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Journal articles on the topic 'Big Bang singularity'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Wainwright, J. "An oscillatory big-bang singularity." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-035.

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The big-bang singularities in the exact cosmological solutions of the Einstein field equations that have been studied up to now are power asymptotes in the sense that all scalar polynomials in the curvature tensor diverge monotonically as a power of clock time along the fundamental world lines, as the singularity is approached. One can thus regard the solutions as being asymptotically self-similar near the singularity. In this paper, we illustrate a more complicated type of singularity by giving an example of an exact cosmological solution in which the big-bang singularity is of an oscillatory nature, so that the solution is not asymptotically self-similar.

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2

Wetterich, C. "Crossing the Big Bang singularity." Physics of the Dark Universe 33 (September 2021): 100866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2021.100866.

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3

Afshordi, N., R. B. Mann, and R. Pourhasan. "A holographic big bang?" International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 12 (October 2015): 1544029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815440290.

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We present a cosmological model in which the Universe emerges out of the collapse of a five-dimensional (5D) star as a spherical three-brane. The initial singularity of the big bang becomes hidden behind a causal horizon. Near scale-invariant primordial curvature perturbations can be induced on the brane via a thermal atmosphere that is in equilibrium with the brane, circumventing the need for a separate inflationary process and providing an important test of the model.

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4

Sikdar, Malay Kanti. "A Different Approach for Big Bang Singularity." Natural Science 10, no. 04 (2018): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2018.104016.

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5

Heller, M., and W. Sasin. "The Big Bang singularity and Penrose tilings." Advances in Space Research 31, no. 2 (January 2003): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00735-4.

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6

Belbruno, Edward. "On the regularizability of the big bang singularity." Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 115, no. 1 (November 10, 2012): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10569-012-9449-4.

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7

Maceda, M., J. Madore, P. Manousselis, and G. Zoupanos. "Can non-commutativity resolve the big-bang singularity?" European Physical Journal C 36, no. 4 (August 2004): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-01968-0.

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8

Bauer, Florian. "The cosmological constant filter without big bang singularity." Classical and Quantum Gravity 28, no. 22 (October 25, 2011): 225019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/28/22/225019.

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9

Condeescu, Cezar, and Emilian Dudas. "Kasner solutions, climbing scalars and big-bang singularity." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2013, no. 08 (August 8, 2013): 013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/08/013.

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10

WESSON, PAUL S. "A NEW LOOK AT THE BIG BANG." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 03n04 (March 2008): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808012371.

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We give a mathematically exact and physically faithful embedding of curved 4D cosmology in a flat 5D space, thereby enabling visualization of the big bang in a new and informative way. In fact, in unified theories of fields and particles with real extra dimensions, it is possible to dispense with the initial singularity.

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11

Robles-Pérez, Salvador J. "Creation of Entangled Universes Avoids the Big Bang Singularity." Journal of Gravity 2014 (January 12, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/382675.

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The creation of universes in entangled pairs may avoid the initial singularity and it would have observable consequences in a large macroscopic universe like ours, at least in principle. In this paper we describe the creation of an entangled pair of universes from a double instanton, which avoids the initial singularity, in the case of a homogeneous and isotropic universe with a conformally coupled massless scalar field. The thermodynamical properties of interuniversal entanglement might have observable consequences on the properties of our single universe provided that the thermodynamics of entanglement is eventually related to the classical formulation of thermodynamics.

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12

Fischer, Arthur E. "A classical non-quantum all-time time-symmetrical zero-energy single-bounce model for the creation, big bang, and death of the universe." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 14 (October 2019): 1944024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819440243.

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In this paper, we show how the [Formula: see text]CDM (Lambda Cold Dark Matter) Standard Model for cosmology can be extrapolated backwards through the big bang into the infinite past to yield an all-time model of the universe with scale factor given by [Formula: see text] defined and continuous for all [Formula: see text] and smooth ([Formula: see text] and satisfying Friedmann’s equation for all [Formula: see text]. At the big bang [Formula: see text], there is a nondifferentiable cusp singularity and our model shows some details of the behavior of the universe at this singularity. Our model is a zero-energy single-bounce model and an examination of the [Formula: see text]-plot of the [Formula: see text] level curve gives critical information about the initial and final states of the universe, about the evolution of the universe, and about the behavior of the universe at the big bang. Our results show that much can be said classically about the birth, big bang and death of the universe before one needs to reach for quantum gravitational effects.

