Academic literature on the topic 'Big houses'
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Journal articles on the topic "Big houses"
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Wheeler, Bob. "Tiny houses, big lexicon." IEEE Spectrum 52, no. 10 (October 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2015.7274189.
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Edelstein, Janice. "Small Houses, Big Impact." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20100309-01.
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Lutz, Matthew. "BIG IDEAS IN TINY HOUSE RESEARCH AT NORWICH UNIVERSITY." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 1 (January 2019): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.1.149.
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INTRODUCTION A small but notable trend that may offset energy consumption is emerging in a grassroots architectural counterculture movement focused on designing and building tiny houses. These small dwellings, ranging between 120 square feet and 400 square feet, simultaneously aim to consolidate, simplify, and minimize the energy requirements of the average size house while relieving their occupants of the burdens that come with owning a typical house. Tiny houses are entering the mainstream, showing up in unexpected places and catering to people from diverse backgrounds. Full-scale design/build prototype tiny houses developed at Norwich University serve as case-studies that may help prove, disprove and bring into question the effectiveness of the tiny house. This article will examine the second prototype house designed and built by Norwich University and will dive into some of the dynamic forces behind the tiny house movement and question how that movement might evolve and adapt to accommodate future scenarios.
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Cowart, Claire Denelle. "The Big House in Somerville and Ross." Review of Irish Studies in Europe 3, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v3i1.2209.
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The novels of Somerville and Ross revolve around the Big Houses of the Anglo-Irish gentry. This paper focuses on three of those novels as markers of the changing condition of the Anglo-Irish themselves, from the seeming stability of the late Victorian era through the changes wrought by Land Acts, war and Irish independence. The three novels form an arc in which houses and family fortunes deteriorate. The Big House of Bruff, in The Real Charlotte (1894), exists in a state of sleepy complacency which masks dangerous stagnation; the son of the house is unmarried and directionless, while members of the rising middle class take advantage of his inertia to advance their own interests. The Big House of Mount Music (1919) is in danger of being lost due to the Land Acts; for failing to recognize and prepare for this possibility, the owner is derided for his stupidity and termed a dinosaur. By 1925, when The Big House of Inver was published, the Big House and its owners are depicted in a state of hopeless ruin. The authors’ evolving views are considered in terms of their own circumstances and struggles to save their family homes.
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Abidah, Andi, and Erich Lehner. "Sauraja Pattojo." International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies 1, no. 01 (February 28, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijeas.2021.1.01.12-18.
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Pattojo is a small kingdom in the past, and at this time, Pattojo was called village of Pattojo. The Kingdom of Pattojo is also called ke-datu-an Pattojo whose the king or queen was called datu. To be a king or queen, one must of the highest Nobel or Datu title. Bugis house is identical to the stilt on the house and the rectangular facet is elongated. The house's mention in the bugis tribe has a difference between the noble house and the ordinary people's house. The noble house is called saoraja (Sao=house, raja=big so that saoraja is a big house), and the people's house is called the bola. Generally, noble houses in ancient times were larger than ordinary people's houses. This research is a study on the form of Bugis noble house or king's private house (saoraja datu pattojo: local language) built before Indonesia's independence. The form of façade the arrangement of space in the house has nothing in common with the original Bugis house. It may indicate that the king's house did not follow the original form of Bugis house but has combined between the Bugis and European architecture. Some things that are very clearly undergoing a change from the original of Bugis house is the roof, position of the stairs, there is an arc shape on the underside of the house, and the arrangement of the room has also undergone changes.
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Blackwood, Evelyn. "Big houses and small houses: Doing matriliny in West Sumatra." Ethnos 64, no. 1 (January 1999): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1999.9981589.
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Moody, Jessica, and Stephen Small. "Slavery and Public History at the Big House." Journal of Global Slavery 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 34–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00401003.
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Abstract This article considers the public history of slavery at plantation museums in the US South and at country houses in Britain. Drawing on original research, the authors critique recent and current efforts to bring connections between these “Big Houses” and the history of slavery to the fore through different methods of interpretation. These elite residences are argued to have largely obscured such connections historically through distancing, distortion, and denial. However, some notable efforts have been made in recent years to diversify public history narratives and more fully represent histories of enslavement. Comparing these American and British house museums, this article contextualizes public history work at these sites and proposes possible lessons from this research, presenting some points to be taken forward which emerge from this transatlantic comparison.
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Reznick, David, Leonard Nunney, and Alan Tessier. "Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 10 (October 2000): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01941-8.
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Wattimena, Lucas. "ARSITEKTUR RUMAH TRADISIONAL DI MALUKU (STUDI ETNOARKEOLOGI)." Berkala Arkeologi 33, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v33i2.28.
