Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bilateral cooperation agreements

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bilateral cooperation agreements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bilateral cooperation agreements"

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KINNE, BRANDON J. "Network Dynamics and the Evolution of International Cooperation." American Political Science Review 107, no. 4 (October 8, 2013): 766–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055413000440.

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Cooperation helps states realize mutual gains, but mistrust and disagreements over institutional design inhibit cooperation. This article develops a network explanation for how states achieve cooperation in the face of persistent coordination and collaboration problems. The analysis focuses on bilateral cooperation agreements, a vast body of treaties spanning multiple issue areas. Bilateral agreements constitute an evolving network of cooperative ties. This network defines the strategic environment in which states bargain over new agreements, endogenously influencing subsequent bilateral endeavors by revealing strategically valuable information about states’ trustworthiness and preferences over institutional design, while also generating externalities that incentivize bilateral partnerships. Inferential network analysis shows that states are more likely to create bilateral agreements if they (1) share agreements with common third parties, (2) accede to more agreements in general, and/or (3) share important exogenous characteristics with current bilateral partners. These network dynamics drive bilateral cooperation in everything from commodities to cultural exchange to fisheries.
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Cross, Eugene D. "International Cooperation in Competition Law Enforcement." Leiden Journal of International Law 5, no. 1 (February 1992): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500002028.

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On September 23,1991, an agreement was signed by the Commission of the European Communities and the United States government to promote cooperation and coordination of theircompetition law enforcement efforts. This is the fourth such bilateral agreement to which the United States is a party, and the first for the Commission. Previous US agreements are in force with Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Australia.
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Maggi, Giovanni. "The Role of Multilateral Institutions in International Trade Cooperation." American Economic Review 89, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.1.190.

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The World Trade Organization (WTO) lacks the power to directly enforce agreements. It is therefore important to understand what role the WTO can play to facilitate international cooperation, and whether a multilateral institution can offer distinct advantages over a web of bilateral agreements. This paper examines two potential benefits of a multilateral trade institution: first, verifying violations of the agreements and informing third parties, thus facilitating multilateral reputation mechanisms; second, promoting multilateral trade negotiations rather than a web of bilateral negotiations. The model suggests that a multilateral approach is particularly important when there are strong imbalances in bilateral trading relationships. (JEL F13)
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Przeworski, Adam, and James Raymond Vreeland. "A Statistical Model of Bilateral Cooperation." Political Analysis 10, no. 2 (2002): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/10.2.101.

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In most situations of bilateral cooperation we can observe only whether or not potential partners actually cooperate. Yet we often want to know what factors lead the actors to enter into and continue cooperation. The model we develop—a dynamic version of bivariate probit with partial observability—permits one to estimate the probabilities that either of two parties would want to cooperate and to identify the factors that affect these probabilities. As an illustration, we focus on agreements between national governments and the International Monetary Fund. The model should have a wide applicability.
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Verma, Renu, and Jaidev Dubey. "What Does Gravity Model Reveal About SAFTA?" Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i3.60.

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During last decade, the stalemate in multilateral trade negotiations under the framework of World Trade Organization (WTO) regime has provided impetus to the signing of regional trade agreements world over .South Asia is not an exception to this trend and has been involved in setting up its own bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). Most commonly cited cooperation agreements are Agreement on Trade and Commerce between India and Bhutan(1972), India-Nepal Bilateral Trade and Transit Treaties(1991), India–Sri Lanka Bilateral Free Trade Area(1998) Bangkok Agreement (1975), Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation (BIMST-EC-2004) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association of Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC-1997). One of the most significant steps towards regional economic cooperation in the history of South Asian countries, was taken with signing of The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) formed in 1985 with the objective of exploiting “accelerated economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region” for the welfare of the peoples of South Asia. And then seven South Asian countries—Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—initiated a framework for region-wide integration under the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) in 1995. In order to further cement the regional economic relations and overcome some impediments of SAPTA, the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed in early 2004, which came into force on 1st July 2006. The SAFTA is a parallel initiative to the multilateral trade liberalization commitments of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries. SAFTA aims to reduce tariffs for intraregional trade among the seven SAARC member countries. It has been agreed that for the South Asian countries, Pakistan and India will eliminate all tariffs by 2012, Sri Lanka by 2013 and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal by 2015. The current paper is an attempt in assessing the potential trade in the region with latest dataset with Gravity model approach.
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Донцов, Павел, and Pavel Dontsov. "IMPLEMENTATION OF BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CANADA." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 4 (October 29, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14276.

