Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bile

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bile'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bile"

1

Cohen, D. E., L. S. Leighton, and M. C. Carey. "Bile salt hydrophobicity controls vesicle secretion rates and transformations in native bile." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 263, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): G386—G395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.3.g386.

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After drainage of the bile salt pool, we infused unanesthetized bile fistula prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) intravenously with taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholate (TCDC), cholate (TC), ursodeoxycholate (TUDC), and ursocholate (TUC) in concentrations that attained greater than 94% enrichment of biliary bile salts. With decreases in bile salt hydrophobicity, maximum steady state lecithin and to a lesser extent cholesterol secretion rates decreased in the rank order, TCDC greater than TC greater than TUDC greater than TUC. By phase analysis, TCDC-rich and TC-rich biles plotted inside their respective micellar zones, whereas TUDC-rich and TUC-rich biles plotted outside and were so-called "supersaturated" with cholesterol. Quasi-elastic light scattering and electron microscopy, when performed within 30 min of collection, revealed unilamellar vesicles in all biles. By 24 h, vesicles in TCDC-rich and TC-rich biles had dissolved into mixed micelles, whereas vesicles in TUDC-rich biles formed mixed micelles plus multilamellar liquid crystals, and vesicles in TUC-rich biles formed multilamellar liquid crystals exclusively. Because cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratios of multilamellar liquid crystals were less than or equal to 1, cholesterol monohydrate crystals did not form in these biles. We conclude that, despite drastic alterations in bile salt detergency, unilamellar vesicles are the final common pathway for lecithin and cholesterol secretion into bile. During equilibration of bile, the fate of unilamellar vesicles may be micellar, micellar plus liquid crystalline, or liquid crystalline only depending on the detergency (i.e., hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance) of the secreted bile salt.
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Thewles, A., R. A. Parslow, and R. Coleman. "Effect of diosgenin on biliary cholesterol transport in the rat." Biochemical Journal 291, no. 3 (May 1, 1993): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2910793.

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Biliary cholesterol output in rats was stimulated over 3-fold by feeding diosgenin for 5 days, whereas biliary outputs of phospholipid and bile salts were not changed by diosgenin feeding. Isolating and perfusing the liver without bile salts resulted in a rapid and substantial decrease in biliary bile salt output; bile salt depletion abolished the diosgenin-induced increment in biliary cholesterol output, showing that the diosgenin-elevated biliary cholesterol output was bile-salt-dependent. Diosgenin treatment also produced a significant decrease in biliary alkaline phosphodiesterase I. Fresh bile obtained from control and diosgenin-fed rats was subjected to gel-permeation chromatography in order to separate different-sized biliary cholesterol carriers. Two major peaks of cholesterol were eluted, with cholesterol also being eluted between the peaks. The cholesterol peak eluted at the lower molecular mass (20-30 kDa) was observed in all bile samples. The higher-molecular-mass peak, which was eluted at the void volume, was not observed in all biles; control biles contained very little high-molecular-mass form of cholesterol, whereas biles from the diosgenin group contained up to 47% of cholesterol in the high-molecular-mass fraction. Diosgenin treatment produced a range of elevated biliary cholesterol values which positively correlated with the proportion of cholesterol contained in the high-molecular-mass fraction (r = 0.98). The results show that diosgenin induced a marked bile-salt-dependent increase in biliary cholesterol output and a shift in biliary cholesterol transport to higher-molecular-mass structures.
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Cohen, D. E., M. Angelico, and M. C. Carey. "Quasielastic light scattering evidence for vesicular secretion of biliary lipids." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 257, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): G1—G8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.1.g1.

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We employed quasielastic light scattering, negative-stain, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy to study the time-dependent physicochemical behavior of biliary lipids in fresh rat bile. Three to five minutes after bile collection, the earliest light scattering measurements and electron microscopy revealed unilamellar vesicles (mean hydrodynamic radius, Rh = 430-740 A) coexisting with mixed micelles (Rh = 20-120 A) in all biles. Both percent biliary vesicles (1 to greater than 70%) and micellar sizes varied inversely with bile salt concentration (range 1.6-72 mM) both during endogenous pool drainage and sodium taurocholate infusion. With bile salt concentrations in the vicinity of or below the estimated critical micellar concentration, biliary vesicle concentrations remained constant or increased slightly with passage of time. However, with micellar bile salt concentrations, complete conversion of vesicles to micelles occurred at rates that were directly proportional to bile salt concentration. Back-extrapolation of weighted Rh averages of micelles plus vesicles as functions of time gave sizes of approximately 470 A at 1 min, suggesting the predominance of homogeneously sized unilamellar vesicles at the earliest stages of bile formation. After micellization of lipids, mixed protein aggregates of vesicle size were demonstrated in all biles. These experiments elucidate the dynamic coexistence of lipid vesicles and mixed micelles in cholesterol unsaturated biles and demonstrate that vesicle-to-micelle interconversions of biliary lipid aggregates are normal physiological phenomena within the biliary tree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Spivak, W., and M. C. Carey. "Reverse-phase h.p.l.c. separation, quantification and preparation of bilirubin and its conjugates from native bile. Quantitative analysis of the intact tetrapyrroles based on h.p.l.c. of their ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives." Biochemical Journal 225, no. 3 (February 1, 1985): 787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2250787.