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South Ceram coastal communities consist of several groups, among others: Noa nea, Simalouw, Yalatan and Rohua. Each group has a hallmark of culture, as the identity of each society. It is manifestated - among other - in the traditional architecture. The meaning of traditional architecture here is the traditional house, where the traditional house on the south coast of Ceram Island, is not merely seen as a physical building but also has the structure (roles, functions and position) in the development of the society.it could be seen in the pattern of traditional houses. The research showed that the traditional houses had different structure (roles, functions and positions), but on the other those variety of function are then adapted to their roles according to the southtern coastal communities of Ceram island (Noa Nea, Rohua, Yalatan) traditional houses can be grouped into traditional houses and big houses.
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Brophy, Kenneth. "From Big Houses to Cult Houses: Early Neolithic Timber Halls in Scotland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73 (2007): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000062.
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This paper addresses a small group of Neolithic monuments recorded as cropmarks in eastern lowland Scotland that have been termed timber halls, the best known example being the large rectangular building, Balbridie. Three such sites have now been excavated, and all have been shown to date to the early centuries of the Neolithic and to have been largely similar structures; further possible examples in the cropmark record will be assessed, through looking at the use of the term ‘timber hall’ in Scottish archaeology over the past 40 years. The paper will also address a number of sites, mostly known as cropmarks, which have similar dimensions and architectural traits to these timber halls. Excavations, however, have shown them to have a very different form (for instance, probably unroofed), and to date to the latter half of the 4th millennium cal BC, several centuries later than the first timber halls. Drawing on excavation results, cropmarks, and evidence from outwith Scotland, this paper will discuss the changing form and function of the Neolithic ‘timber hall’ tradition in Scotland, arguing that roofed ‘big houses’ were later replaced by ceremonial and mortuary ‘cult houses’, drawing on social memory and tradition.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Big houses"
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McGarry, Marion D. "Cultural Identity and Meaning in Irish 'Heritage' Architecture: Big Houses of the Norman Revival." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493916.
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Nash, Ronald James. "Sleeping with the Enemy: Integrating Big-Box Retail with Existing Communities." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/nash/NashR0507.pdf.
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The intent of my thesis is to find a way to integrate a large big-box retailer into a community in such a way that it benefits the community as a whole. This must be accomplished within the parameters that mark the store as a viable option for the parent company as well. This ideal must be approached from the philosophy that box stores are a large part of the current American way of life and to let them grow unchecked will signal the inevitable death of downtown retail districts as more and more business gets sucked to the super-stores and the areas immediately surrounding them. To do this we will need to find what benefits a box-store can add to a community and further research and rethink the typically negative aspects of these retail giants to find a way to incorporate them into our downtown shopping districts, without destroying their original feel. With this thesis, it is my intent to create a viable model that allows box stores to act as anchors and catalysts for a downtown area (either existing or built) rather than its death knell. To do this I will be rethinking a number of design strategies with the seamless integration of community and big-box retail in mind. To this end, I will not be acting to simply find a way to add a box-store and its typical trappings to the end of historic downtown street, but rather to find away to integrate a set of large box stores into a downtown community in such a way that benefits the citizens of that community on every designable level. I will be challenging not only the typical design strategies of a box store, but those of a typical downtown community as well. Seven major design strategies will be looked at during this project, they are: 1. Design for a diversity of use and users 2. Design a safe and secure streetscape that will encourage use. 3. Design a streetscape that accommodates pedestrians as equals with vehicle traffic. 4. Design a destination, not just a path. 5. Design it well. 6. Balance supply with demand. 7. Use aesthetics as an integration tool. With these design strategies, a box store can become an integral part of a downtown community ... or at least a much better alternative to the rampant sprawl that occurs with their current implementation strategy.
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Schrag, Amber C. "In the shadows of the big houses: excavations at a non-elite residential group at Uxbenká, Belize." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2059.
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Households inform us about social relationships in ways public-centered research might exclude. Studies of non-elite settlements also bring attention to the rich diversity that characterized pre-Columbian society. Surprisingly little is known about Maya commoners despite the recent influx of studies that address the residential areas of sites. Even less work of this type has been done in southern Belize where Uxbenká, the site studied, is located. Uxbenká’s settlement system is characteristic of Maya sites, and includes residences, ancillary structures, burials, modified landscape features surrounding the household, and related gardens and agricultural areas. The 2007 excavations and analysis of this residential group settlement offer a fundamental component to our basic knowledge of the site. The excavations were conducted to assess the temporal occupation and functional use of space at one non-elite residential group (SG 21) at the site. The data collected are compared with other residential excavations and survey conducted at Uxbenká and with other sites in order to better assess the social variation of the site. Work at SG 21 aids in the development of a more comprehensive and contextual view of the occupation of Uxbenká.Thesis (M.S.) - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of Anthropology
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Schrag, Amber C. Prufer Keith. "In the shadows of the big houses : excavations at a non-elite residential group at Uxbenká, Belize." A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2059.
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Cotugno, Carmelinda. "Grandi dimore e territorio nell'Irlanda del XVIII e XIX secolo." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1407.
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Oggetto dello studio è la grande dimora irlandese del XVIII e XIX secolo, la quale simbolo della forza economica e sociale della classe terriera, ha avuto fin dalla sua origine uno stretto legame con il paesaggio in cui è stata inserita.
