Academic literature on the topic 'Bilayer shape changes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bilayer shape changes"
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Evans, E., and A. Yeung. "Hidden dynamics in rapid changes of bilayer shape." Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 73, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(94)90173-2.
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Häckl, W., M. Bärmann, and E. Sackmann. "Shape Changes of Self-Assembled Actin Bilayer Composite Membranes." Physical Review Letters 80, no. 8 (February 23, 1998): 1786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.80.1786.
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Fyles, T. M., D. Loock, and X. Zhou. "Ion channels based on bis-macrocyclic bolaamphiphiles: effects of hydrophobic substitutions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-097.
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Four new bis-macrocyclic bolaamphiphiles were prepared to explore the effects of hydrophobic substitutions on ion transport. In bilayer vesicles the new compounds were remarkably similar to more hydrophilic derivatives prepared previously. Planar bilayer conductance experiments showed the new compounds induced an unique current-time signal consisting of a rapid rise time, followed by a slower decay time. Signal shape was cation dependent and was related to a modest selectivity between cations. Cation-anion selectivity was very high, approaching an ideal cation selectivity. One compound also showed voltage dependence of the signal shape and duration. Qualitative changes in signal shape, duration, and voltage dependence were provoked by variation in the electrolyte pH and by masking the head-group electrostatic interactions with low levels of barium ions. A model for the signal shape is proposed, involving a rapid current rise due to aggregate restructuring, followed by slower decay due to development of the local Donnan potential that results from the high cation-anion selectivity.Key words: ion channel, synthesis, bilayer membrane, bilayer clamp, mechanism.
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Hueck, I. S., H. G. Hollweg, G. W. Schmid-Schönbein, and G. M. Artmann. "Chlorpromazine modulates the morphological macro- and microstructure of endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 278, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): C873—C878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.278.5.c873.
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Chlorpromazine (CP), an amphipathic, antipsychotic agent, causes concave membrane bending in red blood cells with formation of stomatocytic shapes by modulation of the phospholipid bilayer. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CP on the shape of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and their membranes in confluent monolayers with phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy. Exposure of BAECs to nanomolar levels of CP leads to membrane curvature changes. With increasing CP concentrations, the membrane assumed a shape with enhanced numbers of intracellular caveolae and projection of pseudopodia at all junctions. At higher CP concentrations (up to 150 μM), the endothelial cells assumed almost spherical shapes. The evidence suggests that CP may affect lipid bilayer bending of BAECs in analogy with previous observations on erythrocytes, supporting the formation of caveolae and pseudopodia in BAECs due to the induction of concave membrane bending, as well as an effect on endothelial cell membrane adhesion at higher CP concentrations with loss of cellular attachment at junctions.
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Redman, CM, T. Huima, E. Robbins, S. Lee, and WL Marsh. "Effect of phosphatidylserine on the shape of McLeod red cell acanthocytes." Blood 74, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 1826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.5.1826.1826.
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Abstract The rare McLeod blood group phenotype is characterized by weak Kell antigens, lack of the common Kx antigen, and acanthocytic morphology. Previous studies that did not detect membrane or cytoskeletal protein abnormalities suggested a lipid disturbance. In normal red cells, dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine (DMPS) is transported across the membrane by an enzymatic process and accumulates in the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer causing discocyte to stomatocyte shape changes. Scanning electron microscopy of McLeod red cells shows a mixture comprised of 15% discocytes, 51% with irregular surfaces, and 34% acanthocytes. On incubation with various concentrations of DMPS at 37 degrees C for periods up to two hours, McLeod red cells transported DMPS across the membrane and caused irregularly shaped and acanthocytic McLeod red cells to attain normal discocyte shape and later to become stomatocytes. Chlorpromazine, which at 0 degrees C preferentially partitions into the inner monolayer of the membrane, had a similar effect on the shape of McLeod red cells. This suggests that in McLeod cells acanthocytosis is due to a lack of lipid in the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer but that the imbalance is not caused by defective transport of phosphatidylserine across the membrane.
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Redman, CM, T. Huima, E. Robbins, S. Lee, and WL Marsh. "Effect of phosphatidylserine on the shape of McLeod red cell acanthocytes." Blood 74, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 1826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.5.1826.bloodjournal7451826.