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We describe a facile and sensitive reverse-phase h.p.l.c. method for analytical separation of biliary bile pigments and direct quantification of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and its monoglucuronide (BMG) and diglucuronide (BDG) conjugates in bile. The method can be ‘scaled up’ for preparative isolation of pure BDG and BMG from pigment-enriched biles. We employed an Altex ultrasphere ODS column in the preparative steps and a Waters mu-Bondapak C18 column in the separatory and analytical procedures. Bile pigments were eluted with ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, and a 20 min linear gradient of 60-100% (v/v) methanol at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min for the preparative separations and 1.0 ml/min for the analytical separations. Bile pigments were eluted in order of decreasing polarity (glucuronide greater than glucose greater than xylose conjugates greater than UCB) and were chemically identified by t.l.c. of their respective ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives. Quantification of UCB was carried out by using a standard curve relating a range of h.p.l.c. integrated peak areas to concentrations of pure crystalline UCB. A pure crystalline ethyl anthranilate azo derivative of UCB (AZO . UCB) was employed as a single h.p.l.c. reference standard for quantification of BMG and BDG. We demonstrate that: separation and quantification of biliary bile pigments are rapid (approximately 25 min); bile pigment concentrations ranging from 1-500 microM can be determined ‘on line’ by using 5 microliters of bile without sample pretreatment; bilirubin conjugates can be obtained preparatively in milligram quantities without degradation or contamination by other components of bile. H.p.l.c. analyses of a series of mammalian biles show that biliary UCB concentrations generally range from 1 to 17 microM. These values are considerably lower than those estimated previously by t.l.c. BMG is the predominant, if not exclusive, bilirubin conjugate in the biles of a number of rodents (guinea pig, hamster, mouse, prairie dog) that are experimental models of both pigment and cholesterol gallstone formation. Conjugated bilirubins in the biles of other animals (human, monkey, pony, cat, rat and dog) are chemically more diverse and include mono-, di- and mixed disconjugates of glucuronic acid, xylose and glucose in proportions that give distinct patterns for each species.
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Rahman, K., and R. Coleman. "Selective biliary lipid secretion at low bile-salt-output rates in the isolated perfused rat liver. Effects of phalloidin." Biochemical Journal 237, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2370301.

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At high bile-salt-secretion rates the biliary secretion of phospholipids and cholesterol is dependent on that of the bile salts. However, at low bile-salt outputs some secretion remains. Isolated perfused rat livers were used in these experiments in order to study the bile-salt-independent secretion of biliary lipids. The livers were isolated and saline (0.9% NaCl), or phalloidin dissolved in saline, was added to the perfusion fluid after 1 h of liver isolation. The concentration and output of cholesterol was significantly decreased in phalloidin-treated livers compared with the controls, whereas there was no significant decrease in phospholipids; the secretion of cholesterol and phospholipids can thus be uncoupled from each other by the action of phalloidin. These experiments suggest that a proportion of cholesterol gets into bile independently of bile salts and phospholipids. These findings are discussed in relation to the supersaturation of some biles with cholesterol and its relationship to the bile-salt-independent fraction of cholesterol.
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Vitetta, Luis, and Avni Sali. "Primary Bile Duct Stones and Bacterial Activity." HPB Surgery 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/81017.

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The results of this study suggest that infection with beta-glucuronidase active bacteria is the initial event in the nucleation of primary bile duct stones (PBDS).PBDS from five patients were morphologically fragile and “earthy” with alternating light and dark brown pigment layers with no evidence of a distinct central nucleus that may have been reminiscent of a different structure. Chemically, calcium bilirubinate and calcium palmitate were prominent throughout their structure. All bile duct biles had a positive culture and were always associated with at least one bacterial species which was beta-glucuronidase active. Moreover, fragments of PBDS nuclear areas had positive cultures that were comparable with those present in their individual bile duct bile. Microscopic examination of bile showed abundant precipitation of calcium bilirubinate granules in all samples.Thus, bile duct bile infection with beta-glucuronidase active bacteria (e.g. E. coli, C. perfringens) appears to be a key factor in PBDS pathogenesis, having a precursor role, rather than being a consequence. Bile stasis is likely to be a co-factor which must have a supportive role in subsequent stone growth.
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Berman, Marvin D., and Martin C. Carey. "Metastable and equilibrium phase diagrams of unconjugated bilirubin IXα as functions of pH in model bile systems: Implications for pigment gallstone formation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 308, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): G42—G55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00277.2014.

