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Journal articles on the topic 'Bilateral cooperation agreements'
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KINNE, BRANDON J. "Network Dynamics and the Evolution of International Cooperation." American Political Science Review 107, no. 4 (October 8, 2013): 766–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055413000440.
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Cooperation helps states realize mutual gains, but mistrust and disagreements over institutional design inhibit cooperation. This article develops a network explanation for how states achieve cooperation in the face of persistent coordination and collaboration problems. The analysis focuses on bilateral cooperation agreements, a vast body of treaties spanning multiple issue areas. Bilateral agreements constitute an evolving network of cooperative ties. This network defines the strategic environment in which states bargain over new agreements, endogenously influencing subsequent bilateral endeavors by revealing strategically valuable information about states’ trustworthiness and preferences over institutional design, while also generating externalities that incentivize bilateral partnerships. Inferential network analysis shows that states are more likely to create bilateral agreements if they (1) share agreements with common third parties, (2) accede to more agreements in general, and/or (3) share important exogenous characteristics with current bilateral partners. These network dynamics drive bilateral cooperation in everything from commodities to cultural exchange to fisheries.
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Cross, Eugene D. "International Cooperation in Competition Law Enforcement." Leiden Journal of International Law 5, no. 1 (February 1992): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500002028.
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On September 23,1991, an agreement was signed by the Commission of the European Communities and the United States government to promote cooperation and coordination of theircompetition law enforcement efforts. This is the fourth such bilateral agreement to which the United States is a party, and the first for the Commission. Previous US agreements are in force with Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Australia.
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Maggi, Giovanni. "The Role of Multilateral Institutions in International Trade Cooperation." American Economic Review 89, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.1.190.
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) lacks the power to directly enforce agreements. It is therefore important to understand what role the WTO can play to facilitate international cooperation, and whether a multilateral institution can offer distinct advantages over a web of bilateral agreements. This paper examines two potential benefits of a multilateral trade institution: first, verifying violations of the agreements and informing third parties, thus facilitating multilateral reputation mechanisms; second, promoting multilateral trade negotiations rather than a web of bilateral negotiations. The model suggests that a multilateral approach is particularly important when there are strong imbalances in bilateral trading relationships. (JEL F13)
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Przeworski, Adam, and James Raymond Vreeland. "A Statistical Model of Bilateral Cooperation." Political Analysis 10, no. 2 (2002): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/10.2.101.
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In most situations of bilateral cooperation we can observe only whether or not potential partners actually cooperate. Yet we often want to know what factors lead the actors to enter into and continue cooperation. The model we develop—a dynamic version of bivariate probit with partial observability—permits one to estimate the probabilities that either of two parties would want to cooperate and to identify the factors that affect these probabilities. As an illustration, we focus on agreements between national governments and the International Monetary Fund. The model should have a wide applicability.
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Verma, Renu, and Jaidev Dubey. "What Does Gravity Model Reveal About SAFTA?" Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i3.60.
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During last decade, the stalemate in multilateral trade negotiations under the framework of World Trade Organization (WTO) regime has provided impetus to the signing of regional trade agreements world over .South Asia is not an exception to this trend and has been involved in setting up its own bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). Most commonly cited cooperation agreements are Agreement on Trade and Commerce between India and Bhutan(1972), India-Nepal Bilateral Trade and Transit Treaties(1991), India–Sri Lanka Bilateral Free Trade Area(1998) Bangkok Agreement (1975), Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation (BIMST-EC-2004) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association of Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC-1997). One of the most significant steps towards regional economic cooperation in the history of South Asian countries, was taken with signing of The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) formed in 1985 with the objective of exploiting “accelerated economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region†for the welfare of the peoples of South Asia. And then seven South Asian countries—Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—initiated a framework for region-wide integration under the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) in 1995. In order to further cement the regional economic relations and overcome some impediments of SAPTA, the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed in early 2004, which came into force on 1st July 2006. The SAFTA is a parallel initiative to the multilateral trade liberalization commitments of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries. SAFTA aims to reduce tariffs for intraregional trade among the seven SAARC member countries. It has been agreed that for the South Asian countries, Pakistan and India will eliminate all tariffs by 2012, Sri Lanka by 2013 and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal by 2015. The current paper is an attempt in assessing the potential trade in the region with latest dataset with Gravity model approach.
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Донцов, Павел, and Pavel Dontsov. "IMPLEMENTATION OF BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CANADA." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 4 (October 29, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14276.
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International agreements concluded during various historical periods between Canada and the European Union, European communities, as well as acts of domestic law of Canada adopted for the implementation of relevant rules of the international law, are the subject of this research. The aim of the study was to define models for the implementation of bilateral agreements between Canada and the European Union, the forms of their implementation in domestic law, and classification of existing and void agreements. The methodology used in the study includes formal juridical and legal, historical research methods, and the method of comparative law analysis. The author draws the conclusion that Canada concluded bilateral agreements at all stages of the European integration development since the 1959 Treaty between the Government of Canada and the European atomic energy community on cooperation in the peaceful uses of atomic energy and treaties between Canada and the European Economic Community about common and high-quality wheat, concluded in 1962. Currently, there are about 40 bilateral agreements between Canada and the EU (Communities), mainly in the sphere of economic, customs and scientific cooperation, carried out by Canada through “indirect implementation”.
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Barabashev, A. G., and D. V. Ponomareva. "Legal Regulation of Cooperation between the Russian Federation and the United States of America in Science and Technology." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 7 (August 25, 2019): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.104.7.115-122.
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The paper is a review of the regulatory framework of the Russian-American cooperation in science and technology. The authors analyse the interstate and intergovernmental agreements concluded by Russia and the United States in this field (1992 Agreement between the Russian Federation and the United States of America on Cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, 1993 Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the United States of America, 2013 Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation On cooperartion in nuclear- and energy-related scientific research and development). The paper highlights the key problems of legal regulation and provides specific examples of the implementation of the provisions of bilateral agreements, in particular, joint Russian-American projects in the area of space, scientific, technological and educational cooperation (the program «Soyuz-Apollon», international project «International Space Station», the Russian Academy of Sciences and the US scientific institutions cooperation agreements). In conclusion, an attempt is made to identify the main trends in the development of the legal framework for cooperation between Russia and the United States in the scientific and technological field.