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The rare McLeod blood group phenotype is characterized by weak Kell antigens, lack of the common Kx antigen, and acanthocytic morphology. Previous studies that did not detect membrane or cytoskeletal protein abnormalities suggested a lipid disturbance. In normal red cells, dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine (DMPS) is transported across the membrane by an enzymatic process and accumulates in the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer causing discocyte to stomatocyte shape changes. Scanning electron microscopy of McLeod red cells shows a mixture comprised of 15% discocytes, 51% with irregular surfaces, and 34% acanthocytes. On incubation with various concentrations of DMPS at 37 degrees C for periods up to two hours, McLeod red cells transported DMPS across the membrane and caused irregularly shaped and acanthocytic McLeod red cells to attain normal discocyte shape and later to become stomatocytes. Chlorpromazine, which at 0 degrees C preferentially partitions into the inner monolayer of the membrane, had a similar effect on the shape of McLeod red cells. This suggests that in McLeod cells acanthocytosis is due to a lack of lipid in the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer but that the imbalance is not caused by defective transport of phosphatidylserine across the membrane.
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Krapež Tomec, Daša, Aleš Straže, Andreas Haider, and Mirko Kariž. "Hygromorphic Response Dynamics of 3D-Printed Wood-PLA Composite Bilayer Actuators." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 3209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193209.
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The use of wood particles in wood-plastic composites (WPC) is well known and similar use could occur in materials for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Wood particles could be one of the possible solutions in the search for natural-based materials to minimize the use of synthetic-origin materials in additive manufacturing. Wood particles for 3D printing filaments can be made from wood waste and could serve as a cheap filler or as a value-added reinforcing component, depending on their properties and incorporation. The disadvantages of wood (dimensional changes due to water adsorption and desorption) could be used as functions when dimensional change is desirable, such as in shape-changing 4D printing materials. In this research, FDM printing materials made of polylactic acid (PLA), with different amounts of wood particles, were used to design moisture-induced shape-changing bilayer actuators, which could serve as a principle for active façade or ventilation valves. The initial research shows that the wood content in the WPC causes dimensional changes and thus shape changes of the designed actuators under changing climates. The shape change depends on the ratio of the materials in the two-layered actuator and the wood content in the wood-PLA composite used, and thus on sorption. The rate of the shape change behaves in the same way: the higher the wood content, the greater the change observed. The dynamics of the hygromorphism of bimaterial composites is greater with a small amount of added hygromechanically active material.
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Pazukha, I. M., D. O. Shuliarenko, S. R. Dolgov-Gordiichuk, and L. V. Odnodvorets. "Magnetoresistive Properties of Multilayer Film Systems Based on Permalloy and Silver." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.1.175-179.
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In this paper, the experimental investigation focuses on the magnetoresistive properties of nanosized film systems. Their structure changes from layered to granular due to transition from bilayer FM/NM (FM is a ferromagnetic material, NM is a nonmagnetic material) to [FM/NM]n multilayer film at a constant total thickness of samples. As ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic materials were chosen permalloy Ni80Fe20 (Py) and Ag, respectively. It was demonstrated that the shape of the field dependences of magnetoresistance depends on the number of bilayer Py/Ag. For as-deposited [Py/Ag]n/S at n = 8, 16, the transition from the antiferromagnetic ordering of magnetic moments to ferromagnetic one occurs under an external magnetic field. As a result, the resistivity of the samples reduced, and the giant magnetoresistive effect was realized. The increase of the number of bilayers repeats from 2 to 16 at the unchanged total thickness of the system leads to the growth of the magnetoresistance from 0.1 % to 0.35 %. During annealing up to 600 K, the magnetoresistive effect is reduced, but it does not disappear completely
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Backman, L. "Shape control in the human red cell." Journal of Cell Science 80, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.80.1.281.
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When the human red cell consumes its ATP, the cell loses its discoid character in favour of a spiculated and eventually a spherical form. This discocyte-echinocyte transformation parallels both degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid but not dephosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins. Dephosphorylation of both spectrin and band 3 lags behind metabolic crenation. Exogenous vanadate accelerates both shape changes and lipid dephosphorylation in a parallel manner during metabolic depletion. In contrast to its effect on lipids, vanadate reduces the rate of protein dephosphorylation. These observations strongly support a shape control mechanism in the red cell, based on phosphoinositide metabolism and compatible with a bilayer-couple model.
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Barns, Sarah, Emilie Sauret, Suvash Saha, Robert Flower, and Yuan Tong Gu. "Two-Layer Red Blood Cell Membrane Model Using the Discrete Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 846 (July 2016): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.270.