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Metastable and equilibrium phase diagrams for unconjugated bilirubin IXα (UCB) in bile are yet to be determined for understanding the physical chemistry of pigment gallstone formation. Also, UCB is a molecule of considerable biomedical importance because it is a potent antioxidant and an inhibitor of atherogenesis. We employed principally a titrimetric approach to obtain metastable and equilibrium UCB solubilities in model bile systems composed of taurine-conjugated bile salts, egg yolk lecithin (mixed long-chain phosphatidylcholines), and cholesterol as functions of total lipid concentration, biliary pH values, and CaCl2 plus NaCl concentrations. Metastable and equilibrium precipitation pH values were obtained, and average pKa values of the two carboxyl groups of UCB were calculated. Added lecithin and increased temperature decreased UCB solubility markedly, whereas increases in bile salt concentrations and molar levels of urea augmented solubility. A wide range of NaCl and cholesterol concentrations resulted in no specific effects, whereas added CaCl2 produced large decreases in UCB solubilities at alkaline pH values only. UV-visible absorption spectra were consistent with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between UCB and bile salts that were strongly influenced by pH. Reliable literature values for UCB compositions of native gallbladder biles revealed that biles from hemolytic mice and humans with black pigment gallstones are markedly supersaturated with UCB and exhibit more acidic pH values, whereas biles from nonstone control animals and patients with cholesterol gallstone are unsaturated with UCB.
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Whiting, M. J., and J. McK Watts. "Cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis: a study of potential nucleating agents for cholesterol crystal formation in bile." Clinical Science 68, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0680589.

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1. Cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation was measured quantitatively in model bile solutions, which were supersaturated with cholesterol, by a radiochemical method and qualitatively in human gallbladder bile by polarizing microscopy. 2. Various agents, which have been postulated to act as nucleating factors for cholesterol crystal and gallstone formation, were added to bile and their effect on the appearance of cholesterol crystals was determined. These agents included calcium salts found in gallstones (calcite, aragonite, apatite, bilirubinate), Escherichia coli bacteria, pigment residues from cholesterol gallstones, bilirubin and several mucin preparations. 3. Human gallbladder bile, which was collected from patients with and without cholesterol gallstones, was also mixed with model bile to examine whether nucleating or anti-nucleating factors were present. 4. None of the agents tested markedly and consistently promoted cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation in model or human bile, except seed crystals of cholesterol monohydrate which were used as a control. Human gallbladder bile from obese patients without gallstones delayed the appearance of cholesterol crystals in model bile solutions, whereas gallbladder bile from gallstone patients did not. 5. These results do not provide experimental support for the hypothesis that calcium salts and pigment material found in gallstones, or gallbladder mucin at concentrations less than 10 mg/ml, act as nucleating agents for cholesterol crystal and stone formation. The difference between gallbladder biles from patients with and without gallstones in their propensity to form cholesterol crystals may be due to the presence of an anti-nucleating factor in normal bile.
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Das, John B., Nicholas D. Poulos, and G. Ghaus Ansari. "Biliary Lipid Composition and Bile Acid Profiles During and After Enteral Fast of Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Rabbit." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 22, no. 1 (January 1996): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1996.tb01508.x.

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SummaryFeeding and fasting influence biliary lipid composition. With total parenteral nutrition (TPN), it is possible to study the effects of a long‐term “enteral fast” on biliary lipid composition without the metabolic illeffects on nutrient deprivation. We compared the lipid and bile acid (BA) contents of hepatic and gallbladder biles in rabbits on completion of a 14‐day regimen of TPN with those in rabbits returned to oral feeds for 6 weeks after a similar spell of TPN. Chow‐fed rabbits served as controls. With TPN, plasma phospholipid and cholesterol levels were elevated. Basal bile flow and the secretion of bile acids and phospholipids were decreased in the TPN and post‐TPN groups, while the cholesterol secretion rate was essentially unchanged. During TPN, the molar percent of cholesterol (relative to bile acids and phospholipid) in hepatic bile was increased. Biliary glycolithocholic acid (GLCA; as a percent of total conjugated BA) in hepatic bile increased from 1.7% (0.9% SEM) in the chow‐fed to 8.5% (1.5% SEM) during TPN. In TPN and post‐TPN groups, the gallbladder was enlarged to more than twice normal (chow‐fed) size, and contained a dark, mucoid bile (biliary sludge). In this bile, (a) there was a 2.5‐fold increase in bile acid concentration; and (b) the molar percent of cholesterol decreased while that of bile acids increased. TPN produced a state of functional cholestasis, which extended into the post‐TPN period. Gallbladder distension was the common denominator of the hepatobiliary dysfunction in the TPN and post‐TPN rabbits. With sequestration of bile acids in the gallbladder during and after TPN, the circulating bile acid pool was constricted, and the enterohepatic circulation impaired. As cholesterol secretion was low at all times, cholesterol supersaturation did not occur. The molar percent of cholesterol in gallbladder bile decreased, while that of bile acids increased; this suggests absorption of cholesterol by gallbladder mucosa. The increase in biliary GLCA probably resulted from bacterial biotransformation of glycochenodeoxycholic acid to lithocholic acid and its increased absorption from the cecum during TPN.
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Ackerman, Norman B., Leian F. Sillin, and Kalkunte Suresh. "Consequences of intraperitoneal bile: Bile ascites versus bile peritonitis." American Journal of Surgery 149, no. 2 (February 1985): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(85)80078-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bile"

