesiska och tvåspråkighet. Det språk som talas i fokusgrupperna (engelska eller walesiska med engelska inskott) korrelerar däremot med den kategori som dominerar i varje fokusgrupp. Med performativitetsteori som utgångspunkt framstår således tvåspråkighet som en dynamisk företeelse, som ständigt (om)skapas genom de tvåspråkigas situerade praktiker. I korthet visar den här studien hur tvåspråkighet i Wales görs, det vill säga både hur den diskursivt konstrueras av olika aktörer på olika arenor och hur den formas av vardagliga tvåspråkiga praktiker, inte minst bland unga i tvåspråkig utbildning.

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Xu, Xianxuan. "A cross-cultural comparative study of teacher effectiveness: Analyses of award-winning teachers in the United States and China." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154197.

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Arroyo, de Romano Jacqueline Elena. "The policy implications of the No Child Left Behind Act for English language learners." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2589.

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Wilson, Paige C. "The Policy and Politics of Second Language Teaching." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1556284044333655.

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Karagrigori, Foteini. "Parents’ perceptions of their children’s agency within the context of family bilingualism." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154450.

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Purpose: The present thesis aims to gain insight into parents’ perceptions of their children’s agentic role while raising them in Greek-bilingual families. The study was conducted within the field of family language policy and family bilingualism. Methods: A small-scale, qualitative study was designed, which included semi-structured interviews with parents of bilingual preschoolers, residing in Patras, Greece. Six participants were interviewed and audio-recorded. Then, the transcriptions were translated into English and finally analysed using thematic analysis. Parents were interviewed regarding their children’s use of languages concerning to the possibility to influence changes in their everyday lives as bilingual families. Results: According to the findings of this study, parents within Greek-bilingual families argue that their children negotiate their own language acquisition and the language use of the adults around them. Specifically, parents think that their children a) influence parents’ confidence in the chosen language policy, b) resist to inconsistent language use, and c) influence the parents’ language use. Conclusions: The present thesis highlights what parents within Greek-bilingual families think about their children’s agentic role regarding influencing changes in the family language policy and the socialization of members of the family. The small-scaled study entails that the results give the readers an insightful account, instead of absolute truth. Results of the study motivate further research on the agentic role of children in Greek families and its implementation on how childhood is experienced.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bilingual policy'

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