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Zhao, Yun. "The Role of bilateral and multilateral agreements in international space cooperation." Space Policy 36 (May 2016): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2016.02.007.
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Fuhrmann, Matthew. "Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements." International Security 34, no. 1 (July 2009): 7–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2009.34.1.7.
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Peaceful nuclear cooperation—the transfer of nuclear technology, materials, or know-how from one state to another for peaceful purposes—leads to the spread of nuclear weapons. In particular, countries that receive peaceful nuclear assistance are more likely to initiate weapons programs and successfully develop the bomb, especially when they are also faced with security threats. Statistical analysis based on a new data set of more than 2,000 bilateral civilian nuclear cooperation agreements signed from 1950 to 2000 lends strong support for this argument. Brief case studies of the Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons programs provide further evidence of the links between peaceful nuclear assistance and proliferation. The finding that supplier countries inadvertently raise the risks of nuclear proliferation poses challenges to the conventional wisdom. Indeed, the relationship between civilian nuclear cooperation and proliferation is surprisingly broad. Even assistance that is often viewed as innocuous, such as training nuclear scientists or providing research or power reactors, increases the likelihood that nuclear weapons will spread. “Proliferation-proof” nuclear assistance does not exist. With a renaissance in nuclear power on the horizon, major suppliers, including the United States, should reconsider their willingness to assist other countries in developing peaceful nuclear programs.
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Vidigal, Geraldo, and Beatriz Stevens. "Brazil’s New Model of Dispute Settlement for Investment: Return to the Past or Alternative for the Future?" Journal of World Investment & Trade 19, no. 3 (May 3, 2018): 475–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340100.
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Abstract This article assesses the contribution of Brazil’s new bilateral treaties on investment, labelled Cooperation and Investment Facilitation Agreements (CIFAs), to the international legal framework for transnational investment. With its CIFAs, nine of which were concluded since 2015, Brazil offers an innovative model of International Investment Agreement (IIA) which does not contain investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). Instead, CIFAs establish a system that combines dispute prevention mechanisms, creating institutions to ensure continued communication and foster cooperation, and state-to-state arbitration (inspired by dispute settlement provisions common in trade agreements and codified in the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Understanding). Like recent initiatives put forward by India and the European Union, CIFAs aim not only to regulate bilateral relations but also to positively influence the current debates relating to the reform of the international investment regime. Whether they will become an alternative to the current ISDS-dominated framework will be determined by practice.
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Cameron, Peter D. "The Rules of Engagement: Developing Cross-Border Petroleum Deposits in the North Sea and the Caribbean." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 55, no. 3 (July 2006): 559–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei105.
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AbstractThe current international law applicable to the cooperative development of petroleum resources imposes few procedural requirements on States. In the event of a failure to agree, they may choose to make further efforts at developing cooperative arrangements, or go ahead independently anddevelop the resource. Recent bilateral agreements in the North Sea and the Caribbean seek to move beyond the cooperation established under bilateral delimitation treaties. They indicate a willingness to design innovative legal frameworks in which different, sometimes diverging interests may be managed. Nonetheless, early experience suggests that, in the event of a breakdown, unilateral action may follow.
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Silvereke, Siri. "Withdrawal from the eu and Bilateral Free Trade Agreements." International Organizations Law Review 15, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01502004.
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Ambiguity still remains around the legal effects of a Member State’s withdrawal from the eu in relation to the new generation of Free Trade Agreements (‘ftas’), which are concluded as bilateral mixed agreements. Such withdrawal may have secondary implications in relation to the international obligations towards the other party of the ratified agreement. According to article 70(1)(a) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (‘ vclt ’), the termination of a treaty under its provision releases the parties from the obligation further to perform the treaty. However, mixed agreements that are signed by both the Member State and the eu may cause complications. The obligation of sincere cooperation could play a large role in respect of the Member State’s compliance with its commitments under the agreement. Indeed, there are many concerns regarding the effect of the withdrawal on the eu and the withdrawing Member State in respect to mixed ftas. Could a withdrawal lead to an automatic termination or renegotiation of a trade agreement? Would it be possible to argue for fundamentally changed circumstances? Or could the principle of continuity in the vclt in the context of succession of states affect the outcome?This contribution aims to clarify the legal situation in regard to bilateral mixed ftas that are ratified or provisionally applied—such as the eu-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (‘ ceta ’)—in the event of a Member State’s withdrawal from the eu. It considers the Member State’s responsibilities and obligations when the withdrawal has been effectuated. Additionally, it explores the rights of the non-eu party to the agreements, as well as the consequences that the eu might face as a remaining party to the agreement.
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Gromyko, Anotoly A., and Michael D. Intriligator. "Soviet-U.S. Cooperation for Africa as as a Confidence-Building Measure." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 1 (1988): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700500894.
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Soviet-American cooperation for Africa can be an important confidence-building measure in reducing tensions, correcting misperceptions, promoting mutual understanding, fostering improved bilateral U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations, and creating trust. It could also lead to further cooperation in other fields or regions. At various times people have cited trade, cultural exchanges, exchanges of visitors, student exchanges, arms control agreements, and cooperation in space as initiatives that could be interpreted as confidence-building measures. All are valuable, and each can play a role in improving bilateral relations.
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Maia, R. "Portuguese–Spanish river basins: bilateral agreements' evolution and context." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2000): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0318.
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The main aim of the Portuguese–Spanish active bilateral international rivers Conventions (1964 and 1968) was to rule on the sharing of water and hydroelectric potential production of bordering river stretches. The new “Convention on Cooperation for Portuguese–Spanish River Basins Protection and Sustainable Use”, signed by the two governments but still to be ratified, envisages co-ordinating efforts on shared river basins management, aiming to attain improved risk prevention and ecosystem protection on those basins, respecting modern principles of international law. An analysis of the new Portuguese–Spanish Convention will be presented, bearing in mind international and European Union law and principles, namely the European Union Water Framework Directive Proposal. Different issues such as water resources development, protection and management of the Portuguese–Spanish river basins, including an envisaged flow regime definition, will be analysed, always according to the legal and political paradigms.