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Zhu, Xiao Xia. "Binding interactions of bile acids and bile pigments with amines." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75846.

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The binding of selected bile acids and bile pigments by peptides and quaternary amines has been studied by adsorption and NMR experiments. Novel adsorbents with quaternized peptide-containing functional groups for bile acids have been prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis techniques. The adsorption studies, conducted in aqueous buffer solutions, show that these resins have an enhanced capacity, on a per active site basis, and improved specificity over cholestyramine and colestipol. The interaction between bile acid anions and the pendants is predominantly ionic linkage, although hydrophobic and other interactions are also important. An NMR study of the binding between bile acids and various ligands, including peptides, by the determination of carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times, confirms the ionic and hydrophobic interactions which occur cooperatively and simultaneously.
New adsorbents for bilirubin have been prepared by covalently coating a water-swellable polyamide resin with polypeptides. These resins have much higher capacities for bilirubin in aqueous buffer solution than cholestyramine and improved capacities over the resins with attached oligopeptide pendants. The binding behavior of the resin coated with poly- sc D-lysine is the same as that of poly- sc L-lysine. The amount of bilirubin adsorbed by these resins is directly proportional to the number of lysine residues on the resin, which is consistent with the formation of an ionic linkage. This is confirmed by a study of the interaction of bilirubin with an oligopeptide, sc L-lysyl- sc L-lysine, by measurements of proton and carbon-13 NMR spin-lattice relaxation times combined with nitrogen-15 NMR experiments. The $ sp{15}$N NMR spectra of bilirubin and some related bile pigments have also been assigned by two-dimensional $ sp{15}$N-$ sp1$H heteronuclear correlation experiments.
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Trusova, Tatyana. "Quantitative estimation of bile acid conjugates in human bile using HPLC /." Connect to online version, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3555.

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Benson, Gregory Martin. "Studies on bile acid sequestrants and bile acid metabolism in the hamster." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518089.

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Li, Hai. "Bile acids enterohepatic circulation." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/77982.

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Hammond, Timothy G. "Hepatotoxicity of bile salts." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496893.

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Torchia, Enrique C. "The role of intracellular bile acid binding proteins in bile acid transport and cytoprotection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60354.pdf.

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Näf, Gabriela. "Viscosity of human bile from the common bile duct sampled during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000277045.

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Adolfsson-Erici, Margaretha. "Fish bile in environmental analysis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-494.

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Rao, Girish. "Enzyme electrode studies of bile acids." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11881.

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Crowley, Cara Leilani. "Bile salt induced stress response pathways." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289231.

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Our lab has shown that the bile salt found in the highest concentration in human fecal water, sodium deoxycholate, induces apoptosis in several cell types including Jurkat cells as well as human colonic epithelial cells. We have also found that cells within the normal appearing flat mucosa of patients with a history of colon cancer are relatively resistant to apoptosis induced by NaDOC. The current studies test the hypothesis that sodium deoxycholate induces multiple stress response pathway s that protect against apoptosis. I have tested this hypothesis by developing and analyzing cell lines that are resistant to sodium deoxycholate-induced apoptosis and focusing on two stress-response proteins known to be activated by sodium deoxycholate, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the redo-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). I found that PARP is protective against NaDOC-induced apoptosis, and by independently inhibiting the individual subunits of NF-κB, I found that the p65 subunit is protective, while the p50 subunit is not. Development and subsequent characterization of the NaDOC-resistant HCT-116 cell lines identified several proteins that may be responsible for the development of apoptosis resistance. These proteins will be further tested in future studies.
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Books on the topic "Bile"

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Galeri, Merkur, ed. Mehmet Güleryüz: Bile bile. İstanbul: Merkur, 2010.

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1921-, Berci George, and Cuschieri A, eds. Bile ducts and bile duct stones. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1997.

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Jenkins, Gareth J., and Laura Hardie, eds. Bile Acids. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847558336.

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Tereli︠a︡, Ĭosyf. Chorne i bile. Toronto: T-vo "Khrest", 1993.