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13

Martens, Paul, Hiroki Matsui, and Shinji Mukohyama. "DeWitt wave function in Hořava-Lifshitz cosmology with tensor perturbation." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/11/031.

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Abstract We present a well-tempered DeWitt wave function, which vanishes at the classical big-bang singularity, in Hořava-Lifshitz (HL) cosmology with tensor perturbation, both analytically and numerically. In general relativity, the DeWitt wave function is ill-behaved once the tensor perturbation is taken into account. This is essential because the amplitude of the perturbation diverges at the singularity and the perturbative expansion completely breaks down. On the other hand, in HL gravity it is known that the higher dimensional operators required by the perturbative renormalizability render the tensor perturbation scale-invariant and regular all the way up to the singularity. In this paper we analytically show that in d+1 dimensional HL gravity, the DeWitt wave function for tensor perturbation is indeed well-defined around the classical big-bang singularity. Also, we numerically demonstrate the well-behaved DeWitt wave function for tensor perturbation from the singularity to the finite size of the Universe.

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14

Belbruno, Edward, and BingKan Xue. "Regularization of the big bang singularity with random perturbations." Classical and Quantum Gravity 35, no. 6 (February 16, 2018): 065013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/aaab3d.

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15

Artymowski, Michal, Ido Ben-Dayan, and Utkarsh Kumar. "Banks-Zaks cosmology, inflation, and the Big Bang singularity." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2020, no. 05 (May 6, 2020): 015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/05/015.

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16

Dadhich, Naresh. "Inhomogeneous imperfect fluid spherical models without big-bang singularity." Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 18, no. 4 (December 1997): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02709325.

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17

Lauro, S., and E. L. Schucking. "Five-dimensional null-cone structure of big bang singularity." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 24, no. 4 (April 1985): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00670804.

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18

Stoica, Cristi. "Beyond the Friedmann—Lemaître—Robertson—Walker Big Bang Singularity." Communications in Theoretical Physics 58, no. 4 (October 2012): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/58/4/28.

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19

Lu, Jia-An. "R+S2 theories of gravity without big-bang singularity." Annals of Physics 354 (March 2015): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2015.01.013.

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20

Alho, Artur, Grigorios Fournodavlos, and Anne T. Franzen. "The wave equation near flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker and Kasner Big Bang singularities." Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations 16, no. 02 (June 2019): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219891619500140.

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We consider the wave equation, [Formula: see text], in fixed flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker and Kasner spacetimes with topology [Formula: see text]. We obtain generic blow up results for solutions to the wave equation toward the Big Bang singularity in both backgrounds. In particular, we characterize open sets of initial data prescribed at a spacelike hypersurface close to the singularity, which give rise to the solutions that blow up in an open set of the Big Bang hypersurface [Formula: see text]. The initial data sets are characterized by the condition that the Neumann data should dominate, in an appropriate [Formula: see text]-sense, up to two spatial derivatives of the Dirichlet data. For these initial configurations, the [Formula: see text] norms of the solutions blow up toward the Big Bang hypersurfaces of FLRW and Kasner with inverse polynomial and logarithmic rates, respectively. Our method is based on deriving suitably weighted energy estimates in physical space. No symmetries of solutions are assumed.

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21

Mabkhout, Salah A. "The Big Bang May Had Never Existed." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 3 (January 21, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v4i3.p55-71.

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The main pillar of the Big Bang paradigm is the expansion of the Universe predicted by the cosmological redshift. Singularity is inevitable in the Big Bang model. The Universe is hyperbolic as we did prove mathematically; where the cosmological redshift is no longer a distance indicator. After all, in the hyperbolic spacetime a group of objects would grow apart even when not moving as their worldlines would be divergent. We show the manifold of the hyperbolic Universe is complete with no singular points. While the distance horizon in the Big Bang flat spacetime is finite, the distance horizon is infinite in the hyperbolic universe. The pillars of the big Bang and its consequences had been refuted and disproved or reinterpreted.