Da queste premesse si è voluto indagare il rapporto di interdipendenza tra la dimora storica e il territorio produttivo dell Irlanda agli albori del XVIII secolo, quando l isola sembra uscire da un lungo letargo dando segni di risveglio. Si è concordi, generalmente, nel considerare alla base di tale risveglio la fine delle guerre che avevano travagliato il secolo precedente, la crescita della popolazione e dei centri abitati. L antica base strutturale dell insediamento si viene a modificare, come soggiogata dai fermenti della classe terriera vitale e dinamica. Quella che irrompe tra il 1720 ed il 1745, facendosi strada faticosamente e vorticosamente fino alla metà del 1800, è una trama territoriale articolata, densa e complessa.
Fulcro dell intero lavoro è la dimora, unica prova architettonica dell epoca d oro della classe terriera, che diviene la chiave di volta per comprendere la vitalità di quest anima moderna dell Irlanda. Nel momento del massimo fulgore edificatorio, sociale e territoriale, le classi dirigenti contribuirono con nuove idee e nuovi progetti a dare un impulso notevole all economia della zona e del territorio circostante. Dopo una lunga parabola, durante la quale costituì il cuore pulsante della società, la classe terriera lasciò un eredità di straordinaria ricchezza e tracce indelebili, frutto di una condotta di vita eccezionalmente originale, soprattutto nel campo edificatorio con le testimonianze di numerose costruzioni dalla singolare capacità artistica ed architettonica.
La dimora, dunque, diversamente presa in esame, in senso geografico come in quello storico ed artistico, diviene il punto di partenza, di sintesi e di arrivo della rappresentazione del territorio irlandese del XVIII e XIX secolo.
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Guard, Misty Ann. "Business innovation and regulatory enforcement: case studies of the big box retail industry and enforcement of RCRA." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33940.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the following research question: how has enforcement of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) adapted to the Big Box business system innovation? Additionally, the study explored the possible nature of regulatory choke points that may emerge from the enforcement of RCRA in the Big Box retail system. This study used contingency theory to establish a foundation for analysis of the Big Box business system innovation through identification of structural elements, external influences, and their subsequent interactions associated with the Big Box retail system in terms of environmental compliance with the RCRA enforced by the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This research employed an embedded comparative case study design using the comparison of two Big Box firms, Walmart Stores, Inc. and Target Corporation, nationally and for the following states with opposing enforcement strategies: Arizona, Kentucky, Missouri, and Texas. The data used was obtained from third-party federal or firm-maintained sources.
Findings indicate Walmart adheres to the structural models developed using contingency theory principles and incurs more impacts from regulatory agencies due to the enforcement of RCRA. Furthermore, it was observed that inspections of the firms are not distributed throughout the organizational structural elements by all states. Additionally, the use of different enforcement strategies resulted in the emergence of regulatory choke points by Arizona, Kentucky, and Texas; however, Missouri appears to balance enforcement without causing a regulatory choke point.
This research has identified that the enforcement of RCRA has not universally adapted to the demands of the Big Box business system innovation. Agency implications, firm implications, directions for further research, and continued development of a regulatory choke point theory are discussed.
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Stockwell, Donald. "The impact of big box retailing on the future of rural SME retail businesses a case study of the South Taranaki district : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy, 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/763.
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Many rural districts are facing economic decline because of a range of factors such as demographic change, changing socio-economic development patterns, farm amalgamations, the entry of large retail businesses, the so called ‘Big Box Retailing’ (BBRs), and a decline in rural infrastructure investment. These factors in turn affect the viability of many small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which are the primary employers and the engines for economic growth and employment in rural districts. The combined effect of these processes is that many rural districts struggle to keep young people, maintain economic and social diversity and attract new settlers and investment. This thesis seeks to answer the question as to how large scale retail businesses, rural farm amalgamations and declining rural populations impact on the viability of SME retail businesses in rural areas. In order to answer this question, this study identifies the key factors, which affect the future viability of small-to-medium sized retail businesses in sparsely populated rural districts using the South Taranaki District as a case study. The role of economic development agencies and district councils is also examined using case studies of small towns in rural districts of Australia and the United States of America (USA). This study found a number of factors affect the future viability of small-to-medium sized retail businesses in sparsely populated rural districts. For the South Taranaki district, these factors include the arrival of large-scale supermarkets, followed by large scale retail chains such as The Warehouse. These factors, combined with changing rural population structures and economic ‘spikes’ relating to sporadic energy development, have significant implications for the long term viability of many SMEs in the district. Case studies of similar rural districts in the USA and Australia provided examples of strategies that could be used to manage these impacts. This thesis recommends policies, initiatives and strategies that may be considered by territorial local authorities, regional councils and central governments to help address the economic development challenges facing rural districts.
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McDowell, Carina. "Staffing the Big House: Country House Domestic Service in Yorkshire, 1800-1903." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22697.