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The red blood cell (RBC) membrane consists of a lipid bilayer and spectrin-based cytoskeleton, which enclose haemoglobin-rich fluid. Numerical models of RBCs typically integrate the two membrane components into a single layer, preventing investigation of bilayer-cytoskeleton interaction. To address this constraint, a new RBC model which considers the bilayer and cytoskeleton separately is developed using the discrete element method (DEM). This is completed in 2D as a proof-of-concept, with an extension to 3D planned in the future. Resting RBC morphology predicted by the two-layer model is compared to an equivalent and well-established composite (one-layer) model with excellent agreement for critical cell dimensions. A parametric study is performed where area reduction ratio and spring constants are varied. It is found that predicted resting geometry is relatively insensitive to changes in spring stiffness, but a shape variation is observed for reduction ratio changes as expected.
Book chapters on the topic "Bilayer shape changes"
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"Role of Liposomes Composite as Drug Transport Mechanism." In Materials Research Foundations, 230–43. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901076-9.
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Liposomes are spherical shaped vesicles comprising of at least one phospholipid bilayer that serve as a novel drug delivery framework. They are microscopic structures in which a fluid system is totally encased by a film made out of lipid bilayers. It varies in size, conformation, charge and drug transporter stacked with assortment of particles, for example, small molecules of drug, plasmids, nucleotides or proteins and so on. Ongoing advances in nanotherapeutics have brought about engineered liposomes rising in nanomedicine, giving better restorative control of diseased states. This has made ready for the improvement of second-stage liposomes for increased efficiency and could at last lead to a change in perspective from the regular drug delivery methods.
Conference papers on the topic "Bilayer shape changes"
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Sarlo, Rodrigo, and Donald Leo. "Directional Sensitivity Analysis of a Hydrogel-Supported Artificial Hair Cell." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3148.
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An artificial hair cell sensor imitates the function of cilia in natural hair cells in order to detect surrounding fluid displacement. Here, a novel structure for creating artificial hair cell sensors uses established methods of creating lipid bilayers at the interfaces of millimeter scale hydrogel shapes. This paper describes the fabrication of the sensor components and the manner in which they are assembled and tested. The hair’s vibration can be detected by monitoring changes in the current produced by mechanical fluctuations in the bilayer. The cross-sectional geometry of the hair can be changed to enable directional sensitivity. Spectral analysis of the sensor current response indicates that frequencies and magnitudes change when a flattened hair is excited in different directions. Finally, the sensor is shown to become more sensitive with applied potential across the bilayer. Results agree with similar studies on this phenomenon.
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Suthar, Rahul Jitendrab, and Mohammad Shavezipur. "Temperature Compensation in MEMS Capacitive Pressure Sensors for Harsh Environment Applications." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86357.
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A novel design for MEMS capacitive pressure sensors is presented that can effectively eliminate the temperature drift in sensor for high temperature applications. The design uses a bilayer membrane made of a thin metal film deposited on the top of membrane to balance the deformation the membrane experiences when the ambient temperature changes. The thermal expansion mismatch of the metal layer and the membrane results in out-of-plane bending if the temperature changes. This deformation can compensate the deformation in the membrane due to the temperature change. By optimizing the dimensions of the top metal layer (shape and thickness), it is possible to minimize the change in the device capacitance due to temperature rise. A coupled-field multiphysics solver in ANSYS® APDL is used for design, simulation and optimization of the sensor’s structure and to solve the governing equations of the coupled electrostatic and structural physics. The membrane material is silicon carbide (SiC), the top metal layer is nickel (Ni) and the substrate is a single-crystal silicon wafer. The thickness and dimensions of top metal layer is optimized using FEM simulations. The results display a very stable capacitance value for a large pressure range and over a wide range of ambient temperature (0–600°C), demonstrating the proposed design can effectively eliminate the temperature effect. Different pressure values ranging from 0.0 to 20 bars have been examined in the simulations and for most of the pressure range, a highly stable capacitance value is observed with less than 0.5% error over 600 °C temperature range.
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Maftouni, Negin, M. Amininasab, and Farshad Kowsari. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Nanobio Membranes." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13277.