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22

Yadav, Anil Kumar, and Ahmad T. Ali. "Invariant Bianchi type I models in f(R,T) gravity." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 02 (January 24, 2018): 1850026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818500263.

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In this paper, we search the existence of invariant solutions of Bianchi type I space-time in the context of [Formula: see text] gravity with special case [Formula: see text]. The exact solution of the Einstein’s field equations are derived by using Lie point symmetry analysis method that yield two models of invariant universe for symmetries [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The model with symmetries [Formula: see text] begins with big bang singularity while the model with symmetries [Formula: see text] does not favor the big bang singularity. Under this specification, we find out at set of singular and nonsingular solution of Bianchi type I model which present several other physically valid features within the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity.

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23

Das, Tapan. "Origin of singularity in Big Bang theory from zero point energy." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 8 (August 2017): 767–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0015.

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This paper presents a mathematical proposition based on zero point energy of the creation of singularity in the current Hot Bing Bang theory of the origin of the universe. The observable universe we live in and can see is finite and is defined by the speed of light. The entire universe is infinite and the observable universe is part of it. Zero point energy exists in the entire universe and at all frequencies up to the Planck frequency. Zero point energy was calculated by Planck. The Casimir effect, predicted by Hendrick Casimir, is caused by zero point energy and has been experimentally proven by S. Lamoreux and U. Mohideen. The author has mathematically calculated that the zero point energy waves up to Planck frequency can combine to create an energy source of colossal amount similar to the singularity of Hot Big Bang theory.

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24

Fabbri, Luca. "A Note on Singularity Avoidance in Fourth-Order Gravity." Universe 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8010051.

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We consider the fourth-order differential theory of gravitation to treat the problem of singularity avoidance: studying the short-distance behaviour in the case of black-holes and the big-bang we are going to see a way to attack the issue from a general perspective.

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25

Célérier, Marie-Noëlle, and Jean Schneider. "A solution to the horizon problem: A delayed big bang singularity." Physics Letters A 249, no. 1-2 (November 1998): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00617-3.

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26

Baushev, A. N. "Phantom dark energy and cosmological solutions without the Big Bang singularity." Physics Letters B 684, no. 2-3 (February 2010): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.01.006.

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27

Beesham, A. "Comment on the big-bang singularity in the scale-covariant theory." Astrophysics and Space Science 123, no. 2 (1986): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00653961.

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28

Zen Vasconcellos, César A., Dimiter Hadjimichef, Moisés Razeira, Guilherme Volkmer, and Benno Bodmann. "Pushing the limits of General Relativity beyond the Big Bang singularity." Astronomische Nachrichten 340, no. 9-10 (November 2019): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201913748.

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29

Koslowski, Tim A., Flavio Mercati, and David Sloan. "Through the big bang: Continuing Einstein's equations beyond a cosmological singularity." Physics Letters B 778 (March 2018): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.01.055.

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30

Bozza, Valerio. "Cosmological Perturbations in Bouncing Cosmologies and the Case of the Pre-Big Bang Scenario." Universe 8, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8070379.

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Pre-Big Bang cosmology inspired generations of cosmologists in attempts to cure the initial Big Bang singularity using a fundamental length scale as proposed by string theory. The existence of a phase of collapse/inflation with increasing curvature followed by a cosmic bounce has been proposed as an alternative to standard inflation in the solution of the horizon and curvature problems. However, the generation of a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of perturbations is not an automatic prediction of such scenarios. In this paper, I review some general statements about the evolution of perturbations in bouncing cosmologies and some historically significant attempts to reconcile the predicted spectra with the observations. Bouncing cosmologies and, in particular, the pre-Big Bang scenario stand as viable, although more complicated, alternatives to inflation that may still help solve current theoretical and observational tensions.

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31

Mercati, Flavio, and Paula Reichert. "Total Collisions in the N-Body Shape Space." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091712.

