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Journal articles on the topic 'Bilberries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Karcheva-Bahchevanska, Diana P., Paolina K. Lukova, Mariana M. Nikolova, Rumen D. Mladenov, and Ilia N. Iliev. "Effect of Extracts of Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) on Amyloglucosidase and α-Glucosidase Activity." Folia Medica 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2017-0028.

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AbstractBackground:Vaccinium myrtillusL. is a species belonging to the genusVacciniumof the familyEricaceae. Bilberries have drawn attention due to the multiple benefits for the human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-neurodegenerative, and cardioprotective effects. Recently, bilberries were shown to inhibit the activity of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes that can help reduce the intensity of the metabolic syndrome and prevent type 2 diabetes.Aim:In this study, we investigated theα-glucosidase and amyloglucosidase inhibitory activities of polyphenol-rich extracts from fruit ofVaccinium myrtillusL. from different regions in Bulgaria.Materials and methods:The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. With HPLC analysis, phenolic acid composition of extracts was assessed. Enzymatic inhibitory activities were determined according to the methodology by Borooah et al. (1961), and Dewi et al. (2007). Amyloglucosidase assay andα-glucosidase assay were used to measure the inhibition potential of bilberries’ extracts.Results:Phenolic compound content ranged from 1299.60 mg to 510.88 mg GAE/100 g for organic extracts and from 453.63 mg to 290.83 mg GAE/100 g for aqueous extracts. Based on qualitative HPLC analyses, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were found to be among the major phenolic acids present in bilberries. Methanol and aqueous extracts there were found to be effective inhibitors ofα-glucosidase with an IC50value of 20 μg GAE/ml and 55 μg GAE/ml, respectively.Conclusion:The inhibitory activity of bilberries’ extracts towardsα-glucosidase offers the patients with type 2 diabetes the opportunity to manage their own glycaemic levels with a diet.
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Mietelski, J. W., and N. Vajda. "Chernobyl90Sr in bilberries from Poland." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 222, no. 1-2 (August 1997): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02034267.

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3

Miletić, N., B. Popović, O. Mitrović, M. Kandić, and A. Leposavić. "Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of dried and candied fruits commonly consumed in Serbia ." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32, No. 4 (July 29, 2014): 360–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/166/2013-cjfs.

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Dried fruits (plums, apricots, figs, grapes (amber light and amber dark), chokeberries, and bilberries), and candied fruits (cranberries, cherries, and dates), commercially available and commonly consumed in Serbia, were purchased on the same day in local groceries, and analysed for total phenolics and antioxidant capacity. Total phenolics contents of dried and candied fruits were as follows: dried chokeberries > dried bilberries > dried plums > candied cherries, dried apricot > dried grapes (amber light) > candied cranberries, dried figs, dried grapes (amber dark), candied dates. The order of antioxidant capacity showed a very similar trend as the total phenolics content. Significant correlation between total phenolics content and antioxidant capacity (R = 0.9931, P < 0.001) was observed. Using HPLC, the identification of selected phenolic compounds was carried out. Most of these compounds were the most abundant in dried chokeberries and dried bilberries, and consequently the highest antioxidant capacity was found in these dried fruit species.
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Widén, Cecilia, Michael Coleman, Sladjana Critén, Pernilla Karlgren-Andersson, Stefan Renvert, and G. Persson. "Consumption of Bilberries Controls Gingival Inflammation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 12 (May 11, 2015): 10665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160510665.

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Heyman, Lovisa, Ulrika Axling, Narda Blanco, Olov Sterner, Cecilia Holm, and Karin Berger. "Evaluation of Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Berries in High-Fat Fed C57BL/6J Mice." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403041.

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Objective. The aim of the study was to screen eight species of berries for their ability to prevent obesity and metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes.Methods. C57BL/6J mice were assigned the following diets for 13 weeks: low-fat diet, high-fat diet or high-fat diet supplemented (20%) with lingonberry, blackcurrant, bilberry, raspberry, açai, crowberry, prune or blackberry.Results. The groups receiving a high-fat diet supplemented with lingonberries, blackcurrants, raspberries or bilberries gained less weight and had lower fasting insulin levels than the control group receiving high-fat diet without berries. Lingonberries, and also blackcurrants and bilberries, significantly decreased body fat content, hepatic lipid accumulation, and plasma levels of the inflammatory marker PAI-1, as well as mediated positive effects on glucose homeostasis. The group receiving açai displayed increased weight gain and developed large, steatotic livers. Quercetin glycosides were detected in the lingonberry and the blackcurrant diets.Conclusion. Lingonberries were shown to fully or partially prevent the detrimental metabolic effects induced by high-fat diet. Blackcurrants and bilberries had similar properties, but to a lower degree. We propose that the beneficial metabolic effects of lingonberries could be useful in preventing obesity and related disorders.
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Martinussen, Inger, Jens Rohloff, Laura Jakkola, Kajetan Trost, Olavi Junttila, Hely Häggman, and Eivind Uleberg. "METABOLITE PROFILING OF BILBERRIES (VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L.)." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf10281.