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International agreements concluded during various historical periods between Canada and the European Union, European communities, as well as acts of domestic law of Canada adopted for the implementation of relevant rules of the international law, are the subject of this research. The aim of the study was to define models for the implementation of bilateral agreements between Canada and the European Union, the forms of their implementation in domestic law, and classification of existing and void agreements. The methodology used in the study includes formal juridical and legal, historical research methods, and the method of comparative law analysis. The author draws the conclusion that Canada concluded bilateral agreements at all stages of the European integration development since the 1959 Treaty between the Government of Canada and the European atomic energy community on cooperation in the peaceful uses of atomic energy and treaties between Canada and the European Economic Community about common and high-quality wheat, concluded in 1962. Currently, there are about 40 bilateral agreements between Canada and the EU (Communities), mainly in the sphere of economic, customs and scientific cooperation, carried out by Canada through “indirect implementation”.
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Barabashev, A. G., and D. V. Ponomareva. "Legal Regulation of Cooperation between the Russian Federation and the United States of America in Science and Technology." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 7 (August 25, 2019): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.104.7.115-122.

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The paper is a review of the regulatory framework of the Russian-American cooperation in science and technology. The authors analyse the interstate and intergovernmental agreements concluded by Russia and the United States in this field (1992 Agreement between the Russian Federation and the United States of America on Cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, 1993 Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the United States of America, 2013 Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation On cooperartion in nuclear- and energy-related scientific research and development). The paper highlights the key problems of legal regulation and provides specific examples of the implementation of the provisions of bilateral agreements, in particular, joint Russian-American projects in the area of space, scientific, technological and educational cooperation (the program «Soyuz-Apollon», international project «International Space Station», the Russian Academy of Sciences and the US scientific institutions cooperation agreements). In conclusion, an attempt is made to identify the main trends in the development of the legal framework for cooperation between Russia and the United States in the scientific and technological field.
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Zhao, Yun. "The Role of bilateral and multilateral agreements in international space cooperation." Space Policy 36 (May 2016): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2016.02.007.

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Fuhrmann, Matthew. "Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements." International Security 34, no. 1 (July 2009): 7–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2009.34.1.7.

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Peaceful nuclear cooperation—the transfer of nuclear technology, materials, or know-how from one state to another for peaceful purposes—leads to the spread of nuclear weapons. In particular, countries that receive peaceful nuclear assistance are more likely to initiate weapons programs and successfully develop the bomb, especially when they are also faced with security threats. Statistical analysis based on a new data set of more than 2,000 bilateral civilian nuclear cooperation agreements signed from 1950 to 2000 lends strong support for this argument. Brief case studies of the Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons programs provide further evidence of the links between peaceful nuclear assistance and proliferation. The finding that supplier countries inadvertently raise the risks of nuclear proliferation poses challenges to the conventional wisdom. Indeed, the relationship between civilian nuclear cooperation and proliferation is surprisingly broad. Even assistance that is often viewed as innocuous, such as training nuclear scientists or providing research or power reactors, increases the likelihood that nuclear weapons will spread. “Proliferation-proof” nuclear assistance does not exist. With a renaissance in nuclear power on the horizon, major suppliers, including the United States, should reconsider their willingness to assist other countries in developing peaceful nuclear programs.
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Vidigal, Geraldo, and Beatriz Stevens. "Brazil’s New Model of Dispute Settlement for Investment: Return to the Past or Alternative for the Future?" Journal of World Investment & Trade 19, no. 3 (May 3, 2018): 475–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340100.

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Abstract This article assesses the contribution of Brazil’s new bilateral treaties on investment, labelled Cooperation and Investment Facilitation Agreements (CIFAs), to the international legal framework for transnational investment. With its CIFAs, nine of which were concluded since 2015, Brazil offers an innovative model of International Investment Agreement (IIA) which does not contain investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). Instead, CIFAs establish a system that combines dispute prevention mechanisms, creating institutions to ensure continued communication and foster cooperation, and state-to-state arbitration (inspired by dispute settlement provisions common in trade agreements and codified in the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Understanding). Like recent initiatives put forward by India and the European Union, CIFAs aim not only to regulate bilateral relations but also to positively influence the current debates relating to the reform of the international investment regime. Whether they will become an alternative to the current ISDS-dominated framework will be determined by practice.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bilateral cooperation agreements"

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Ezrachi, Ariel. "Regulation of cross border mergers and acquisitions : from unilateral to cooperative competition law enforcement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248887.

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Hodgin, Gregory. "United Nations Peacekeeping and Non-State Actors: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Conditions Required for Cooperation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/27.

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This paper attempts to determine the theoretical requirements for a non-state actor to give peacekeepers to a Member state of the United Nations, who would in turn give those peacekeepers to the United Nations. The paper examines two case studies, specifically the contract between Blackwater and the United States Department of State and the SHIRBRIG series of treaties. The paper finds that there is some overlap between a Member state’s needs and a non-state actor’s needs and that there is a theoretical possibility of the donation stated above taking place.
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Teixeira, Joana Nunes. "A economia social como solução para o pós-alta hospitalar da pessoa que recorre ao SNS ao abrigo do acordo de cooperação bilateral para a saúde com os PALOP: proposta de trajectória." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5952.