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Iyiler, Orhan. Birgün bile yasamak. Istanbul: Eksen, 1992.

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Pol", Jaroslaw. Bile a cerne. Praha: Zvoneni, 2001.

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İyiler, Orhan. Birgün bile yaşamak. Aksaray, İstanbul: Eksen Yayıncılık, 1992.

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Sharshenaliev, Dosubak. Ata-tegin︠g︡ bile zhu̇r. Bishkek: Turar, 2010.

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Martinez-Isla, Alberto, and Lalin Navaratne. Laparoscopic Bile Duct Exploration. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95504-5.

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Martinez-Isla, Alberto. Laparoscopic Bile Duct Exploration. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95505-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bile"

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Quiroga, J. "Bile Salts, Bile Flow, and Cholestasis." In Hepatobiliary Diseases, 201–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76802-6_8.

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Brunelle, Francis, Danièle Pariente, and Pierre Chaumont. "Bile Ducts." In Liver Disease in Children, 95–118. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3822-8_5.

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Soma, Toshiya, and Yutaka Shimada. "Bile Acids." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_615-2.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Bile Shunts." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 325. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_3738.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Bile Shunts." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_3738-1.

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Soma, Toshiya, and Yutaka Shimada. "Bile Acids." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 495–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_615.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Bile Acids." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 878. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13249.

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Amplatz, Benno, and Günter Fauler. "Bile Acids." In Encyclopedia of Lipidomics, 1–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_47-2.

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Amplatz, Benno, and Günter Fauler. "Bile Acids." In Encyclopedia of Lipidomics, 1–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_47-1.

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Soma, Toshiya, and Yutaka Shimada. "Bile Acids." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 397–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_615.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bile"

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Lorber, Mateja, and Mojca Dobnik. "Kakovost delovnega okolja v povezavi s tveganjem za pojav izgorelosti zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi." In 43rd International Conference on Organizational Science Development. University of Maribor Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2024.38.

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Zdravstvena nega je poklic, kjer so zaposleni izpostavljeni večjim obremenitvam in stresu na delovnem mestu. Povezan je tudi z višjo ogroženostjo za pojav izgorelosti. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, doživljanje delovnega okolja s strani zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi ter ali se kakovost delovnega okolja povezuje s pojavom izgorelosti. Uporabljena je bila kvantitativna metodologija raziskovanja. Podatki so bili pridobljeni z vprašalnikom za oceno kakovosti delovnega okolja in oceno prisotnosti izgorelosti. Raziskava je bila izvedena med zaposlenimi v zdravstveni negi. Podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo programa IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da pri 47 % zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi prisotna izgorelost. Prav tako je 48 % ocenilo svoje delovno okolje kot srednje kakovostno in 16 % kot slabo kakovostno. Ugotovljena je bila statistično pomembna povezava med kakovostjo delovnega okolja in pojavom izgorelosti med zaposlenimi zdravstveni negi. Slabša kakovost delovnega okolja vodi so nezadovoljstvo z delom in možnosti pojava izgorelosti, kar pa lahko privede do slabših izidov pri pacientih.
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Ay, Ümran, Martin Lenicek, Raphael Silvanus Haider, Arno Classen, Hans van Eijk, Gregory van der Kroft, Ulf Peter Neumann, et al. "Microbially-conjugated bile salts found in human bile activate the bile salt receptors TGR5 and FXR." In 40. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777502.

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Muršec, Dominika, Urška Rozman, Miha Lavrič, and Sonja Šostar Turk. "Pregled mobilnih aplikacij s področja onesnaževanja okolja." In 43rd International Conference on Organizational Science Development. University of Maribor Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2024.50.

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Onesnaževanje okolja je težava, ki ne vpliva samo na okolje ampak tudi na zdravje ljudi. Za zmanjšanje negativnih vplivov je pomembno okoljsko ozaveščanje ljudi, tudi z uporabo široko dostopnih mobilnih aplikacij. Mobilne aplikacije smo pregledali v mobilnih trgovinah Google Play in iOS app z uporabo ključne besede »pollution«. Pri pregledu smo sledili priporočilom PRISMA. Aplikacije smo ocenili z uporabo vprašalnika Mobile Application Ration Scale (user version). Mobilne aplikacije so obsegale različne tipe onesnaževanja. Po pregledu smo izbrali 8 aplikacij, ki so se nanašale na onesnaževanje okolja. Ugotovili smo, da je splošna kakovost aplikacij dobra, pri čemer so bile dosežene ocene med 3.06 (±0.23) in 4.35 (±0.08). Najbolje ocenjena aplikacija je bila Earth Hero: Climate Change. Zaradi razširjenosti uporabe mobilnih aplikacij, jih je smiselno uporabljati za vzpodbujanje okoljske ozaveščenosti prebivalcev. V prihodnjih raziskavah bi se bilo smiselno osredotočiti na posamezne tipe onesnaževanja in oceniti kakovost pri uporabnikih.
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Pozvek, Nejc, Urška Starc Peceny, Boštjan Brumen, Maja Turnšek, Tjaša Alegro, Katja Kokot, and Matevž Straus. "Digitalizacija kulturne dediščine na primeru UNESCO vrednot v EU." In Turizem 4.0 in znanost. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-515-3.4.