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Akhmadova, Maryam Abdurakhmanovna. "Security of rights to intellectual property created in joint activity within the framework of bilateral agreements between Russia and BRICS countries on the scientific and technical cooperation." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 3 (March 2019): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2019.3.30742.
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The subject of this research is the international acts in the area of scientific and technical cooperation of the BRICS countries – bilateral agreements between the Governments of the Russian Federation and Brazil (2007), Russian Federation and India (1994), Russian Federation and China (1992), Russian Federation and South Africa (2014), and others pertaining to protection and security of rights to intellectual property. Attention is focused on the problematic moments in legal regulation of the “preceding” and “created” within the framework of these acts of intellectual property, including the questions of dispute settlement between the parties, the order of allocation of rights to service development and compensation for them, structure and content of separate contracts concluded in accordance with the indicated agreements, etc. The scientific novelty consists in articulation of the problem and approaches towards its research. The author comes to the conclusion on the sufficient elaboration of the bilateral agreements between the Russian Federation, India and China, which is viewed as a crucial factor in the development of further cooperation in this area for the purpose of ensuring of economic modernization of these countries on the innovative basis. However, the cooperation between Brazil and South Africa is not well developed, therefore the leadership of these countries does not take measures on development and signing of intergovernmental protocol to the Agreement between the Russian Federation and Brazil, called to regulate mainly the questions of legal protection of intellectual property, which manifests as the factor hampering the development of cooperation.
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Sokolova, N. A. "International Legal Issues of Implementation of Scientific and Technological Cooperation." Lex Russica 1, no. 9 (September 26, 2019): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.154.9.146-157.
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The paper deals with theoretical, legal and institutional issues of international scientific and technological cooperation (STC). The analysis of the current state of international scientific and technological cooperation is preceded by several statements characterizing the conditions in which such cooperation is developing. The author considers the features of international agreements on STC and prospects for cooperation in terms of international legal forms of scientific and trechnological cooperation. At present, the importance of legal norms regulating international scientific and technological cooperation in the system of international law is the subject of debate. It seems that STC issues are not limited to the sphere of economic cooperation, but also cover the issues of security, development of scientific research, role in solving global problems, for example, environmental or food, the protection of human rights. The objective need for the development of scientific cooperation determines the interest in its organizational forms. Since most of STC is carried out on the basis of bilateral agreements, the paper presents a more detailed description thereof. They have similar features in terms of defining principles, priorities, economic and organizational conditions, forms of cooperation, mechanisms of implementation. The conclusion of agreements on STC is aimed at implementing science policy through the development of research capacity and creation of the environment for cooperation in scientific and technological sphere. In general, international scientific and technological cooperation, taking into account the Russian experience, can develop in several directions. First, the coordination direction, as it happened within the CIS and led to the active development of bilateral relations. Secondly, the development of integration cooperation within the EAEU. Thirdly, a special format of cooperation within the BRICS.
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Abeyratne, Sirimal. "Sri Lanka’s Free Trade Agreements with India and Pakistan: Are They Leading Bilateral Trade Beyond Normalcy?" LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 17, Special Edition (September 1, 2012): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2012.v17.isp.a13.
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Bilateralism arises as a “second-best” option when countries seek benefits beyond those of regional approaches to free trade and those of unilateral liberalization. In spite of the regional initiatives for free trade in South Asia along with policy reforms in individual countries, Sri Lanka entered into bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with India (2000) and Pakistan (2005). In a situation where trade within the South Asian region has been sluggish despite higher economic growth, trade liberalization, and regional initiatives for integration and cooperation, this article examines from the Sri Lankan point of view whether the bilateral FTAs have resulted in above-normal trade performance. The analysis suggests that better performance in bilateral trade cannot be attributed exclusively to the success of the FTAs any more than weak performance can be attributed to their shortcomings. Apart from this, merchandise trade does not appear to have performed in isolation as the extent of overall bilateral connectivity set the groundwork for greater integration. The article confirms that bilateral FTAs that seek reciprocity in integration and cooperation are indeed a “second-best” option, compared to the potential trade performance associated with unilateral liberalization in trading partner countries.
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Korsak, Roman, Vasyl Ilnytskyi, and Ivan Hodia. "UKRAINIAN-CZECH ECONOMIC LINKS: DIPLOMACY, TRADE, AND TOURISM (THE BEGINNING OF THE ХХІ CENTURY)." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-181-187.
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The article’s purpose is in a complex manner to analyse Ukrainian-Czech economic cooperation throughout 2000-2017, particularly, in the sphere of economic diplomacy, trade, and tourism. The research methods. The methodological base for a systemic research into Ukrainian-Czech economic cooperation consists of general scientific principles and postulates, as also a wide spectrum of methods, which passed into the theory of international relations from philosophy, gnoseology, ontology, axiology, dialectics, logic, history, and other particular sciences. The results. It has been proved that the bilateral cooperation under consideration depended on the Ukrainian-Czech contract-legal base coordination level, which regulated their mutual relations, repayment prospects of Ukraine’s “Yamburg debt” to the Czech Republic, the scope of cooperation of each of the countries with the European Union, and level of tourist attraction. The main long-term economic interests of Ukraine in its relations with the Czech Republic were such: the development of an economic dialogue, the realization of the common Ukrainian-Czech economic and investment projects, and cooperation in tourism development. The economically-advisory dialogue between Ukraine and the Czech Republic, according to their bilateral interstate agreements, was carried out by the Ukrainian-Czech Commission on trade and economic cooperation, the Working group on the liberalization of their mutual trade, and by other institutional bodies. The expert consultations about the cooperation in the areas of tourism, power engineering, agriculture, banking, and other social components made up an effective form of economic dialogue. The signed inter-governmental and inter-departmental contract-legal certificates became an effective result of positive economic cooperation. The most active work in this direction was done on the eve and in the first years of Czechia’s membership in the European Union. Despite much work done, it did not bring about the possibility to solve problem questions and to eliminate existing barriers in the bilateral trade. After Czechia’s joining the EU, the improvement of a trading mode between the two countries rests within the plane of agreements and the development of a necessary contract-legal base with the EU. Conclusion. The bilateral economic cooperation between Ukraine and the Czech Republic has every prospect for further intensification, especially, in the sphere of statistics of the bilateral trade and economic relations, in Ukraine’s fulfilment of its commitments provided by “Yamburg agreements”, and in the popularizations of Ukraine’s positive tourist image.