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Trabalho de Projecto para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Administração Pública
A evacuação de doentes ao abrigo dos acordos bilaterais para saúde, entre Portugal e os PALOP, conduz, em grande parte dos casos, a situações de carência após a alta hospitalar. Este estudo pretende alertar para a disparidade do que é acordado entre as partes e a realidade vivida pelos sujeitos. Propõe-se a sua inclusão num projecto de economia social, que surja na base na potenciação dos recursos locais e fomente, acima de tudo, a redefinição do projecto de vida dos indivíduos, permitindo-lhes a saída da situação de carência, que aqui se apresenta com a dicotomia económica/relacional. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi a história de vida, permitindo enquadrar os testemunhos do sujeito individual no sujeito social. As entrevistas mostraram as dificuldades sentidas por estas pessoas, e pela sua família, ao nível económico e o isolamento social de que padecem em Portugal. Apesar das situações de carência vividas, muitas não pensam regressar ao país de origem, e é nas redes de apoio informal que encontram o suporte económico, cultural e anímico necessário ao dia-a-dia.
The patients evacuation under the bilateral agreements, between Portugal and the PALOP countries, often drives to impoverishment situations after hospital discharge. This work aims to aware for the disparity of the deal between intervenient and the day life experienced by the individuals. A social economy project is suggested, where the subjects can participate, based on the potentiation of the local resources and, above all, gives a new perspective of the life project, allowing to exit from the in needing situation, presented here as the dichotomy economic/relational. The research method is the life history, allowing the self-testimonials to be framed in the social-self. The conducted interviews revealed the difficulty situations experienced by subjects and their families, in terms of, among others, finances and isolation, while leaving in Portugal. Despite those situations, many of them don´t consider the return to their native country, even being the informal social help networks where they found the support, of economic and cultural nature, needed for day life.
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Behunová, Jana. "Austrália a Nový Zéland: ekonomický rozvoj a jeho dopad na vzťahy voči ázijskému Tichomoriu a Európskej únii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81374.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the economic development of Australia and New Zealand at the end of the 1980's and beginning of the 1990's and its impact on both countries' status in the Asia-Pacific region. This study consists of three chapters. The first chapter deals with the undergone microeconomic and macroeconomic reforms at the end of the 1980's and throughout the 1990's and discusses the economic situation before and after the changes. The second chapter analyses the history of and current relations between Australia, New Zealand and countries and regional groups in the Asia-Pacific region (China, Japan, South Korea, APEC, ASEAN and EAS). The chapter also pays close attention to areas that have the potential to strengthen relations and cooperation in the future. The third chapter analyses Australia's and New Zealand's relationship with the European Union and investigates possibilities of strengthening the European Union's position in the Asia-Pacific region via EU-Australia-New Zealand relations.
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Webber, Marianne Mendes. "Os instrumentos de cooperação jurídica internacional no direito da concorrência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-03022017-162136/.

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O Direito da Concorrência e o Direito Internacional da Concorrência são recentes ramos na história da Ciência Jurídica. A dimensão unilateral do Direito Internacional da Concorrência relaciona-se à aplicação extraterritorial das legislações de defesa da concorrência, o que desencadeia problemas e limitações no plano internacional. Não existe regramento multilateral para a regulação da matéria concorrencial no plano internacional. Na dimensão regional são considerados os acordos regionais (Mercosul, União Europeia e NAFTA). No plano bilateral são encontrados os casos mais concretos de aplicação do Direito Internacional da Concorrência, os quais atualmente relacionam-se a processos de cooperação jurídica internacional. Há um amplo espaço para avanço na regulação da cooperação internacional em sede de atos de concentração multijurisdicionais.
Competition Law and International Competition Law are recently developed branches of the legal sciences. The unilateral dimension of the International Competition Law relates to the extraterritorial enforcement of competition laws, which causes problems and limitations on the international arena. There is a lack of multilateral set of rules for the competition regulation at an international level. The regional agreements shall be considered at regional dimension (Mercosur, European Union and NAFTA). The most concrete cases for the application of the International Competition Law are found at the bilateral level, which are currently related to the international legal cooperation process. There is a wide range for development on the regulation of the international cooperation in relation to the multijurisdictional concentration acts.
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Lezotre, Pierre-Louis. "Coopération internationale et harmonisation de la réglementation pharmaceutique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20013.