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We discuss the total collision singularities of the gravitational N-body problem on shape space. Shape space is the relational configuration space of the system obtained by quotienting ordinary configuration space with respect to the similarity group of total translations, rotations, and scalings. For the zero-energy gravitating N-body system, the dynamics on shape space can be constructed explicitly and the points of total collision, which are the points of central configuration and zero shape momenta, can be analyzed in detail. It turns out that, even on shape space where scale is not part of the description, the equations of motion diverge at (and only at) the points of total collision. We construct and study the stratified total-collision manifold and show that, at the points of total collision on shape space, the singularity is essential. There is, thus, no way to evolve solutions through these points. This mirrors closely the big bang singularity of general relativity, where the homogeneous-but-not-isotropic cosmological model of Bianchi IX shows an essential singularity at the big bang. A simple modification of the general-relativistic model (the addition of a stiff matter field) changes the system into one whose shape-dynamical description allows for a deterministic evolution through the singularity. We suspect that, similarly, some modification of the dynamics would be required in order to regularize the total collision singularity of the N-body model.

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32

Benisty, David, Gonzalo J. Olmo, and Diego Rubiera-Garcia. "Singularity-Free and Cosmologically Viable Born-Infeld Gravity with Scalar Matter." Symmetry 13, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112108.

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The early cosmology, driven by a single scalar field, both massless and massive, in the context of Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity, is explored. We show the existence of nonsingular solutions of bouncing and loitering type (depending on the sign of the gravitational theory’s parameter, ϵ) replacing the Big Bang singularity, and discuss their properties. In addition, in the massive case, we find some new features of the cosmological evolution depending on the value of the mass parameter, including asymmetries in the expansion/contraction phases, or a continuous transition between a contracting phase to an expanding one via an intermediate loitering phase. We also provide a combined analysis of cosmic chronometers, standard candles, BAO, and CMB data to constrain the model, finding that for roughly |ϵ|≲5·10−8m2 the model is compatible with the latest observations while successfully removing the Big Bang singularity. This bound is several orders of magnitude stronger than the most stringent constraints currently available in the literature.

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33

BEREZIN, V. A., and V. A. KUZMIN. "A NEW POSSIBILITY OF COSMOLOGICAL MODEL CONSTRUCTION IN KALUZA-KLEIN THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 15 (November 1988): 1421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388001707.

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We studied the dimensional reduction of the 5-dimensional Schwarzschild-deSitter solution and found that the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological model may be obtained by the dimensional reduction along the Killing vector in the T−-region of the 5-manifold. For the Appelquist-Chodos reduction, we observed the universal behavior of the scale factor near the 4-dimensional singularity and found a possibility of cosmological model construction with induced singularity like the Big Bang from non-singular 5-dimensional solution.

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34

Brevik, Iver, and Alexander V. Timoshkin. "Dissipative universe-inflation with soft singularity." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 04 (March 8, 2017): 1750061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988781750061x.

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We investigate the early-time accelerated universe after the Big Bang. We pay attention to the dissipative properties of the inflationary universe in the presence of a soft type singularity, making use of the parameters of the generalized equation of state of the fluid. Flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric is being used. We consider cosmological models leading to the so-called type IV singular inflation. Our obtained theoretical results are compared with observational data from the Planck satellite. The theoretical predictions for the spectral index turn out to be in agreement with the data, while for the scalar-to-tensor ratio, there are minor deviations.

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35

Senovilla, José M. M. "New class of inhomogeneous cosmological perfect-fluid solutions without big-bang singularity." Physical Review Letters 64, no. 19 (May 7, 1990): 2219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.64.2219.

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36

Qiu, Taotao. "Can the Big Bang singularity be avoided by a single scalar field?" Classical and Quantum Gravity 27, no. 21 (September 28, 2010): 215013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/27/21/215013.

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37

Battisti, Marco Valerio, and Giovanni Montani. "The Big-Bang singularity in the framework of a Generalized Uncertainty Principle." Physics Letters B 656, no. 1-3 (November 2007): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.012.

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38

Rahman, Hafizur, and S. Banerji. "Can the big-bang singularity be avoided in the scale-covariant theory?" Astrophysics and Space Science 113, no. 2 (1985): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00650975.

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39

Odintsov, S. D., and V. K. Oikonomou. "Big bounce with finite-time singularity: The F(R) gravity description." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 08 (February 26, 2017): 1750085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817500857.