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Kinne, Brandon J. "The Defense Cooperation Agreement Dataset (DCAD)." Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 4 (July 2, 2019): 729–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719857796.
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The academic study of defense cooperation focuses heavily on formal military alliances. Yet, governments rarely sign new alliances, and the global alliance structure has remained relatively static for decades. By contrast, governments are increasingly active in defense cooperation agreements (DCAs). These bilateral framework treaties institutionalize their signatories’ day-to-day defense relations, facilitating such wide-ranging activities as defense policy coordination, joint research and development, weapons production and arms trade, joint military exercises, training and exchange programs, peacekeeping, and information exchange. Nearly 2,000 DCAs have been signed since 1980. Preliminary evidence suggests that DCAs impact numerous security, military, and defense outcomes and that governments increasingly incorporate DCAs as core elements of their security strategies. This article introduces the new DCA Dataset (DCAD). I provide a brief historical background on DCAs and compare them to other commonly studied forms of defense cooperation. I then explain coding standards and describe the data set in detail. Finally, I illustrate applications of DCAD to militarized interstate disputes and arms trade.
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Ha, Sha. "Cultural Cooperation Activities between Italian and Chinese Universities: A Case Study." International Journal of Higher Education 7, no. 3 (April 24, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n3p16.
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Italy, a country with a great cultural tradition and a founding member of the European Union (EU), since 2004 very actively contributes to the cultural cooperation activities of EU with non European countries. This paper is a detailed review of the status of those activities, which can be subdivided into joint ‘Master Mundus’ Actions and bilateral teaching and research cooperation agreements established between Italian and Chinese higher education institutions. The University of Padova (UP) has been adopted as a relevant a case study, with teaching and research cooperations spanning from the S&T to Medicine, Law and Humanities. The results obtained so far are promising.
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Pratama, Darley Alfian, and Rizki Rahmadini Nurika. "The Impact of Indonesia-Bangladesh Railway Cooperation on the Establishment of Bilateral Preferential Trade Agreements." WIMAYA 1, no. 02 (December 11, 2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/wimaya.v1i02.28.
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This research discusses the railway cooperation between Indonesia and Bangladesh which is motivated by the interest of Bangladesh to revitalize railways and increase the domestic demand for railways. This research aims to find out why the Indonesia-Bangladesh cooperation in the railway sector has a significant impact on the formation of the Indonesia Bangladesh Preferential Trade Agreement (IB-PTA) in 2018. This research using interview and literature study methods. The theory used in this research is the theory of interdependence and economic integration. The conclusion of this research is that the Indonesia-Bangladesh railroad cooperation has a significant impact, causing a sense of mutual dependence. The two countries finally agreed to form economic integration in the form of PTA in order to improve the economies of each country.
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Pinkert, Dean. "The Concept of Specificity in US Steel Bilateral Consensus Agreements." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058129ar.
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In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law. This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection. The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
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TSUBOI, Hiroshi, and Keiji KANDA. "Bilateral Nuclear Cooperation Agreements and Flag Control on Nuclear Material and Other Materials." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 43, no. 8 (2001): 806–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.43.806.
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Sen, Rahul, and Sadhana Srivastava. "ASEAN’s Bilateral Preferential Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreements — Implications for Asian Economic Integration." ASEAN Economic Bulletin 26, no. 2 (2009): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae26-2e.
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M.Pashayev, Fikrat. "Economic cooperation between Azerbaijan and Italy." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 1 (April 2014): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.17.1.50.
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Since restoration of its independence in 1991 Azerbaijan has paid particular attention to development of its political and economic ties with developed market economies. One of the countries which became strategic partner for Azerbaijan is Italy. During recent years Italy and Azerbaijan have signed a number of bilateral documents related to development of economic relations thus creating solid legislative basis for bilateral cooperation. Italy and Azerbaijan made remarkable achievements in developing bilateral cooperation in oil and gas sector, including oil and gas refinery and transportation. Cooperation in this area will definitely continue due to the strategic locations both Italy and Azerbaijan. On the other hand, Italian companies can be also actively involved in development of non-oil sector of economy of Azerbaijan. Forms of cooperation may include 100% FDI, joint ventures, sub-contracting, license agreements, franchising. Cooperation on equity and non-equity basis taking into consideration experience of Italy in developing of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) could be right direction for expansion of bilateral economic relations. Cooperation with such economically advanced country as Italy would help Azerbaijan to increase further its competitiveness. Besides technical assistance, cooperation with developed market economies will allow Azerbaijan to attract more FDI, portfolio investment, technology and know-how and gradually increase competiveness of its economy.
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Izarova, Iryna. "Strengthening Judicial Cooperation in Civil Matters Between the EU and Neighboring Countries: The Example of Ukraine and the Baltic States." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2019-0014.
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Abstract Judicial cooperation between EU Member-States and Ukraine is still at a basic level. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement does not prove an appropriate approach, and their relations are regulated mostly with the bilateral agreements. The Baltic states and Ukraine, which are the focus of this research, are deeply engaged by their close geographical location, common historical issues and friendly relations, and seek further development of their relations. This should be accompanied by mutual judiciary trust and therefore by the corresponding evolution of bilateral relations proper to this trust. The following types of judicial cooperation in civil matters were chosen as objects of this research: recognition of Baltic States’ courts’ judgments in Ukraine, as well as service of documents and taking of evidence in Ukraine. The conclusions consist of several proposals related to deeper judicial cooperation between Member-States and third countries, illustrated by the example of the Baltic States and Ukraine, in light of the right to fair trial and mutual trust in the judiciary.
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Den, A. "http://izvestiapolit.isu.ru/en/article?id=1853." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 34 (2020): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2020.34.106.