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La mondialisation est une réalité du XXIe siècle. Le développement, la fabrication et la distribution des médicaments ont été internationalisés. Cette mondialisation croissante a fondamentalement changé l‟environnement pharmaceutique et induit des nouveaux défis pour tous les acteurs du système. Le paradigme réglementaire est en effet passé du plan national au plan international; les normes pharmaceutiques internationales sont donc plus importantes que jamais auparavant. La coopération et l‟harmonisation de la réglementation pharmaceutique sont devenues la seule solution évidente pour satisfaire le droit fondamental de l‟Homme de pouvoir accéder à des médicaments de bonne qualité, sûrs et efficaces, à la fois dans les pays développés et dans les pays en voie de développement.Dans ce contexte, de nombreuses initiatives de coopération ont été initiées aux niveaux bilatéral, régional et mondial et les efforts d‟harmonisation ont été renforcés. L‟éventail des collaborations va de la simple coopération technique à une intégration pleine et entière des systèmes et des règlementations.Ce document présente la situation actuelle de ce phénomène large et complexe de coopération et d‟harmonisation dans le secteur pharmaceutique (Partie I), il examine de manière exhaustive sa valeur ajoutée, ses paramètres critiques ainsi que ses facteurs d‟influence (Partie II) dans le but de recommander des actions et des mesures destinées à soutenir les prochaines étapes de coopération et d‟harmonisation (Partie III). Toutes ces recommandations supportent la création d‟un système pharmaceutique mondial mieux coordonné. Celui-ci représente l‟alternative la plus réaliste pour atteindre l‟objectif : Etablir une coalition mondiale d’autorités de santé et répondre à une demande exigeant davantage de coopération et d’harmonisation dans le secteur pharmaceutique. Ce système s‟appuie sur les réalisations accomplies jusque-là et utilise comme base les innombrables projets d‟harmonisation et de coopération développés au cours des années. Il présente des avantages pour tous les acteurs du système et fournirait également une valeur ajoutée significative pour la promotion et la protection de la santé publique mondiale
Globalisation is a reality of the 21st century. The development, manufacture and distribution of medicines have been internationalised. This increased globalisation has fundamentally changed the environment for regulating medicines and created unique regulatory challenges for all stakeholders. The regulatory paradigm has indeed changed from national to international and international pharmaceutical norms and standards are more important than ever before. International cooperation and harmonisation of the pharmaceutical regulation has became the only clear choice to meet the fundamental human right to have access to high quality, safe and effective medicines in both developed and developing countries.In this context, many cooperative initiatives have been established at the bilateral, regional and global levels and harmonisation efforts have been enhanced. All these initiatives have taken a variety of forms, from informal cooperation to full integration of regulatory systems.This document provides the current status of this complex and broad phenomenon of cooperation and harmonisation in the pharmaceutical sector (Part I), thoroughly evaluates its added value and its critical parameters and influencing factors (Part II) in order to recommend actions and measures to support the next steps for cooperation and harmonisation (Part III). All these recommendations support the establishment of a better coordinated global pharmaceutical system which represents the best realistic alternative to fulfil the objective to establish a global coalition of regulators and to respond to an increased demand to further cooperation in the pharmaceutical sector. This proposed framework, which leverages all the on-going positive cooperation initiatives and uses as foundations all the numerous harmonisation projects developed over the years, presents advantages for all stakeholders and would definitively have significant added value to the promotion and protection of global public health
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Juhlin, Lagrelius Hannes. "Hur bemöts Kina i Afrika? : En mångdimensionell idealtypsanalys av Sydafrikas, Zambias och Zimbabwes bemötande av Kinas ökande ekonomiska intresse." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44452.

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The outset of this study is to contribute to the literature concerning China’s increasing economic interest to engage in the African context, its economies and resource abundandce. The overarching research problem is that the approaches held by the respective African state entities may facilitate increasing development gains for the recipient state of this economic interest in principle. To adress this research problem the study is undertaken by conducting a comparative case study where three cases/states, with presumably diverging economic and political status, are likely to effect their overall state approaches differently. Research questions, which are addressed by the creation of an idealtype analytic matrix, concern whether the states of South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe take on a more ‘permissive’ or ‘restrictive’ approach towards China’s economic interst and whether the approaches can be looked upon on both aggratege and case/area-specific levels. The main findings are that a clear tendency of the ‘permissive approach’ may be noted on a aggregate level for all cases. Further, the cases’ economic and poltical status does not necessarily effect this aggregate tendency but but rather the dynamics in case-specific areas deemed relevant in this analysis. The desire to grasp the interest seems greater than internal dynamics.
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Kang, Su-Ju. "L'action extérieure de l'Union Européenne en faveur du renforcement du regime des droits de propriété intellectuelle en Chine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G011.