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Raziskava v okviru projekta Turizem 4.0 je bila izvedena s ciljem ustvariti boljši pregled nad evropskim ekosistemom na področju digitalizacije kulturne dediščine – skozi prizmo razvoja turizma. Zanimalo nas je, kdo so ključni akterji, kakšni so odnosi med njimi in kakšni trendi na področju digitalizacije kulturne dediščine z namenom razvoja turizma; vse skupaj tudi skozi prizmo odziva na pandemijo korona virusa, kar je hkrati pred-stavljalo aktualizacijo raziskave glede na razmere, ob enem pa tudi ključno omejitev zaradi relativno slabega odziva. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da večina lokacij UNESCO vrednot uporablja tehnološko relativno manj zahtevne rešitve, katerih ni nadgrajevala v času pandemije; več pozornosti je bilo v tem času s strani upravljavcev izbrane dediščine namenjene inovativnim spletnim rešitvam. Te so bile ustvarjene tako s pomočjo specializiranih IT podjetij in strokovnjakov (tudi iz kreativnih in kulturnih industrij) kot brezplačnih/nizkocenovnih spletnih rešitev za podporo produktom, financirane iz raznolikih (v največji meri javnih) virov in ponujene v uporabo med pandemijo večinoma brezplačno. Delež spletnih obiskovalcev UNESCO vrednot se je v povprečju le minimalno povečal, bistveno pa je upadel na lokacijah samih. Izstopa potreba (in želja) po več sredstvih, znanja in povezovanja na področju digitalizacije dediščinskih vsebin.
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Mujkić, Asim. "ZAVNOBIH I PROBLEM SOCIJALISTIČKOG FEDERALIZMA." In 75. godišnjica Trećeg zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a: uloga Trećeg zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a u društvenom i političkom razvoju Bosne i Hercegovine. Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2020.193.14.

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Temeljni zadatak Trećeg zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a bio je stvaranje okvira koji će utvrditi dalji put razvitka BiH kao federalne jedinice, pa su na tom Zasjedanju doneseni važni akti za BiH kao članicu jugoslovenske federacije kao što je konstitucija prve Narodne skupštine Federalne BiH i Zakon o narodnoj vladi na osnovu kojeg je dva dana kasnije, 28. 4. 1945. godine formirana prva Narodna vlada BiH, itd. Međutim, postavlja se pitanje o kakvom je federalizmu ovdje riječ? Socijalistička Jugoslavija se ugledala na sovjetsku federaciju koja se u znanstvenoj literaturi karakterizira kao etnoteritorijalni federalizam. Jugoslavija je istovremeno bila federacija naroda i republika u kojima su njeni narodi ostvarivali svoja suverena prava na temelju čega su se vremenom kristalizirale dvije suprotstavljene, podjednako etatističke opcije socijalističkog federalizma: unitarističko – centristička za koju su republičke granice administrativne, i republikansko-federalistička za koju su republike bile suverene nacionalne države. Obje su bile izvor nacionalizma koji će opustošiti Jugoslaviju nakon demokratskih promjena 1990. Treći oblik socijalističkog federalizma – socijalističko-samoupravni federalizam koji je politički subjektivitet spustio na nivo pojedinih radnih organizacija i mjesnih zajednica zamišljen da obesmisli nacionalno pitanje, nije uspio zaživjeti zbog već ojačanih etatizama. Te federalističke dileme posebno su bile kobne za BiH koja nije mogla biti konstituirana kao nacionalna republika-država.
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Kuhar, Peter. "Tehnični pregledi naprav za nanos fitofarmacevtskih sredstev." In XIV. International Conference on Logistics in Agriculture 2020. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-406-4.7.