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The paper is concerned with the cooperation of Russia and The Republic of Korea in education area, particularly education on Korean language and culture. It presents the analysis of the treaty and legal basis of bilateral cooperation in education. The author identified the factors contributing to promotion of the Korean language in Russia. Special attention has been given to cooperation agreements between Russian Federation and The Republic of Korea in culture and education.
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Budarina, Natal'ya, and Ilyas Ibragimov. "Current directions and areas of cooperation between Russia and Turkey." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-1-86-90.
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The research of the scientific article is devoted to topical areas of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Turkey. Problems were identified both in the implementation of mutual trade between the two countries and in the implementation of bilateral agreements. The main directions for increasing trade turnover and creating a favorable investment climate are identified. The volume of trade turnover is considered in the foreign trade statistics for the results of 2019 and the first half of 2020. The role of agreements signed at the level of heads of organizations and departments of the two countries that ensure the implementation of economic policy is revealed.
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Valeeva, R. A. "Development of Сooperation Between Kyrgyzstan and the European Union at the Present Stage." Post-Soviet Issues 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-3-288-296.
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After the collapse of the USSR, the West received favorable conditions for promoting its geopolitical interests. Accordingly, the European Union began to establish relations with the countries of Central Asia. The EU policy in Central Asia in the early 90s of the twentieth century is characterized by the fact that Brussels concentrated its efforts on the allocation of economic assistance, the promotion of democracy and market relations. The EU policy in the Central Asian republics was based on cooperation and partnership Agreements signed with the leadership of the countries of the region. These agreements were intended to formalize the political and economic relations of the countries of the region with the EU. The role of the Central Asian countries in EU foreign policy was more clearly defined after the adoption of the European Union Strategy for Central Asia in 2007. The European Union has taken a number of steps to strengthen its position in the region. Several formats of bilateral and regional cooperation have been created, and EU representative offices have been opened in the countries of the region.Over the past decade, the European Union has significantly intensified its foreign policy in Central Asia. It expanded diplomatic ties and successfully implemented mechanisms for developing cooperation with Central Asia. In particular, it has expanded its presence in the region, successfully launching several of its strategic programs in various areas of cooperation.In 2019, the European Union adopted a new Strategy for Central Asia. This is the first radical revision of the document adopted in 2007. This indicates a desire to update the base of interac tion and to build relations with the countries of the region in a new way. The European Union pays special attention to such areas of cooperation as energy issues, global security problems and joint struggle against the threats of terrorism, Islamic fundamentalism and radical extremism, transport and infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to the prospects and problems of the EU’s interaction with the Kyrgyz Republic, which cover various aspects: political, economic, social, trade, cultural. On 19 November 2017, the European Union and the Kyrgyz Republic began negotiations to update the existing bilateral agreement, which is intended to replace the partnership and cooperation Agreement. After the completion of the negotiations, a new agreement on expanded partnership and cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the European Union was initialed on July 6, 2019. It includes new areas of cooperation and significantly improves the regulatory framework for trade and economic relations in accordance with WTO rules and regional economic agreements. The new agreement provides for cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the EU in areas such as: policy and reform, enhanced cooperation in foreign policy and security issues, in the areas of justice, security and freedoms, as well as in trade.
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CRISTIAN, Alexandru. "US-ROMANIAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE." STRATEGIES XXI - National Defence College 1, no. 72 (July 15, 2021): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-5094-21-27.
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Based on 140 years of diplomatic relations made permanent and on almost 180 years of trade agreements, the US-Romanian relations evolved depending on the historicalcircumstances. Relations have grown stronger and more complex, to become permanent and eventually instrumentalized. The emergence of new diplomatic cooperation tools meant the professionalization and institutionalization of US-Romanian bilateral relations. July 11, 1997 – the launching date of the Strategic Partnership – is a historical turning point in the relations of the two countries, which has been beneficial for both stakeholders.Keywords: Strategic Partnership; United States of America; Romania; bilateral relations; pillars; trust; loyalty; cooperation.
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Shapkin, M. N. "Military and Political Integration of Russia and Kazakhstan as a Factor of Strengthening Bilateral Cooperation." RUDN Journal of Political Science, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-3-19-28.
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The article deals with the modern stage of military and political relations between Russia and Kazakhstan. The role of Organization of the Collective Security Treaty and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the fight against international terrorism is emphasized in the article. The article contains a profound analysis of main agreements between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan and therefore defines areas of bilateral cooperation. It is concluded that the main areas of cooperation are the fight against international terrorism, strengthening of military capabilities, and the joint exploration of outer space.
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Smyrnova, K. V., and A. V. Gandziura. "THE ROLE OF “SOFT LAW” IN RELATIONS OF STRATEGIC COOPERATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND PRC: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ANALYSIS." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 138 (2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2018.138.0.106-113.
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The article deals with peculiarities of the soft law functioning in regulation principles formation of bilateral strategic cooperation between Ukraine and China. The weight and influence of the “soft law” provisions in the context of the legal and regulatory framework of bilateral relations between the countries have been summed up. A deep and profound analytical assessment of various bilateral agreements has been done. Different types of legal norms are being characterized from the point of their legal obligation and the advantages and disadvantages of their application in the agreements in view of current world trends. The survey shows that serving as a regulator of relations, “soft law” may entail certain legal consequences. First of all, it can be the basis for a document that is legally binding source of law, in addition, the rules of “soft law” are able to independently regulate social relations, complementing the official source of law or filling its gaps.
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Choer Moraes, Henrique, and Felipe Hees. "Breaking the BIT Mold: Brazil's Pioneering Approach to Investment Agreements." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.59.
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Brazil only recently joined the collection of states that have adopted international investment agreements (IIAs), but in doing so it developed a noteworthy approach in the form of the Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreement (CFIA). In this essay, we explore the characteristics and merits of this particular treaty model, making three points: First, the CFIA exhibits unique features that set it apart from traditional bilateral investment treaties (BITs), including the state-to-state management of investment relations and an emphasis on investment facilitation rather than investment protection. Second, the CFIA displays a degree of “interoperability” that has made it possible for Brazilian partners to sign these agreements while simultaneously holding BIT portfolios, despite significant differences between the two approaches. Finally, one of the CFIA's key features—that of investment facilitation—is a promising basis for reform in multilateral settings such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). In short, we believe that the CFIA offers an innovative and attractive option for states looking to supplement or revise traditional BITs, both bilaterally and multilaterally.