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Malgré l’amélioration du régime des droits de propriété intellectuelle (DPI) en Chine après l’accession de celle-ci à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) en 2001, la question relative aux DPI demeure l’un des « sujets de vive préoccupation » dans le commerce sino-européen. Selon la stratégie européenne visant à assurer le respect des DPI dans les pays tiers, adoptée en 2005 et renouvelée en 2014, la Chine est ciblée par la Commission européenne comme le premier pays tiers dans lequel les autorités locales ne prennent pas de mesure efficace pour s’attaquer aux problèmes de violations des DPI. En raison des enjeux politiques et économiques importants pour l’UE, son intervention est nécessaire pour améliorer le régime des DPI et l’environnement de l’investissement en Chine. L’analyse de l’action extérieure de l’UE s’appuie sur l’étude des instruments auxquels elle recourt en vue de renforcer la protection et le respect des DPI en Chine. L’objet de notre recherche est d’examiner la manière dont l’Union choisit d’exploiter les instruments à géométrie variable au sein des enceintes multilatérale et bilatérale. Deux axes distincts mais complémentaires orientent la mise en œuvre de l’action extérieure de l’UE vis-à-vis de la Chine : l’approche coopérative, d’une part, et de l’approche conventionnelle, d’autre part. L’approche coopérative vise d’abord à rapprocher le régime juridique chinois des standards les plus élevés du droit de l’UE. En dépit d’un certain nombre de difficultés limitant l’efficacité de l’action extérieure de l’UE, la coopération bilatérale avec la Chine permet de contribuer à l’amélioration du régime juridique chinois. La convergence normative devrait ensuite faciliter l’apparition d’une approche commune entre l’UE et la Chine sur le plan conventionnel. Il importe à cet égard de souligner la position divergente de la Chine face à la promotion de l’UE, par la voie conventionnelle, d’un renforcement de la protection et du respect des DPI. Malgré la convergence accrue des positions européenne et chinoise favorables à la protection « ADPIC-plus » des DPI, la Chine se montre réticente voire hostile envers les initiatives conventionnelles de l’UE tendant à renforcer les mesures relatives au respect des DPI
Despite the improvement of China’s intellectual property rights (IPR) regime after this country’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession in 2001, the IPR remains one of “major concerns” in Sino-European trade relation. According to European strategy for the enforcement of intellectual property rights in third countries, adopted in 2005 and renewed in 2014, China is identified by the European Commission as first priority country, in which the local authority does not take effective measures to tackle the problems caused by IPR violations. Taking into account the EU’s important political and economic concerns, his action is necessary in order to improve the IPR regime and the investment environment in China. The analysis of EU’s external action is based on the instruments used to strengthen IPR’s protection and enforcement in China. The purpose of our research is to examine the EU’s method to use the different instruments within the multilateral and bilateral fora. Two distinct but complementary axes orientate the undertaking of EU’s external action vis-à-vis China: cooperative approach, on the one hand, and the conventional approach, on the other hand. Firstly, the cooperative approach aims to bring Chinese legal system closer to higher standards in EU law. In spite of certain difficulties limiting the efficacy of EU external action, the bilateral cooperation with China can contribute to a better legal system in China. Then, the normative convergence should be able to facilitate the emergence of a common approach between the EU and China in the conventional framework. In this respect, it is important to emphasis Chinese divergent position with regard to EU’s conventional approach aiming to strengthen IPR protection and enforcement. Despite the increasing convergence of European and Chinese positions favorable toward “TRIPs-plus” protection, China seems reluctant even hostile to EU’s conventional initiatives intending to strengthen IPR enforcement measures
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Ehrenbeck, Mirelle. "Developments in bilateral air service agreements." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16736.

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This dissertation deals with international transport law and looks at the development of bilateral air service agreements governing international scheduled flights from their inception after the Chicago Conference of 1944 until the present day. The Chicago Conference left a legacy of separation in airline services. Scheduled and nonscheduled flights came into existence and bilateral agreements are needed to regulate international scheduled services. The relationship between the state and its designated airline forms the pivot of the bilateral relationship. However, the aviation relationship between state and airline and between states inter se face challenges as globalisation and development take place in the air transport industry. New methods of cooperation now exist which need to be adapted to suit the needs of individual countries and airlines. South Africa has accepted the challenges of development and undertaken modern methods of cooperation such as code-sharing.
Law
LL.M.
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10

Kabamba, Georges Bukasa. "The importance of bilateral agreements on trade flows: a case of the Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (EU-SA TDCA)." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26799.

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This study analysed the intricacies of trade flows imbibed in the EU-SA TDCA. It assessed the trade creation and trade diversion effects of this bilateral trade agreement – using the top 10 selected commodity exports. This follows the report on the Harmonised System (HS) at the 2-digit codes. A Gravity Model Approach on bilateral trade flows is grounded on panel data models for the period 2000-2017 between South Africa as exporter country and the twenty EU countries (EU-20) as importer country-block out of the twenty-eight countries (EU-28). The study reports that the EU-SA TDCA enhanced significant trade expansion and trade creation effects. Mixed results for GDPs and GDPPKs for both South Africa and the EU countries were reported, but the overall results showed that the bilateral agreement do affect South African commodity exports more negatively, albeit with few positive effects from the EU countries in particular. Besides, ICTSA does have a negative effect on commodity exports, while the South African REER has the positive effect on export models. Lastly, the distance as a proxy of transportation costs negatively affects South Africa’s exports, while common colonial relationship and English as common official language have both a positive effect on exports. The findings imply that trade policies should focus on adequate telecommunication tools, alongside fair trade practices allowing South Africa to integrate with the global market, promote economic growth as well as enhance competitive advantage in most sectoral trades.
Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management (International Business and Finance))
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Books on the topic "Bilateral cooperation agreements"

