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Grip, Johan, and Mounir Karadja. "Effekten av Valutarisk på Bilateral Handel." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88331.
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This paper evaluates the effect of exchange rate risk on the sum of bilateral trade. To distinguish the effect between different types of countries, two groups are defined: advanced and developing economies. Economic theory on exchange rate risk and trade proposes ambiguous effects of increased volatility. However, the ex ante hypothesis is that developing economies are more sensitive to volatility. Contrarily to the hypothesis, the empirical results suggest that advanced economies would benefit up to twice as much from a removal of exchange rate risk. The lower sensitivity of developing countries to exchange rate risk is conjectured to be due to a lower real average income of firms in these areas. The empirical analysis is based on an extended gravity model, which is estimated and subsequently tested for robustness using four different techniques. All estimates imply that exchange rate volatility depresses bilateral trade flows. Further, the result that developing countries are less sensitive to exchange risk is not affected by different specifications of our model.
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Rohlfing, Ingo [Verfasser]. "Bilateral and multilateral cooperation in international trade : a political-economy perspective / Ingo Rohlfing." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1034967665/34.
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Hector, Tobias, and David Olsson. "EU-medlemskaps påverkan på bilaterala handelsflöden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177166.
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The different ways countries trade with each other have developed during the years but the purpose, free exchange in goods and services, remains intact. The main idea of trade between countries is that both parties gain from the exchange. The European Union is the world’s biggest trading block, and in the form of a customs union there are mainly two different ways in which it theoretically can affect bilateral trade flows, namely by trade diversion or by trade creation. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the European Union affects the bilateral trade flows both within the union, as well as with countries outside of it. In order to examine these effects a quantitative method will be used where a regression analysis is applied based on a gravity model, observing the years 2000–2019. The results indicate a significant positive effect of EU-membership on both trade flows with different member countries, as well as with countries without a membership. The estimations from the different regressions indicate that the bilateral trade flows between member countries increases with around 33%–40%, while bilateral trade flows with countries outside of the union increases with around 3%.Länders sätt att handla med varandra har utvecklats genom åren men syftet, fritt utbyte av varor och tjänster, är intakt. Grundidén till handel mellan länder är att båda tjänar på utbytet. Europeiska unionen är världens största handelsblock, och som en tullunion så finns det framförallt två effekter detta kan ge på länders bilaterala handel, antingen handelsfrämjande eller handelsomfördelande. Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur den europeiska handelsunionen påverkar den bilaterala handeln dels med andra medlemsländer, dels med länder utanför handelsunionen. För att undersöka dessa effekter används en kvantitativ metod där en regressionsanalys genomförs med hjälp av en gravitationsmodell, där de observerade åren är år 2000–2019. Resultatet av denna studie visar ett positivt signifikant samband mellan bilateral handel med både andra medlemsländer såväl som länder utanför unionen. Estimeringarna från de olika regressionerna indikerar att den bilaterala handeln ökat mellan EU-medlemmar med cirka 33%–40% och med cirka 3% med länder utanför unionen.
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Maluck, Julian. "The complex network topology of trade in a globalized world." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19366.
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Die Organisation von Handelsstrukturen bringt seit je her weitreichende soziale, politische sowie ökonomische Implikationen mit sich. Da die zugrundeliegenden Dynamiken von Handelssystemen a priori unbekannt sind bieten Konzepte aus der Theorie komplexer Systeme nützliche Werkzeuge, um neue Muster zu entdecken, sowie neue Hypothesen zu den Vorgängen innerhalb der Handelssysteme zu entwickeln. Einen nützlichen Ansatz stellen dabei komplexe Netzwerke dar, da Handelsströme zwischen ökonomischen Einheiten sinnvoll als Knoten und Verbindungen im Netzwerk darstellbar sind.
In dieser Arbeit erweitern wir spezielle Methoden auf komplexen Netzwerken, um die Netzwerk-Topologie des Handels auf globaler und auf nationaler Ebene zu untersuchen. Auf dem Level einzelner Industriesektoren erhalten wir neue Einblicke in die topologische Struktur des internationalen Handelsnetzwerks. Dazu führen wir neue Netzwerkmaße ein, welche die Funktion von Knoten in Subgraphen unter dem Blickwinkel, dass das Gesamtsystem durch ein Netzwerk aus mehreren Subnetzwerken dargestellt wird, beschreiben. Im Zuge der Globalisierung gewinnen bilaterale Handelsabkommen bei Entscheidungsträgern an Aufmerksamkeit und werden in zunehmender Zahl verhandelt. Wir entwickeln in dieser Arbeit einen neuen Ansatz, um die Auswirkungen dieser Abkommen auf die beteiligten Ökonomien zu analysieren und zu quantifizieren. Weiterhin behandeln wir die Fragestellung, in welchem Maß Handel als ein Übermittler von Nachfrage- und Angebotsveränderungen auf andere Industrien angesehen werden kann. Schließlich betrachten wir Handelsnetzwerke auf der Ebene von einzelnen Firmen und beschreiben die Funktion von einzelnen Knoten, insbesondere deren Rolle innerhalb von 3er-Motiven. Obwohl alle Methoden und Maße, die wir im Zuge dieser Arbeit einführen, aus Fragen im Kontext des Handels motiviert sind, sind die methodischen Konzepte auf komplexe Netzwerke in anderen Forschungsrichtungen anwendbar.The organization of trade and its patterns and structures have always had far reaching implications among social, political and economic dimensions. The underlying dynamics of trade systems are often a priori unknown and concepts from complex system theory provide useful tools to discover new patterns and to develop new hypotheses on the mechanisms of the system. Complex networks offer a particularly useful approach to trade systems, as trade flows between economic entities can be intuitively and meaningfully represented as nodes and links in a network. In this thesis, we extend specific methods of complex networks with a focus on the relations between different subnetworks to investigate the network topology of trade on both the global and national scale. On an aggregation level considering individual industries as nodes, we obtain new insights about the topological structure of the international trade network by introducing new network measures that characterize the roles of nodes in subnetworks from a network of networks perspective. During the process of globalization bilateral trade agreements have received rising attention among policy makers and have been negotiated at an increasing pace. Here, we develop a framework to analyze and quantify impacts of these agreements on the involved economies. A further question that we address is to what extent trade can be regarded as a mediator of demand and supply spillovers to other industries. Finally, we look into trade networks at the scale of individual business firms and describe the role of nodes with a focus on 3-node motifs. Although all new methods and measures introduced in this thesis are motivated by questions in the context of trade, the methodological concepts are widely applicable to complex networks of other research disciplines.
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Prasittirat, Tachasit. "The Potential Effects of a Free Trade Agreement between Thailand and the European Union." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01653179002/$FILE/01653179002.pdf.
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Hansson, Helena. "Hur har frihandelsavtalet mellan EU och Chile förändrat den bilaterala handeln?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8056.
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Denna uppsats undersöker vad som har hänt med den bilaterala handeln mellan EU och Chile sedan associeringsavtalet mellan dem trädde i kraft för fyra år sedan. Teorin om effekter av tullsänkningar säger att ett borttagande av en tull bör leda till välfärdsvinster genom prissänkningar. I uppsatsen framkommer att det är tveksamt om några sådana uppstått då tullarna redan innan avtalet var låga och inte många tullar har sänkts. Inte någon av parternas export tycks ha ökat avsevärt till följd av avtalet. Analysen av varuhandeln visar att parterna varken före eller efter utnyttjar några stordriftsfördelar i handeln utan att det snarare handlar om en typisk nord-syd-handel med användande av komparativa fördelar.
Uppsatsen avslutas med ett ifrågasättande om huruvida ökad handel till följd av tullsänkningar och en större gemensam marknad egentligen var parternas syfte med att inleda samarbetet.
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Castañeda, Jorge Eugenio. "El contrato bilateral." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116337.
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Schewe, Christoph J. "Die Beteiligung nichtstaatlicher Akteure in Streitschlichtungssystemen des internationlen Handels : Ansätze in multilateralen und bilateralen Handelsübereinkommen /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989457788/04.
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Schewe, Christoph J. "Die Beteiligung nichtstaatlicher Akteure in Streitschlichtungssystemen des internationalen Handels Ansätze in multilateralen und bilateralen Handelsübereinkommen." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989457788/04.
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Peres, Daniele. "Tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português-Brasil do Chedoke Arm And Hand Activity Inventory (Cahai) e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do Cahai-Brasil." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1814.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-26Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI) é um instrumento de avaliação da capacidade do membro superior de indivíduos com hemiparesia em atividades bilaterais. Este estudo objetivou traduzir, adaptar transculturamente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do CAHAI. O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural consistiu em oito etapas: tradução do CAHAI do inglês para o português por dois tradutores e mescla das duas traduções (T1 e T2) resultando em uma versão traduzida (T12), que passou por uma revisão de layout, gramática e tipografia. Retrotradução de T12 por dois tradutores independentes, com língua materna inglesa. Avaliação por um comitê de especialistas, envio da versão final para os autores da versão original e aplicação do pré-teste. Para avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão CAHAI-Brasil, participaram 24 adultos (56,5±12,3 anos) com hemiparesia de 44,2±32,8 meses pós Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). A destreza manual (Box and Block Test ), a força de preensão (dinamômetro manual) e a sensibilidade tátil, (Moving Touch Pressure) foram avaliadas para caracterização da amostra. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi utilizado para avaliar a confiabilidade teste-reteste e interobservadores dos itens individuais e da pontuação total. A validade concorrente do CAHAI foi avaliada através da correlação de Pearson com as atividades bilaterais do Test d Évaluation des Membres Supérieurs des Personnes Agées (TEMPA). A validade discriminante entre os indivíduos com comprometimento motor leve, moderado ou severo (segundo os escores da Escala de Fugl-Meyer) foi avaliada com a ANOVAoneway. A confiabilidade teste-reteste e interobservadores do escore total foi excelente (respectivamente CCI = 0,96 e 0,97). A pontuação do CAHAI apresentou forte correlação com as tarefas bilaterais do TEMPA (r= - 0,86). O CAHAI discrimina os indivíduos com comprometimento motor leve, moderado e grave (p<0.05 para todos). A versão traduzida e adaptada do CAHAI (o Inventário Chedoke de Atividades do Braço e da Mão) apresentou validade concorrente, discriminante e confiabilidade adequadas.