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Piberger, Heidi, Anett Oehme, Claudia Hofmann, Andrea Dreiseitel, Philipp G. Sand, Florian Obermeier, Juergen Schoelmerich, Peter Schreier, Gerhard Krammer, and Gerhard Rogler. "Bilberries and their anthocyanins ameliorate experimental colitis." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 55, no. 11 (September 29, 2011): 1724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201100380.

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8

Klavins, Linards, Inessa Maaga, Maris Bertins, Anne Linn Hykkerud, Katja Karppinen, Česlovas Bobinas, Heikki M. Salo, et al. "Trace Element Concentration and Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis in Blueberries and Bilberries: A Tool for Quality and Authenticity Control." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030567.

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Vaccinium genus berries—wild bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cultivated highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)—are consumed worldwide, and their consumption has a trend of stable increase. Thus, considering their wide use in ethnomedicine, for juice and jam production, as functional food, as well as their use in preparations of extracts which have application potential in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, studies regarding the composition of these berries are of special importance. The aim of this study is to characterise the elemental and isotopic composition, as well as variation in element concentration in bilberries gathered from different sites in Northern Europe and in commercially available blueberry samples from across the World. Furthermore, our aim was to develop tools for authenticity and quality control of these berries. The elemental composition of berries was analysed using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission detection (ICP-OED), while isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used for the determination of isotope ratio values. The results demonstrated detectable differences between macro- and microelement values in bilberries. IRMS analysis of blueberries revealed significant differences in isotope ratios based on the place of origin, indicating the possibility to use this analytical method for authenticity testing. In none of the samples, pollution was detected, even though there were indications of different growth conditions and geochemical differences affecting bilberry composition.
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Lyons, Mary M., Chongwoo Yu, R. B. Toma, Sool Yeon Cho, Wendy Reiboldt, Jacqueline Lee, and Richard B. van Breemen. "Resveratrol in Raw and Baked Blueberries and Bilberries." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 20 (September 2003): 5867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf034150f.

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10

Miina, Jari, Timo Pukkala, Juha-Pekka Hotanen, and Kauko Salo. "Optimizing the joint production of timber and bilberries." Forest Ecology and Management 259, no. 10 (April 2010): 2065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.02.017.

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11

Kalt, W., J. E. McDonald, R. D. Ricker, and X. Lu. "Anthocyanin content and profile within and among blueberry species." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-009.

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Anthocyanins in ripe fruit of four Vaccinium species and genotypes within these species were compared, revealing substantial inter- and intra-species variability among these commercial and non-commercial blueberries. The highest total anthocyanin content occurred in the bilberry (V. myrtillus L.). Commercial lowbush blueberry clonal mixtures and wild velvet leaf blueberries (V. myrtilloides L.) had about 43% of the anthocyanin content of bilberries (fresh weight basis). Three commercial highbush cultivars (V. corymbosum L.) had about 30% of the bilberry level, while wild genotypes of highbush blueberries had almost 60% of the bilberry level. Acetylation of anthocyanins occurred widely among all species, except bilberries. Although the proportions of the five blueberry anthocyanidins varied substantially among the commercial blueberries, these differences probably do not contribute substantially to differences in their relative antioxidant capacity. Key words: Vaccinium, bilberry, acetylation, cluster analysis, antioxidant
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12

KASURINEN, A., T. HOLOPAINEN, and S. ANTTONEN. "Mycorrhizal colonisation of highbush blueberry and its native relatives in central Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 10, no. 2 (January 2, 2001): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5683.

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Transmission electromicroscopy, trypan blue staining in combination with stereomicroscope analysis and biochemical ergosterol assay were used to study the mycorrhizal symbionts in wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), bog whortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) roots. TEM-analysis showed that in all species ericoid mycorrhizas formed hyphae coil inside the epidermal root cells. In stereomicroscopic viewing the highest mycorrhizal colonisation was observed in the roots of wild bilberries (51%), whereas according to the ergosterol assay the highest total fungal biomass of roots was found in bog whortleberries (209 mg g-1 of root d. wt). Both ergosterol and microscopical method showed that the mycorrhizal associations in blueberry cultivars and their wild relatives growing on natural soil medium are frequent, although ericoid mycorrhiza formation of highbush blueberries was somewhat weaker than that of wild bilberries and bog whortleberries.
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13

Ginoyan, R. V., N. E. Nazarova, and Yu N. Bondareva. "The production technology of functional yoghurt, enriched with a mixture of dry wheat germ powder and bilberries and blueberries puree." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-283-287.