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India. India, bilateral treaties and agreements. Delhi: Published for Policy Planning and Research Division, Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India, New Delhi, by Siba Exim, 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation. Review of U.S. international aviation policy and bilateral agreements: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 19, 21; May 9, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation. Review of U.S. international aviation policy and bilateral agreements: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 19, 21; May 9, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation. Review of U.S. international aviation policy and bilateral agreements: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 19, 21; May 9, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation. Review of U.S. international aviation policy and bilateral agreements: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 19, 21; May 9, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation. Review of U.S. international aviation policy and bilateral agreements: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 19, 21; May 9, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation. Review of U.S. international aviation policy and bilateral agreements: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 19, 21; May 9, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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The role of bilateral and multilateral arms control agreements in controlling threats from the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: Hearing before the International Security, Proliferation and Federal Services Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first and second session. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Canada, Canada Foreign Affairs. Cooperation : agreement on bilateral cooperation in industrial research and development between the Government of Canada and the Government of the State of Israel, Ottawa, 27 March 2006, in force 31 March 2006 =: Coopération : accord sur la coopération bilatérale en recherche et développement industriels entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement de l'État d'Israël, Ottawa, le 27 mars 2006, en vigueur le 31 mars 2006. Ottawa, Ont: Public Works and Government Services Canada = Travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 2007.

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Canada, Canada Foreign Affairs. Defence : exchange of notes between the government of Canada and the government of the United States of America constituting an agreement to improve bilateral security through enhanced military cooperation with respect to maritime, land and civil support functions, Ottawa, Washington, 5 December 2002, in force 5 December 2002 =: Défense : échange de notes entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement des États-Unis d'Amérique constituant un accord concernant l'amélioration de la sécurité bilatérale par une collaboration militaire accrue en ce qui a trait aux fonctions d'appui maritime, terrestre et civil, Ottawa, Washington, le 5 décembre 2002, en vigueur le 5 décembre 2002. Ottawa, Ont: Public Works and Government Services Canada = Travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bilateral cooperation agreements"

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Malin, Maili. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Finnish Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 177–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_10.

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Abstract With 1.6 million Finnish-origin individuals abroad, the focus in Finland has traditionally been on Finnish cultural associations and educational programmes over any other type of engagement with this population. This chapter provides an overview of Finland’s diaspora policies, with a focus on social protection. It shows that Finland does not have a specific global policy of supporting Finns abroad, but rather a regional approach with Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). Similarly, this chapter shows that Finland has a somewhat decentralized approach to diaspora engagement by which its strong network of non-profit organizations abroad perform a role traditionally given to public authorities in the area of social protection and consultation. The diaspora policy of the Finnish Government could be characterised as reactionary, since Finnish missions increasingly help Finnish tourists abroad. A strong Nordic cooperation in the field of social protection has widened after huge immigration of Finnish people to Sweden, and bilateral social agreements have been established with countries where Finns have immigrated historically like the United States and Australia.
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"Early forms of Regional Cooperation: From Bilateral Agreements to Regional Integration." In Regional Cooperation in Amazonia, 76–94. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004313507_005.

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Dinar, Shlomi, and Ariel Dinar. "Emergence of Cooperation under Scarcity and Variability." In International Water Scarcity and Variability. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520283077.003.0003.

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Using a large-n empirical quantitative methodology, this chapter seeks to answer the following question: why are agreements negotiated between some states, or river riparians, and not others and what impacts the level of cooperation measured by these agreements. Using a global dataset of bilateral treaties, this chapter applies an analytical framework that estimates relationships between level of treaty-cooperation and two variations of water scarcity: Water scarcity-quantity and water scarcity-variability. Results suggest that the inverted U-curve relationship between any measure of scarcity and cooperation, which was hypothesized in chapter 2, holds.
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Kaur, Gurpreet, and Akriti Gupta. "India-BIMSTEC Bilateral Trade Activities." In Regional Trade and Development Strategies in the Era of Globalization, 126–45. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1730-7.ch007.

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The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is one of the solutions to converge the economic interests of India's Look East Policy and Thailand's Look West Policy. Its objective is to integrate the regions on both sides of the Bay of Bengal. The development of BIMSTEC countries is indispensable for the forward march of Asia as a whole. This chapter analyzes the India-BIMSTEC trade activities after the establishment of BIMSTEC bloc. Gravity model and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) are used. The model estimates the sets of regression equations to measure the effects of regional trade agreements using ordinary least squares with nation dummies to capture country-specific fixed effects. The study reveals that all coefficients of regional dummy variables are mostly positive and significant, indicating the agreements that tend to enhance more trade than bilateral trade agreements. The authors state that based on India's trade with the BIMSTEC region, there exists a scope for intraregional trade in the future.
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Jay, Ramasubramanyam. "Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.22 Regional Refugee Regimes: South Asia." In The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0023.