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Tehnični pregledi naprav za nanos fitofarmacevtskih sredstev so se v Sloveniji začeli že v osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja. Na začetku so bili prostovoljni, obvezni pa so postali leta 1995. Podobno je bilo tudi v nekaterih drugih evropskih državah, kot so na primer Nemčija, Poljska, Belgija in Španija. Tehnični pregledi naprav za nanos fitofarmacevtskih sredstev so zelo pomembni v luči zagotavljanja varne pridelave hrane. Škropilnice in pršilniki so najbolj pogosto uporabljene naprave, ki so lahko traktorsko nošene, vlečene ali samohodne. V letu 2012 je bila evropska direktiva 2009/128/CE vključena v našo zakonodajo. Leta 2019 je bil sprejet nov pravilnik, ki ureja omenjene preglede. Tehnični preglede na območju jugovzhodne Slovenije opravlja Grm Novo mesto – Center biotehnike in turizma. Kvaliteta pregledanih naprav v tej regiji se je skozi leta izboljšala, kot je vidno v raziskavi med leti 2004 in 2013. V osrednji Sloveniji je bila v letu 2019 opravljena raziskava, ki prikazuje kateri deli naprav za nanos FFS so bili najbolj okvarjeni pri njih. Tehnični pregledi so organizirani kmetom prijazno, kar pomeni, da se izvajajo v bližini njihovih gospodarstev in tako ne potrebujejo premagovati velikih razdalj s traktorji.
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Baldini, Francesco, Paolo Bechi, Fabio Cianchi, Roberta Coppini, and Alida Falai. "Bile sensing with optical fibers." In BiOS Europe '98, edited by Francesco Baldini, Nathan I. Croitoru, Martin Frenz, Ingemar Lundstroem, Mitsunobu Miyagi, Riccardo Pratesi, and Otto S. Wolfbeis. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.336925.

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McDonagh, P., F. Maccarthy, D. Kevans, K. Hartery, and S. McKiernan. "AN UNUSUAL BILE DUCT LESION." In ESGE Days. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704497.

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Klabukov, Il'ya. "ELEMENTS FOR SYSTEMS MEDICINE OF CHOLANGIOPATHIES." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9b506245.44352217.

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The approach to system analysis of bile duct dysfunctions based on analysis of multi-omics data of cholangiocytes is considered. There is suggested that changes in intercellular interactions in tissues of the bile duct cause phenotypic manifestations of the cholangiopathies in the changes in cholangiocyte regulation, which can be evaluated by analysis of changes in the molecular composition of the bile.
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A.V., Shokurova, Anishchenko O. V., Kashinskaya E.N., and Solovyev M.M. "THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF BILE OF SOME MARINE AND FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES AND ITS POSSIBLE PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN AQUACULTURE." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.29-31.

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The elemental composition of the bile of 429 fish individuals of 21 species of freshwater and marine fish has studied. Macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), regardless of the diets and habitat of fish, were in the highest concentrations if compare to other elements. However, it is possible to note some differences in the concentrations of such macronutrients as K and Na between marine and freshwater species. Cu, Li and Sr were found in the bile of all studied freshwater species, while bile form marine species has always contained elements such as As, Cu, Li, Se and Sr. At the same time, Bi, Cd, Mo and Tl were absent in most species of both freshwater and marine fishes. Statistical analysis has revealed that such factors as “feeding habits”, “habit”, “season” and “year" had a significant effect on the elemental composition of fish bile. The obtained data of the elemental composition of bile are applicable to the creation of selective artificial nutrient media and species-specific feeds.
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Reports on the topic "Bile"

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yu, luyou, jinping yang, xi meng, and yanhua lin. Effectiveness of the gut microbiota-bile acid pathway (BAS) in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0117.

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Review question / Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of the intestinal microbiome - bile acid pathway (BAS) in the treatment of T2DM. Condition being studied: Bile acids (BAs), an important component of bile, are also metabolites derived from cholesterol and promote intestinal absorption and transportation of dietary lipids . Studies have shown that bile acid receptor agonists can promote glP-1 secretion and improve glucose metabolism in preclinical mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance , which may become a new therapeutic target for Type 2 diabetes. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been found on the treatment of type 2 diabetes by intestinal microbiome - bile acid pathway. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intestinal microbiome-bile acid pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Hjelm, R. P., J. Mang, A. F. Hofmann, C. Schteingart, H. Alkan-Onyuksel, and S. Ayd. Formation of drug-bearing vesicles in mixed colloids of bile salts and phosphatidylcholine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/548669.

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Cole, R. O., M. J. Sepaniak, W. L. Hinze, J. Gorse, and K. Oldiges. Bile salt surfactants in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: Application to hydrophobic molecule separations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6287336.

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Stoyanov, Vladislav, Dragomir Dardanov, Elena Arabadzhieva, Atanas Yonkov, Sasho Bonev, Dimitar Bulanov, Julieta Hristova, Lilia Simonova, Violeta Dimitrova, and Dobrin Svinarov. Diagnostic Significance of Cholangiocarcinoma-associated Carbohydrate Antigen (CCA-CA) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in Blood Serum and Bile in Patients with Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer and Obstructive Jaundice. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.09.17.

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Lyutakov, Ivan, Radislav Nakov, Borislav Vladimirov, Ventsislav Nakov, Anastas Dimov, Boyana Asenova, Milena Chetirska, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy and Predictive Value of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) and Total Free Fecal Bile Acids as Biomarkers of Bile Acid Malabsorption in Patients with Chronic Diarrhea: a Pilot Study. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.12.16.