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The use of dairy products and beverages containing substances useful for health is an effective means of strengthening the protective functions of the human body. The development of new products should be based on a reasonable selection of ingredients that form their composition and properties. One of the most relevant areas in the technology development of functional dairy products, including yogurt, is the identification and use of promising types of traditional plant crops and wild fruit and berry raw materials. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of different doses of a mixture of dry powder suspension of sprouted wheat, and mashed bilberries and blueberries on organoleptic characteristics, individual physical and chemical properties and safety of yogurt. The work is done in of the "Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy". While the research, a set of generally accepted standard research methods was used. Objects of research are samples of yogurt thermostatic with different doses of the components: 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5% of suspension of powder of sprouted wheat and 5.0; 7.0; 9.0; 11.0; 13.0% mashed bilberries and blueberries (1.5: 1.0). The fermentation was performed using dry starter cultures YO-MIX 495 LYO 100 DCU, Danisco Cultures. According to the results of a study designed and optimized component composition of yoghurt, selected dose, the stage and method of making milk of a mixture of additives, experimental studies on adjustment and sequence of technological modes of production of a particular group of samples of yoghurt. Optimal application dose of suspension of sprouted wheat powder in milk mixture amounted to 1.5%, puree of bilberries and blueberries(1.5:1.0) of 7.0%. In the obtained enriched sample the content of carbohydrates increases to 5.40–5.45%, the content of vitamin C-to 3.65-3.75 mg/%. Yogurt meets the requirements established CU TR 021/2011, CU TR 033/2013 and GOST 31981.
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14

Niculescu, Loredan, Gabriela Sanda, Natalia Simionescu, and Anca Sima. "Bilberries exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect in lipid-loaded macrophages." Open Life Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0268-8.

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AbstractWe hypothesized that the mechanism responsible for the anti-atherosclerotic action of bilberry extract (BE) is linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and investigated its direct effect on the regulation of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) secretion from lipid-loaded macrophages. Human THP-1 macrophages were loaded with lipids by incubation with human copper-oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and then exposed to different concentrations of BE (1–5 µg mL−1) obtained from bilberries (mechanically homogenized and solubilized in ethanol). Cellular and secreted proteins, the phosphorylation level of NF-κB and protein kinase A (PKA) were quantified by Western blot and gene expression was evaluated by Real-time PCR. The results showed that BE induced in lipid-loaded macrophages has: (i) an antioxidant effect by reducing the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, p22phox, p47phox and NOX4, (ii) an anti-inflammatory effect by diminishing the secretion of CRP, MCP-1 and IL-1β and (iii) cholesterol efflux by increasing the secretion of apoE and CETP and by reducing cellular cholesterol content. BE exerted these effects by inhibition of NF-κB and activation of PKA signaling pathways. Our study supports BE therapeutic administration to decrease oxidative and inflammatory stress by a molecular mechanism regulated by NF-κB and PKA signaling pathways in lipid-loaded macrophages.
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15

Beeler, Reese B., Mathew T. Sharples, and Erin A. Tripp. "Introgression Among Three Western North American Bilberries (Vaccinium section Myrtillus)." Systematic Botany 45, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613383.

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Abstract—Despite being dominant elements of understory communities in the coniferous forests of western North America, phylogenetic relationships among bilberries (Vaccinium section Myrtillus) remain unresolved. Morphological delimitation among most western bilberry species is tenuous, and traditionally employed molecular sources of phylogenetic information have yielded insufficient variability. Moreover, these species are hypothesized to have undergone extensive introgression. We used RADseq data analyzed with maximum likelihood species tree estimation and Patterson’s D-statistic analyses to examine the influence of introgression on relationships among Vaccinium myrtillus, V. scoparium, and V. cespitosum. Additionally, we used these data to assess whether the populations of V. myrtillus disjunct between North America and Eurasia are monophyletic and should continue to be recognized as conspecific. Significant genome-wide introgression, as determined through D-statistic analyses, was detected between North American samples of V. myrtillus and V. cespitosum, and to a lesser extent, between V. myrtillus and V. scoparium. No significant D-values were detected between V. scoparium and V. cespitosum. Accessions of Vaccinium myrtillus from Eurasia and North America were recovered as non-monophyletic, prompting our proposed resurrection of V. oreophilum for North American material. The long-assumed sister species relationship between V. oreophilum and V. scoparium was not recovered in our analysis. Instead, V. oreophilum and V. cespitosum were inferred to be sister taxa. This study reveals considerable introgression detectable in the evolutionary history of western North American bilberries and demonstrates the utility of RADseq data to resolve species level relationships in groups that undergo reticulate evolution such as Vaccinium.
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Schantz, M., S. Berg, M. Betz, U. Kulozik, S. Leick, H. Rehage, K. Schwarz, M. Baum, and E. Richling. "TRIGGERED GASTROINTESTINAL RELEASE OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM BILBERRIES (VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1017 (January 2014): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1017.46.