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Jacobsgaard, Mette. "The principles and reality of bilateral aid." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273340.
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This thesis explores how Danish aid policies have been implemented to support poverty alleviation through participatory approaches in bilateral aid. I have chosen to look at bilateral aid, in particular Danish bilateral development assistance to India during a specific period: the mid-1980s to mid-1990s. The reasons for this are threefold: firstly, I was posted to the Danish Embassy in New Delhi during that time and had direct and detailed experience of the projects I have used as my case studies. Secondly, the period represents a time when the Danish aid agency, Danida, posted advisers who could potentially influence the participatory approaches used in the projects. Finally, although aid policies have changed over the years, many of the principles guiding the policies, and in particular the mechanisms driving the delivery of aid, remain the same – bilateral (and multilateral) aid is delivered through bureaucracies with the purpose of improving conditions for people in recipient countries. The thesis looks at the purpose and character of the ideal bureaucracy, as perceived by Max Weber, as a benchmark for the development and variations in Danish and Indian bureaucracies during the decade in question. I show that differences between the bureaucracies are influenced by the differences in the history and cultural traditions of Denmark and India. This influences the relationship in the implementation of bilateral development aid in this period, as in any other. I consider the functions of the bureaucracy with respect to policy, planning, and implementation of development aid, and how these functions differ in Denmark and India. Participation is at the centre of this thesis; therefore the thesis looks at the history of participation and the aspiration to participate in development aid. I have chosen to work with two main interpretations of participation: empowering participation and instrumental participation. I find that the Danish aid policy leans toward empowering participation, while in practice instrumental participation is used in the implementation of the aid. Despite a vast literature on participation, I find that participation as a concept is ambiguous. In considering the relationship between participation and bureaucracy, I find that it is not an easy one. I show that there are fundamental and paradigmatic incompatibilities if participation is meant to empower the groups targeted for aid. The theories of bureaucracy and participation are tested against the actual progress of four Danish-supported water and sanitation projects in four different Indian states. While describing events in the projects as they unfolded, I bear in mind a number of questions relating to interpretation of policies and variations in the same; how the Danish and Indian bureaucracies influenced and controlled the implementation of aid; relationships with local power structures; and finally, about the accomplishments of the projects. The questions are further analysed and answered in the concluding chapter of the thesis.
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Leão, e. Silva Filho José. "Modelagem de negociação bilateral para fornecimento logístico." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5268.
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Previous issue date: 2008Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho busca fazer um estudo sobre a negociação na logística. Para isso, apresenta estes dois assuntos separadamente para depois discuti-los untos. Na apresentação da logística são apresentados conceitos básicos como o de cadeia de suprimento, evolução, operadores logísticos, parcerias, entre outros. Já em negociação são exibidas as principais classificações, alguns trabalhos atuais, além do modelo que mais adiante é utilizado neste trabalho. Também se discute outros tipos de negociação logística e apresenta um modelo que serve como referência para o estudo, escolhido principalmente por possuir uma versatilidade que auxilia na adaptação, além de algumas vantagens conceituais diante de outros apresentados. A estruturação do modelo é discutida em torno de suas variáveis e parâmetros, realizando uma conversão dos termos técnicos da modelagem para uma abordagem logística, com um direcionamento do modelo genérico para as nuances do raciocínio logístico. Por fim, é apresentada uma utilização do modelo e uma empresa de processamento de algodão, adaptando a negociação de compra do insumo e realizando algumas simulações computacionais, a fim de observar o funcionamento diante de um caso real
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Fernandes, Virgínia Oliveira. "Prevalência de alterações vestibulares em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica e sua relação com risco cardiometabólico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/26841.
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FERNANDES, V. O. Prevalência de alterações vestibulares em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica e sua relação com risco cardiometabólico. 2009. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Pública) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2009.Submitted by Saúde Pública (msp@ufc.br) on 2017-10-25T16:25:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_vofernandes.pdf: 1257549 bytes, checksum: fd278458ce4dea0768b0eaf457e7af39 (MD5)
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Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a prevalent disorder that increases cardiovascular risk (CVR) and increases the risk to develop DM. Metabolic disorders are also related to vestibular symptoms as dizziness and vertigo. The inner ear spends much energy for its appropriate operation. Due to the high sensibility of the vestibular system, is very frequently the relationship between vestibular symptoms and metabolic abnormalities. This study intent to verify the occurrence of abnormalities in vestibular system using the vectoelectronystamography (VENG) in patients with metabolic disorders and its relationship with CVR. After a campaign to detect metabolic syndrome in a Health Center of Fortaleza, 78 individuals were evaluated. They were not diabetics or were using any medication. The age was 38.1 ± 10.7 years old and 74.4% were female. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, 38% were diagnosed with MS and 62% did not. Those groups were matched for sex and age. In the analysis of MS components, measures of BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glucose at 120 minutes were significantly higher in MS patients, whereas HDL-C was lower. Other metabolic parameters evalueted as uric acid GT, ALT, AST, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in MS group. In the comparative analysis of both groups, the presence of vestibular disorders symptoms were found in 33.3% of the group without MS and in 63.3% of the MS group. When specific symptoms were analyzed, it was observed that the MS group reported most frequently dizziness and / or vertigo compared with the group without SM (p = 0.01). The findings of VENG in the MS group showed that 66.7% had anormal findings and Just against 20.8% of the group without MS. In MS group, we found a significantly higher prevalence of irritative disease than deficiency disease (p <0.0001). We conclude that patients with MS have a higher prevalence of vestibular-cochlear abnormalities comparing to individuals without MS. It occurs even in patients recently diagnosed and without other complications. That suggests that vestibular disorders are an early manifestation of MS. Thus, patients with vestibular complaints should be routinely investigated for metabolic abnormalities.
A Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é uma condição de alta prevalência que aumenta o risco cardiovascular (RCV) e de desenvolvimento de DM. Os distúrbios metabólicos também são relacionados a sintomas vestibulares como tontura e vertigem. A orelha interna despende muita energia para seu adequado funcionamento, sendo freqüente a relação de sintomas vestibulares com alterações do sistema metabólico. Esse estudo objetivou verificar a prevalência de alterações do sistema vestibular diagnosticada pela vectoeletronistagmografia (VENG) em portadores de SM, correlacionando-os com fatores de RCV. Foram avaliados 78 indivíduos atendidos em uma Campanha para detecção de Síndrome Metabólica em um Centro de Saúde de Fortaleza. Nenhum deles era diabético ou fazia uso de qualquer medicação. A idade variou de 38,1±10,7 anos e 74,4% eram do sexo feminino. Após a avaliação clínica e laboratorial, observou-se que 38% eram portadores de SM e 62% não. Os grupos estavam pareados para sexo, idade. Na análise quanto aos componentes da SM, as medidas de IMC, circunferência abdominal, PA sistólica, PA diastólica, triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum, glicemia aos 120 minutos foram significativamente mais elevadas no com SM, enquanto o HDL-C foi mais baixo. Observou-se também que outros parâmetros metabólicos avaliados, como ácido úrico, GT, TGO, TGP, e HOMA-IR estavam significativamente mais elevados no grupo com SM. Na análise comparativa dos grupos quanto à presença de sintomas sugestivos de vestibulopatia, encontrou-se que 33,3% do grupo sem SM e 63,3% do grupo com SM apresentavam alguma sintomatologia. Quando analisados os sintomas específicos, observou-se que os indivíduos com SM referiram com maior frequência tontura e/ou vertigem, quando comparados com o grupo sem SM (p=0,01). Analisando os achados da VENG, encontrou-se que no grupo com SM 66,7% apresentavam VENG alterada contra 20,8% dos indivíduos sem SM. Nos indivíduos com SM, encontrou-se uma prevalência significativamente maior de doença irritativa que de doença deficitária (p<0,0001). Conclui-se que portadores de SM apresentam maior prevalência de alterações no aparelho vestibulo-coclear quando comparados a indivíduos sem SM, mesmo em pacientes com diagnóstico recente e sem outras complicações, sugerindo que as alterações no aparelho vestibular aparecem precocemente. Assim, pacientes com queixas de vestibulopatia deveriam ser rotineiramente investigados para a possibilidade de apresentarem alterações metabólicas
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Fernandes, Veruska Gondim. "Vivências e percepções do homem anorquídico e criptorquídico bilateral." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2010. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/85693.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-15The anorquidia and cryptorchidism, problems affecting 0.5 to 1% of the population, are characterized respectively by total or partial absence of testicles. The relevance and justification of this study include the lack of research on this topic, mainly qualitative approach. In individual anorquidico, infertility is seen in 50-75% of cases, and other biological changes such as micropenis, thinness, not by appearance. This study aims to understand the meaning of the lived experience of brazilian northeastern man anorquídico cryptorchidism. To this end, we performed a qualitative study, which used to collect data phenomenological interview, and for analyzing the results, the phenomenology of Merleau-ponty. This time, we interviewed six men diagnosed with anorquidia and cryptorchidism. The survey revealed that the experience of the brand identity anorquidia male, bringing repercussions for the living body. Note, in many cases, fear of homosexuals if they feel, not to satisfy his partner sexually and fear of erectile dysfunction, which leads to social isolation and shame of the body, and disturb the relationships, frustrate the desire to have children and cause suffering for the inability to bear a child. It was noted in this context, the pursuit of religion and the use of psychoactive substances as a way to escape the pain caused by the absence of testicles. However, after treatment, men begin to feel masculine. We conclude that the experience of anorquidia / cryptorchidism narcissistically hurt men, makes them feel fragile, less than men and without masculinity. Because of frail and thin, anorquídico is victimized, excluded, and also excludes it himself. Finally, this study may contribute to understanding the experience of anorquidia as a phenomenon which expresses the individual's existence anorquídico not just a set of biological symptoms as has been discussed in the literature. This study begins a discussion about the emotional aspects of these men, from the design Merleau-pontyan who understands the concept of the lived body as an intertwined experience of the world body.