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Getsov, Plamen, Sylvie Siminkovitch, Mila Kovacheva-Slavova, Stoyanka Dineva, and Borislav Vladimirov. Anatomical Variations of Bile Ducts. Study of Their Frequency in the Bulgarian Population, Using Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.06.15.

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Shapira, Roni, Judith Grizzle, Nachman Paster, Mark Pines, and Chamindrani Mendis-Handagama. Novel Approach to Mycotoxin Detoxification in Farm Animals Using Probiotics Added to Feed Stuffs. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592115.bard.

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T-2 toxin, a toxic product belongs to the trichothecene mycotoxins, attracts major interest because of its severe detrimental effects on the health of human and farm animals. The occurrence of trichothecenes contamination is global and they are very resistant to physical or chemical detoxification techniques. Trichothecenes are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood stream. The hypothesis of this project was to develop a protecting system using probiotic bacteria that will express trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) that convert T-2 to a less toxic intermediate to reduce ingested levels in-situ. The major obstacle that we had faced during the project is the absence of stable and efficient expression vectors in probiotics. Most of the project period was invested to screen and isolate strong promoter to express high amounts of the detoxify enzyme on one hand and to stabilize the expression vector on the other hand. In order to estimate the detoxification capacity of the isolated promoters we had developed two very sensitive bioassays.The first system was based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Human liver cells proliferation was used as the second bioassay system.Using both systems we were able to prove actual detoxification on living cells by probiotic bacteria expressing Tri101. The first step was the isolation of already discovered strong promoters from lactic acid bacteria, cloning them downstream the Tri101 gene and transformed vectors to E. coli, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactococcuslactis MG1363, and a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. All plasmid constructs transformed to L. casei were unstable. The promoter designated lacA found to be the most efficient in reducing T-2 from the growth media of E. coli and L. lactis. A prompter library was generated from L. casei in order to isolate authentic probiotic promoters. Seven promoters were isolated, cloned downstream Tri101, transformed to bacteria and their detoxification capability was compared. One of those prompters, designated P201 showed a relatively high efficiency in detoxification. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of P201 and another promoter, P41, revealed the consensus region recognized by the sigma factor. We further attempted to isolate an inducible, strong promoter by comparing the protein profiles of L. casei grown in the presence of 0.3% bile salt (mimicking intestine conditions). Six spots that were consistently overexpressed in the presence of bile salts were isolated and identified. Their promoter reigns are now under investigation and characterization.
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Zhou, Ting, Roni Shapira, Peter Pauls, Nachman Paster, and Mark Pines. Biological Detoxification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) to Improve Safety of Animal Feed and Food. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613885.bard.

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The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of grains, is produced by members of the Fusarium genus. DON poses a health risk to consumers and impairs livestock performance because it causes feed refusal, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic effects and cellular injury. The occurrence of trichothecenes contamination is global and they are very resistant to physical or chemical detoxification techniques. Trichothecenes are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood stream. The overall objective of this project was to develop a protecting system using probiotic bacteria that will express trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) that convert T-2 to a less toxic intermediate to reduce ingested levels in-situ. The major obstacle that we had faced during the project is the absence of stable and efficient expression vectors in probiotics. Most of the project period was invested to screen and isolate strong promoter to express high amounts of the detoxify enzyme on one hand and to stabilize the expression vector on the other hand. In order to estimate the detoxification capacity of the isolated promoters we had developed two very sensitive bioassays.The first system was based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Human liver cells proliferation was used as the second bioassay system.Using both systems we were able to prove actual detoxification on living cells by probiotic bacteria expressing Tri101. The first step was the isolation of already discovered strong promoters from lactic acid bacteria, cloning them downstream the Tri101 gene and transformed vectors to E. coli, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactococcuslactis MG1363, and a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. All plasmid constructs transformed to L. casei were unstable. The promoter designated lacA found to be the most efficient in reducing T-2 from the growth media of E. coli and L. lactis. A prompter library was generated from L. casei in order to isolate authentic probiotic promoters. Seven promoters were isolated, cloned downstream Tri101, transformed to bacteria and their detoxification capability was compared. One of those prompters, designated P201 showed a relatively high efficiency in detoxification. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of P201 and another promoter, P41, revealed the consensus region recognized by the sigma factor. We further attempted to isolate an inducible, strong promoter by comparing the protein profiles of L. casei grown in the presence of 0.3% bile salt (mimicking intestine conditions). Six spots that were consistently overexpressed in the presence of bile salts were isolated and identified. Their promoter reigns are now under investigation and characterization.
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McNeil, Nathan, and John MacArthur. Breaking Barriers to Bike Share: Insights from Bike Share Users. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.191.

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Adams, Scott, and David Neumark. When Do Living Wages Bite? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10561.

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