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Fraisse, Didier, Alexis Bred, Catherine Felgines, and François Senejoux. "Screening and Characterization of Antiglycoxidant Anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus Fruit Using DPPH and Methylglyoxal Pre-Column HPLC Assays." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060512.

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Vaccinium myrtillus fruit (bilberry) is well known for its high richness in anthocyanins, which may be responsible for its preventive effects on several oxidative and carbonyl stress-related pathologies. However, limited data are available regarding the antioxidant and antiglycative contributions of its constituents. Spectrometric analyses were performed to evaluate anthocyanin content, radical scavenging and antiglycative properties of an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberries. Additionally, original DPPH and methylglyoxal pre-column HPLC methods were instigated to allow straightforward identification of the main contributors to radical and carbonyl trapping effects. Finally, representative pure anthocyanins were evaluated using classical DPPH and antiglycation assays. Delphinidin, petunidin and cyanidin glycosides were identified as the most effective radical scavenging constituents in both HPLC and spectrometric DPPH evaluations. Potent antiglycative activities were also assessed for cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin glucosides as attested by their respective IC50 values of 114.2 ± 7.8, 130.5 ± 2.8, and 132.4 ± 3.7 µM. Interestingly, methylglyoxal spiking evaluation demonstrated that all bilberry anthocyanins exerted noticeable and comparable α-dicarbonyl trapping effects. Anthocyanins can be regarded as potent antiglycoxidant agents that might account for some health benefits of bilberries consumption. Besides, significant differences in their contributions were successfully highlighted by the employed pre-column HPLC assays.
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Ştefănescu, Ruxandra Emilia, Sigrid Eșianu, Eszter Laczkó-Zöld, Anca Mare, Bianca Tudor, and Maria Titica Dogaru. "Short Period Storage Impact on Bioactive Constituents from Bilberries and Blueberries." Acta Medica Marisiensis 63, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2017-0010.

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Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess storage effects on anthocyanin and total polyphenol content in different bilberry and blueberry extracts and to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of these extracts. Materials and methods: Total phenolic content, total monomeric anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were determined in the first month and after three months storage of berries at either -20 °C or -50 °C. Two different solvents were used (methanol and 50% ethanol). Antibacterial activity was determined for the 3 months stored fruits using a microdilution method and was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: There were significant differences between the concentration in the first month and after three months storage in both types of fruit extracts. Regarding the extracting solvent, we noticed that total phenols were better extracted with 50% ethanol, while the total monomeric anthocyanin content was higher in the methanolic extracts. No significant or slightly significant differences were observed between the fruits stored at -20 °C or -50 °C. Ethanolic extracts showed the highest scavenging activity. Good antibacterial activity was observed on gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Storage conditions are an important factor that can influence chemical composition of fruits. Although freezing is a good option for preservation, our study showed a high decrease in the concentration of total phenols and anthocyanins after only three months. The fruits have shown a high antioxidant activity and a good antibacterial effect. Further studies are needed for better understanding the changes that can appear during the storage.
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Lätti, Anja K., Laura Jaakola, Kaisu R. Riihinen, and Pirjo S. Kainulainen. "Anthocyanin and Flavonol Variation in Bog Bilberries (Vaccinium uliginosumL.) in Finland." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, no. 1 (January 13, 2010): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf903033m.

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Wójciak-Kosior, Magdalena, Renata Marek, Anna Sokołowska-Krzaczek, Wioletta Pietrzak, Ireneusz Sowa, and Ryszard Kocjan. "Determination of oleanolic and ursolic acid in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.)." Current Issues of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 25, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12923/j.2084-980x/25.2/a.07.

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21

Erlund, I., J. Marniemi, P. Hakala, G. Alfthan, E. Meririnne, and A. Aro. "Consumption of black currants, lingonberries and bilberries increases serum quercetin concentrations." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, no. 1 (January 2003): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601513.

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22

Kolehmainen, Marjukka, Otto Mykkänen, Pirkka V. Kirjavainen, Tiina Leppänen, Eeva Moilanen, Michiel Adriaens, David E. Laaksonen, et al. "Bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 56, no. 10 (September 7, 2012): 1501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200195.