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Porcile, Gabriel. "The Challenge of Cooperation: Argentina and Brazil, 1939–1955." Journal of Latin American Studies 27, no. 1 (February 1995): 129–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00010191.
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AbstractThis article analyses the variables shaping economic relations between Argentina and Brazil in the 1939–5 5 period, namely changes in the international economy, bilateral trade, the industrial structure and domestic politics. It is argued that although rivalry prevailed in most of the period this was qualified by the interest of Argentina and Brazil in securing the gains from trade and in enhancing their position in the international system. The balance of these contending forces was a pattern of limited or restrained cooperation. If significant trade concessions were offered, their institutional framework remained unstable and fragile. This was reflected in the uncertainty that plagued bilateral trade and in the failure of more ambitious initiatives aimed at economic integration, as those proposed in the Pinedo Plan and in the economic union agreements of 1953–54.
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Zaikivskyi, Oleksandr, and Oleksandr Onistrat. "Issues of the protection of intellectual property in process euro-atlantic integration." Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/22021.236547.
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Key words: Euro-Atlantic integration, intellectual property, objects of intellectualproperty rights, infringement of intellectual property rights, scientific and technical cooperation,military-technical cooperation
Some issues concerning the protection of intellectualproperty in the process of Euro-Atlantic integration are considered, in particularthe peculiarities of the protection of intellectual property in the implementation of internationalcooperation of Ukraine and the protection of national interests in theprocess of this cooperation. The legislation of Ukraine regulating activities related tointernational scientific and technical and military-technical cooperation is analysed.The importance of intellectual property protection at all stages of international cooperationof Ukraine and the need to improve the legislation on the regulation of intellectualproperty protection in the process of this cooperation is determined. It is suggested totake a number of measures to address issues related to the protection of intellectualproperty in the process of international cooperation of Ukraine and the protection of nationalinterests regarding the use of intellectual property rights in the process of thiscooperation.The protection of intellectual property in international cooperation should be ensuredprimarily by bilateral agreements on this issue, which should be concluded at thebeginning of cooperation in any field, as well as agreements on the protection of classifiedinformation. These agreements should define the basic principles for concludingagreements (contracts) and be aimed at mutual protection of information, prevention ofinfringement of the rights for the results of intellectual activity when using them in thecourse of cooperation.To deal with this issue, it is necessary to systematically and comprehensively approachthe improvement of legislation on intellectual property in the defence sector, especially on the protection of national interests in the implementation of cooperation inthe process of Euro-Atlantic integration. It is necessary to clearly define in the legislationthe obligations of all subjects to ensure the protection of intellectual property at allstages of cooperation, as well as expanding the list of violations and responsibility fortheir implementation, especially for actions that threaten infringement of intellectualproperty rights measures to ensure the protection of intellectual property rights.
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Lucky, I. U. "Production of Rice in Nigeria: The Role of Indian-Nigerian Bilateral Cooperation in Food Security." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-3-72-.
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The article focuses on the impact of India-Nigeria agricultural cooperation on rice production in Nigeria. Since 2000 in the quest for food sufficiency, diversification of the country’s sources of foreign exchange, increasing employment for the rising population as well as expanding its external relations Nigeria has signed several bilateral agreements on agriculture with India. The analysis of the developments in the sub-sector, as well as media, governmental and non-governmental reports in the field and the interviews of the farmers has revealed that the Indian firms, including “Olam Group” and “Popular Farms and Mills Ltd”, have cultivated thousands of hectares of land, built mills and machinery, provided farmers in 16 Nigerian states with better rice seedlings, and engaged thousands of farmers in regular training improving employment and revitalizing communities in the country. The support given by the Indian firms has triggered an unprecedented increase in rice production. The paper concludes that the agreements, particularly the one of 2017, have further promoted, strengthened and expanded rice production in the context of food security, job creation and saving foreign exchange. The article, therefore, demonstrates how Nigeria-India bilateral ties and cooperative programs have changed the dynamics of rice production in the country and brought more profound economic consequences. Despite the fact that Nigeria is not yet selfsufficient in rice production with the gap of around 2.5 million tonnes, the agricultural programs initiated within the framework of the Nigeria-India bilateral agreements and realized as large-scale agriculture programmes including investments, training, supply of better seedlings, land cultivation promoted by powerful corporations have significantly changed the economic and social environment in Nigeria.
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Lucky, I. U. "Production of Rice in Nigeria: The Role of Indian-Nigerian Bilateral Cooperation in Food Security." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-3-72-138-150.
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The article focuses on the impact of India-Nigeria agricultural cooperation on rice production in Nigeria. Since 2000 in the quest for food sufficiency, diversification of the country’s sources of foreign exchange, increasing employment for the rising population as well as expanding its external relations Nigeria has signed several bilateral agreements on agriculture with India. The analysis of the developments in the sub-sector, as well as media, governmental and non-governmental reports in the field and the interviews of the farmers has revealed that the Indian firms, including “Olam Group” and “Popular Farms and Mills Ltd”, have cultivated thousands of hectares of land, built mills and machinery, provided farmers in 16 Nigerian states with better rice seedlings, and engaged thousands of farmers in regular training improving employment and revitalizing communities in the country. The support given by the Indian firms has triggered an unprecedented increase in rice production. The paper concludes that the agreements, particularly the one of 2017, have further promoted, strengthened and expanded rice production in the context of food security, job creation and saving foreign exchange. The article, therefore, demonstrates how Nigeria-India bilateral ties and cooperative programs have changed the dynamics of rice production in the country and brought more profound economic consequences. Despite the fact that Nigeria is not yet selfsufficient in rice production with the gap of around 2.5 million tonnes, the agricultural programs initiated within the framework of the Nigeria-India bilateral agreements and realized as large-scale agriculture programmes including investments, training, supply of better seedlings, land cultivation promoted by powerful corporations have significantly changed the economic and social environment in Nigeria.