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This chapter examines some of the ongoing challenges in the South Asian region and demonstrates the lacunae that persist with respect to conceptualizing displacement there. It explores protection mechanisms that have been established in the region as ad hoc alternatives to hegemonic protection norms, given the lack of a formal institutional approach there. The chapter provides some insights into whether a consistent and comprehensive regional approach to refugee protection can be identified based on past practices. As will be evident throughout, a South Asian regime for refugee protection can be conceived largely through individual State practice and through bilateral agreements. In fact, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation has construed refugee movement as a matter of bilateral or trilateral relations, and has regarded international agreements as constricting States’ freedom of action. The chapter then considers refugee movements in the region, discussing the ‘Eurocentrism’ of the global refugee regime that led to the establishment of a de facto framework of subcontinental defiance. It assesses UNHCR’s operational presence in South Asia and its impact on refugee protection. Finally, the chapter examines how national constitutional provisions have been interpreted in a way that provides some protection to refugees.
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Cranston, Ross, Emilios Avgouleas, Kristin van Zweiten, Theodor van Sante, and Christoper Hare. "11. Cross-Border Banking." In Principles of Banking Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199276080.003.0011.

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This chapter first sets out seven cases that illustrate some of the legal problems arising from international banking. Many of these cases are not new, nor are most confined to banking. The chapter outlines of how these problems have been handled followed by an examination of the broader principles underlying the resolution of the harder cases. Comity, balancing, cooperation, and harmonization are considered. Jurisdictional clashes over banking matters continue to occur. Some are resolvable in accordance with established legal doctrine, some in accordance with bilateral and multilateral agreements between states. There remains a question mark over how much is achievable in reducing the conflict by pursuing notions of jurisdiction, comity, and the balancing of interests. Rather, shared concerns on substantive issues, such as money laundering and terrorist financing, are more likely to lead to deference by, and cooperation between, jurisdictions.
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Jones, Alison, Brenda Sufrin, and Niamh Dunne. "16. International Aspects." In Jones & Sufrin's EU Competition Law, 1186–220. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198824657.003.0016.

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This chapter examines the issue of jurisdictional problems in competition law, at the ‘internationalisation’ of competition law and the efforts to deal with competition issues at a global level to match the global operations of undertakings on world markets.. It looks first at the question of extraterritoriality in public international law, particularly the concept of objective territoriality. It considers the distinction between prescriptive jurisdiction and enforcement jurisdiction and how these might apply to competition law. It then looks at the development of the effects doctrine in US law and the concept of comity, and at the position of foreign plaintiffs in US courts. It considers how the EU takes jurisdiction by the application of the single economic entity doctrine and by the development of the implementation doctrine and the qualified effects doctrine. The chapter concludes by examining how international cooperation seeks to help solve jurisdictional problems. It looks at the bilateral agreements into which the EU has entered, and the multilateral cooperation to which the EU is party, including cooperation within UNCTAD, the OECD, the WTO and the International Competition Network (ICN).
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Wouters, Jan, and Michal Ovádek. "Human Rights in EU Trade Policy." In The European Union and Human Rights, 645–81. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814177.003.0010.

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This chapter explores the role of human rights in EU trade policy. Ever since the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, the EU has made the promotion of human rights an integral part of its trade relations with third countries. It has done so by requiring all external trade, cooperation, partnership, and association agreements, including unilateral preference regimes, to incorporate a variety of human rights commitments. After briefly sketching the general nexus between human rights and trade, the chapter outlines the gradual integration of human rights priorities into EU trade policy. It then provides a critical analysis of the various ways in which these commitments and strategic priorities have been operationalised through unilateral preference regimes as well as through regional and bilateral trade agreements, and includes an early assessment of the Union's use of sustainability impact assessments for trade negotiations. Finally, the chapter offers some critical remarks on the EU's promotion of human rights in trade.
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Hörnle, Julia. "Digital Investigations in the Cloud—Criminal Enforcement Cooperation." In Internet Jurisdiction Law and Practice, 145–232. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806929.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 examines jurisdiction in criminal investigations where the digital evidence is stored in another country, as is likely where data is stored in the cloud. The territoriality principle and sovereignty mean that states are not allowed to carry out acts of investigations outside their territory. Internet technologies and remote cloud storage in the twenty-first century mean that much forensic evidence is likely to be physically stored in another country. If law enforcement authorities seize a computer on their territory it is increasingly likely that some of the data is stored in the cloud. Therefore, traditional investigatory powers limited to territory (such as a warrant to seize physical items) are not sufficient. This raises difficult questions of whether powers in respect of extended computer searches or disclosure orders can be implemented extraterritorially without breaching international law. This chapter provides a detailed examination of the traditional mechanisms of international cooperation through mutual legal assistance, the difficulties inherent in the traditional approach and the mechanisms to overcome these difficulties, including unilateral acts by states and new forms of international cooperation, such as the US system of bilateral agreements envisaged in the Cloud Act and, for the EU, the EU E-Evidence Proposal. The chapter critically analyses the data protection and human rights issues implicated by cross-border digital investigations and the role of private service providers who may disclose data in response to foreign law enforcement requests.
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"Appendix B-1: Developing countries and emerging economies with bilateral science, technology and innovation cooperation agreements with Germany." In Sustainable Development in Science Policy-Making, 293. transcript-Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839448823-052.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bilateral cooperation agreements"

1

Borgaas, Bjo̸rn, Ingar Amundsen, and Ole Reistadt. "Towards Solving the Problems of the Solid Radioactive Wastes From Decommissioned Soviet-Designed Nuclear Submarines." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7133.