A anorquidia e a criptorquidia, problemas que acometem de 0,5 a 1% da população, são caracterizadas respectivamente pela ausência total ou parcial de testículos. A relevância e a justificativa do presente estudo consistem na escassez de pesquisas nesta temática, principalmente de abordagem qualitativa. No individuo anorquidico, a infertilidade é observada em 50 a 75% dos casos, além de outras alterações biológicas tais como: micropênis, magreza, não aparecimento de pelos. O presente trabalho visou compreender o significado da experiência vivida do homem anorquídico e criptorquídico. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual utilizou para a coleta dos dados a entrevista fenomenológica, e, para a análise dos resultados, o referencial da fenomenologia Merleau-Pontyana. Desta feita, foram entrevistados 6 homens com diagnóstico de anorquidia ou criptorquidia. A pesquisa revelou que a experiência da anorquidia marca a identidade masculina, trazendo repercussões para o corpo vivido. Nota-se, em muitos casos, o medo de se perceberem homossexuais, de não satisfazerem a parceira sexualmente e medo de disfunção erétil, o que acarreta isolamento social e vergonha do corpo, além de atrapalhar as relações interpessoais, frustrar o desejo de ter filhos e provocar sofrimento pela impossibilidade de gerar uma criança. Observou-se, nesse contexto, a busca da religião e o uso de substâncias psicoativas como uma forma de fugir da dor gerada pela ausência de testículos. Contudo, após tratamento, os homens passam a sentir-se masculinos. Conclui-se que a vivência da anorquidia/criptorquidia fere narcisicamente os homens, faz com que se sintam menos homens, frágeis e sem masculinidade. Por causa do corpo frágil e magro, o anorquídico é vitimizado, excluído, mas também ele próprio se exclui. Por fim, o presente estudo pode contribuir para a compreensão da vivência da anorquidia como um fenômeno que exprime toda a existência do indivíduo anorquídico e não apenas um conjunto de sintomas biológicos como vem sendo discutido na literatura. Essa pesquisa inicia uma discussão acerca dos aspectos emocionais desses homens, a partir da concepção Merleau-Pontyana que entende o conceito de corpo vivido como uma experiência do corpo entrelaçada ao mundo.
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Manor-Percival, Yonit. "Bilateral investment treaties in a harmonious world : China's paradigm." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8573.
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China’s ascent up the echelon of the contemporary interstate system is often debated by reference to its implications for the US designed neoliberal world order. A ‘cauldron of anxiety’ appears to be brewing around what is said to be a potentially contesting force that is at best shallowly integrated and at worse set on institutional reconstitution. US anxiety over the integrity of the order she landscaped and from which she benefits may be understood insofar as insufficient submission signifies the risk of a rising untamed competitor. Yet, against the background of China’s participation in the international financial institutions, membership of the World Trade Organisation and the conclusion of a prolific bilateral investment treaties (BITs) program, in what way can she be said to have remained resistant and untamed? This work seeks to contribute to the debate by looking at it from the perspective of discourse. It examines two interrelated discursive structures:those of paradigm and law. In relation to the former it looks at the US engendered neoliberal worldview more specifically formulated as a Washington Consensus on the one hand and China’s vision of a harmonious world of lasting peace and prosperity on the other. In relation to the latter, juridical institutions furnish legitimising mechanisms and the rules by which paradigms are to be practiced. Since treaties form part of the US designed world order, this work applies BITs as a prism through which the interiors of paradigms may be unpacked. BITs are creatures of the capitalist paradigm in its neoliberal configuration in that they articulate and provide rules for the material realisation of a homogenised world in which the spatial movement of capital is free of impediments and sovereign rights are subjugated to property rights. By contrast they are not creatures of the harmonious world paradigm with its resurrection of indigenous heritage. In the context of China they represent processes of importation and adaptation originally triggered by forcible rupture. Against this construct of two different paradigms that nevertheless share a juridical structure this work concludes that China does aspire to a reformed world order. However, only time will tell whether reformative ambitions can survive own integration and the expansive compulsions of neoliberalism.
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Rodrigues, Letícia Cardoso. "Efeito do treinamento com espelho associado a tarefas e progressão sistematizada sobre a qualidade do movimento e a função dos membros superiores em indivíduos com hemiparesia crônica : ensaio clínico randomizado." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/233.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-02Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Although there is some degree of motor recovery after stroke, many individuals don t have functional use of upper limb (UL), even in the chronic phase. In this context, the bilateral training with visual feedback through a mirror has shown promising results, although few studies had used this treatment approach. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of training with bilateral symmetrical tasks and systematic progression in addition to mirror visual feedback (MVF) on the quality of movement and function of the paretic UL in individuals with chronic hemiparesis. The study included 16 patients post stroke, with UL moderate recovery, which were randomly divided into experimental (EG, n = 8) and control group (CG, n = 8). Both groups performed one hour sessions, 3 times a week, during 4 weeks, involving functional bilateral symmetrical exercises with systematic progression, but the EG performed the tasks observing the movement of the non paretic UL reflected on the mirror, while the CG observed paretic UL directly. The Test d Évaluation des Membres Supérieurs de Personnes Âgées (TEMPA) was used as a primary outcome measure to check the function and quality of movement of the paretic UL. As secondary measures, we used the modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer Scale (FMS) and the sense of movement as part of the sensory evaluation of the FMS. The variables analyzed did not show differences between groups, however the TEMPA total score showed main time effect (p = 0.01). When analyzed separately, bilateral tasks also showed a time effect on total score (p = 0.01), functional graduation (p = 0.01) and task analysis (0.01). The FMS also showed a time effect (p = 0.02), without differences between groups. Both groups showed gains after the intervention, without differences between groups. It was observed that the gains were most important in the bilateral tasks of TEMPA, which can influence the quality and function while performing tasks of daily living involve both upper limbs. Probably, these results were due to the similarity of both training and MVF or bilateral training using functional movements could help in the recovery of UL, with no apparent effect over the use of the mirror.
Embora haja algum grau de recuperação motora após o Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), muitos indivíduos permanecem sem uso funcional do membro superior (MS), mesmo na fase crônica. Nesse contexto, surge o treino bilateral com feedback visual através do espelho, que vem mostrando resultados promissores, apesar de poucos estudos utilizando esta abordagem de tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do Treino com o Espelho utilizando tarefas bilaterais simétricas e progressão sistematizada sobre a qualidade do movimento e a função do MS parético em indivíduos com hemiparesia crônica. Participaram deste estudo 16 indivíduos com comprometimento moderado do MS, divididos em grupo experimental (GE, n=8) e controle (GC, n=8). Os dois grupos realizaram sessões de 1 hora, 3 vezes por semana, durante 4 semanas, envolvendo exercícios bilaterais simétricos funcionais com progressão sistematizada O GE realizou as tarefas observando o MS não parético refletido no espelho, enquanto o GC observava o MS parético diretamente. Foi utilizado o Teste de avaliação funcional dos membros superiores (TEMPA) para verificar a função e qualidade do movimento do MS parético, Escala modificada de Ashworth, Escala de Fugl-Meyer (EFM) e o sentido de movimento como parte da avaliação sensorial da EFM. As variáveis analisadas não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos, entretanto a pontuação do TEMPA total mostrou efeito principal de tempo (p=0,01). Quando analisadas separadamente as tarefas bilaterais também mostraram efeito de tempo na pontuação total (p=0,01), graduação funcional (p=0,01) e análise das tarefas (0,01). A EFM também apresentou efeito de tempo (p=0,02), sem diferenças entre os grupos. Observou-se que os ganhos foram mais importantes nas tarefas bilaterais do TEMPA, o que pode influenciar a qualidade e a função durante a realização de tarefas do dia-a-dia que envolvam os dois membros superiores. Acredita-se que os resultados encontrados foram devido à similaridade do treino e tanto o efeito produzido pelo espelho quanto o treino bilateral utilizando movimentos funcionais podem auxiliar na recuperação do MS, sem aparente efeito superior do uso do espelho.
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Peeva, Aleksandra. "Political Goals, Economic Constraints: Explaining the Motivation and Effects of Economic Sanctions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19473.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht ökonomische Sanktionen im Kontext der empirischen politischen Ökonomie. Obwohl sie aus drei unabhängigen Kapiteln besteht, ist das übergeordnete, verbindende Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit ein Gesamtverständnis der Motivation und der Effekte von Sanktionen anzubieten, getragen von der generellen Idee der Wechselwirkungen zwischen ökonomischen Anreizen und politischen Zielen. Meine Forschung zeichnet die ökonomischen Restriktionen ab, mit denen sich die politischen Entscheidungsträger im Bereich der internationalen Beziehungen auseinandersetzen.This dissertation explores economic sanctions in an empirical political economy context. While consisting of three independent papers, it aims at providing a holistic understanding of the motivation and effects of sanctions in particular, and the interplay between economic incentives and political goals in general. My research delineates the economic constraints that policymakers encounter in the field of international relations.