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An alternative to the Big Bang cosmologies is obtained by the Big Bounce cosmologies. In this paper, we study a bounce cosmology with a Type IV singularity occurring at the bouncing point in the context of [Formula: see text] modified gravity. We investigate the evolution of the Hubble radius and we examine the issue of primordial cosmological perturbations in detail. As we demonstrate, for the singular bounce, the primordial perturbations originating from the cosmological era near the bounce do not produce a scale-invariant spectrum and also the short wavelength modes after these exit the horizon, do not freeze, but grow linearly with time. After presenting the cosmological perturbations study, we discuss the viability of the singular bounce model, and our results indicate that the singular bounce must be combined with another cosmological scenario, or should be modified appropriately, in order that it leads to a viable cosmology. The study of the slow-roll parameters leads to the same result indicating that the singular bounce theory is unstable at the singularity point for certain values of the parameters. We also conformally transform the Jordan frame singular bounce, and as we demonstrate, the Einstein frame metric leads to a Big Rip singularity. Therefore, the Type IV singularity in the Jordan frame becomes a Big Rip singularity in the Einstein frame. Finally, we briefly study a generalized singular cosmological model, which contains two Type IV singularities, with quite appealing features.

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40

Sorli, Amrit Srecko. "Einstein’s Vision of Time and Infinite Universe without Singularities: The End of Big Bang Cosmology." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 17 (February 28, 2020): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v17i.8649.

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Cosmology should be built on falsifiability, bijectivity, and experimental data. Speculations are not allowed. NASA has measured universal space has Euclidean shape, which means universal space is infinite in the volume. Einstein’s vision on time as the sequential order of events running in space has bijective correspondence with the physical reality and means that the universe does not run in some physical time; it runs only in space, which is time-invariant. In this timeless universe, there is no singularity of the beginning, there is no singularity inside of black holes. The energy of the universe is non-created, its transformation is eternal without the beginning and without the end.

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41

SAHNI, VARUN, and YURI SHTANOV. "NEW VISTAS IN BRANEWORLD COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 11, no. 10 (December 2002): 1515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271802002827.

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Traditionally, higher-dimensional cosmological models have sought to provide a description of the fundamental forces in terms of a unifying geometrical construction. In this essay we discuss how, in their present incarnation, higher-dimensional "braneworld" models might provide answers to a number of cosmological puzzles including the issue of dark energy and the nature of the big bang singularity.

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42

BANERJEE, ASIT, UJJAL DEBNATH, and SUBENOY CHAKRABORTY. "HIGHER DIMENSIONAL SZEKERES' SPACE–TIME IN BRANS–DICKE SCALAR TENSOR THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 13, no. 06 (July 2004): 1073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271804005055.

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The generalized Szekeres family of solution for quasi-spherical space–time of higher dimensions are obtained in the scalar tensor theory of gravitation. Brans–Dicke field equations expressed in Dicke's revised units are exhaustively solved for all the subfamilies of the said family. A particular group of solutions may also be interpreted as due to the presence of the so-called C-field of Hoyle and Narlikar and for a chosen sign of the coupling parameter. The models show either expansion from a big bang type of singularity or a collapse with the turning point at a lower bound. There is one particular case which starts from the big bang, reaches a maximum and collapses with the in course of time to a crunch.

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43

Varadarajan, Madhavan. "On the resolution of the big bang singularity in isotropic loop quantum cosmology." Classical and Quantum Gravity 26, no. 8 (April 1, 2009): 085006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/26/8/085006.

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44

Feinstein, A., K. E. Kunze, and M. A. Vázquez-Mozo. "Initial conditions and the structure of the singularity in pre-big-bang cosmology." Classical and Quantum Gravity 17, no. 18 (September 5, 2000): 3599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/17/18/301.

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45

Finster, Felix, and Christian Hainzl. "Quantum Oscillations Can Prevent the Big Bang Singularity in an Einstein-Dirac Cosmology." Foundations of Physics 40, no. 1 (November 24, 2009): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-009-9380-z.

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46

Wanas, M. I. "A Pure Geometric Approach to Cosmology." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 183 (1999): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900133078.