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Burlak, A. A. "RusAccreditation and International Recognition of the National Accreditation System." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 8 (September 5, 2018): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-8-70-74.
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The activities of the Federal Accreditation Service including cooperation with international accreditation institutions, i.e., International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) and the Asia-Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC) are reviewed. Issues regarding implementation of the system of good laboratory practice in the context of cooperation between Russia, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and Slovak National Accreditation Service are considered. Information about mutual recognition agreements and bilateral arrangements of the Federal Service for Accreditation and national accreditation bodies of the foreign countries are discussed along with the results of the activities of RusAccreditation during the 1st quarter of 2018 and goals for the near future.
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Richter, Eva L. "Economic Development through Migration: Facilitating Skilled Migration to China through the Belt and Road Initiative." Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxaa021.
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Abstract Strengthening people-to-people ties is part of the Belt and Road Initiative’s (BRI) cooperation priorities and is to be realized, among others, through student and academic exchanges, research cooperation, joint vocational training, and tourism. Through national legislation and efforts in bilateral and multilateral cooperation on student, academic, and personnel mobility, China occupies a key role in shaping the way migration develops along the BRI. The findings suggest that new skilled migration legislation in China, geared towards foreigners with tertiary education, paired with BRI cooperation efforts and visa facilitation, is opening comparatively more opportunities for skilled nationals of BRI countries. BRI nationals are more often exempt from visas and have access to targeted talent attraction and retention programs. Nevertheless, up to now, these efforts have been mainly undertaken by the Chinese government, and skilled BRI nationals are not being encouraged to migrate to China under the bilateral employment agreements.
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Sokolova, N. A. "International Scientific and Technological Cooperation for Environmental Protection." Lex Russica, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.166.9.131-142.
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The paper deals with issues of international scientific and technological cooperation for environmental protection. The legal platform for cooperation in the field of science and technology (STC) between states is an international treaty. At the same time, the search for an optimal model of international STC requires considering the features of scientific and technological development at the present stage. The development of an international STC for environmental protection is linked to the task of finding the most promising and convenient forms of such cooperation. Along with international agreements on global scientific projects, STC for environmental protection is actively developing at the bilateral level. The paper defines the features of bilateral agreements and memoranda of understanding in the development of scientific and technological cooperation for environmental protection. STC issues for optimal implementation of international environmental obligations are considered. Serious natural disasters present challenges when it is necessary to understand the scientific basis of decisions made by different countries and to improve the exchange of data and information. This determines the direction and activity of STC in relation to the prevention and overcoming of the consequences of environmental emergencies, which is emphasized in the paper. While STC between developed and developing countries has traditionally taken the form of technical assistance, there are now new motivations and opportunities to support scientific cooperation for development and research capacity-building, especially for developing countries in the sense of focusing on real partnership. STC for environmental protection between developed and developing countries is analyzed. In conclusion, a summary of the prospects for STC for environmental protection is presented.
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Saayman, Andrea, Paolo Figini, and Silvio Cassella. "The influence of formal trade agreements and informal economic cooperation on international tourism flows." Tourism Economics 22, no. 6 (December 2016): 1274–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816616672600.
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This article aims to contribute to the literature on the effects of trade bloc formation and plurilateral economic cooperation on international tourism flows. This research expands previous findings in the number of countries (58) and types of agreements (formal and informal, global and regional) under investigation in order to (i) capture the effect of both formal trade agreements and plurilateral economic integration on bilateral tourism flows; (ii) test the robustness of previous findings through the use of alternative econometric specifications, estimation techniques and measurement of tourism flows. In this respect, an important feature of this research is the introduction of ‘total tourism’, corresponding to the ‘total trade’ variable in trade studies, as an alternative dependent variable in the specification of the gravity model used throughout the article.
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Drzymała, Agnieszka. "Economic Cooperation Between The European Union And Japan." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0016.
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The aim of the paper is to show the history of economic relations between the European Union and Japan. This economy is very important to the EU and the countries of the EU are interested in further deepening areas of cooperation. Therefore it seems important to indicate the political will to continue mutual economic relations through the signing of contracts and bilateral agreements, as well as meetings at various levels, including SPA and EPA negotiations and summits. The course of the current economic cooperation will be shown through trade volume and foreign direct investment outflows from the European Union to Japan.
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Efendiyeva, A. F. "AZERBAIJANI-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF ART IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 143 (2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2020.143.1.25-33.
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The article discusses the features of the strategy for the dynamic development of relations in the field of art of Azerbaijan and Ukraine. The successes of cooperation in the field of art, the further development of bilateral humanitarian ties, which served as a vivid example of strategic partnership between the republics in the new century, are noted. Bilateral and multilateral events are currently under way. States are trying to demonstrate the ideas of "equality" and "brotherhood" among themselves. Cultural ties between Ukraine and Azerbaijan are being carried out. Cultural ties with the two countries are subordinated primarily to political goals. It should be noted that historically, the Azerbaijani people have had extensive international relations. The rich culture of the Azerbaijani people also attracted various states. The effective development of Ukrainian-Azerbaijani cultural ties in the modern period is a clear demonstration of the construction of the foreign policy of both states in accordance with the requirements of the time. Monitoring the development of humanitarian relations in this aspect has a certain political science relevance. A humanitarian policy in the context of bilateral cooperation of states in the context of globalization requires constant updating of the form and content of relations in this area of international relations. Therefore, both in Azerbaijan and Ukraine, new short-term and long-term projects are constantly being developed, agreements and cooperation agreements are concluded for the further development of relations between the two countries in various fields of the humanitarian sphere.
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Zuev, Vladimir, Elena Ostrovskaya, and Ekaterina Vasilyeva. "The Trade Service Agreement Between Vietnam and the EAEU and the Formation of Negotiation Strategies on New Agreements in the Service Sector: The First Results." International Organisations Research Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-09.
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n the last decades, the importance of trade in services in global trade flows has grown from strength to strength. This trend has stimulated the proliferation of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements aimed at ensuring equal and fair access for service providers to foreign markets. The states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) are no exceptions to this global trend and strive to ensure free trade in services with foreign partners as a part of trade policies. This article analyzes theoretical and practical aspects of implementing the provisions on trade in services of the free trade agreement (FTA) between the EAEU and Vietnam, specifically applied to Russia and Vietnam. The results of the agreement’s implementation are instrumental in formulating the main contributions of the strategy that will increase the efficiency of future agreements on trade in services between the EAEU and foreign partners. The following strategy has already been applied to the example of service sector cooperation between Russia and Singapore. The emphasis of the study is quite universal, and the contributions of the strategy are applicable to other regional associations.
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Becerril-Torres, Osvaldo U., and Gabriela Munguía-Vazquez. "The effect of economic globalization on the convergence in efficiency of the countries in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership: 2020 Prospective." Acta Universitaria 29 (October 30, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.2300.
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With the new paradigm of the United States signing bilateral commercial agreements, and with the premise of America First, its withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific-Partnership brought about the modification of the agreement by the other economies that have signed it in order to configure the Comprehensive-and-Progressive-Agreement-for-Trans-Pacific-Partnership with the intention of maintaining it without the US. Because of this, the objective of this research is to analyze the effect of the agreement ratification on the technical efficiency and convergence in efficiency of these economies. For this, an efficiency indicator was obtained through the methodology of a stochastic frontier analysis. Among the main findings was that, with cooperation, the efficiency of the economies improves, and it also encourages convergence in the use of production factors. Furthermore, it was identified that, on average, the economies could grow an additional 1.5% for the year 2020, due to the cooperation generated by the agreement.
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Kalinichenko, P. A. "Application of the EU Law in Russian Courts in the Conditions of the Selective Interaction between Russia and the EU." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.110.1.142-150.
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Political relations between Russia and the European Union have changed significantly since 2014. On the one hand, the new political realities are making the current situation in relations, even legally, not as cloudless and full of hope as it was 25 years ago when the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between Russia and the EU was signed. On the other hand, bilateral agreements between Russia and the EU continue to operate and be applied by the parties in the new conditions of selective interaction between Russia and the EU.The paper is devoted to the transformation of the fundamentals of legal regulation of relations between Russia and the EU in the context of new political relations, characterized by the formula of "selective interaction" as well as the ongoing Europeanization of Russian judicial practice. The paper discusses the existing bilateral agreements between Russia and the EU, analyzes Russian jurisprudence related to the application of EU law and the use of the precedents of the EU Court. The article also focuses on the Europeanization of the practice of the EAEU Court.
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Simić, Milica, Antoaneta Vassileva, and Anđelka Aničić. "Economic aspects of the integration processes of the Republic of Serbia." Oditor 7, no. 2 (2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor2102083s.
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Exchange of goods and services is the most important domain of economic cooperation between the Republic of Serbia with the world and is crucial for faster growth of gross domestic product (and thus expected economic growth rates and faster social development and rising living standards) in the coming period. Due to this, paper analyses the degree of involvement of the Republic of Serbia in total world exports, its most important foreign trade partners, the degree of openness of the economy and the share of exports in gross domestic product, analyzing the period from 2008 to 2017. The aim of this paper is to study specific relations between the Republic of Serbia and its most important foreign trade partners and their interdependence with the integration processes through multilateral and bilateral cooperation with the European Union, Eurasian Economic Union, World Trade Organization and Central European Free Trade Agreement. Based on the updated statistical research and analysis of the content of the basic determinants of bilateral agreements, recommendations were given for the future development of integration processes within the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Kuprijanova, Jekaterina, Juris Livdāns, and Iluta Arbidāne. "PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE STATE BORDER GUARD OF LATVIA AND FEDERAL SECURITY SERVICE BORDER GUARD SERVICE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION." BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 1, no. 6 (May 10, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/bsm.v1i6.1698.
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One of the main State Border Guard priorities is to maintain and develop the state border guarding system, according to the European Union external borders requirements, by fulfilling the conditions of the Schengen acquis. Schengen acquis provides that international cooperation in the field of border security can have multilateral, bilateral and local dimensions. In this context, an agreements concluded with bordering countries on cooperation in the field of border management is an effective tool to strengthen border security (EU Schengen Catalogue, 2002). In research as methodology are used scientific literature in the field of international law, treaties and agreements, the law of the Republic of Latvia, the State border guard of the internal regulations and the State border guard of unpublished materials. The Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation cooperate in the field of development and implementation of coherent measures for the border control. Cooperation with RF is executed based on treaties and agreements concluded, as well, maintaining contacts between competent representatives of both countries at various management levels. The extensive cooperation between neighbouring countries on maintenance of security at the border results in the elucidation of the incidents occurring at the state border and other relevant issues, at the same time providing stability and security at the common border.
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Lee, Seokwoo. "Experiences in Dealing with Maritime Disputes." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340071.
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Maritime disputes in the Northeast Asia region are nothing new. The Exclusive Economic Zone (eez) regime under the u.n. Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) spurred many coastal states, including these countries, to declare eezs. This has led Korea to conclude bilateral fishery agreements with Japan and China, with the goals of achieving sustainable fishery management in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and the Yellow Sea, and peacefully cooperating with these countries in sharing fishery resources in the region. While not without shortcomings, the agreements provide important procedures for cooperation in fisheries management and sustaining fishery resources. In addition to competition over fishery resources, Korea and Japan agreed to establish a Joint Development Zone (jdz) in 1974. Although the Korea-Japan jdz, however, has not produced oil so far, it nevertheless serves as a model for maritime dispute resolution.
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Ivanova, Petja. "Cross-border regulation and fintech: are transnational cooperation agreements the right way to go?" Uniform Law Review 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unz021.
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Abstract In light of inevitable cross-border scenarios in today’s highly interconnected financial markets and since financial stability may be put at risk by the rising phenomenon of financial technology (known as fintech), the importance of developing effective ways to regulate fintech across borders cannot be neglected. The financial sector has changed from a traditional one marked by conventional financial intermediation structures towards an increasingly technology-affected one. Not only this change but anticipated developments too require if not extensively reconsidering the design of financial regulation,1 then at least not turning a blind eye to shaping developments. Whether the numerous recently sprouting bilateral fintech cooperation agreements are adequate transnational regulatory instruments to address fintech effectively across borders is for this paper to elucidate.