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Yúsari, Khaliliyeh Tarek. "Los remedios contractuales frente al incumplimiento recíproco del contrato bilateral." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111614.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)La memoria tiene por objeto analizar la forma en la que operan los remedios contractuales en un escenario de incumplimientos recíprocos del contrato bilateral. Para ello, el texto consta de dos partes. En la primera se elaboran algunas bases conceptuales necesarias para determinar el objeto de estudio y aclarar ciertas confusiones que rodean a nociones e instituciones fundamentales en la materia. Así, se comienza con un tratamiento del concepto de “incumplimiento recíproco” y luego se aborda la institución denominada “excepción de contrato no cumplido” o exceptio non adimpleti contractus. El objetivo es ver la manera en la que se vinculan estas ideas y precisar los casos en que los incumplimientos son efectivamente recíprocos. La primera parte concluye buscando discernir si nuestro Código Civil recoge la referida excepción y con qué alcance lo hace. Las ideas principales a este momento consisten en señalar que criterios de orden cronológico, causal y de proporcionalidad permiten afirmar que no en cualquier caso que ambos contratantes incumplen un contrato bilateral los incumplimientos tienen efectivamente el carácter de recíprocos. Por otra parte, la excepción de contrato no cumplido tiene una función definida por su historia y consagración normativa que resulta bastante más restringida que el alcance amplio que se le otorga en el medio jurídico nacional. Por último, se propone la tesis que nuestro Código Civil no contempla dicha institución – al menos de manera expresa – y su operación se encuentra sujeta al reconocimiento de ciertos principios de orden contractual. Una vez despejado el panorama conceptual, la segunda parte de la memoria analiza la interacción o articulación de los remedios contractuales frente a un incumplimiento recíproco del contrato. Básicamente, la cuestión consiste en determinar (1) si operan y (2) de qué manera y bajo cuáles supuestos lo hacen. Los remedios que se tratan son la indemnización de perjuicios, el cumplimiento forzado y la resolución del contrato. En esta etapa se pretende afirmar que el incumplimiento recíproco del contrato es óbice únicamente para el remedio indemnizatorio, pero no por aplicación de la excepción de contrato no cumplido, al tiempo que esta última institución solamente – siempre y cuando se acepte su procedencia en el derecho nacional – impide que triunfe una pretensión de cumplimiento. Por su parte, la resolución del contrato por incumplimiento no exige que el contratante que acciona haya cumplido con su parte del contrato, no existiendo ningún obstáculo para la resolución en un caso de mutuos incumplimientos. Al final, se ofrecen algunas conclusiones que reflejan el desarrollo de la memoria, junto con una reflexión final.
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Schuster, Ubilla Sofía Margarita. "Relación bilateral Chile-Perú: más allá de la La Haya." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114250.
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Magíster en Estudios InternacionalesEste estudio caracteriza la relación Chile-Perú desde la teoría del conflicto, identificando las dimensiones que componen la relación bilateral. Se plantea que la relación Chile-Perú ha oscilado entre disconformidades y tensiones en las diversas dimensiones que la componen, siendo la demanda interpuesta por Perú ante La Haya sólo una expresión más de esta relación conflictiva. Asimismo, busca evitar los tres errores de la teoría del conflicto: concebir negativamente al mismo, realizar análisis estáticos y generar reflexiones unidimensionales. Por ello, se diferencian los elementos que componen la estructura, la coyuntura y los eventos. Los elementos estructurales identificados son: la importancia otorgada a las fronteras para ejercer el poder durante la Colonia e Independencia en América Latina; la relación amigo-enemigo desde la Guerra del Pacífico y su impacto en la conformación de la identidad social de Chile y Perú; y los Tratados Internacionales vigentes relacionados con delimitación marítima. Entre los eventos, se identifican dos de diferente orden: i) eventos que se producen por acciones a nivel estatal y ii) eventos que se producen por acciones de privados con repercusiones a nivel estatal. Las dimensiones que componen la relación bilateral se levantan mediante la revisión de prensa peruana y chilena, llegando a un total de siete, entre las que destacan: Comercio e inversiones, Sociocultural, Relación bilateral futura, Defensa y Seguridad.
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RODRIGUES, Keuri Eleutério. "Avaliação eletrorretinográfica de ratos wistar jovens submetidos à tireoidectomia bilateral." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/3523.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
UFPA - Universidade Federal do Pará
A tireoide sintetiza a tiroxina (T4) e a 3,5,3’-triiodotironina (T3), ambos hormônios apresentam uma função crucial no desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central, incluindo o sistema visual e a retina. A diminuição dos níveis sanguíneos do T3 e T4 ocasionam uma síndrome denominada de hipotireoidismo, o que pode levar à prejuízos visuais. Os déficits visuais gerados pelo hipotireoidismo estão diretamente relacionados ao período de desenvolvimento do indivíduo. Foi demonstrado em modelos murinos que o hipotireoidismo congênito diminui a espessura da retina, o número de células, e interfere na diferenciação da subpopulação de cones M. Desta forma buscaremos investigar possíveis alterações funcionais na retina de ratos wistar jovens após a tireoidectomia bilateral, utilizando respostas eletrofisiológicas não invasivas. Para tanto, dividimos os ratos em três grupos (controle, sham e tireoidectomizado) cada um contendo ≥ 8 animais. As cirurgias foram realizadas 30 dias pós-natal. Os eletrorretinogramas de campo total foram realizados 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias após a cirurgia, utilizando protocolos para avaliar a resposta escotópica máxima, resposta fotópica (com e sem o uso de filtros de luz) e a resposta ao flicker (12, 15, 18 e 30 Hz). Os parâmetros analisados foram o tempo implícito e a amplitude das ondas a e b. Além disso, realizamos o monitoramento dos parâmetros clínicos dos animais, visando identificar características que indiquem um quadro de hipotireoidismo, bem como a dosagem dos hormônios tireoidianos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que em todos dos protocolos de estimulação utilizados no ERG houve diminuição nas amplitudes das ondas a e b nos animais tireoidectomizados em todos os dias avaliados após a cirurgia, quando comparados com animais do grupo controle e sham. Os resultados da avaliação do tempo implícito para ambas as ondas não demonstraram diferença estatística quando comparamos os diversos grupos ao controle. Também podemos constatar uma redução do ganho de peso e tamanho nos animais que sofreram tireoidectomia, associados à redução dos níveis de hormônio tireoidiano (T3). Concluímos dessa forma que os hormônios tireoidianos estão diretamente ligados a alterações funcionais na retina dos animais que sofreram tireoidectomia, bem com, na redução da aquisição de peso e aumento de tamanho.
The thyroid synthesizes thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3 '-triiodothyronine (T3), both hormones have a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system, including the retina and visual system. The decrease in blood levels of T3 and T4 causes a syndrome called hypothyroidism, which may lead to visual impairment. The visual deficits generated by hypothyroidism are directly related to the development period of the individual. It has been demonstrated in murine models that congenital hypothyroidism decreases the retinal thickness, the number of cells and interferes with the differentiation of M cones. Here, we investigated the possible functional changes in juvenile rat’s retina after bilateral thyroidectomy using noninvasive electrophysiological responses. Therefore, we divided the rats into three groups (control, sham and thyreoidectomized) each containing n≥8 animals. The surgeries were performed 30 days post-natal and the full-field electroretinogram (ERG) were performed 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after surgery, using standard protocols for assessing the scotopic response maximum, photopic response (with and without the use of light filters) and response to flicker (12, 15, 18 and 30 Hz). The parameters analyzed were implicit time and amplitude of a- and b-waves of ERG. We also perform monitoring of clinical parameters of animals in order to identify characteristics that indicate a hypothyroidism, as well as the dosage of thyroid hormones. The results showed that there was a decrease in the a- and b-waves amplitudes in thyroidectomy animals (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after surgery), compared to control and sham animals at all the stimulation protocols used in ERG. The results of the evaluation of the implicit time for both waves showed none statistical difference when comparing to control and sham groups. Also we observed a reduction in size and weight of thyroidectomy animals, associated with reduced levels of thyroid hormone (T3). Thus we concluded that the thyroid hormones are directly related to functional changes in the retina of thyroidectomy animals, together with the reduction of weight and size.
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Rocha, Neto Liordino dos Santos. "Renderização não-fotorealistica de liquidos utilizando filtro bilateral separado iterativo." Instituto de Matemática. Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19381.