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23

Može, Špela, Tomaž Polak, Lea Gašperlin, Darinka Koron, Andreja Vanzo, Nataša Poklar Ulrih, and Veronika Abram. "Phenolics in Slovenian Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, no. 13 (July 13, 2011): 6998–7004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf200765n.

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Wätjen, U., Y. Spasova, M. Vasile, Z. Szántó, H. Emteborg, and O. Voitsekhovych. "Certification of the reference material IRMM-426 for radionuclides in dried bilberries." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 87 (May 2014): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.139.

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Nikolic, Milena, Aleksandra Pavlovic, Milan Mitic, Snezana Mitic, Snezana Tosic, Jelena Mrmosanin, and Emilija Pecev-Marinkovic. "Effect of Thermal Processing on Anthocyanin Degradation in Two Bilberry Jam Formulations." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.3.7971.

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Fresh bilberries were processed into sugar and sugar-low jams at high temperatures (90, 95, 100 and 105 �C) in order to follow degradation of total and individual anthocyanins. The greatest reten-tion of all examined compounds was observed in sugar-low jam prepared at 90 �C for 5 minutes, while the greatest loss was detected in sugar jam prepared at 105 �C for 30 min. Cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were found to be the most stable, while delphinidin-3-arabinoside and petunidin-3-arabinoside were the least stable.
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Mueller, Dolores, Kathrin Jung, Manuel Winter, Dorothee Rogoll, Ralph Melcher, Ulrich Kulozik, Karin Schwarz, and Elke Richling. "Encapsulation of anthocyanins from bilberries – Effects on bioavailability and intestinal accessibility in humans." Food Chemistry 248 (May 2018): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.058.

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Nilova, L. P., R. A. Ikramov, and S. M. Malyutenkova. "The effect of microwave heating on the optical characteristics of berry extracts." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-218-224.

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The paper presents the optical characteristics of extracts obtained from marc berries of the heather family - lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries and blueberries. To obtain extracts, the berries were pressed by electromechanical method. From the obtained marc berries, water extracts were obtained in a microwave oven with a power of 800 W and a generation frequency of 2450 MHz for different exposure modes from 288 W to 800 W. Hydraulic module 1:10. The duration of the microwave heating 60 seconds. Controls were extracts obtained using hot water and infusion for 10 minutes. The optical characteristics of the juices and extracts from the marc berries were measured spectrophotometrically in the wavelength range of 410-630 nm. The maximum values of the optical spectra were recorded at D520, regardless of the berries used. An increase in the power of the microwave effect led to an increase in the optical values of the spectra of the extracts: bilberry > blueberry> lingonberry> cranberry. The optical characteristics of microwave extracts reached control values when exposed to 464 W for bilberries and blueberries, 648 W for lingonberries and 800 W for cranberries, which affected the color intensity and color coordinates, but did not significantly affect the shade, with the exception of bilberries. The color coordinates of bilberry extracts were closest to the color coordinates of the juices, the hue was more intense than in the juices, but was within the limits characteristic of the formation of color under the influence of anthocyanins. Bilberry extracts had a higher color intensity than blueberry extracts, but smaller shade values. Optical characteristics of berry extracts can be used to optimize the hydronic module and extraction modes.
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TIHAUAN, BIANCA-MARIA, IOANA-CRISTINA MARINAS, CORALIA BLEOTU, GEORGIANA DOLETE, TATIANA ONISEI, FLOAREA SERBANCEA, CRISTINA MATEESCU, and MANUELA RĂSCOL RĂSCOL. "Evaluation of cytotoxicity, nutritional and antioxidative status of lyophilized plant extracts used in dietary supplements." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 26, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 2396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/26.2/2396.2405.

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Immune functions are indispensable in defending the body against pathogens and thus play a vital role in maintaining health. Immune functions are disturbed by malnutrition, aging, physical and mental stress or unwanted lifestyle. Therefore, the intake of immunomodulatory dietary supplements is considered effective in improving immune functions and reducing the incidence of immunological disorders. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative status of lyophilized plant extracts, such as rosehip (Rosa canina), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) and bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), their cytotoxicity and nutritional status, in order to effectively utilize them as ingredients in a dietary supplement with immunomodulatory properties.
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Mueller, Dolores, Kathrin Jung, Manuel Winter, Dorothee Rogoll, Ralph Melcher, and Elke Richling. "Human intervention study to investigate the intestinal accessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins from bilberries." Food Chemistry 231 (September 2017): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.130.

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Rehnmark, Anna, and Ingrid Strömberg. "Antioxidant-Enriched Diet Affects Early Microglia Accumulation and Promotes Regeneration of the Striatal Dopamine System after a 6-Hydroxidopamine-Induced Lesion in a Rat." Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 6 (January 2012): JEN.S10424. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jen.s10424.