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This thesis examines domestic service practises among some members of the Yorkshire gentry during the nineteenth century. Historians usually consider the gentry to have shared the same social outlooks and practises as other members of the upper class in spite of significant differences in income and political power. However, as they were less well-to-do, they could not afford to maintain the variety of servants a wealthy aristocrat could. Three main families were selected to reflect the range of incomes and possession or lack thereof of a hereditary title: the Listers of Shibden Hall, the Sykes of Sledmere House and the Pennymans of Ormesby Hall. The Yorkshire gentry organised country houses servants along the same hierarchical lines as prescriptive authors suggested because this gave servants clear paths for promotion which reduced the frequency of staff turnover; furthermore the architecture of their country houses promoted such organization. Secondly, this architecture reinforced the domestic social positions of every rung of the domestic hierarchy. As part of a unique subgroup of the upper class, gentry ladies were less likely to experience class conflict with servants clearly placed within the domestic service hierarchy. The conclusion is that through selective recruitment processes, the distinctive work environment and a particular labour pool, this group created a unique labour market tailored to their social and economic standing.
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Watt, Neil. "Women of the big house families of Ireland and marriage, 1860-1920." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675439.
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Women of the big house families of Ireland have been much neglected both by mainstream Irish history, and the more specialised field of women's history; no more so than in the period that this study concerns itself with, 1860-1920. Thus far, the Irish women who have made it prominently into historical discourse have been the rare examples of the fabulously wealthy and the notorious. The female members who occupied the predominant middle-ground of this social group have been largely forgotten. This is arguably unjust as they played an integral role within their respective families, in big house life, but also within the society in which they lived. This study utilises the theme of marriage to bring transparency to the lives of such a middle-ground of big house women. This theme is important for two reasons. Firstly, marriage was the most important concern faced by these women, and would shape their future lives. To marry was to perform their raison d'etre, to give their lives purpose within a marital partnership. Secondly, marriage is an area in which such women were indubitably of equal importance to their male counterparts - emotionally, socially and financially. Using material from both public and private archives, along with other historical sources, this study seeks to bring to light the preparations for marriage, the social, economic and emotional driving forces behind marriage, and the lives of those who failed to marry - the big house spinster. The heiress is also considered in this period and presented in a more realistic way than lingering preconception has previously allowed. Lastly, this study addresses the importance of the role of married women of the big house in both domestic and public affairs.
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Purdue, Olwen Ruth. "Challenge and change : the big house in north-eastern Ireland 1878-c.1960." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486187.
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During the eighteenth and nineteenth century Ireland was dominated economically and politically by a powerful elite whose ownership of land not only provided them with wealth but also gave them access to positions ofpolitical influence on a local, national and even international level. The closing years ofthe nineteenth century witnessed a powerful. challenge to this elite on both an economic and a political front. While these developments resulted in the rapid decline ofthe southern landed class and the loss ofmany oftheir big houses, this thesis argues that the experience ofthe landed class in the north-eastern six counties oflreland was very different in many respects. It examines the serious impact that agricultural depression and land legislation had on landlords throughout Ireland during the I880s and 1890s. It argues, however, that, through a combination ofcareful management ofresources and more favourable land legislation in Northern Ireland after 1921, northern landlords were placed in a much better position to continue maintaining their country houses than were landlords in what was now the Free State. The thesis also investigates the eA1ent to which the northern landed class continued to operate as a political and social elite in the opening decades ofthe twentieth century. It examines the significance oftheir continuing social links with Britain's landed and political elite and the importance ofthis for their continued relevance in twentieth century society. It also examines the move that many ofthem made into leadership roles both in opposition to ~ome Rule and within the new state ofNorthern Ireland and argues that, although increasingly challenged by a powerful middle class, their continued role in society had an important influence in e:ll.1ending the survival ofthe big house in the north-east oflreland.
Books on the topic "Big houses"
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ill, Andriani Renée, ed. Dad's big idea. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest, 2003.
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Gliori, Debi. New big house. Cambridge, Mass: Candlewick Press, 1992.
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Gliori, Debi. New big house. London: Walker Books, 1994.
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Paula, Marshall, and Better Homes and Gardens Books (Firm), eds. Small house big style. Des Moines, Iowa: Better Homes and Gardens Books, 2000.
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Big sky ghosts: Eerie true tales of Montana. Boulder, Colo: Pruett Pub. Co., 1993.
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Chauhan, Pushpa. The Indian industries: How big houses monopolised them. 2nd ed. Patna: Janaki Prakashan, 2006.
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Pan, Peter G. "Big box" retailing. Honolulu, Hawaii: Legislative Reference Bureau, 2003.
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Walsh, John. Big house, small house: New homes by New Zealand architects. Auckland, N.Z: Godwit, 2012.
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Earle, Gary. How to sell apartment buildings: The big money in real estate. [Chicago]: Longman Financial Services Publishing, 1987.
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Stephen, Cole. Josie's big jump. London: Ladybird, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Big houses"
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Hall, Tony. "The First Big Issues – Houses and Infrastructure." In Town Planning, 22–29. New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367257491-3.