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Estilos não-fotorealistas de renderização (Non-Photorealistic Rendering - NPR) são frequentemente utilizados no domínio de jogos eletrônicos, com o objetivo de enfatizar aspectos do enredo e da fantasia do jogo. Nesses cenários, a presença de elementos da natureza, como água, fogo, fumaça, entre outros, é bastante comum. Tais fenômenos são bastante desafiadores do ponto de vista computacional, visto que envolvem simulações baseadas em leis físicas e renderização em tempo real. Esse trabalho apresenta um método de renderização com visual não-fotorealista aplicado a simulação de água para aplicações interativas e em tempo real, como jogos eletrônicos. O método apresentado recebe como entrada uma simulação de partículas a partir da qual é extraída a superfície do fluido, que em seguida é suavizada. Efeitos ópticos de refração e reflexão, além da geração de espuma e gotículas, adequadas ao visual NPR, conferem um visual natural à água. O método é inteiramente realizado em espaço de tela, e todos os passos são implementados diretamente em GPU. Uma análise empírica foi realizada em um ambiente de simulação física bastante utilizado em motores de jogos comerciais, que inclui suporte a colisões das partículas de água com corpos rígidos. Testes comparativos com outros métodos presentes na literatura demonstram a aplicabilidade da abordagem apresentada
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Carvalho, Lívia Cristina Bandeira. "Prevalência das desordens temporomandibulares em pacientes com extremidade livre bilateral inferior." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2520.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2007.Submitted by Fernanda Weschenfelder (nandaweschenfelder@gmail.com) on 2009-12-04T12:20:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_LiviaCristinaBandeiraCarvalho.PDF: 3650855 bytes, checksum: d93f882bd82f3f1287a6f04094a84aff (MD5)
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A prevalencia das desordens temporomandibulares (DTM) nas populacoes por muito tempo foi determinada com base exclusivamente em sinais e sintomas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalencia das principais DTM, levando em consideracao os tipos mais comuns descritos por Dworkin & LeResche (1992). Material e Método: foram examinados pacientes com extremidade livre bilateral inferior que compareceram a clinica de Odontologia da Universidade de Brasilia e da Universidade Catolica de Brasilia no ano de 2006. Foram realizados exames em 102 pacientes desdentados posteriores bilaterais inferiores com diversas condicoes de suporte oclusal, com ou sem utilizacao de reabilitacao protetica com protese parcial removivel (PPR). Foi aplicado para cada paciente um questionario, abordando aspectos psico-sociais e um formulario, o qual foi executado por um unico examinador. Ambos sao parte do Criterio de Diagnostico para Pesquisa de DTMs (RDC/TMD). O indice de prevalencia foi calculado no pacote estatistico R (versao 2.5.0- R Development Core Team, 2007). Resultados: a prevalencia de DTM na amostra estudada foi de 70.6%. A dor miofascial obteve prevalencia de 16.7%, o deslocamento de disco com reducao de 10.8%, artralgia, osteoartrite e osteoartrose respectivamente 20.6%, 24.5%, 25.5%. Apenas um individuo apresentou deslocamento de disco sem reducao. Os pacientes que usavam PPR apresentaram prevalencia de DTM de 58.8%, aqueles que nunca usaram 73.8% e os que nao usavam no momento do exame, mas ja tinham usado, 80.7%. A frequencia relativa de DTM nos pacientes de 20 a 39 anos, 40 a 59 e com mais de 60 anos foi a mesma. Dentre os individuos com 20 a 39 anos as maiores prevalencias foram de dor miofascial com abertura limitada assim como de artralgia. Nos pacientes de 40 a 59 anos as doencas mais prevalentes foram osteoartrite e osteoartrose. Pacientes com mais de 60 anos apresentaram maior prevalencia de artralgia e osteoartrose. Em relacao ao genero a prevalencia de DTM, nos homens foi de 71.4% e nas mulheres 70.3%. Conclusões: a) A prevalencia de DTM em pacientes com extremidade livre bilateral, nesta amostra, foi da ordem de 70, 6% b) Dentro da amostra estudada, as DTM que acometem as ATM foram as mais prevalentes, tendo a osteoartrite e osteoartrose os maiores indices; c) os pacientes que nao usavam PPR apresentaram frequencias relativas de DTM maiores do que aqueles que a usavam; d) a faixa etaria, assim como o genero nao apresentaram grandes discrepancias nos valores de prevalencia destas doencas. e) a prevalencia de DTM foi semelhante nos individuos com 0 a 2 e 3 a 4 unidades oclusais. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among the people has been evident for a long time by means of signs and symptoms. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of main TMD, considering the most common kinds described by Dworkin and LeResche (1992). Material and Methods: patients with lower bilateral free end who appeared at the Dentistry Clinic of Brasilia University and Catholic University from Brasilia in 2006. 102 patients with lower bilateral free end wearing or not removable partial prosthesis (RPP) were examined. A questionnaire was carried out approaching psychosocial features and a form approached features about a physical exam. Both of them were applied by one examiner. Both are part of a Research Diagnostic Criterium for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/ TMD). The prevalence index was calculated with the help of the statistics pack R (version 2.5.0 – R Development Core team, 2007). Results: In the studied sample, the prevalence was of 16.7% ; the disc displacement had a reduction of 10.8% ; arthralgia, osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis had 20.6 %, 24.5% and 25.5% respectively. One individual alone presented disc displacement without any reduction. The patients who wore RPP showed a prevalence of TMD of 58.8% . The others who never wore RPP showed 73.8%. However, patients who own it but did not wear it, showed 80.7% of prevalence. The relative frequency of TMD among patients from 20 to 39 years; from 40 to 59 years and those over 60 years had the same frequency. In group of patients from 20 to 39 years the highest prevalence was for miofascial pain with limited opening as well as arthralgia. Among patients from 40 to 59 years, the most prevalent diseases were osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis. Patients over 60 years showed a higher prevalence of arthralgia and osteoartrosis. In relation to the gender, the prevalence of TMD among men was of 71.4% and among women of 70.3% . Conclusions: a) TMD prevalence among patients with bilateral free end, in the sample, was of 70.6%. b) from this sample, TMD that attacked the temporomandibular joint was the most prevalent, presenting osteoarthitis and osteoarthrosis the highest indexes; c) patients who did not wear RPP presented relative frequencies of TMD higher than the ones who wore it; d) the age and gender did not present big differences in the prevalence values ; e) TMD prevalence was similar among patients from 0 to 2 and from 3 to 4 occlusal units.
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Fernandes, Neto Tobias Rafael. "Sistema de transporte vertical utilizando um motor de indução linear bilateral." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18702.
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FERNANDES NETO, T. R. Sistema de transporte vertical utilizando um motor de indução linear bilateral. 2007. 172 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Elétrica) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2007.Submitted by João silva (jpauloqxb@gmail.com) on 2016-06-08T17:44:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_trfernandesneto.pdf: 5314699 bytes, checksum: d31c7e61532355392ffe87f2d9da0625 (MD5)
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This work looks at a conception of a counterweight elevator prototype, using a linear induction motor, hence a development of an inverter. Thus the use of the linear drive makes it a tool to impose RMS voltage levels, an angular phase displacement and a fundamental frequency of the output voltage, different for some input conditions in the future. This project also proposes a new paradigm of vertical conveying, through a new construction technique and arrangement of the system with counterweight allowing an increase of trustworthy, comfort and costless. The project methodology, simulation and experimental results of a linear motor and an inverter 5.4KVA prototype developed in laboratory are presented in order to validate the theoretical analysis and to prove the system performance.
Este trabalho apresenta a concepção de um protótipo de elevador com contrapeso, utilizando o motor de indução linear e conseqüentemente o desenvolvimento de um inversor. Desta maneira o uso do inversor no acionamento do motor linear, o torna uma ferramenta para impor níveis de tensão eficaz, um defasamento angular e uma freqüência da tensão fundamental de saída, diferentes para várias condições de alimentação para estudos futuros. Propõe também um novo paradigma para o transporte vertical, através de uma nova técnica de construção e arranjo do sistema com contrapeso, permitindo o aumento da confiança, conforto e velocidade. A metodologia de projeto, simulação e resultados experimentais de um protótipo do motor linear e do inversor 5,4 KVA desenvolvido em laboratório são apresentados para validar a análise teórica e comprovar o desempenho do sistema.
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Gondim, Ricardo Franklin. "Canal mandibular e osteotomia sagital bilateral da mandíbula : uma análise topográfica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/13618.
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GONDIM, Ricardo Franklin. Canal mandibular e osteotomia sagital bilateral da mandíbula : uma análise topográfica. 2015. 71 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Odontologia) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2015-10-20T14:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rfgondim.pdf: 2405193 bytes, checksum: 2c98e13b90b6c4ef055b1a0bfe94e301 (MD5)
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A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible (BSSO) is performed for correction of dentofacial deformities and can be used to make forward and retract movements and for changes in the occlusal plane. In an attempt to protect the inferior alveolar nerve, the surgeon makes the osteotomy so that there is no exposure of such a structure at the time of separation of the segments. Despite having facial differences and the relationship of occlusion, Class I, II and III patients are subject to the same surgical technique without changes to adapt to the peculiarities of each case. The mandibular canal ratio analysis with the design of the BSSO can provide important information to enable the professional to set standards and osteotomy levels for each type of malocclusion. Objective: To analyze bilaterally, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the topography of the mandibular canal of a sample of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Methods: 444 CBCT in the preoperative phase who underwent orthognathic surgery with the use of the BSSO from 2009 to 2014 were analysed according the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 213 were studied. The classification of patients according to malocclusion was based on the mesiodistal relationship of the upper and lower canines, using intraoral photos. Points located in the mandibular foramen, the anterior border of the mandible, distal second molar and interproximal first and second lower molar bilaterally served as a reference to perform the measurements. The software Dolphin Imanging 3D ®, version 11.7 was used for the measurements. Data analysis were performed with the Statistical Packcage software for the Social Sciences®, version 17.0 with a 95% confidence interval. In statistical associations were used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis. Results: Patients class III had bilateral reduction in bone height in the regions of anterior border of the mandibular branch, distal second molar and between the molars. Also had bilateral reduced bone thickness in the anterior border of the mandibular ramus. Class II patients showed increased thickness of the base jaw. As the distance of the second molar in relation to the mandibular lingula, class II patients had lower height, and class III patients had greater height. Conclusion: The mandibular canal showed topographical differences between the types of malocclusion, suggesting the need to differentiate the depth and the thickness of the bone cuts. Future studies with individualized osteotomies for the types of malocclusion are required to verify the clinical application of the findings of this research.