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Neuroinflammation is found both in the brain of humans suffering from Parkinson's disease and in animal models of disease. It is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, in order to study the effects of antioxidants on neuroinflammation, microglial phenotypes were evaluated in rats fed with diets containing bilberries, blueberries, or crowberries at 1 and 4 weeks following striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The dopamine innervation was visualized using antibodies raised against tyrosine hydroxlase (TH) in the striatum and in the globus pallidus. One week post-lesion, the expression of Iba1-positive cells, a general microglial marker, was significantly increased in the striatum of all animals fed with antioxidant-enriched diets compared to control-diet fed animals, while the diameter of the TH-negative zone was similar in all animals. At four weeks post-lesion, the Iba1-positive microglia was significantly reduced in animals fed with antioxidant-enriched diets. The diameter of the TH-negative zone was significantly reduced in animals fed bilberry and crowberry. The expression and distribution of ED1-positive cells was similar to that of Iba1-positive cells found in the lesioned areas. A cell division marker Ki67 revealed that few microglia were proliferating in crowberry-treated animals. Otherwise dividing cells were associated with blood capillary cells. Although the antioxidant level should be equal in the entire brain, no regeneration was found in globus pallidus, suggesting the mechanism promoting regeneration in the striatum is not effective in the globus pallidus. In conclusion, diets rich in bilberries and crowberries and with high contents of antioxidants stimulate an early phase of accumulation of reactive migroglia that fades at longer time points i.e. promotes regeneration of the striatal dopamine system.
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Riedl, Marcel, Vilém Jarský, Daniel Zahradník, Petra Palátová, Roman Dudík, Jitka Meňházová, and Luděk Šišák. "Analysis of Significant Factors Influencing the Amount of Collected Forest Berries in the Czech Republic." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101114.

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Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.), blackberries (Rubus fruticosus L.) and cowberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) are the most important forest berries collected in the Czech Republic (CZ). The average annual value of these collected berry species is estimated to be worth more than EUR 86 million at 2018 prices. The data concerning the collection and use of forest fruits have been systematically collected in a highly detailed structure since 2008, which enables the application of the advanced statistical methods used in this paper. The results of the analyses inter alia demonstrate that collecting forest berries is not only an important recreational activity, but it has an important economic effect. Therefore, this article also deals with the collection of forest fruits, especially bilberries, as a potentially important non-wood forest product (NWFP) for sustainable forest management and also analyses the external factors influencing the total annual amount of collected forest berries. A deeper knowledge of the customer and his or her behaviour—customer insight—are prerequisites for the proactive management of forest ecosystems. The first step to “berry picker insight” is to learn more about the demand, its structure and factors which influence this demand. Thus, one of the research questions concentrates on the analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics of the berry picker that are relevant for explaining the amount of collected forest berries in the Czech Republic. Knowledge of these factors can contribute to a more effective application of marketing methods for shaping and influencing the demand so that, in terms of time and place, it is more in line with the supply, which is limited by the natural conditions, growing season and production potential of forest ecosystems.
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Neamtu, Andreea-Adriana, Rita Szoke-Kovacs, Emoke Mihok, Cecilia Georgescu, Violeta Turcus, Neli Kinga Olah, Adina Frum, et al. "Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Extracts Comparative Analysis Regarding Their Phytonutrient Profiles, Antioxidant Capacity along with the In Vivo Rescue Effects Tested on a Drosophila melanogaster High-Sugar Diet Model." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111067.

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Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) have been reported to hold a plentitude of health-promoting properties beyond basic nutrition, mainly attributed to their anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. In this article, we built the phytochemical profile of three wild bilberry fruit extract formulations (aqueous, methanolic, and hydro-methanolic) using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS putative analysis, identifying 88 individual phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids (total content 8.41 ± 0.11 mg QE/g dw), free amino acids, polyphenols (total content 21.68 ± 0.19 mg GAE/g dw), carboxylic acids, and vitamins. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed, reaching 78.03 ± 0.16% DPPH free radical scavenging activity, comparable to literature values determined for bilberry extracts of other origin. Due to the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and based on the reviewed benefits of bilberries, we tested the most potent formulation of our bilberry extracts in this biological context. The in vivo rescue effect of a bilberry extract supplemented diet on Drosophila melanogaster was assessed by monitoring biochemical and genomic markers. Hemolymph trehalose levels were halved upon addition of 3% hydro-methanolic bilberry extract to a high-sugar (1.5 M sucrose) diet, as compared to the non-supplemented high-sugar diet. Noteworthy, the rescue seen for flies kept on the bilberry extract supplemented high-sugar diet appeared to parallel the trehalose levels observed in the case of the control diet (50 mM sucrose) flies. Moreover, next to the trehalose-lowering type of in vivo effects, other gene expression related rescues were also detected for genes such as InR, Akh, AstA, AstC, Irk, Npc2g, and CCHa2 upon supplementation of the high-sugar diet with our hydro-methanolic bilberry fruit extract. Our findings suggest that such a bilberry fruit extract could generate physiological and genomic type of compensatory mechanisms so that further translational approaches would advance the understanding of some human specific pathological conditions.
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Hilz, Hauke, Edwin J. Bakx, Henk A. Schols, and Alfons G. J. Voragen. "Cell wall polysaccharides in black currants and bilberries—characterisation in berries, juice, and press cake." Carbohydrate Polymers 59, no. 4 (March 2005): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.11.002.