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Molecular models of lipid bilayers have ignored the interface of two monolayers of nanobiomembranes in detail by now, however in this paper a new physical model is proposed based on variation of surface tension in the interface of two monolayers of membrane. Experimental results have shown that some peptides and proteins like antimicrobial peptides and cytotoxins are able to change the shape of — or in some cases to destroy — the bilayer membrane during insertion to external monolayer. All interfaces in nanobiomembrane are liquid-liquid type. In this paper appropriate ensembles to simulate liquid/liquid interfaces are presented with special focus on proper ones for surface tension analysis.
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Lanza, F., A. Beretz, M. Kubina, and J.-P. Cazenave. "INCREASED AGGREGATION AND SECRETION RESPONSES OF HUMAN PLATELETS WHEN LOADED WITH THE CALCIUM FLUORESCENT PROBES QUIN2 AND FURA-2." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643760.
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Incubation of human platelets with the fluorescent dye esters quin2-AM (10 μM) or fura-2-AM (1 μM) makes possible the direct measurement of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+1).Underthese conditions, basal levels of [Ca2+]i of 120 ± 16 nM (n=23) using quin2 and 137 ± 15 nM (n=5) using fura-2 can be measured. Both probes record comparable increases of [Ca2 ]i after stimulation with ADP, thrombin, PAF, or U-46619. Incorporation into human platelets of quin2 or fura-2 at the concentrations used to monitor [Ca2+]i leads to the activation of platelets. This was shown by increased aggregation and secretion responses of quin2or fura-2 loaded platelets after stimulationwith ADP (5 μM), PAF (1 μM) and with low concentrations of thrombin (0.015U/ml), collagen (0.5 μg/ml), the endoperoxide analog U-46619 (0.5 μM) or the calcium ionophore A 23187 (1 μM). Quin2 and fura-2 mediated platelet activation could be due to altered arachidonic acid metabolism, since it was partly inhibited by prior treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor acetylsalicylate (1 μM). In contrast, platelets loaded with higher concentrations of calcium chelators (20 to 100 μM quin2-AM)exhibited diminished aggregation responses to all aggregating agents. Thislatter effectwas accompanied by increased fluidity of theplatelet plasma membrane bilayer and by the exposure of a new pool of membranes at the outer surface of platelets, as monitored withtrimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) in platelets loaded with thenon-fluorescent calcium probe analog MAPT. Platelet shape change, as measured in the aggregometer, was dose-dependently inhibited after loading of quin2 (10-50 μM quin2-AM), even at concentrations which potentiated aggregation. We conclude that incorporation of intracellular calcium chelators alters platelet responses, including at concentrations used to monitor intracellular calcium changes.
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Tamaddoni, Nima, and Stephen A. Sarles. "Mechanotransduction of Multi-Hair Droplet Arrays." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7551.
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Early embodiments of droplet interface bilayer (DIB)-based hair cell sensors demonstrated the capability of sensing discrete and continuous perturbations, including single flicks and constant airflow, respectively, of a hair structure that is held in close proximity to a single lipid membrane. In those studies, the use of a single bilayer formed between a pair of droplets provided the necessary environment for studying the physical mechanism of mechanotransduction of a membrane-based sensor as well as the sensitivity and directionality of the assembly. More recently, we showed that additional lipid-coated droplets could be connected in series to form multi-bilayer arrays. Measurements of bilayer current through each interface demonstrated that perturbation of the hair creates a vibration that propagates across several droplets, allowing for the additional interfaces to also sense the perturbation. Depending on the location of the hair in the droplet array, these sensing currents can occur in-phase with one another, allowing for a total sensing current to be easily summed. Two important remaining questions about multi-bilayer arrays include: 1) How is signal propagation affected by the configuration of droplets in the array? 2) How does perturbation of multiple hair structures affect signal propagation and sensing currents in a droplet-array? To study these questions, we form linear series and L-shaped arrays of DIBs where each droplet is instrumented with a sensing electrode. Our experiments show that the motion of the perturbed hair can be transduced by up to three membranes away from the hair and that a change in the orientation of successive interfaces does not significantly affect the propagation of vibrational energy. Separately, experiments on serial arrays with multiple hairs indicate that a second, unperturbed hair does not affect bilayer currents generated by the perturbed hair and that hairs of varying length can add frequency selectivity and stimulus localization capability to multi-bilayer sensors.
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Maftouni, Negin, Mehriar Amininasab, MohammadReza Ejtehadi, and Farshad Kowsari. "Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanobio Membrane in Interaction With Protein." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93054.
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One of the most important biological components is lipid nanobio membrane. The lipid membranes of alive cells and their mechanical properties play an important role in biophysical investigations. Some proteins affect the shape and properties of the nanobio membrane while interacting with it. In this study a multiscale approach is experienced: first a 100ns all atom (fine-grained) molecular dynamics simulation is done to investigate the binding of CTX A3, a protein from snake venom, to a phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer, second, a 5 micro seconds coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to compute the pressure tensor, lateral pressure, surface tension, and first moment of lateral pressure. Our simulations reveal that the insertion of CTX A3 into one monolayer results in an asymmetrical change in the lateral pressure and distribution of surface tension of the individual bilayer leaflets. The relative variation in the surface tension of the two monolayers as a result of a change in the contribution of the various intermolecular forces may be expressed morphologically and lead to deformation of the lipid membrane.
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Chapuis, Joël N., Andrin M. Widmer, and Kristina Shea. "Direct 4D Printing of a Deployable Polymer Wave Spring." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88327.
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Abstract 4D printing is now commonly defined as a targeted evolution of a 3D printed structure to change its shape, properties, and functionality over time. In direct 4D printing this targeted evolution is embedded in the structure during the 3D printing process. A heat stimulus can be used to trigger a transition between two states of a printed shape memory polymer. 3D and 4D printing have greatly expanded the design space of a variety of engineering parts. However, 3D printed parts often show anisotropic behavior due to layering, especially when using fused filament fabrication. Here, it is shown how direct 4D printing on a fused filament fabrication system can be used to create deployable polymer wave springs. By introducing a pattern of multimaterial bilayer actuators into the wave spring, it can be printed flat and deployed to a designed spring shape through a thermal stimulus. This method eliminates the typical layering issues found in 3D printed springs due to printing at angles. Additionally, it reduces the print time and support material consumption. These findings show the great potential of direct 4D printing on 3D printers using fused filament fabrication to create functional, 4D printed components with complex geometry, such as polymer springs.
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Tamaddoni, Nima, Graham J. Taylor, and Stephen A. Sarles. "Robust Sensing and Reversible Actuation Using Triblock Copolymer Stabilized Intradroplet Interfaces." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-8840.
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In this work, a recently developed method for forming copolymer-stabilized interfaces (CSI) between aqueous droplets is pursued to as a means to construct smart materials and systems. The ABA type copolymer employed consists of two hydrophilic (PEO) groups sandwiching a hydrophobic PDMS core. Aqueous droplets submerged in triblock copolymer (PEO-PDMS-PEO)-oil mixtures are rapidly coated in copolymer monolayers, however, unlike phospholipid-stabilized droplet interface bilayers (DIBs), electrical measurements reveal that there is no spontaneous formation of a “thinned” interface with droplet contact alone. The capacitance of the interface begins increasing significantly only upon application of sufficient voltage (>100mV), and capacitance then stabilizes within minutes. Further, the interfacial capacitance and area decreases when applied voltage is reduced back to 0mV, and droplets eventually return to their initial separated state. The fact that droplet adhesion and formation of the interface is voltage dependent and completely reversible clearly distinguishes a CSI from a DIB, and the novel polymer based interface is significantly more robust with average rupture potential of ≥ 800mV compared to 200–300mV with DIBs. Durable and stable CSIs could feasibly be used in applications ranging from sensing and energy harvesting to mechanical actuation. To demonstrate, this work introduces a new version of the DIB based hair cell sensor, now replacing lipids with block copolymers to provide greater durability, stability, and resistance to rupture when subjected to airflow. We calculate the current generated by the vibrating membranes in DIBs and CSIs to study the influence of surfactant selection on the hair cell durability and the related airflow operation range. We conclude that the hair cell constructed using triblock copolymer, as opposed to a DIB, withstands higher nominal airflow speeds (45m/s) and higher applied bias voltages (i.e. 0.1–1V) without rupturing. The ability to apply higher voltages provides a means of tuning the hair-cell sensitivity. Separately, the results of initial trials demonstrate the possibility for voltage-controlled shape change using networks of droplets and CSIs. The ability to apply large voltages and induce change in interfacial area leads to rearrangement of the droplet networks due to conservation of volume. Several embodiments of possible actuators based on this mechanism are discussed. In concert, the various aspects of this work highlight the potential use of CSIs in developing novel, reliable smart materials for sensing and actuation.