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Kacmar, Donna. "Guild House Hotel." In Big Little Hotel, 138–44. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003284253-19.
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Kacmar, Donna. "Harmon Guest House." In Big Little Hotel, 38–43. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003284253-6.
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Alley-Young, Gordon. "White House BRAIN Initiative." In Encyclopedia of Big Data, 957–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32010-6_205.
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Alley-Young, Gordon. "White House BRAIN Initiative." In Encyclopedia of Big Data, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32001-4_205-1.
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Simon, Jonathan. "De las Big Houses a las prisiones depósito." In Privación de la libertad, 23–48. Ediciones Didot, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ks0b8h.4.
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Hodkinson, Stuart. "Follow the money: who profits and how." In Safe as houses, 191–226. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526141866.003.0007.
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This chapter turns to the bottom line of outsourced regeneration and self-regulation – the colossal financial riches made, following the money from government to the immediate companies and then through to their ultimate owners, often offshored in tax havens. A first section recaps on the variety of unnecessary costs imposed on the public sector through PFI procurement that would simply not be possible if the scheme was financed and procured directly through the public sector. A second section focuses on the complex yet lucrative financial deals done to raise the upfront investment that provide private banks, financial market traders and PFI investors with enormous, risk-free profits. A third section turns to the generous profit margins commanded by the construction and maintenance firms in these PFI schemes from the lack of genuine competition in the procurement process. A fourth section details how corporate consultants and the big four accountancy firms also financially benefit from advising and auditing on these schemes in ways that create real conflicts of interest. A final section that follows these different profitable financial flows through the MFN regeneration scheme.
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"1. Prison Films of Pre-Code Hollywood: Big Houses, Death Houses and Chain Gangs." In Prison Movies, 17–43. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/sega18190-003.
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Ames, Melissa. "Conclusion." In Small Screen, Big Feels, 241–46. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180069.003.0012.
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Considering the ways in recent television shows (e.g. 13 Reasons Why, Blackish, Grey's Anatomy, Roseanne) engaged with societal debates concerning gun control, immigration, police brutality, and more, the conclusion ends with some brief thoughts on how television (and other entertainment and communication platforms) act as storage houses and distribution mechanisms for personal and cultural sentiments. If the dominant affect of the 21st century continues to be fear, this text argues that it is more important than ever to understand and intervene in the ways in which it is circulated through media and technology.
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Rich, Lauren. "‘Stolen fruit is best of all’: The Pleasures of Subversive Consumption in the Late Novels of Molly Keane." In The Edinburgh Companion to Irish Modernism, 336–50. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456692.003.0019.
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This chapter argues that Molly Keane’s heretical late novels violate every possible standard of good behaviour, especially in their scandalous emphasis on the unsavoury aspects of eating and excreting. Mesmerised by these nauseating details, critics have tended to overlook Keane’s affirmation of the pleasures of food and its redemptive value for her Anglo-Irish heroines, trapped as they are in the crumbling Big Houses of the moribund Protestant Ascendancy. Keane insists on the uncomfortably close relationship between the grotesque and the delicious in a context where denial of physical pleasure and suppression of appetite are important markers of class and gender, as elements of good behaviour. In Keane’s Big Houses, women seek out forbidden food as private consolation for their confinement and alienation.
Conference papers on the topic "Big houses"
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Ben, Xiangyi, and Kaicheng Jiang. "Image Classification of Damage of Houses hit by the hurricane based on Convolution Neural Network." In 2021 International Conference on Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Risk Management (ICBAR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbar55169.2021.00026.
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Vajjala, Vivek Abhilash Hanumantha. "A novel solution to use Big Data technologies and improve demand response program in aggregated residential houses." In 2016 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sustech.2016.7897176.
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So¨zer, Hatice. "Green Development in Turkey." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99125.
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This paper introduces a proposal for the architectural design of development for 20 town houses in the city of Nigde, located on central Turkey. The municipality of Nigde is looking for an innovative design for the town houses, that will achieve maximum level of desired comfort, but will adhere to energy conservation and minimum construction cost. These houses, however, while incorporating contemporary technologies, has to preserve the legacy of the great architectural heritage. The city of Nigde has a very rich history and consists of multicultural settlements. Unfortunately only few buildings are still standing to tell that great story; and the new buildings in Nigde do not stand up to the challenge. The site’s topography adds visual interest and variety to the project’s housing. The climate is dominated by lack of humidity, big differences between day and night time temperatures.
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Satoh, Koyu, Naian Liu, Qiong Liu, and K. T. Yang. "Preliminary Study of Fire Spread in Cities and Forests, Using PMMA Specimen as a Fuel in CFD Simulations." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10037.