A osteotomia sagital bilateral da mandíbula (OSBM) é utilizada para correção de deformidades dentofaciais, podendo ser utilizada para realizar movimentos de avanço, de recuo e para modificações no plano oclusal. Na tentativa de proteger o nervo alveolar inferior, o cirurgião procura realizar a osteotomia de forma que não haja a exposição de tal estrutura no momento da separação dos segmentos. Apesar de apresentarem diferenças faciais e na relação da chave de oclusão, os pacientes classe I, II e III são submetidos a mesma técnica cirúrgica sem alterações que se adaptem às peculiaridades de cada caso. A análise da relação do canal mandibular com o desenho da OSBM tem a possibilidade de fornecer informações importantes para que o profissional possa definir padrões e níveis de osteotomia para cada tipo de má-oclusão. Objetivo: Analisar bilateralmente, com o uso de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC), a topografia do canal mandibular de uma amostra de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Material e Método: 444 TCFC na fase pré-operatória de pacientes que foram submetidos à cirurgia ortognática com o emprego da OSBM no período de 2009 a 2014 foram submetidas aos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, das quais, 213 compuseram a amostra pesquisada. A classificação dos pacientes quanto à má-oclusão foi baseada na relação mésio-distal dos caninos superiores e inferiores, utilizando fotos intra-orais. Pontos localizados no forame mandibular, borda anterior do ramo mandibular, distal de segundo molar inferior e interproximal de primeiro e segundo molar inferior bilateralmente serviram de referência para realizar as mensurações. O software Dolphin Imanging 3D®, versão 11.7 foi utilizado para realizar as medidas. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o software Statistical Packcage for the Social Sciences®, versão 17.0 com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Nas associações estatísticas foram usados os testes de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, de Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon ou Kruskall-Wallis. Resultados: Pacientes classe III apresentaram redução bilateral da altura óssea nas regiões de borda anterior do ramo mandibular, distal de segundo molar e entre os molares inferiores. Também apresentaram redução bilateral da espessura óssea na região da borda anterior do ramo mandibular. Pacientes classe II apresentaram aumento da espessura da base da mandíbula. Quanto à distância do segundo molar em relação à língula mandibular, pacientes classe II apresentaram menor altura, e pacientes classe III apresentaram maior altura. Conclusão: O canal mandibular apresentou diferenças topográficas entre os tipos de má-oclusão, sugerindo a necessidade de diferenciar a profundidade e a espessura dos cortes ósseos. Estudos futuros com osteotomias individualizadas para os tipos de má-oclusão são necessários para verificar a aplicação clínica dos achados dessa pesquisa.
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Peñafiel, Poblete Claudio Antonio. "Sacadas repetidas y estimulación táctil bilateral, formas de afectar procesos atencionales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168751.
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Tesis para optar al grado de magíster en neurocienciasSe encuentra establecido que la cognición ejerce efectos en el movimiento, pero no se encuentra completamente si el movimiento tiene efectos sobre la cognición. El “Eye Movement Desensitation and Reproccesing“ (E.M.D.R.) es una terapia no verbal, en la cual el terapeuta realiza movimientos de sus dedos de manera bilateral, los cuales deben ser seguidos por el movimiento de los ojos de del paciente. Muchos estudios han mostrado una asociación entre procesos cognitivos como la atención y el movimiento bilateral en esta terapia, sin embargo, los mecanismos cerebrales que explican esta asociación, no se encuentran comprendidos. Recientemente se ha empezado a entender como el cambio en el diámetro pupilar puede ser un marcador no-invasivo y fiable para distinguir distintas redes atencionales y por lo tanto un buen blanco para entender los mecanismos subyacentes del E.M.D.R. En el presente estudio, se comparó el tiempo de respuesta de 21 personas frente a cuatro tipos de estimulación (estimulación bilateral táctil, horizontal, vertical, y sin movimiento) que respondieron el ANT-R; los resultados mostraron. una disminución significativa de los tiempos de reacción cuando los sujetos fueron estimulados táctilmente; esta disminución del tiempo no se vio reflejada en un cambio en el diámetro pupilar.
It is established that cognition exerts effects on movement, but is not completely found if movement has effects on cognition. The "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing" (E.M.D.R.) is a non-verbal therapy, in which the therapist performs bilateral finger movements, which must be followed by the patient's eye movement. Many studies have shown an association between cognitive processes, such as attention, and bilateral movement in this therapy. However, the brain mechanisms that explain this association are not understood. Recently it has begun to understand how the change in the pupillary diameter can be a non-invasive and reliable marker to distinguish different attentional networks and therefore a good target to understand the underlying mechanisms of E.M.D.R. In the present study, the response time of 21 individuals was compared to four types of stimulation (bilateral tactile stimulation, horizontal, vertical, and no movement) that responded to ANT-R; The results showed a significant decrease in reaction times when subjects were tactilely stimulated; This decrease in time was not reflected in a change in the pupillary diameter.
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Lin, Ting-Hao, and 林鼎皓. "Content-Aware Bilateral Texture Filtering." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21615318590641803057.
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碩士國立交通大學
多媒體工程研究所
103
An image often contains structures and textures. Because of textures, we cannot do some operation on an image, such as seam carving. Therefore we need to separate textures and structures. When separating them, we may mix-up small structures and textures and then lose small structures. In this thesis, we improve Bilateral Texture Filtering algorithm. Their method uses a patch to represent a pixel. By patch shift, it can remove textures and preserve structures. However, it could produce some artifacts in edges and lose small structures. Instead of patch shift, we adjust the patch size. In important structures, we use smaller patch to represent a pixel. Our method is fast and easy. It can remove texture and preserve details.
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Yu, Shin-Pei, and 於昕霈. "Adaptive Bilateral Filter for Noise Removal." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87541247765812487314.
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碩士義守大學
資訊工程學系
101
When bilateral filter smoothes images with highly corrupted noise by using small-scale parameters, a large amount of noise cannot be removed. Conversely, if large-scale parameters are used, the edges in images will become blurred. In this thesis, we propose a new adaptive filtering method based on content analysis. The method partitions images into background and edge, and then uses bilateral filter to smooth images with different scales to improve visual results. We first detect the edges in an image, and then convert the grayscale image to binary image by binarization processing. Since human is more sensitive to noise than the edges, the background is smoothed with large-scale parameter and the edges are smoothed with small-scale parameter. In this way, noises in edges and background can be eliminated separately. Experimental results show that our method smoothes images while preserving edges even the image was highly corrupted by noise, and achieves better results than that of the bilateral filter.
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Huang, Yen-Lan, and 黃彥嵐. "Noise Reduction Using Enhanced Bilateral Filter." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39356620011546484460.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
94
Noise reduction is an important block in the image pipeline. Noticing noise in an image is unpleasant. A good noise reduction method can reduce the noise level and preserve the detail of the image. In this paper, we introduce some basic noise types and traditional noise reduction methods. Then we create photometric functions and geometric functions based on the concept of the bilateral filter. We use experiments to show our proposed methods are more robust to salt-and-pepper noise. Besides, we show that our methods take less time compared with Gaussian bilateral filter.
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HUANG, JHAN-YU, and 黃展育. "LUT-based Bilateral Filter Hardware Implementation." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p4uq89.
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碩士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
107
Image blurring is a technique majoring to reduce image noise and reduce detail when image processing and inferior sampling, Therefore, image blurring can effectively reduce image noise. This research focuses on a technology applied to image blurring, bilateral filters for hardware, and the desire to improve the image quality without consuming too much hardware cost and achieving weight reduction. Since exponential calculation is difficult to implement on hardware, we use the look-up table method as the basis for exponential calculation because of computing hardware and memory usage. By analyzing the two weights of the bilateral filter for the traditional bilateral filter, which is the Similarity weight and the Closeness weight. According to our algorithm, the original formula can be simplified to a certain extent to achieve the purpose of hardware simplification. In addition to improving image quality, this study also focuses on reducing the computational complexity and hardware cost of the algorithm. the research also focused on reducing the computational complexity and hardware cost. We are devoted to implement the hardware of real-time applications with line buffer-based algorithm.
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Chen, Ho-Yu, and 陳和裕. "Gaussian Noise Removal Using Simplified Bilateral Filtering." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31317342899581774057.
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碩士國立中興大學
資訊科學與工程學系所
98
Digital images are often corrupted by noise during image acquisition or transmission due to a number of nonidealities encountered in image sensors and communication channels. To overcome this problem, many methods were proposed. In this study, we focus on Gaussian noise. Traditional methods such that mean filter is simple, but it often causes blurred edge. Therefore many methods were proposed for noise reduction and preserving image edge. However, most of these methods need more time for processing noisy image. Besides it has one major problem that it is not easy to decide a pixel is an image detail or a noise. To overcome this problem, someone proposed automatic estimation method for Gaussian noise standard deviation by parameter tuning. And we can use this estimation value for image processing. But these are some problems that it needs lot of time for Gaussian noise standard deviation estimation. To solve this problem we proposed a fast algorithm called Logarithm Search Method (LSM). In this study we propose a simplified bilateral filter (SBF). SBF uses less time to remove noise and preserve image edge. Then we use Lookup-Table to reduce the time for calculate weight. In experiment result, we can observe that our proposed method efficient remove noise while preserving image edge. The most important is that it can filter the noisy image in real-time. As a result, the proposed method is suitable for hardware implementation.
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Tseng, Wen-Hsuan, and 曾文宣. "Bilateral trade relation between Chile and EU." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48900167839346643559.
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碩士淡江大學
拉丁美洲研究所碩士班
93
For many years, Chile has the most competitive ability for Latin America countries in global competition strength appraisal report at WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM, because of its stable basis economic, growing economy, low inflation, monetary system and good foreign invest system. European Union is one of Chile’s main trade partners and investors, Chile and European countries have traditional economic and trade relations. Chile has accounted for EU''s export about it’s total export amount to 1/3. For expand external trade space, Chile’s economy deeply depends on exportation. It is the most positive country in Latin America to set up the free trade agreement and participate in the regional economic and trade integration.. The paper makes an analysis the situation that Chile participates in the international organizations and signs the free trade agreement with various countries, as well as Chile and EU’s bilateral relations develop. Chile and EU have signed the Association Agreement in Brussels on November 18, 2002. The content besides the free trade agreement, also contains international affairs, social security, education, technic and economy, attack terrorism as well as cared about together. It including all aspects of trade, specially establishes the property and the service free trade area. Both parties believe to reach an agreement not only deepen the bilateral cooperation, but also improve Latin America and Europe''s relations. Chile continues to develop internationally and liberally, the Chilean government always hopes it can become key position among Asian Pacific, Americas and Europe. Chile experience gives us the enlightenment is that Taiwan limited in the international political relation, but influences strongly in the international economy. Taiwan has the necessity of speeding up to carry out the regional economic plans and join more internatonal economic organizations.