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It is well known that standard Big-Bang cosmology suffers from certain problems, e.g. singularity, horizon, flatness, … In the present work it is claimed that the appearence of some of these problems is due to two main assumptions. The first is the assumption that the 4-dimentional Riemannian (RIE)-geometry gives a complete description of the cosmic space-time. The second is the assumption that the material distribution in the universe is described by a phenomenological (PH)-matter tensor. It is shown that, by relaxing these two assumptions, some of the problems of the standard Big-Bang cosmology could be avoided. The following table summarises some results in favour of the above claim. The absolute parallelism (AP)-geometry is used to construct some of the theories mentioned in the table.

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47

Mishra, B., G. Ribeiro, and P. H. R. S. Moraes. "De Sitter and bounce solutions from anisotropy in extended gravity cosmology." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 39 (December 19, 2019): 1950321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319503218.

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We investigate the consequences of incepting the Bianchi type I metric in the [Formula: see text] gravity theory field equations. We particularly derive solutions for a matter-dominated universe. From such a scenario, it is possible to predict a late-time de Sitter universe. Moreover, depending on the numerical fitting function for the scale factor, the universe is predicted to bounce and evade the Big Bang singularity.

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48

Frauen, Jan-Boje. "From Big Brother to the Big Bang: Self, Science, and Singularity in George Orwell’s 1984." Utopian Studies 33, no. 3 (November 2022): 406–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.33.3.0406.

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ABSTRACT This article examines the connections between social perfectibility and individual identity through George Orwell’s famous non-place “Oceania” in 1984 (1949). It is argued that “Ingsoc” Party members see reality filtered through “collective solipsism,” which is a mirage that is superimposed upon the material state of affairs in individual perception by the augmentation of every individual’s environment with constant feedback from the social superstructure. Thus, perceptions, memories, and possibly even personalities are constructed situationally as fit for the superstructure. Due to the constantly intensifying regress of cognitive and material enabling factors, this “collective delusion” will detach itself from the material realm completely in 2050 when individual consciousness fully dissolves into Big Brother’s super-mind. 1984 thus depicts a dystopian-utopian, “blackwhite” society on the “event horizon” to a “singularity,” which will emerge when the state or collective becomes an absolute and no traces of private life remain.

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49

Burrington, Benjamin, Leopoldo A. Pando Zayas, and Nicholas Rombes. "On resolutions of cosmological singularities in higher-spin gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 15 (November 2019): 1950168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819501682.

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We study the resolution of certain cosmological singularity in the context of higher-spin three-dimensional gravity. We consider gravity coupled to a spin-3 field realized as Chern–Simons theory with gauge group [Formula: see text]. In this context, we elaborate and extend a singularity resolution scheme proposed by Krishnan and Roy. We discuss the resolution of a big bang singularity in the case of gravity coupled to a spin-4 field realized as Chern–Simons theory with gauge group [Formula: see text]. In all these cases, we show the existence of gauge transformations that do not change the holonomy of the Chern–Simons gauge potential and lead to metrics without the initial singularity. We argue that such transformations always exist in the context of gravity coupled to a spin-[Formula: see text] field when described by Chern–Simons with gauge group [Formula: see text].

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Fischer, Arthur E. "A simple all-time model for the birth, big bang, and death of the universe." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 12 (October 2017): 1743014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817430143.

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We model the standard [Formula: see text]CDM model of the universe by the spatially flat FLRW line element [Formula: see text] which we extend for all time [Formula: see text]. Although there is a cosmological singularity at the big bang [Formula: see text], since the spatial part of the metric collapses to zero, nevertheless, this line element is defined for all time [Formula: see text], is [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], is [Formula: see text] differentiable at [Formula: see text], and is non-degenerate and solves Friedmann’s equation for all [Formula: see text]. Thus, we can use this extended line element to model the universe from its past-asymptotic initial state [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text], through the big bang at [Formula: see text], and onward to its future-asymptotic final state [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. Since in this model the universe existed before the big bang, we conclude that (1) the universe was not created de novo at the big bang and (2) cosmological singularities such as black holes or the big bang itself need not be an end to spacetime. Our model shows that the universe was asymptotically created de novo out of nothing at [Formula: see text] from an unstable vacuum negative half de Sitter [Formula: see text] initial state and then dies asymptotically at [Formula: see text] as the stable positive half de Sitter [Formula: see text] final state. Since the de Sitter states are vacuum matter states, our model shows that the universe was created from nothing at [Formula: see text] and dies at [Formula: see text] to nothing.

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