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It is important to examine the behavior of forest fires and city fires to mitigate the property damages and victims by fires. There have been many previous studies on forest fires where the fire spreading patterns were investigated, utilizing artificial satellite pictures of forest fires, together with the use of corresponding weather data and GIS data. On the other hand, large area city fires are very scarce in the world, particularly in modern cities where high-rise concrete buildings are constructed with sufficient open spaces. Thus, the examples of city fires to be referred are few and detailed investigations of city fires are limited. However, there have still been existing old cities where traditional houses built with flammable material such as wood, maybe historically important, only separated with very small open spacing. Fires may freely spread in those cities, once a big earthquake happens there and then water supply for the fire brigade is damaged in the worst case along with the effect of strong wind. There are some fundamental differences between the forest fires and city fires, as the fuel may distribute either continuously or discretely. For instance, in forest fires, the dead fallen leaves, dry grasses and trees are distributed continuously on the ground, while the wooden houses in cities are discretely distributed with some separation of open spacing, such as roads and gardens. Therefore, the wooden houses neighboring the burning houses with some separation are heated by radiation and flames to elevate the temperatures, thus causing the ignition, and finally reaching a large city fire. The authors have studied the forest fire spread and are planning to start a laboratory experiment of city fire spreading. In the preliminary investigation, a numerical study is made to correlate with the laboratory experiment of city fire propagation, utilizing the three-dimensional CFD simulations. Based on the detailed experimental analysis, the authors are attempting to modify the three dimensional CFD code to predict the forest fires and city fires more precisely, taking into account the thermal heating and ignition processes. In this study, some fundamental information on the city fire propagation has been obtained, particularly to know the safe open spacing distances between the houses in the cities and also the wind speed.
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Clark, Meghan, Mark W. Newman, and Prabal Dutta. "The big house dataset." In SenSys '18: The 16th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3277868.3277878.
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Dzierzgowski, Mieczysław, and Ryszard Zwierzchowski. "The Bio-Fuel Boiler House Concept in the District Heating Applications." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/aes-23664.
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Abstract The biomass boiler house concept in the district heating applications, both from technical and economical point of view is detailed analyzed to assure the most effective investment and future operation. This paper is concerned with the application of the Bio-fuel Boilers (BfB) as a one of perspective way of the District Heating System (DHS) modernization programs in Poland. Considering use of bio-fuels, Poland has relatively big potential particularly in bio-mass. Appropriate bio-mass technology is mainly related to the potential and supply of the bio-mass in cosidered region of the country. Usually, due to supply of bio-fuel, bio-mass fired boiler house not exceeds 30–40 MW. For the purpose of selection of appropriate type and capacity of the BfB for installation in the District Heating Plant (DHP), operational analysis of the DHS and investigation of possible implementation of the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems were performed. Also, investment costs for the BfB and the TES system application in the DHS were assessed. Operational analysis of the DHS covered supply and demand side i.e., heat generation by the DHP and heat consumption by the consumers. Heat consumption analysis during summer season was carried out in order to increase operational efficiency of the BfB installations and for investigation of the TES systems application in the DHS. Heat storage in the DHS and its influence on capacity and operation of the BfB was also investigated. Both, heat accumulation by the District Heating Network (DHN) and by the non-pressure TES system were analyzed. Finally, results of calculation of the required capacity of the TES systems assuring continuous and efficient operation of the BfB installation in the DHS, especially during summer season were shown. Some advantages of the TES system implementation in the DHS in case where the BfB are applied in the DHP were presented as well.
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شریف اسماعیل, سركوت. "The impact of the foreign relations of the Iraqi state on the Anfal operations, (America) is a model." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/15.
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"The Anfal crime of 1988 was a series of political, military and propaganda campaigns carried out by Saddam's Ba'athist regime against a part of the Kurdish people.In this process, all the means of genocide were used, from killing, slaughter, arrest, expulsion and expulsion to the demolition of houses, burning of fields and gardens and looting of their livestock and belongings. The Ba'ath regime's excuse for this crime was nothing but religious and political propaganda that the Kurdish nation had deviated from Islam and had turned against the state These excuses were to justify his crime because the process was named after a chapter of the Holy Qur'an, which was Anfal. For such a big and heinous crime, of course, you have to make all the internal and external factors available before you start, because without the availability of both factors, it would have been impossible for such a big and important process to succeed Therefore, Saddam's Ba'athist regime had secured international and external factors along with the availability of domestic factors to a good extent, so it carried out the process in such a comprehensive and widespread manner. The United States, which was one of the most powerful and influential countries of the time, had a strong relationship with Saddam and the Iraqi government in all political, military, economic and other aspects The Americans, who served Saddam Hussein's regime in the success of the Anfal process, not only provided military and logistical assistance to the Iraqi government, but also provided intelligence assistance to the regime On the other hand, for the sake of the Ba'ath and Saddam regimes, he had cut off all kinds of cooperation from the Kurds and refused to even welcome the Kurdish representatives when they wanted to convey the truth about the Anfal crime to the US and the world.This was one of the reasons why Saddam's regime was protected from international condemnation and prosecution thanks to its cooperation and strong ties with the Americans."
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Ramirez-Prado, Guillermo, Bashar Barmada, and Veronica Liesaputra. "Non-intrusive behavior awareness for residents of a smart house." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9005550.