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SHIH, YU-CHENG, and 施有政. "Real-Time Bilateral Filter by FPGA Implementation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91793145941549715951.
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碩士輔仁大學
電機工程學系碩士班
105
This thesis applies the FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) to implement real-time bilateral filter for image denoising. The advantages of bilateral filter are to reduce noise effectively but at same time preserve the structural information of images. Therefore, the bilateral filter is widely used in image processing. However, the bilateral filter needs more computational resources because of its complex calculation involved. We propose a method to implement a real-time bilateral filter through reducing computational complexity. Our design is designed on register-level parallelized pipeline architecture, and separating bilateral filter’s input data into groups. After calculating the similarity function, results were transferred to a distance component and then an adder tree. This process is introduced to accelerate the operation of the similarity function and obtain result in real-time. The filter size of this method can be easily adjustable different filtering effects. This method was implemented on Xilinx Zynq, and the frequency of FPGA is 150MHz. We used PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and SSIM (Structural Similarity Index) to validate our design and the comparison with the existing methods with the different filter sizes demonstrates that our design can achieve better image quality. In terms of execution speed, our design is 574 times faster than the classical bilateral filter running on a PC for grey images that are 1920x1080 and have 8-bit depth. Our method can achieve real-time performance with 33 FPS.
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Lu, Chung-Sheng, and 呂仲生. "An Appraisal System for Bilateral Vehicle Accident." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83100890516740977376.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
車輛科技研究所
99
In Taiwan, there are hundreds of accidents every day recorded by government due to the human factor and environmental factor. The accident usually involved the money dispute; therefore the accident appraisal must indicate the bilateral parties’ blame clearly: all blame; major blame; minor blame and none blame. This study employed Radial Basis Function Neural Networks to build an expert system for appraisal of bilateral vehicle accident. The database was built from 489 accident cases in Taiwan from the year of 2004 to 2008. According to Committee’s analysis, there are 30 appraisal basses including environmental basses and vehicle basses chosen to be the input of the expert system. The training stage was carried out by four types. Validation stage was carried out by using 100 fixed cases and the correctness was recorded. The training and validation processes were completed in one second. With the design of the graphical user interfaces, the system could be easier to use and circulate. The more users’ reflections and problem response, the more system’s disadvantage could be improved.
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Lin, Cheng-Han, and 林鉦翰. "Regional Economic Agreements and Bilateral Trade Flows." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15629304805535487725.
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碩士國立高雄大學
應用經濟學系碩士班
99
The objective of this dissertation is to study the effects of regional economic agreements on bilateral trade flows. By using various specifications of gravity-type model, namely the pooled cross section (PCS), two-way fixed effects (FE2), three-way fixed effects (FE3) and generalized fixed effects (FEG) model, the study focuses on five major regional economic agreements, the EU, EURO, NAFTA, AFTA, and MERCOSUR. For the model selection, the study uses the AIC and BIC information criteria, and suggests that model FE2 is preferred. The study further investigates the difference of intercepts estimated from models FE2 and FE3.
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Yang, Yuan. "Stable bilateral teleoperation with time-varying delays." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8318.
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A teleoperation system is a master-slave robotic system in which the master and slave robots are at different geographical locations and synchronize their motions through the communication channel, with the goal of enabling the human operator to interact with a remote environment. The two primary objectives of bilateral teleoperation systems, position tracking and force feedback, are necessary for providing the user with high fidelity telepresence. However, time delays in communication channels impede the realization of the two objectives and even destabilize the system. To guarantee stability and improve performance, several damping injection-based controllers have been developed in this thesis for two channel and four channel teleoperation systems. For two channel teleoperation, an adaptive bounded state feedback controller has firstly been proposed to address teleoperation with time-varying delays, model uncertainties and bounded actuations. Next, a simplified and augmented globally exponentially convergent velocity observer has been designed and incorporated in the conventional P+d control to obtain stable bilateral teleoperation without using velocity measurements. Then, the more challenging bounded output feedback control problem has been solved by combining the bounded state feedback control and output feedback control two techniques with more conservative control gains. In four channel teleoperation, a hybrid damping and stiffness adjustment strategy has been introduced to tightly constrain the master and slave robots and achieve robust stability. Further, the nonsingular version is developed to conquer the singularity problem in the hybrid strategy, which has been proved to avoid unexpected torque spikes due to the singularity problem at zero velocities. Besides, this thesis has also provided a reduced-order controller to guarantee position coordination for arbitrarily large position errors and maintain the tight coupling between the master and slave sites. After concluding all the research results, future study directions are pointed out at the end of this thesis.Graduate
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Chen, Yu-Ching, and 陳昱晴. "Adaptive Bilateral Filter Design for Image Noise Removal." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91036303905931026645.
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碩士義守大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
101
Due to many known or unknown factors, the most important problem encountered is the presence of the image noise during the acquisition procedure-no matter what nature or medical images and the interference is also very difficult to avoid. Therefore, many image denoising algorithms have been proposed to address the problem in the past decades. Among them, the bilateral filter receives much attention since it achieves not only excellent performance but also low complexity. The bilateral filter considers the spatial and the intensity relation simultaneously. Due to the simplicity in implementation, the bilateral filter has been widely used in many image denoising applications. In our work, we will discuss the structure of bilateral filter in detail, and then propose adaptive scheme to adjust the filter parameters. According to the simulation result, the proposed method is with higher performance than that of convention bilateral filter not only reducing noise but also visual quality for both nature images and medical images.
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Chen, Chyi-Shyan, and 陳奇賢. "Business Group,Bilateral Tade and Strategic Trade Policy." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15987512697506313043.
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Wu, Yu-Chen, and 吳宥蓁. "Stereo Image Dehazing Based on Cross Bilateral Filtering." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v343vr.
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碩士國立交通大學
多媒體工程研究所
105
In this thesis, we present a novel dehazing approach for stereo images based on cross bilateral filtering. Numerous dehazing algorithms have been proposed before. Nevertheless, most of the dehazing algorithms are proposed for a single image. This will produce inconsistent results if dehazing stereo images iteratively. We simultaneously estimate scene depth and dehaze the stereo images. The proposed approach is based on the observation of depth cues in the stereo images. The main idea of using depth cues is to avoid inconsistent results and of using the cross bilateral filter is to preserve shape details. The results show that the proposed approach can get better results compared with the previous methods.
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Barberan, Tatiana Mieles, and 宓塔蒂. "Bilateral Commercial Analysis Taiwan –Ecuador Period 2013 – 2018." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p7gu9x.
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碩士淡江大學
美洲研究所亞太研究數位學習碩士在職專班
107
The following research work is carried out with the objective of analyzing trade relations and agreements of Taiwan - Ecuador, the purpose of which is to measure the importance of the Economy between countries, imports and exports in the period 2013 - 2018. Ecuador''s relations with China and how they affect Ecuador''s relations with Taiwan, what would be the positive effects of an improvement in these relations and how they would help the micro and macro industries with adequate support from Taiwan. The political impact on relations with other countries, due to the influence of China. How to improve the economic relations that have declined during the last years, plans of the commercial office of Taipei to improve the commercial exchange with Ecuador for this year. Ecuador has unilaterally demanded that the Taiwanese Embassy in the country eliminate the words "Republic of China" from its name, revealed on Tuesday, June 27, 2017, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan, which attributed it to Chinese pressures. There are other sectors in Ecuador that have important agreements with Taiwan such as the Oil Area, in which Taiwan helps to drill new wells for oil extraction, the Education, Agriculture and Fishing area. In the same way, there is an important relationship with the production chambers. Humanitarian assistance has been very important to Ecuador in the wake of the 2016 earthquake, in which Taiwan cooperated with several million dollars for reconstruction in the affected area, following up and helping to date.
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Hsiao, Wei-Lin, and 蕭煒霖. "Robust Adaptive Control of a Bilateral Control System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86406529235619088820.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
105
To handle the influences of model uncertainties in master-slave teleoperation systems, taking sliding mode control strategy into the bilateral position tracking control design has been proven as an effective and feasible method. However, this method has a practical limitation that the bounds of unidentified parameters and external disturbances must be known a priori. This study presents a robust adaptive controller (RAC) design for a fingertip bilateral control system. The presented RAC method combines the advantages of sliding mode control and adaptive control, which guarantees the estimation of nonlinear plant parameters to be uniformly ultimately bounded by updating the slow time-varying system parameters on-line and an accurate system model is not needed. A saturation function is applied to alleviate the chattering phenomenon for robust term adjustment. In the proposed bilateral control design, an impedance controller is used to provide desired energy dissipation characteristics for bilateral force tracking control. A classical robust control and the RAC design are applied to analyze the bilateral position tracking control performance and the closed-loop stability and asymptotic output error convergence is ensured via Lyapunov analysis. The experiments on an 1-DOF master/slave bilateral teleoperation system demonstrate that the presented bilateral control method can provide satisfactory position/force tracking control performance with consideration of the friction effects from torsion spring mechanisms. The proposed control design also shows its superior bilateral position tracking performance when the system dynamics are changed by adding unknown payloads to the slave side of the bilateral system.
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Liao, Wei-Ling, and 廖偉伶. "Bilateral Contract and Uncertainty in a Matching Market." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32paaz.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
經濟學系
93
I investigate the effects of matching probability and production-side uncertainty on output and contracting in this paper. The model consists of two types of agents, identified by their ownership of two types of indivisible assets. Firms must be paired via a matching process in order to form productive relationships involving long-term investments and ongoing effort. I show that when future expected return increases, the government can reduce the matching probability in order to induce the maximum gross return. Depending on the profit prospect, a firm is allowed to choose between a robust contract and fragile contract. The opportunity cost for investment and matching probability will affect its choice of contract. This paper also illustrates that when there is no uncertainty in output level, firms will choose robust contracts.
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Chen, Jue-lei, and 陳建澧. "Color image enhancement using Bilateral and GDDRC algorithms." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53595834806152629731.