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This paper describes the cooperation and inspection arrangements for verifying the dismantlement of non-strategic Russian submarines, including waste handling, in accordance with the provisions given in the bilateral agreement between the Governments of Russia and Norway and the Norwegian Plan of Action for Nuclear Safety. The main concerns during the project implementation are nuclear safety, the individual safety of workers and the safe and secure handling of radioactive and toxic wastes. Based on data provided by the shipyard on individual exposure, one dismantlement project results in average in an effective dose for shipyard workers between 1,1 and 1,9 mSv, depending on the scope of the work for each worker. The main conclusion is that the present handling of solid radioactive waste is not optimal as such waste now is being put into the reactor compartments without the possibility for adequate control, including the retrieval for repacking or transfer to adequate storage facilities, after the reactor compartments have been placed in the long term storage facility in Saida Bay. Today there is no repository in Northwest-Russia for defence-related radioactive waste.
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Reports on the topic "Bilateral cooperation agreements"

1

Harman, K. M., L. T. Lakey, I. W. Leigh, and A. G. Jeffs. INFX GUIDE: DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY BILATERAL AGREEMENTS FOR COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT (INFX: INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1080216.

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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.

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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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Aldendifer, Elise, McKenzie Coe, Taylor Faught, Ian Klein, Peter Kuylen, Keeli Lane, Robert Loughran, et al. The Safe and Efficient Development of Offshore Transboundary Hydrocarbons: Best Practices from the North Sea and Their Application to the Gulf of Mexico. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Energy, Environmental, & Natural Resource Systems, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.offshoretransboundaryhydrocarbons.

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Offshore hydrocarbon resources have been developed for many decades, and with technology improvements, many fields which were once impossible to develop, are now economically and technologically feasible. This has led to a growing difficulty in determining the legislative and regulatory framework for resources that straddle the recognized borders between two states. In this paper, we examine a successful framework agreement governing the transboundary resources between the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Norway in the North Sea, and the agreement between the United States and Mexico governing the Gulf of Mexico. Following the 2013 Energy Reform, the Mexican energy sector has been revitalized, leading to greater exploration, development, and production than ever before. This means that in the near future transboundary resources may be licensed for production, bringing the issues highlighted in this paper to the attention of multiple government and international entities. This paper seeks to recommend improvements to the transboundary framework in the Gulf of Mexico based on the successful framework agreement utilized in the North Sea. This paper begins by introducing international law for offshore resources in Part II. Part III discusses the offshore regulatory regimes in the U.K. and Norway, analyzing how the two states have successfully used bilateral agreements to facilitate cooperation regarding effective exploitation and apportionment of costs from cross-boundary offshore oil and gas projects in the North Sea. Part IV discusses the offshore regulatory regimes in the United States and Mexico and analyzes the current transboundary agreement in place for the Gulf of Mexico. Part V compares the transboundary agreement governing the North Sea and the same governing the Gulf of Mexico. We highlight the major differences in the agreements and suggest changes to the Gulf of Mexico agreement based on the successful North Sea agreement. Finally, this paper concludes and provides key policy recommendations to improve the rules and regulations surrounding the exploitation of transboundary hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Kelly, Luke. Characteristics of Global Health Diplomacy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.09.

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This rapid review focuses on Global Health Diplomacy and defines it as a method of interaction between the different stakeholders of the public health sector in a bid to promote representation, cooperation, promotion of the right to health and improvement of health systems for vulnerable populations on a global scale. It is the link between health and international relations. GHD has various actors including states, intergovernmental organizations, private companies, public-private partnerships and non-governmental organizations. Foreign policies can be integrated into national health in various ways i.e., designing institutions to govern practices regarding health diplomacy (i.e., health and foreign affairs ministries), creating and promoting norms and ideas that support foreign policy integration and promoting policies that deal with specific issues affecting the different actors in the GHD arena to encourage states to integrate them into their national health strategies. GHD is classified into core diplomacy – where there are bilateral and multilateral negotiations which may lead to binding agreements, multistakeholder diplomacy – where there are multilateral and bilateral negotiations which do not lead to binding agreements and informal diplomacy – which are interactions between other actors in the public health sector i.e., NGOs and Intergovernmental Organizations. The US National Security Strategy of 2010 highlighted the matters to be considered while drafting a health strategy as: the prevalence of the disease, the potential of the state to treat the disease and the value of affected areas. The UK Government Strategy found the drivers of health strategies to be self-interest (protecting security and economic interests of the state), enhancing the UK’s reputation, and focusing on global health to help others. The report views health diplomacy as a field which requires expertise from different disciplines, especially in the field of foreign policy and public health. The lack of diplomatic expertise and health expertise have been cited as barriers to integrating health into foreign policies. States and other actors should collaborate to promote the right to health globally.
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