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Ali, Ahmed K., and Jaechang Ko. "The La’ mella House Small Efforts: Big Impacts." In 2017 ACSA Annual Conference. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.amp.105.8.
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“I remembered him, with a thick gray beard and several layers of clothes standing by the bus stop when it was freezing outside. I used to stop and pick him up in my toasty car, open up the trunk with a push of a button so he could shove his heavy duffle bag, he often sit in the back seat saying basically … nothing. I tried several times to initiate conversations with him. But when he talked – hardly ever – he said jewels of wisdom. Library workers knew him as an avid reader who spent time at the library nearly every day. Teddy Henderson or Abdul-Shahid passed away on October 6,2008; he was 62. He was born in Brooklyn,N.Y., in 1946. He graduated from high school and attended Hampton University in Virginia.In 1968, he enlisted in the U.S. Air Force and was stationed in Washington, D.C. The story of Abdul-Shahid is not much different than the story of thousands of homeless Americans who left us perplexed with mystery.
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Boxmeer, Rolf van, and Tessa Peters. "LIQUID CITIES, a city designed by citizens." In International Conference on the 4th Game Set and Match (GSM4Q-2019). Qatar University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/gsm4q.2019.0028.
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‘The city of Sofronia is composed of two half cities. One is a large roller coaster with steep bumps, a whirligig with fanning chains, a Ferris wheel with rotating containers, a cylinder with steep wall riders with their heads down, a circus tent with a bunch of trapezes in the ridge. The other half of the city is made of stone and marble and cement, with a bank building, workshops, residential houses, the slaughterhouse, the school and everything else. One half of the city is huge, the other is improvised and when the time of the stay is up, it is taken apart, dismantled and taken to be transferred to the wasteland of another half city’ __Invincible cities, Italo Calvino Rezone wants to make the concept of the city more liquid.. A city where things can change, a flexible city that adapts to the desires of its inhabitants. A city designed by professionals, but also by its citizens. A city where roles are fluid and change. Where the designer becomes the builder, where the builder becomes the adviser, where the citizen becomes the designer. A constant flux and change of roles and structures. Rezone creates open designs, methods and strategies where the influence of the end user is big. With new technologies, it is possible to create personalized designs and methods for everybody. For rezone, experimentation is an important aspect of the working flow. Rolf van Boxmeer has a background in architecture and Tessa Peters has a background in the arts. The crossover of art and architecture brings new insights and is an activist methods and designs that can change the status quo in different urban fields.
Reports on the topic "Big houses"
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Reed, Mark A. Hybrid Chem/Bio Ultradense NanoDevice Sensors (HOUNDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada452671.
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Kim, Jinwon, and Jucheol Moon. Congestion Costs and Scheduling Preferences of Car Commuters in California: Estimates Using Big Data. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2031.
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On average, California car commuters waste 4–5 minutes per morning commute due to congestion. Multiplied across all California car commuters, those few minutes entail a yearly total of approximately 2.3 billion hours of time wasted, costing 6 billion dollars. The objective of this study is to quantify congestion costs and determine how commuters adapt to the level of congestion they face (i.e., commuters’ scheduling utility functions). To that end, this research developed a model of trip scheduling under congestion to construct California commuters’ travel-time profiles, i.e., the menu of travel times that each individual would likely face according to alternate trip timing choices. The results show that commuters facing higher levels of congestion tend to avoid delays by arriving at an inconvenient edge time rather than commuting during the peak. Further, commuters are willing to accept about 0.5 additional minutes of schedule delay to reduce travel time by 1 minute. We found that for most commuters in our data, the travel time profile is much flatter than the estimated schedule utility, which implies that commuters tend to arrive around their own ideal arrival times, although the estimated utility function exhibits a moderate schedule inflexibility. This finding ultimately calls into question the existing bottleneck model’s quantification of the economic cost of congestion as well as the optimal toll to ameliorate congestion.
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Wildschut, Jeroen, Martin van Dam, John Trompert, and Sjoerd van Vilsteren. Minimaliseren verdamping tulp : factoren om rekening mee te houden bij het ontstaan van kiepers. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business unit Glastuinbouw- Bollen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/551439.
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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber, and David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.
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The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.
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Lin, Jyh-Dong, and Leonard Wood. The Effects of Bag House Fines and Incomplete Combustion Products in a Drum Drier on the Characteristics of Asphalt Paving Mixtures, Phase II. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313429.
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Leis, Sherry, and Lloyd Morrison. Plant community trends at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve: 1998–2018. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294512.