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34

Crespo, M. Carmen, and Francesco Visioli. "A Brief Review of Blue- and Bilberries’ Potential to Curb Cardio-Metabolic Perturbations: Focus on Diabetes." Current Pharmaceutical Design 23, no. 7 (April 12, 2017): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161010120523.

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Åkerström, Andreas, Laura Jaakola, Ulla Bång, and Anders Jäderlund. "Effects of Latitude-Related Factors and Geographical Origin on Anthocyanidin Concentrations in Fruits ofVaccinium myrtillusL. (Bilberries)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, no. 22 (November 24, 2010): 11939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf102407n.

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36

Furlan, Cibele Priscila Busch, Sandra Costa Valle, Mário Roberto Maróstica, Elin Östman, Inger Björck, and Juscelino Tovar. "Effect of bilberries, lingonberries and cinnamon on cardiometabolic risk-associated markers following a hypercaloric-hyperlipidic breakfast." Journal of Functional Foods 60 (September 2019): 103443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103443.

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37

Kalt, W. "Health Functionality of Blueberries." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 693b—693. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.693b.

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Fruit extract of the European blueberry, or bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), is a major component of a great number of pharmaceutical and food supplement products. Compared to most small fruits, bilberry has a high concentration of anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanins are of biomedical interest due to their properties as antioxidants and protein cross linkers. The major clinical applications for anthocyanins are in ophthalmology, blood vessel and connective tissue disorders, and diabetes. Bilberries are harvested from wild stands throughout Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and at higher altitudes in southeastern France. Because they are wild, a wide array of genotypes make up the commercial product. As part of an investigation of the nutraceutical components of North American wild lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium), we are comparing the anthocyanins and other phenolic components from fruit of commercially available Vaccinium species. We are particularly interested in the variation in composition among Vaccinium clones and species.
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Stefkov, Gjoshe, Slavcho Hristovski, Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva, Marina Stefova, Ljupcho Melovski, and Svetlana Kulevanova. "Resource assessment and economic potential of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium uliginosum) on Osogovo Mtn., R. Macedonia." Industrial Crops and Products 61 (November 2014): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.053.

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39

Roos, Yrjö, and Jorma J. Laine. "Freeze-drying and its application to some Finnish agricultural products." Agricultural and Food Science 57, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72193.

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This study deals with the freeze-drying of berries, vegetables, roots and pork produced in Finland. The products were freeze dried whole, in slices or cubes. The pressure in the drying chamber was 10—20 Pa and the maximum surface temperature +23—+ 40°C. The products were packed after freeze-drying into glass jars under air and in polyester-aluminium-polyethene foil under vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere. The drying temperatures and drying times were measured. During storage for 4 months, the differences in quality were evaluated. The drying times ranged from 8 to 25 hours. The moisture content of the dry products was 1—3 %. The sublimation rate at the beginning of the drying process was very rapid, being there after constant. Bilberries, carrots and radishes collapsed during drying. Most of the products dried moistened and underwent aroma changes during storage in glass jars under air. The products packed under vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere proved stable.
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40

Cristani, M., A. Speciale, F. Mancari, T. Arcoraci, D. Ferrari, D. Fratantonio, A. Saija, F. Cimino, and D. Trombetta. "Protective activity of an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberries and blackcurrants on acute acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats." Natural Product Research 30, no. 24 (March 21, 2016): 2845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1160235.

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41

Teller, Nicole, Wilko Thiele, Timothy H. Marczylo, Andreas J. Gescher, Ute Boettler, Jonathan Sleeman, and Doris Marko. "Suppression of the Kinase Activity of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases by Anthocyanin-Rich Mixtures Extracted from Bilberries and Grapes." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, no. 8 (April 22, 2009): 3094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf803094a.

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42

Siitari, H., J. Honkavaara, and J. Viitala. "Ultraviolet reflection of berries attracts foraging birds. A laboratory study with redwings (Turdus iliacus) and bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus)." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 266, no. 1433 (October 22, 1999): 2125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0897.

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43

Habanova, Marta, Jorge A. Saraiva, Miroslav Haban, Marianna Schwarzova, Peter Chlebo, Lenka Predna, Jan Gažo, and Joanna Wyka. "Intake of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) reduced risk factors for cardiovascular disease by inducing favorable changes in lipoprotein profiles." Nutrition Research 36, no. 12 (December 2016): 1415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.010.

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44

Lankinen, Maria, Ursula Schwab, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Jussi Paananen, Kaisa Poutanen, Hannu Mykkänen, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, Helena Gylling, Matti Uusitupa, and Matej Orešič. "Whole Grain Products, Fish and Bilberries Alter Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Randomized, Controlled Trial: The Sysdimet Study." PLoS ONE 6, no. 8 (August 25, 2011): e22646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022646.

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45

Müller, Dolores, Markus Schantz, and Elke Richling. "High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Anthocyanins in Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and Corresponding Juices." Journal of Food Science 77, no. 4 (March 6, 2012): C340—C345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02605.x.

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46

Nilsson, Robert, Mileva Mićić, Jelena Filipović, Ana Valenta Šobot, Dunja Drakulić, Miloš Stanojlović, and Gordana Joksiċ. "Inhibition by blueberries (bilberries) and extract from milk thistle of rat forestomach hyperplasia induced by oral smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus)." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 76 (April 2016): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.01.017.

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47

Lankinen, Maria, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Tiina Jääskeläinen, Jussi Paananen, Laura Joukamo, Antti J. Kangas, Pasi Soininen, et al. "Effects of Whole Grain, Fish and Bilberries on Serum Metabolic Profile and Lipid Transfer Protein Activities: A Randomized Trial (Sysdimet)." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): e90352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090352.

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48

Czyżowska, Agata, Agnieszka Wilkowska, Agnieszka Staszczak (Mianowska), and Agnieszka Nowak. "Characterization of Phytochemicals in Berry Fruit Wines Analyzed by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Photodiode-Array Detection and Electrospray Ionization/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MSn) and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121783.

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Fruits are a valuable source of phytochemicals. However, there is little detailed information about the compounds contained in fruit wines. In this study, wines from six different berries were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. About 150 compounds were identified, including anthocyanins (34), hydroxycinnamic acids (12) and flavonols (36). Some of the compounds were identified for the first time in berry wines. The blackberry wines were found to contain the largest number of bioactive compounds (59). Elderberry wines where the richest source of polyphenols (over 1000 mg/L) and contained the largest amounts of all of the analyzed groups of compounds (hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins and flavonols). The lowest concentration of polyphenols was observed in the wines made from cranberries and bilberries (less than 500 mg/L). The antioxidant activity was determined in relation to ABTS+, DPPH, and FRAP. The highest values were observed in the blackberry wines, and the lowest for the cranberry wines. The wines were analyzed to test their antimicrobial activity. Five of the six wines (with the exception of elderberry wine) inhibited Bacillus cereus growth and two (blackberry and cranberry wines) were active against Listeria monocytogenes.
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Tahvanainen, Veera, Jari Miina, and Mikko Kurttila. "Climatic and Economic Factors Affecting the Annual Supply of Wild Edible Mushrooms and Berries in Finland." Forests 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050385.

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Finnish non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are valued on the national and international markets. Yet, the annual marketed quantities vary considerably, causing instability in supply chains. Thus, climatic and economic factors affecting the annually aggregated supply of top-marketed mushrooms (ceps, milk caps, and chanterelle) and berries (bilberry, cowberry, and cloudberry) in Finland were studied. Data on mushroom and berry market prices (€/kg) and quantities (kg) were obtained from the statistics on annual quantities of berries and mushrooms bought by organized trade and industry in Finland (1978–2016). The species-specific supply functions were described as linear regression models, where annually aggregated quantities were predicted as a function of climatic and economic variables. Our results suggested that climatic variables influenced the marketed quantities of NTFPs through the biological yields of berries and mushrooms, and that the market price had a negative effect on the marketed quantities of ceps, milk caps, and berries. The markets for NTFPs have become more international at the second half of the study period (1999–2016), modifying the price-quantity relationships of ceps, milk caps and cloudberries. Additionally, the number of visas issued to Thai pickers increased the marketed quantities of bilberries and cowberries.
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Hanhineva, Kati, Maria A. Lankinen, Anna Pedret, Ursula Schwab, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Jussi Paananen, Vanessa de Mello, et al. "Nontargeted Metabolite Profiling Discriminates Diet-Specific Biomarkers for Consumption of Whole Grains, Fatty Fish, and Bilberries in a Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Nutrition 145, no. 1 (November 12, 2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.196840.

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