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碩士世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
98
Mainly due to the Bilateral filter itself is the use of dynamic range compression is not in itself the main use of the advantages, so the present study, GDDRC significantly improved the ability to be Bilateral filter of the deficiencies and, through detailed images of the detachable Bilateral filter usefulness, combined with GDDRC to use, the details of the Detachable a more complete image, so that the final result image of the details of the lines can be a complete presentation, so that Bilateral filter and GDDRC algorithms on a combination of a more effective use of its advantages
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Pan, Po-Hong, and 潘柏宏. "Euroscepticism: Bilateral Relations between UK and European Union." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71319043969064132993.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
102
“Euroscepticism” is now one of the most significant trend in Europe’s political thinking and public debate. In 2013, David Cameron, the Prime Minister of The Great Britain, declare that if Conservative Party wins the general election of 2015, he will hold a referendum in 2017 to let British people decide their future in European Union. He state clearly that British Government’s negotiate with EU will be much more frequently. Once Cameron fails to make a “good enough” deal with EU, he will turn his direction to stand for a “YES” vote. In this thesis, we focus on the case study of UK, the most “Eurosceptical” country in Europe. Otherwise, for the reason we tried to be more broad-minded, we also analysis EU’s member state and candidate state, how their political parties and public be “pro-European” or “Euroscptic”. Based on the research of mass relative documents and essays, This thesis will show how this trend germinated, mushroomed, and now become an unstoppable brainstorm wave.
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Li, Yi-Ying, and 李宜穎. "A STUDY OF BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN TAIWAN AND MEXICO." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03739288461887281213.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
96
Mexico is in Latin America that has advantage of NAFTA, and with GoldmanSachs report anticipative analysis. Taiwan should develop bilateral trade with Mexico that is an emerging country in economy and trade. Above all, Our positive study applies the theory of comparative advantage to treat about the industrial competitiveness between Taiwan and Mexico. Our data comes from WTO in the period of 1980-2005.Moreover, we apply time-series ARIMA models to analyze the trade relationship between Taiwan and Mexico. The data of merchandise trade comes from Customs Office of ROC, which covers the monthly series from January of 1989 to December of 2007. Lastly, we apply the theory of intea-industry trade, the data comes from Customs Office of ROC, which the commodities of two code from January of 1989 to December of 2007. The analysis point including intea-industry trade index of total and single commodity to explain biliteral trade variation of nineteen years. Our positive result reveals that with distinction of industrial structure between Taiwan and Mexico. Taiwan need to engage the economic cooperation with Mexico to benefit global strategy of our firms.The study result also shows that the import and export ARIMA mdoel fits with the theatrical requirements. To sum up, through the time-series analysis of bilateral trade, we can observe the trade dynamics to promote Taiwan’s long-term trade policy toward Mexico.According to the analytic result of intea-industry trade, Mexico have the highest intea-industry trade index in electric machinery with Taiwan, secondary is plastics and rubber manufacture and optics precision instrument.
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Wang, Po-Hsiang, and 王柏祥. "Rain Removal in Video by Spatial-Temporal Bilateral Filter." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52617302648110847716.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
100
Abstract As outdoor surveillance systems have been widely deployed everywhere, the emphasis on the quality of their frames also rises simultaneously. Rain is a weather phenomenon we frequently encounter in our daily lives, and it is also one the most severe interferences to the frames captured in outdoor surveillance systems, which usually leads to unclear frames and makes users hard to judge and analyze the image information. It also causes the failures of several automatic video analysis subsystems in video surveillance, such as feature detection, segmentation, and object recognition. Due to the random and swift movement of raindrops, it becomes a challenge to remove them from the images and to restore the noisy images back to the clear one. Several previous works have been proposed in literatures; however, most of them can only deal with limited conditions, and several important parameters are required to be set manually, which makes these approaches not feasible for surveillance systems. In this thesis, since the rain drops result in complex space-and-time-varying signals in the images, we treat the rain removal problem as am image de-noising problem. We first propose to employ spatial-temporal bilateral filter as a raindrop filter. Moreover, we also propose software and hardware cooperation methods along with the function of adaptive parameters to achieve the “plug and play” capability required for easy deployment in real applications. The experimental results show that the efficiency of this algorithm surpasses those of other existing algorithms. Detailed hardware architecture analysis is also presented in this thesis to derive an efficient hardware architecture for the proposed algorithm. We also implement the hardware as a chip by using the ASIC design flow with TSMC 90nm technology, and the die size is 2.352 x 2.354mm². Under the working frequency of 125 MHz, the chip can support real-time 30 1920x1080 fps video processing capability.
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Yang-Terng, Fann, and 范揚騰. "The Effects of Eye Patching on Bilateral Symmetrical Attention." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88693866999161004819.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
臨床行為科學研究所
92
Eye patching is a commonly used strategy for remediating vision and visual attention deficits. This thesis was designed to investigate the behavioral and neurological effects on the performance of bilateral symmetrical attention. Eighteen right handed college male students participated this study to perform the line bisection and the computerized landmark tasks under three conditions: (1) non-patching condition; (2) right monocular patching condition; and (3) right hemi-field patching condition. Besides the behavioral data collected in both tasks, the event -related potentials (ERPs) were also investigated in the landmark task. Findings of the line bisection performance showed a more manifest leftward error under the right hemi-field patching condition than others (F(2.30, 17.28) = 5.27, effect size eta = .64, p = .01). Nevertheless, the right monocular patching presented greater rightward error than other conditions. The results of early event-related potentials (50-90 msec post stimulus) showed the peak amplitude differences between right/left occipital regions among three patching conditions were significant (F(2.84, 21.27) = 3.42, effect size eta = .56, p = .04). Especially, the right occipital regions were activated more under the right hemi-field patching condition. Similarly, in the late phase (140-300 msec post stimulus), the right lateralized effect was also found in the parietal regions under the condition of right hemi-field patching. As a result, the right hemi-field patching might increase the right hemisphere activation and the awarness of left visual hemispace. Whereas, the right monocular patching condition was not able to achieve this right lateralized effect, it might induce the attentional bias to right hemispace. These behavioral and electrophysiological findings will be used to substantiate the meaning of eye patching on neurobehavioral theory and visual rehabilitation.
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CHEN, CHAO-YING, and 陳昭瑩. "Proprioception and Functional Test after Bilateral Total Knee Replacement." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79897066697597138119.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
物理治療學研究所
87
The purposes of this research are 1) to establish a new reliable assessment method for proprioceptive function of knee joint in clinical use, 2) to assess the propriopceptive function of the total knee replacement （TKR）patients and 3) to exam the relationship of proprioception and ambulating function. There were 16 TKR patients and 16 aged matched control group in this study. Two assessment model for propriocetive function — unilateral and bilateral model were used, and subjects were test with active method and passive method separately. In data analysis, the constant error, variable error, and root mean square error were used.. Result showed that the proprioceptive function of the TKR patient was poor, and the walking velocity was slower than aged matched control group. There was no correlation between propriocpetion and walking speed in the TKR patients. Finding of this study supports that the proprioceptive function of patient after TKR is decreased. Further research is needed to exam the influence of the diminished proprioceptive function on the functional performance of TKR patients.
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Liao, Chih-Yuan, and 廖志遠. "Biological Image Fusion Using Multi-scale Bilateral Filtering Method." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mf72xg.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
資訊科學與工程學系所
101
Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP, has great contribution to biological study. With phase contrast image provide detail structure information, the biological image fusion help a lot in protein study. In this paper, we provide a new idea to fuse these two images which the GFP image provide the color information and phase contrast image provide the local and structure information.We first apply a Multi-scale bilateral filter (MSBF) fusion in YCbCr domain with GFP image and contrast image and get a transit image. The transit image then use as the GFP image with the phase contrast image again. After apply the second time’s MSBF in IHS domain, we can get an well-fused image with color information and fine structure information. The experiment and result shows that our idea is better than other fusion method.
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Hsieh, Po-Shun, and 謝博順. "A VLSI Architecture of Bilateral Filter for Image Denoising." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a6p5e4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
資訊工程學系積體電路設計碩士班
105
The image processing may have lots of image noising caused by various reasons, these noising may disturb the use of the image. Therefore, the image de-noising is a very important technology for the application of the image processing. The processing of image de-noising must not destroy the image features. The bilateral filter is one of the most popular image de-noising technology in the field of image processing. The advantage of bilateral filter is to retain the details of image edge when processing of image de-noising, which also make it widely used in the multitude of field. The operations of Bilateral Filter is very complex, therefore some researches present the hardware-implement to improve the operating speed. Although these methods can improve the operating speed, the cost of hardware circuits still need to be reduced. In this paper, we present a method that reduces the cost for a high-speed Bilateral Filter. In order to reduce the cost of hardware, we present a LUT (Look up Table) to decrease the use of memory space. The basic hardware structure is designed by VLSI circuit, in accordance with the Verilog hardware-implement, and synthesized by the use of Design Compiler. Ultimately, finalising the back-end section of APR with IC Compiler. In terms of research and relevant references, the empirical results reveal that our design can keep more competitive features in speed and reduced cost without lowering the image quality.
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SOVERSHAEV, NIKITA, and 尼基塔. "BILATERAL RELATIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF RUSSIA-ASEAN PARTNERSHIP." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/445dve.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
臺灣與亞太研究全英語碩士學位學程
106
In the modern world, numerous integration groups have developed. One such is ASEAN, a regional political, economic and cultural intergovernmental organization of South-East Asia. Its members are the following countries: Brunei, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines. Russia is an important player on the world stage and it also takes an active part in the life of this region. This thesis examines the key tendencies and problems of the partnership between Russia and ASEAN countries. To do this, we will carefully analyze the economic, political and cultural situation in the Asia-Pacific region. This thesis will also have some policy recommendations.