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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network monitors plant communities at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve and evaluates a variety of environmental variables that affect vegetation patterns, including climate and ecological disturbances such as fire and grazing. Here we report on 2002–2018 trends in management actions (fire and grazing) and key plant community indicators. Temperature has increased over the past 50 years in the region. Precipitation and a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index included a high degree of interannual variability and did not demonstrate directional change. We documented a decline in disturbance intensity (i.e., less frequent prescribed fire and lower stocking rates) since 2006. A preserve goal is to maintain 30 to 60% of the area as bare ground (soil and rock) for ideal greater prairie-chicken habitat. Bare areas have been in decline and minimally meet the goal preserve wide. Bare areas vary by pasture and year, with bare areas exceeding the threshold in earlier years and Big Pasture and Red House Pasture falling short in some recent years. Although the preserve-scale mean minimally met the objective, there was a great deal of heterogeneity across monitoring sites. Litter cover and depth were greater than ecological recommendations for the greater prairie-chicken, especially in 2018. Litter depth demonstrated a great deal of variability and included deep litter. Woody plants were targeted to remain below 5% cover. Preserve- and pasture-scale cover means were well below this threshold but are increasing. Species richness on a per site basis (alpha diversity) and preserve-wide richness (gamma diversity) showed no apparent directional change when corrected for differences in sample size. Comparison of native species composition between 2002 and 2018 revealed a 36.9% difference in the Sørensen Index, although observer error accounted for almost 2/3 of this apparent change. The preserve continues to have characteristic tallgrass prairie species, and nonnative species continue to be low. Similar to targeted invasive plant monitoring, we found the target species Kentucky bluegrass to be below park thresholds. Continued evaluation of fire frequency and grazing intensity will be critical to achieving ecological goals including conserving the greater prairie-chicken. Development of a grazing plan may assist with prescribing stocking rates that are consistent with the preserve’s ecological and cultural objectives and could include alternative herbivores, such as goats or expansion of bison.
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Ziesler, Pamela, and Claire Spalding. Statistical abstract: 2021. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293345.
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In 2021, recreation visits to National Park Service (NPS) sites rebounded from the COVID-19 pandemic-driven low visitation of 2020 and climbed to 297,115,406 recreation visits. This is an increase of 60 million recreation visits (+25.3%) from 2020 and a decrease of 30 million recreation visits (-9.3%) from 2019. Recreation visitor hours were 1,356,657,749 – a 28.6% increase from 2020 and a 5.1% decrease from 2019. Total overnight stays followed a similar pattern with 12,745,455 overnight stays – up 4.7 million (+58.5%) from 2020 and down 1.1 million (-8%) from 2019. Five parks were added to the reporting system in 2021: Alagnak Wild River in Alaska, Camp Nelson National Monument in Kentucky, Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument in Mississippi, Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument in Nevada, and World War I Memorial in Washington, D.C. These parks were responsible for over 629,000 recreation visits in 2021. Factors influencing visits to National Park System units in 2021 include: continuing closures and limited capacities due to COVID-19 mitigation at some parks, temporary closures for wildland fires in 2021 (eleven parks), severe regional smoke/haze from ongoing wildland fires throughout the summer and early autumn affecting parks in the western half and northern tier of states in the continental U.S., two hurricanes in 2021 – both in August – impacted visitation: Hurricane Henri caused temporary closures of some parks in the northeast and Hurricane Ida caused temporary closures of parks along the Gulf Coast and generated some heavy flooding in the northeast, hurricanes and wildland fires in previous years resulting in lingering closures, most notably Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, the Carr and Woolsey Fires in 2018, Hurricane Dorian in 2019, the Caldwell, Cameron Peak, East Troublesome, and Woodward Fires in 2020, and Hurricane Sally in 2020. Forty-four parks set a record for recreation visits in 2021 and 6 parks broke a record they set in 2020. See Appendix A for a list of record parks. The number of reporting units with over 10 million recreation visits was the same as in recent years (3 parks) and 73 parks had over 1 million recreation visits. Twenty-five percent of total recreation visits occurred in the top 8 parks and fifty percent of total visitation occurred in the top 25 parks. Several parks passed annual visitation milestones including Capulin Volcano NM which passed 100,000 annual recreation visits for the first time, Big Bend NP and Devils Tower NM which each passed 500,000 annual recreation visits for the first time, and Zion NP which passed 5 million visits for the first time. Other parks passed milestones for accumulated recreation visits including Hamilton Grange NMEM (1968-2021) and Palo Alto Battlefield NHP (2003-2021) each passing 1 million total recreation visits, Voyageurs NP (1976-2021) passing 10 million total recreation visits, and Hot Springs NP (1904-2021) passing 100 million total recreation visits. Population center designations were updated in 2021 to reflect overlap of park boundaries with statistical areas from the 2020 U.S. Census. Many population center changes reflect increases in local population as indicated by parks changing from rural to outlying or from outlying to suburban. Other changes reflect increasing complexity in population density as parks changed from a single designation, such as rural or suburban, to a mixed designation. See the Definitions section for population center definitions and Table B.1 for previous and updated population center designations by park. In the pages that follow, a series of tables and figures display visitor use data for calendar year 2021. By documenting these visits across the National Park System, the NPS Statistical Abstract offers a historical record of visitor use in parks and provides NPS staff and partners with a useful tool for effective management and planning. In 2021, 394 of 423 NPS units...
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.
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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
Full textAbstract:
Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor