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Journal articles on the topic 'Bifidobacterium infantis'
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1
Sakurai, Takuma, Toshitaka Odamaki, and Jin-zhong Xiao. "Production of Indole-3-Lactic Acid by Bifidobacterium Strains Isolated fromHuman Infants." Microorganisms 7, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090340.
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Recent studies have shown that metabolites produced by microbes can be considered as mediators of host-microbial interactions. In this study, we examined the production of tryptophan metabolites by Bifidobacterium strains found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) was the only tryptophan metabolite produced in bifidobacteria culture supernatants. No others, including indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde, were produced. Strains of bifidobacterial species commonly isolated from the intestines of human infants, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, produced higher levels of ILA than did strains of other species. These results imply that infant-type bifidobacteria might play a specific role in host–microbial cross-talk by producing ILA in human infants.
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Chen, Yuan Yao, Xin Zhao, Wolfgang Moeder, Hein M. Tun, Elinor Simons, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, et al. "Impact of Maternal Intrapartum Antibiotics, and Caesarean Section with and without Labour on Bifidobacterium and Other Infant Gut Microbiota." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091847.
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Background and Aims: Few studies consider the joint effect of multiple factors related to birth, delivery mode, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and the onset of labour, on the abundance of Bifidobacterium and the quantity of this genus and its species Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in the infant gut microbiota. We implemented such a study. Methods: Among 1654 Canadian full-term infants, the gut microbiota of faecal samples collected at 3 months were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing; the genus Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis were quantified by qPCR. Associations between Bifidobacterium and other gut microbiota were examined by Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: Following vaginal birth, maternal IAP exposure was associated with reduced absolute quantities of bifidobacteria among vaginally delivered infants (6.80 vs. 7.14 log10 (gene-copies/g faeces), p < 0.05), as well as their lowered abundance relative to other gut microbiota. IAP differences in infant gut bifidobacterial quantity were independent of maternal pre-pregnancy body-mass-index (BMI), and remarkably, they were limited to breastfed infants. Pre-pregnancy BMI adjustment revealed negative associations between absolute quantities of bifidobacteria and CS with or without labour in non-breastfed infants, and CS with labour in exclusively breastfed infants. Significant correlations between Bifidobacterium abundance and other microbial taxa were observed. Conclusions: This study documented the impact of the birth mode and feeding status on the abundance of gut Bifidobacterium, and pointed to the important ecological role of the genus Bifidobacterium in gut microbiota due to its strong interaction with other gut microbiota in early infancy.
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Young, Sarah L., Mary A. Simon, Margaret A. Baird, Gerald W. Tannock, Rodrigo Bibiloni, Kate Spencely, Juliette M. Lane, et al. "Bifidobacterial Species Differentially Affect Expression of Cell Surface Markers and Cytokines of Dendritic Cells Harvested from Cord Blood." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 4 (July 2004): 686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.4.686-690.2004.
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ABSTRACT The gut microbiota may be important in the postnatal development of the immune system and hence may influence the prevalence of atopic diseases. Bifidobacteria are the most numerous bacteria in the guts of infants, and the presence or absence of certain species could be important in determining the geographic incidence of atopic diseases. We compared the fecal populations of bifidobacteria from children aged 25 to 35 days in Ghana (which has a low prevalence of atopy), New Zealand, and the United Kingdom (high-prevalence countries). Natal origin influenced the detection of bifidobacterial species in that fecal samples from Ghana almost all contained Bifidobacterium infantis whereas those of the other children did not. Choosing species on the basis of our bacteriological results, we tested bifidobacterial preparations for their effects on cell surface markers and cytokine production by dendritic cells harvested from cord blood. Species-specific effects on the expression of the dendritic-cell activation marker CD83 and the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were observed. Whereas CD83 expression was increased and IL-10 production was induced by Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, B. infantis failed to produce these effects. We concluded that B. infantis does not trigger the activation of dendritic cells to the degree necessary to initiate an immune response but that B. bifidum, B. longum, and B. pseudocatenulatum induce a Th2-driven immune response. A hypothesis is presented to link our observations to the prevalence of atopic diseases in different countries.
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Sakurai, T., A. Yamada, N. Hashikura, T. Odamaki, and J. Z. Xiao. "Degradation of food-derived opioid peptides by bifidobacteria." Beneficial Microbes 9, no. 4 (June 15, 2018): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2017.0165.
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Some food-derived opioid peptides have been reported to cause diseases, such as gastrointestinal inflammation, celiac disease, and mental disorders. Bifidobacterium is a major member of the dominant human gut microbiota, particularly in the gut of infants. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Bifidobacterium in the degradation of food-derived opioid peptides. All strains tested showed some level of dipeptidyl peptidase activity, which is thought to be involved in the degradation of food-derived opioid peptides. However, this activity was higher in bifidobacterial strains that are commonly found in the intestines of human infants, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum, than in those of other species, such as Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. In addition, some B. longum subsp. infantis and B. bifidum strains showed degradative activity in food-derived opioid peptides such as human and bovine milk-derived casomorphin-7 and wheat gluten-derived gliadorphin-7. A further screening of B. bifidum strains revealed some bifidobacterial strains that could degrade all three peptides. Our results revealed the potential of Bifidobacterium species in the degradation of food-derived opioid peptides, particularly for species commonly found in the intestine of infants. Selected strains of B. longum subsp. infantis and B. bifidum with high degradative capabilities can be used as probiotic microorganisms to eliminate food-derived opioid peptides and contribute to host health.
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Hiraku, Akari, Setsuko Nakata, Mai Murata, Chendong Xu, Natsumi Mutoh, Satoshi Arai, Toshitaka Odamaki, et al. "Early Probiotic Supplementation of Healthy Term Infants with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 Is Safe and Leads to the Development of Bifidobacterium-Predominant Gut Microbiota: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Nutrients 15, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15061402.
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Bifidobacteria are important intestinal bacteria that provide a variety of health benefits in infants. We investigated the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) M-63 in healthy infants in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy term infants were given B. infantis M-63 (n = 56; 1 × 109 CFU/day) or placebo (n = 54) from postnatal age ≤ 7 days to 3 months. Fecal samples were collected, and fecal microbiota, stool pH, short-chain fatty acids, and immune substances were analyzed. Supplementation with B. infantis M-63 significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium compared with the placebo group, with a positive correlation with the frequency of breastfeeding. Supplementation with B. infantis M-63 led to decreased stool pH and increased levels of acetic acid and IgA in the stool at 1 month of age compared with the placebo group. There was a decreased frequency of defecation and watery stools in the probiotic group. No adverse events related to test foods were observed. These results indicate that early supplementation with B. infantis M-63 is well tolerated and contributes to the development of Bifidobacterium-predominant gut microbiota during a critical developmental phase in term infants.
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Pozo-Rubio, T., J. R. Mujico, A. Marcos, E. Puertollano, I. Nadal, Y. Sanz, and E. Nova. "Immunostimulatory effect of faecal Bifidobacterium species of breast-fed and formula-fed infants in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell/Caco-2 co-culture system." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 8 (May 31, 2011): 1216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511001656.
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Bifidobacterium spp. typical of the human intestinal microbiota are believed to influence the balance of immune responses in the intestinal mucosa. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different bifidobacterial species and their mixtures in in vitro experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Caco-2 cells. Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. infantis, B. longum and two combinations of these bifidobacteria simulating the species composition found in faecal samples from breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants were used. The levels of several cytokines were measured by direct stimulation of PBMC and by stimulation of a Caco-2/PBMC co-culture with bifidobacteria. B. catenulatum and B. breve were the strongest enhancers of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by direct stimulation of PBMC. B. longum was the highest inducer of IL-10 and the lowest TNF-α stimulus. In the Caco-2/PBMC system, B. breve was the highest inducer of IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells, significantly different from B. infantis, B. adolescentis and the FF mixture (P < 0·05). IFN-γ produced by PBMC stimulated with the BF mixture (containing 22 % B. breve, compared with 7 % in the FF mixture) was significantly higher compared with B. adolescentis, B. infantis and B. longum. B. adolescentis also inhibited IFN-γ production compared with the FF mixture and B. longum. The proportion of different Bifidobacterium strains seems to be an important determinant of the cytokine balance in the simulated intestinal environment studied. B. breve and the combination of the Bifidobacterium species typically found in the microbiota of BF infants have shown the most significant effects.
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Hilliard, Margaret A., and David A. Sela. "Transmission and Persistence of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacteria." Microorganisms 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2024): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050879.
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Bifidobacterium infantis are the primary colonizers of the infant gut, yet scientific research addressing the transmission of the genus Bifidobacterium to infants remains incomplete. This review examines microbial reservoirs of infant-type Bifidobacterium that potentially contribute to infant gut colonization. Accordingly, strain inheritance from mother to infant via the fecal-oral route is likely contingent on the bifidobacterial strain and phenotype, whereas transmission via the vaginal microbiota may be restricted to Bifidobacterium breve. Additional reservoirs include breastmilk, horizontal transfer from the environment, and potentially in utero transfer. Given that diet is a strong predictor of Bifidobacterium colonization in early life and the absence of Bifidobacterium is observed regardless of breastfeeding, it is likely that additional factors are responsible for bifidobacterial colonization early in life.
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Taft, Diana H., Zachery T. Lewis, Nhu Nguyen, Steve Ho, Chad Masarweh, Vanessa Dunne-Castagna, Daniel J. Tancredi, et al. "Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of Breastfeeding." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071423.
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Bifidobacterium species are beneficial and dominant members of the breastfed infant gut microbiome; however, their health benefits are partially species-dependent. Here, we characterize the species and subspecies of Bifidobacterium in breastfed infants around the world to consider the potential impact of a historic dietary shift on the disappearance of B. longum subsp. infantis in some populations. Across populations, three distinct patterns of Bifidobacterium colonization emerged: (1) The dominance of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis, (2) prevalent Bifidobacterium of multiple species, and (3) the frequent absence of any Bifidobacterium. These patterns appear related to a country’s history of breastfeeding, with infants in countries with historically high rates of long-duration breastfeeding more likely to be colonized by B. longum subspecies infantis compared with infants in countries with histories of shorter-duration breastfeeding. In addition, the timing of infant colonization with B. longum subsp. infantis is consistent with horizontal transmission of this subspecies, rather than the vertical transmission previously reported for other Bifidobacterium species. These findings highlight the need to consider historical and cultural influences on the prevalence of gut commensals and the need to understand epidemiological transmission patterns of Bifidobacterium and other major commensals.
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Peirotén, A., J. L. Arqués, M. Medina, and E. Rodríguez-Mínguez. "Bifidobacterial strains shared by mother and child as source of probiotics." Beneficial Microbes 9, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2017.0133.
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Importance of bifidobacteria as part of the infant intestinal microbiota has been highlighted. Their acquisition is influenced by the mode of birth and the feed regime afterwards, with a special role of the maternal microbiota. The presence of the same shared bifidobacterial strains between breast milk and infant faeces in 14 mother-infant pairs was assessed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping. Four shared strains of Bifidobacterium breve (2), Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were found in breast milk-infant faeces pairs. Two years later, a second survey yielded four shared strains of the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Moreover, a B. bifidum strain was found to be shared by the infant faeces of the first study and the mother faeces tested two years later, pointing out a long term persistence. Some of the selected bifidobacterial strains showed probiotic potential due to their survival to gastrointestinal conditions and their ability to form biofilms.
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Haarman, Monique, and Jan Knol. "Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assays To Identify and Quantify Fecal Bifidobacterium Species in Infants Receiving a Prebiotic Infant Formula." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 5 (May 2005): 2318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2318-2324.2005.
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ABSTRACT A healthy intestinal microbiota is considered to be important for priming of the infants' mucosal and systemic immunity. Breast-fed infants typically have an intestinal microbiota dominated by different Bifidobacterium species. It has been described that allergic infants have different levels of specific Bifidobacterium species than healthy infants. For the accurate quantification of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium angulatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium longum in fecal samples, duplex 5′ nuclease assays were developed. The assays, targeting rRNA gene intergenic spacer regions, were validated and compared with conventional PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization methods. The 5′ nuclease assays were subsequently used to determine the relative amounts of different Bifidobacterium species in fecal samples from infants receiving a standard formula or a standard formula supplemented with galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides (OSF). A breast-fed group was studied in parallel as a reference. The results showed a significant increase in the total amount of fecal bifidobacteria (54.8% ± 9.8% to 73.4% ± 4.0%) in infants receiving the prebiotic formula (OSF), with a diversity of Bifidobacterium species similar to breast-fed infants. The intestinal microbiota of infants who received a standard formula seems to resemble a more adult-like distribution of bifidobacteria and contains relatively more B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis (2.71% ± 1.92% and 8.11% ± 4.12%, respectively, versus 0.15% ± 0.11% and 1.38% ± 0.98% for the OSF group). In conclusion, the specific prebiotic infant formula used induces a fecal microbiota that closely resembles the microbiota of breast-fed infants also at the level of the different Bifidobacterium species.
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Bozkurt, Hüseyin. "PROBIOTIC BIFIDOBACTERIUM AND A NEW GENERATION POSTBIOTIC: ALGINIC ACID." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29, Supplement_1 (January 26, 2023): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.091.
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Abstract AIMS OF THE STUDY According to International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus (2019),Postbiotics are defined as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host. Postbiotic Alginic acid, also called algin, is a naturally occurring, edible exopolysaccharide found in brown algae. Alginic acid and its Na/Ca salt form of Alginate show the capability in water-binding, water-retention water, and immense swelling and gelation, which could act as a protective barrier via promoting biofilm formation on the bacterial cell surfaces. Alginic acid is a potent inducer of Th1 pathway.We aimed to analyze the Postbiotic alginate formed by the human intestinal beneficial bacteria, bifidobacteria,by degrading sodium alginate. METHODS In these study, which were designed in Yildiz Technical University / Istanbul, Biohybrid films were produced by using both Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 probiotic strain and Bifidobacterium infantis in combination with sodium alginate (SA), which demonstrates biocompatibility and facilitated gelation properties in aeorobic atmospheric condition were considered as bifidobacterial surfactan source. RESULTS In biohybrid biofilm study(1), based on the spectroscopic and mechanical analysis, it was found that mechanical strength increased in films produced by adding Bifidobacterium infantis in SA while this increase was relatively lower as compared to those containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 as crosslinking ratio increases. Besides, bacteria contained in bio-hybrid films increased the percentage of amorphous zone of SA in SA/bacteria films, which reduced the crystallinity ratio. This indicated that crystalline chains contained in the structure of SA are degraded by probiotic bifidobacteria(Fig.1) CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that Biohybrid biosurfactan that contains Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and SA structures coated medical/nonmedical devices and sets can be a pioneering approach to reduce carbon emissions, as well as to prevent secondary infections and increase device protection. Also, It paved the way for the postbiotic use of alginic acid/Alginate by probiotic Bifidobacteria.
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Wong, Chyn Boon, Huidong Huang, Yibing Ning, and Jinzhong Xiao. "Probiotics in the New Era of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): HMO Utilization and Beneficial Effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on Infant Health." Microorganisms 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12051014.
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A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for the immune system and overall development of infants. Bifidobacterium has been known to be a predominant species in the infant gut; however, an emerging concern is the apparent loss of this genus, in particular, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in the gut microbiome of infants in industrialized nations, underscoring the importance of restoring this beneficial bacterium. With the growing understanding of the gut microbiome, probiotics, especially infant-type human-residential bifidobacteria (HRB) strains like B. infantis, are gaining prominence for their unique ability to utilize HMOs and positively influence infant health. This article delves into the physiology of a probiotic strain, B. infantis M-63, its symbiotic relationship with HMOs, and its potential in improving gastrointestinal and allergic conditions in infants and children. Moreover, this article critically assesses the role of HMOs and the emerging trend of supplementing infant formulas with the prebiotic HMOs, which serve as fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, thereby emulating the protective effects of breastfeeding. The review highlights the potential of combining B. infantis M-63 with HMOs as a feasible strategy to improve health outcomes in infants and children, acknowledging the complexities and requirements for further research in this area.
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Yang, Bo, Yingqi Chen, Catherine Stanton, R. Paul Ross, Yuan-Kun Lee, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, and Wei Chen. "Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Composition at Species Level and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Infants before 6 Weeks." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133306.
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Our objective was to investigate the effects of different delivery and feeding modes on the gut microbiota composition of early infants with special emphasis on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus profiles at species level. 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions, bifidobacterial, and lactobacilli groEL genes from infant feces were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Gut microbiota abundance was significantly different, where standard vaginally delivered (SVD) and breast-fed (BF) groups were higher in comparison with caesarean section (CS), milk-powder-fed (MPF), and mixed-fed (MF) groups. The genus unclassified Enterobacteriaceae was dominant, followed by Bifidobacterium, which was highly abundant in SVD and BF groups. The dominant Bifidobacterium species in all groups were B. longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis and B. animalis subsp. lactis. B. dentium and the diversity of Bifidobacterium in SVD and BF groups were significantly higher. For Lactobacillus profiles, L. rhamnosus and L. gasseri were dominant among all the groups, while Lactobacillus species in CS and MPF groups were more diverse. Functional predictions showed significant differences between delivery mode and feeding groups, such as phosphotransferase system as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. In early infants with different delivery and feeding methods, gut microbiota—particularly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli communities—showed significant differences, with strong implications for physiological functions.
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Roger, Laure C., Adele Costabile, Diane T. Holland, Lesley Hoyles, and Anne L. McCartney. "Examination of faecal Bifidobacterium populations in breast- and formula-fed infants during the first 18 months of life." Microbiology 156, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 3329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.043224-0.
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Bifidobacteria in the infant faecal microbiota have been the focus of much interest, especially during the exclusive milk-feeding period and in relation to the fortification of infant formulae to better mimic breast milk. However, longitudinal studies examining the diversity and dynamics of the Bifidobacterium population of infants are lacking, particularly in relation to the effects of weaning. Using a polyphasic strategy, the Bifidobacterium populations of breast- and formula-fed infants were examined during the first 18 months of life. Bifidobacterium-specific denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis demonstrated that breast-fed infants harboured greater diversity than formula-fed infants and the diversity of the infants' Bifidobacterium populations increased with weaning. Twenty-seven distinctive banding profiles were observed from ∼1100 infant isolates using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, 14 biotypes of which were confirmed to be members of the genus Bifidobacterium. Two profiles (H, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis; and I, Bifidobacterium bifidum) were common culturable biotypes, seen in 9/10 infants, while profile E (Bifidobacterium breve) was common among breast-fed infants. Overall, inter- and intra-individual differences were observed in the Bifidobacterium populations of infants between 1 and 18 months of age, although weaning was associated with increased diversity of the infant Bifidobacterium populations. Breast-fed infants generally harboured a more complex Bifidobacterium microbiota than formula-fed infants.
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Abdelazez, Amro, Zafarullah Muhammad, Qiu-Xue Zhang, Zong-Tao Zhu, Heba Abdelmotaal, Rokayya Sami, and Xiang-Chen Meng. "Production of a Functional Frozen Yogurt Fortified with Bifidobacterium spp." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6438528.
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Frozen dairy products have characteristics of both yogurt and ice cream and could be the persuasive carriers of probiotics. Functions of the frozen yogurt containing viable bifidobacterial cells are recognized and favored by the people of all ages. We developed a kind of yogurt supplemented by Bifidobacterium species. Firstly, five strains of Bifidobacterium spp. (Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11547, Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 11549, Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 11551, Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 11550, and Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 11548) were evaluated based on the feasibility criteria of probiotics, comprising acid production, bile tolerance, and adhesion to epithelial cells. Formerly, we combined the optimum strains with yogurt culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus EMCC 11102 and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus EMCC 11044) for producing frozen yogurt. Finally, physiochemical properties and sensory evaluation of the frozen yogurt were investigated during storage of 60 days at −18°C. Results directed that Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 11550 and Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 11551 could be utilized with yogurt culture for producing frozen yogurt. Moreover, the frozen yogurt fermented by two bifidobacterial strains and yogurt culture gained the high evaluation in the physiochemical properties and sensory evaluation. In summary, our results revealed that there was no significant difference between frozen yogurt fermented by Bifidobacterium spp. and yogurt culture and that fermented by yogurt culture only.
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Quinn, Erinn, Helen Slattery, Aoife Thompson, Michelle Kilcoyne, Lokesh Joshi, and Rita Hickey. "Mining Milk for Factors which Increase the Adherence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis to Intestinal Cells." Foods 7, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods7120196.
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Bifidobacteria play a vital role in human nutrition and health by shaping and maintaining the gut ecosystem. In order to exert a beneficial effect, a sufficient population of bifidobacteria must colonise the host. In this study, we developed a miniaturised high-throughput in vitro assay for assessing the colonising ability of bacterial strains in human cells. We also investigated a variety of components isolated from different milk sources for their ability to increase the adherence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697, a common member of the gastrointestinal microbiota of breastfed infants, to HT-29 cells. Both conventional and miniaturised colonisation assays were employed to examine the effect of 13 different milk-derived powders on bacterial adherence, including positive controls which had previously resulted in increased bifidobacterial adherence (human milk oligosaccharides and a combination of 3′- and 6′-sialylactose) to intestinal cells. Immunoglobulin G enriched from bovine whey and goat milk oligosaccharides resulted in increased adhesion (3.3- and 8.3-fold, respectively) of B. infantis to the intestinal cells and the miniaturised and conventional assays were found to yield comparable and reproducible results. This study highlights the potential of certain milk components to favourably modulate adhesion of bifidobacteria to human intestinal cells.
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Singh, Harsh Pratap, Pradip Kumar Sharma, Mahesh Kumar, and Parul Sharma. "Measuring the Growth of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium infantis in the presence of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine Hydrochloric Acid." International Journal of Medical and Allied Health Sciences 1, no. 02 (July 7, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54618/ijmahs.2021124.
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Aim: To study the growth of probiotic microorganisms including Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium infantis in presence of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine Hydrochloric Acid (NACHCl) Settings and Design: Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium infantis growth in the presence of N-Acetyl LCysteine Hydrochloric Acid were studied by using MRS broth without any additional supplement as a control. Material and Methods: Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium infantis isolated from fecal samples of infants and adults were collected. Positive culture of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium infantis were collected from NCDC NDRI Karnal. Different concentrations of NACHCl including 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/L were used in this study. Results: The results were observed up to 16 hours of incubation where in 1.0 g/L i.e. the highest concentration give rise to the optical density of 1.577 for Bifidobacterium infantis while for Lactobacillus fermentum1.792 when measured at 600nm, however controls of both the cultures reached 1.136 and 1.108 respectively. Conclusion: The application of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine Hydrochloric Acid certainly supports the growth of probiotic flora to a very good extent and can act as a potential prebiotic.
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Tsuji, H., R. Oozeer, K. Matsuda, T. Matsuki, T. Ohta, K. Nomoto, R. Tanaka, et al. "Molecular monitoring of the development of intestinal microbiota in Japanese infants." Beneficial Microbes 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2011.0038.
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The faecal microbiota of 166 healthy Japanese newborns was analysed periodically from day 1 after birth until the age of 3 years by using the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Faecal pH and the organic acid concentration were also examined. Colonisation by both facultative anaerobes and strict anaerobes was confirmed in 95% of the meconium tested. Bifidobacterium-predominant microbiota was established subsequently in most of the infants by 3 months after birth. Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum group and Bifidobacterium bifidum were the species mainly detected. Intergroup correlation analysis revealed that the bifidobacterial population levels, but not other strict anaerobe groups, were found to be negatively correlated with those of the Enterobacteriaceae from 7 days until 3 months after birth. Faecal pH was maintained at about 6 until 6 months after birth and reached 6.6 at 3 years after birth. The initial concentration of faecal organic acids (19 μM/g of faeces) just after birth increased until 3 years after birth to the level of 111 μM/g of faeces. Early start of feeding formula milk promoted colonisation by obligate anaerobes such as the Clostridium coccoides group, the Clostridium leptum subgroup, Prevotella, and Atopobium cluster during the 3 months after birth. Population levels of the bifidobacteria until 1 month after birth and those of the Bacteroides fragilis group until 6 months after birth were lower in infants delivered by Caesarean section than in those delivered normally. The results suggested that both earlier start of feeding of formula milk and the mode of infant delivery were found to be important in the development of intestinal microbiota in early infancy.
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Sakata, S. "Unification of Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium suis as Bifidobacterium longum." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 52, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 1945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02221-0.
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Sakata, Shinji, Maki Kitahara, Mitsuo Sakamoto, Hidenori Hayashi, Masafumi Fukuyama, and Yoshimi Benno. "Unification of Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium suis as Bifidobacterium longum." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 1945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-6-1945.
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Woodmansey, Emma J., Marion E. T. McMurdo, George T. Macfarlane, and Sandra Macfarlane. "Comparison of Compositions and Metabolic Activities of Fecal Microbiotas in Young Adults and in Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Antibiotic-Treated Elderly Subjects." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 6113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.6113-6122.2004.
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ABSTRACT The colonic microbiota mediates many cellular and molecular events in the host that are important to health. These processes can be affected in the elderly, because in some individuals, the composition and metabolic activities of the microbiota change with age. Detailed characterizations of the major groups of fecal bacteria in healthy young adults, in healthy elderly people, and in hospitalized elderly patients receiving antibiotics were made in this study, together with measurements of their metabolic activities, by analysis of fecal organic acid and ammonia concentrations. The results showed that total anaerobe numbers remained relatively constant in old people; however, individual bacterial genera changed markedly with age. Reductions in numbers of bacteroides and bifidobacteria in both elderly groups were accompanied by reduced species diversity. Bifidobacterial populations in particular showed marked variations in the dominant species, with Bifidobacterium angulatum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis being frequently isolated from the elderly and Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium boum, and Bifidobacterium infantis being detected only from the healthy young volunteers. Reductions in amylolytic activities of bacterial isolates in healthy elderly subjects and reduced short-chain fatty acid concentrations supported these findings, since bifidobacteria and bacteroides are important saccharolytic groups in the colon. Conversely, higher numbers of proteolytic bacteria were observed with feces samples from the antibiotic-treated elderly group, which were also associated with increased proteolytic species diversity (fusobacteria, clostridia, and propionibacteria). Other differences in the intestinal ecosystem in elderly subjects were observed, with alterations in the dominant clostridial species in combination with greater numbers of facultative anaerobes.
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Tso, Lauren, Kevin S. Bonham, Alyssa Fishbein, Sophie Rowland, and Vanja Klepac-Ceraj. "Targeted High-Resolution Taxonomic Identification of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Using Human Milk Oligosaccharide Metabolizing Genes." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 2833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082833.
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Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) is one of a few microorganisms capable of metabolizing human breast milk and is a pioneer colonizer in the guts of breastfed infants. One current challenge is differentiating B. infantis from its close relatives, B. longum and B. suis. All three organisms are classified in the same species group but only B. infantis can metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). We compared HMO-metabolizing genes across different Bifidobacterium genomes and developed B. infantis-specific primers to determine if the genes alone or the primers can be used to quickly characterize B. infantis. We showed that B. infantis is uniquely identified by the presence of five HMO-metabolizing gene clusters, tested for its prevalence in infant gut metagenomes, and validated the results using the B. infantis-specific primers. We observed that only 15 of 203 (7.4%) children under 2 years old from a cohort of US children harbored B. infantis. These results highlight the importance of developing and improving approaches to identify B. infantis. A more accurate characterization may provide insights into regional differences of B. infantis prevalence in infant gut microbiota.
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Chichlowski, Maciej, Neil Shah, Jennifer L. Wampler, Steven S. Wu, and Jon A. Vanderhoof. "Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis (B. infantis) in Pediatric Nutrition: Current State of Knowledge." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061581.
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Since originally isolated in 1899, the genus Bifidobacterium has been demonstrated to predominate in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants and to benefit the host by accelerating maturation of the immune response, balancing the immune system to suppress inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and increasing acetate production. In particular, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) is well adapted to the infant gut and has co-evolved with the mother-infant dyad and gut microbiome, in part due to its ability to consume complex carbohydrates found in human milk. B. infantis and its human host have a symbiotic relationship that protects the preterm or term neonate and nourishes a healthy gut microbiota prior to weaning. To provide benefits associated with B. infantis to all infants, a number of commercialized strains have been developed over the past decades. As new ingredients become available, safety and suitability must be assessed in preclinical and clinical studies. Consideration of the full clinical evidence for B. infantis use in pediatric nutrition is critical to better understand its potential impacts on infant health and development. Herein we summarize the recent clinical studies utilizing select strains of commercialized B. infantis.
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Blanco, Guillermo, Lorena Ruiz, Hector Tamés, Patricia Ruas-Madiedo, Florentino Fdez-Riverola, Borja Sánchez, Anália Lourenço, and Abelardo Margolles. "Revisiting the Metabolic Capabilities of Bifidobacterium longum susbp. longum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis from a Glycoside Hydrolase Perspective." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050723.
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Bifidobacteria are among the most abundant microorganisms inhabiting the intestine of humans and many animals. Within the genus Bifidobacterium, several beneficial effects have been attributed to strains belonging to the subspecies Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, which are often found in infants and adults. The increasing numbers of sequenced genomes belonging to these two subspecies, and the availability of novel computational tools focused on predicting glycolytic abilities, with the aim of understanding the capabilities of degrading specific carbohydrates, allowed us to depict the potential glycoside hydrolases (GH) of these bacteria, with a focus on those GH profiles that differ in the two subspecies. We performed an in silico examination of 188 sequenced B. longum genomes and depicted the commonly present and strain-specific GHs and GH families among representatives of this species. Additionally, GH profiling, genome-based and 16S rRNA-based clustering analyses showed that the subspecies assignment of some strains does not properly match with their genetic background. Furthermore, the analysis of the potential GH component allowed the distinction of clear GH patterns. Some of the GH activities, and their link with the two subspecies under study, are further discussed. Overall, our in silico analysis poses some questions about the suitability of considering the GH activities of B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis to gain insight into the characterization and classification of these two subspecies with probiotic interest.
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Mennini, Maurizio, Sofia Reddel, Federica Del Chierico, Simone Gardini, Andrea Quagliariello, Pamela Vernocchi, Rocco Luigi Valluzzi, et al. "Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy and Cow’s Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041649.
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Food allergy (FA) and, in particular, IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy is associated with compositional and functional changes of gut microbiota. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota of cow’s milk allergic (CMA) infants with that of cow’s milk sensitized (CMS) infants and Healthy controls. The effect of the intake of a mixture of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on gut microbiota modulation of CMA infants and probiotic persistence was also investigated. Gut microbiota of CMA infants resulted to be characterized by a dysbiotic status with a prevalence of some bacteria as Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Prevotella, Actinobacillus and Streptococcus. Among the three strains administered, B.longum subsp. infantis colonized the gastrointestinal tract and persisted in the gut microbiota of infants with CMA for 60 days. This colonization was associated with perturbations of the gut microbiota, specifically with the increase of Akkermansia and Ruminococcus. Multi-strain probiotic formulations can be studied for their persistence in the intestine by monitoring specific bacterial probes persistence and exploiting microbiota profiling modulation before the evaluation of their therapeutic effects.
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Duar, Rebbeca M., David Kyle, and Giorgio Casaburi. "Colonization Resistance in the Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis in Reducing pH and Preventing Pathogen Growth." High-Throughput 9, no. 2 (March 27, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ht9020007.
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Over the past century, there has been a steady increase in the stool pH of infants from industrialized countries. Analysis of historical data revealed a strong association between abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome of breasted infants and stool pH, suggesting that this taxon plays a key role in determining the pH in the gut. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is uniquely equipped to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) from breastmilk into acidic end products, mainly lactate and acetate. The presence of these acidic compounds in the infant gut is linked to a lower stool pH. Conversely, infants lacking B. infantis have a significantly higher stool pH, carry a higher abundance of potential pathogens and mucus-eroding bacteria in their gut microbiomes, and have signs of chronic enteric inflammation. This suggests the presence of B. infantis and low intestinal pH may be critical to maintaining a protective environment in the infant gut. Here, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that feeding B. infantis EVC001 to breastfed infants results in significantly lower fecal pH compared to controls and propose that low pH is one critical factor in preventing the invasion and overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the infant gut, a process known as colonization resistance.
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Newton, Dorothy F., Sandra Macfarlane, and George T. Macfarlane. "Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Species Composition and Metabolic Activities in Chemostats Containing Defined Populations of Human Gut Microorganisms." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 5 (February 12, 2013): 2016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00079-13.
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ABSTRACTThe composition and metabolic activities of the human colonic microbiota are modulated by a number of external factors, including diet and antibiotic therapy. Changes in the structure and metabolism of the gut microbiota may have long-term consequences for host health. The large intestine harbors a complex microbial ecosystem comprising several hundreds of different bacterial species, which complicates investigations on intestinal physiology and ecology. To facilitate such studies, a highly simplified microbiota consisting of 14 anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic organisms (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,Bacteroides vulgatus,Bifidobacterium longum,Bifidobacterium infantis,Bifidobacterium pseudolongum,Bifidobacterium adolescentis,Clostridium butyricum,C. perfringens,C. bifermentans,C. innocuum,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium,Lactobacillus acidophilus) was used in this investigation. Ampicillin [9.2 μg (ml culture)−1] was added to two chemostats operated at different dilution rates (D; 0.10 h−1and 0.21 h−1), and metronidazole [76.9 μg (ml culture)−1] was added to a third vessel (D= 0.21 h−1). Perturbations in bacterial physiology and metabolism were sampled over a 48-h period.Lactobacillus acidophilusandC. bifermentanspopulations did not establish in the fermentors under the imposed growth conditions. Ampicillin resulted in substantial reductions in bacteroides andC. perfringenspopulations at both dilution rates. Metronidazole strongly affected bacteroides communities but had no effect on bifidobacterial communities. The bacteriostatic effect of ampicillin on bifidobacterial species was growth rate dependent. Several metabolic activities were affected by antibiotic addition, including fermentation product formation and enzyme synthesis. The growth of antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria in the large bowel may enable them to occupy ecological niches left vacant after antibiotic administration, preventing colonization by pathogenic species.
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Do Thi, Men, Le Pham Thi, Tuan Tran Van, Tuyet Lan Ninh Thị, and Minh Huyen Nguyen Thi. "Isolation and identification of Bifidobacterium spp. from infant intestinal tract." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.104.
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As one of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium is supplement in food industry such as in milk and yogurt. The advantageous impact of these bacteria for human health was reported. However, in Vietnam, supplement of these bacteria as probiotic source to the food was not much in food industry. In our experiment, Bifidobacterium are isolated from a feces sample of 7 days-child which only had mother milk. The bacterial isolated from infant intestinal tract was Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis, closest to Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis strain Bi-26 with gene bank accession CP054425.1). The techniques to identify these bacteria were MALDI Biotyper, PCR and sequencing. This experiment is original for further study the characters of these bacteria to apply them in our daily life.
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Ben-Amor, Kaouther, Hans Heilig, Hauke Smidt, Elaine E. Vaughan, Tjakko Abee, and Willem M. de Vos. "Genetic Diversity of Viable, Injured, and Dead Fecal Bacteria Assessed by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting and 16S rRNA Gene Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (August 2005): 4679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4679-4689.2005.
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ABSTRACT A novel approach combining a flow cytometric in situ viability assay with 16S rRNA gene analysis was used to study the relationship between diversity and activity of the fecal microbiota. Simultaneous staining with propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO BC provided clear discrimination between intact cells (49%), injured or damaged cells (19%), and dead cells (32%). The three subpopulations were sorted and characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons obtained from the total and bifidobacterial communities. This analysis revealed that not only the total community but also the distinct subpopulations are characteristic for each individual. Cloning and sequencing of the dominant bands of the DGGE patterns showed that most of clones retrieved from the live, injured, and dead fractions belonged to Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium leptum, and Bacteroides. We found that some of the butyrate-producing related bacteria, such as Eubacterium rectale and Eubacterium hallii, were obviously viable at the time of sampling. However, amplicons affiliated with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus obeum- and Eubacterium biforme-like bacteria, as well as Butyrivibrio crossotus, were obtained especially from the dead population. Furthermore, some bacterial clones were recovered from all sorted fractions, and this was especially noticeable for the Clostridium leptum cluster. The bifidobacterial phylotypes identified in total samples and sorted fractions were assigned to Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Phylogenetic analysis of the live, dead, and injured cells revealed a remarkable physiological heterogeneity within these bacterial populations; B. longum and B. infantis were retrieved from all sorted fractions, while B. adolescentis was recovered mostly from the sorted dead fraction.
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Brunner-Weinzierl, Monika C., Mandy Pierau, Dirk Schlueter, Karin Lampe, Christoph Arens, Gerhard Jorch, and Vogel Katrin. "CD4+ T cells from human neonates and infants respond variously against antigens of Staphylococcus aureus, but not against Bifidobacter longum ssp. infantis." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 66.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.66.24.
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Abstract T cells in human neonates, infants, and adults differ dramatically in the initiation, strength, and stability of their responses. In this study, we investigate cellular mechanisms of CD4+ T cells from neonates, infants and adults to show the antigen specific response to Staphylococcus aureus and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis. T cells from surgically excised adenoids of infants in different ages, cord blood and peripheral blood from healthy donors were characterized by flow cytometry and functional assays. Therefore CD14+ monocytes were incubated with extracts of Staphylococcus aureus and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis to stimulate enriched T cells. CD4+ CD45RA and CD4+ CD45R0 T cells proliferate and up regulate the activation-associated molecule CD25 in response to Staphylococcus aureus whereas stimulation with Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis had no effect. In functional assays, we could show that T-cell proliferation is induced by Staphylococcus aureus via TCR-specific signal transduction. In this line, the antigen-specific response can be reduced by blockade of MHC class II molecules. Surprisingly, an inverse correlation between the percentages of Staphylococcus aureus induced proliferating T cells and age of infants is observed. In the case of activation with Staphylococcus aureus functional specific T cells are identified in cord blood, adenoids of infants, and adults with age-dependent characteristics. This work highlights the gap between specific T cell responses of neonates, infants, and adults in terms of quality and quantity. Our findings will help to understand the relationship between pathogens and T cells and to optimize future strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Elden Babekir, Wala Salah, Abubakar Awad Siddig, and Barka Mohammed Kabeir. "The Survival of Bifidobacterium infantis 20088 and Physicochemical Changes During Refrigeration Storage of Selected Fermented Traditional Sudanese Fruit Beverages." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 11 (October 23, 2015): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i11.866-868.437.
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This study was carried out to evaluate survival of Bifidobacterium infantis 20088 in fermented beverage formulated from selected traditional Sudanese fruits Gudaim and dom. The viable counts of the strain and physiochemical changes during refrigeration were determined. 10% beverages (w/v) were prepared from dom and gudaim powder. 2.5% (w/w) skim milk was supplemented to each formulation to provide the required nutrient for bacteria growth during the fermentation. After sterilization and cooling, the mixture was inoculated with a 10% culture of B. infants 20088 followed by incubation for 36 h at 37°C. Reconstituted skim milk was used as control. Fermented beverages were held at refrigeration (4°C) for a period of 2 weeks. During the refrigeration storage of the fermented beverages there was significant reduction in Bifidobacterium infantis of all fermented beverages. Nevertheless, the strain was maintained high; fulfill the number required to presence in probiotic foods, which was at least 6 log CFU/ml fermented product. There was no significantly difference in TSS and pH as compared to their initial at the beginning of fermentation except in pH of fermented gudaim. Therefore gudaim and dom are suitable carrier to deliver Bifidobacterium infantis 20088 to consumer.
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Matsuki, Takahiro, Koichi Watanabe, Ryuichiro Tanaka, Masafumi Fukuda, and Hiroshi Oyaizu. "Distribution of Bifidobacterial Species in Human Intestinal Microflora Examined with 16S rRNA-Gene-Targeted Species-Specific Primers." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4506-4512.1999.
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ABSTRACT In order to clarify the distribution of bifidobacterial species in the human intestinal tract, a 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific PCR technique was developed and used with DNAs extracted from fecal samples obtained from 48 healthy adults and 27 breast-fed infants. To cover all of the bifidobacterial species that have been isolated from and identified in the human intestinal tract, species-specific primers for Bifidobacterium longum, B. infantis,B. dentium, and B. gallicum were developed and used with primers for B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, and the B. catenulatum group (B. catenulatum andB. pseudocatenulatum) that were developed in a previous study (T. Matsuki, K. Watanabe, R. Tanaka, and H. Oyaizu, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 167:113–121, 1998). The specificity of the nine primers was confirmed by PCR, and the species-specific PCR method was found to be a useful means for identifying Bifidobacteriumstrains isolated from human feces. The results of an examination of bifidobacterial species distribution showed that the B. catenulatum group was the most commonly found taxon (detected in 44 of 48 samples [92%]), followed by B. longum andB. adolescentis, in the adult intestinal bifidobacterial flora and that B. breve, B. infantis, andB. longum were frequently found in the intestinal tracts of infants. The present study demonstrated that qualitative detection of the bifidobacterial species present in human feces can be accomplished rapidly and accurately.
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Ferro, Lynn, Kameron Sugino, Vanja Klepac-Ceraj, and Sarah Comstock. "Human Milk Oligosaccharide (HMO) Metabolizing Gene Abundances in Human Infant Fecal Samples." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_038.
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Abstract Objectives To benefit from the complex oligosaccharides found in human milk, an infant relies on microbial metabolism of these compounds. The main objective of this study was to determine the abundance of Bifidobacterium infantis human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) metabolizing genes in infant fecal samples. Methods Fecal samples from 40 6-mos-old infants were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the abundance of several genes in B. infantis. B infantis specific primer sets were used to target 5 HMO metabolizing genes as well as the 16S rRNA gene. Additional 16S rRNA primer sets were used to target overall bacteria, overall Bifidobacterium, B. breve and B. longum. Abundances of each qPCR reaction were compared by infant human milk exposure, solid food intake, and mode of delivery. Results Mode of delivery was not associated with any PCR targets. Two HMO genes, a sialidase and a glycoside hydrolase, as well as a B. infantis 16S rRNA gene were more abundant in the feces of human milk fed infants (p < 0.05). The sialidase and a B. infantis 16S rRNA gene tended to be less abundant when a larger percentage of an infant's diet consisted of solids (p < 0.10). When accounting for solid food intake, human milk exposure continued to be positively associated with the sialidase and a B. infantis 16S rRNA gene abundance (p < 0.05) and tended to be related to the abundance of the glycoside hydrolase (p < 0.10). An assessment of 5 B. infantis specific primer sets targeting HMO metabolizing genes demonstrated that the stools of human milk fed infants harbored a more diverse set of these genes than those of non-human milk fed infants (p = 0.02). Conclusions Herein, we have identified a qPCR primer set targeting a sialidase that is consistently associated with human milk exposure even in the presence of solid food intake. With further development and validation in additional populations of infants, these assays could be used to group samples by dietary exposure even where no record of dietary intake exists. Thus, this assay would provide a method by which infant human milk intake proximal to sample collection can be assessed quickly in any well-equipped molecular biology lab. Funding Sources This research was partially supported by the MSU College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Undergraduate Research Program as well as the Max Gonzenbach Research Scholarship.
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Lindner, Cordula, Ellen Looijesteijn, Helmie van Dijck, Ingeborg Bovee-Oudenhoven, Margreet Heerikhuisen, Tim J. van den Broek, Massimo Marzorati, Vassilis Triantis, and Arjen Nauta. "Infant Fecal Fermentations with Galacto-Oligosaccharides and 2′-Fucosyllactose Show Differential Bifidobacterium longum Stimulation at Subspecies Level." Children 10, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10030430.
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The objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential of 2′-FL and GOS, individually and combined, in beneficially modulating the microbial composition of infant and toddler (12–18 months) feces using the micro-Matrix bioreactor. In addition, the impacts of GOS and 2′-FL, individually and combined, on the outgrowth of fecal bifidobacteria at (sub)species level was investigated using the baby M-SHIME® model. For young toddlers, significant increases in the genera Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, and Streptococcus, and decreases in Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium XIVa, and Roseburia were observed in all supplemented fermentations. In addition, GOS, and combinations of GOS and 2′-FL, increased Collinsella and decreased Salmonella, whereas 2′-FL, and combined GOS and 2′-FL, decreased Dorea. Alpha diversity increased significantly in infants with GOS and/or 2′-FL, as well as the relative abundances of the genera Veillonella and Akkermansia with 2′-FL, and Lactobacillus with GOS. Combinations of GOS and 2′-FL significantly stimulated Veillonella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus. In all supplemented fermentations, Proteobacteria decreased, with the most profound decreases accomplished by the combination of GOS and 2′-FL. When zooming in on the different (sub)species of Bifidobacterium, GOS and 2’-FL were shown to be complementary in stimulating breast-fed infant-associated subspecies of Bifidobacterium longum in a dose-dependent manner: GOS stimulated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, whereas 2′-FL supported outgrowth of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis.
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LoCascio, Riccardo G., Prerak Desai, David A. Sela, Bart Weimer, and David A. Mills. "Broad Conservation of Milk Utilization Genes in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis as Revealed by Comparative Genomic Hybridization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 22 (August 27, 2010): 7373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00675-10.
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ABSTRACT Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third-largest solid component of milk. Their structural complexity renders them nondigestible to the host but liable to hydrolytic enzymes of the infant colonic microbiota. Bifidobacteria and, frequently, Bifidobacterium longum strains predominate the colonic microbiota of exclusively breast-fed infants. Among the three recognized subspecies of B. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis achieves high levels of cell growth on HMOs and is associated with early colonization of the infant gut. The B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 genome features five distinct gene clusters with the predicted capacity to bind, cleave, and import milk oligosaccharides. Comparative genomic hybridizations (CGHs) were used to associate genotypic biomarkers among 15 B. longum strains exhibiting various HMO utilization phenotypes and host associations. Multilocus sequence typing provided taxonomic subspecies designations and grouped the strains between B. longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum. CGH analysis determined that HMO utilization gene regions are exclusively conserved across all B. longum subsp. infantis strains capable of growth on HMOs and have diverged in B. longum subsp. longum strains that cannot grow on HMOs. These regions contain fucosidases, sialidases, glycosyl hydrolases, ABC transporters, and family 1 solute binding proteins and are likely needed for efficient metabolism of HMOs. Urea metabolism genes and their activity were exclusively conserved in B. longum subsp. infantis. These results imply that the B. longum has at least two distinct subspecies: B. longum subsp. infantis, specialized to utilize milk carbon, and B. longum subsp. longum, specialized for plant-derived carbon metabolism.
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Jena, Rajashree, Prasanta Kumar Choudhury, Anil Kumar Puniya, and Sudhir Kumar Tomar. "Applicability of rpoB Gene for PCR-RFLP based Discrimination of Bifidobacterial Species Isolated from Human and Animal Sources." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.48.
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Bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics for their application in the development of functional food and prophylactic therapy. This has necessitated the development of a molecular approach for the genera to be widely identified up to species and subspecies level. In the current study, PCR-RFLP of the partial RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene fragment was evaluated for differential identification of Bifidobacterium species. The rpoB gene partial sequences of 575 bp were amplified from 93 previously identified isolates collected from various sources of human and animal origin along with 12 standard reference strains. The PCR amplified products were digested with three restriction endonucleases HhaI, HinfI and BanI separately. Dendrograms constructed from the patterns of HhaI, were found to be more discriminatory and successfully differentiated all the twelve species and also at sub-species level in between B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis. However, B. adolescentis and B. pseudocatenulatum group clusters were not separated and represented by one group. The groups were further discriminated by HinfI restriction digestion. A separate combination thereof may be used for inferring the classification of bifidobacterial species targeted on rpoB PCR-RFLP analysis. To our knowledge, this work is the first report based on use of rpoB PCR-RFLP for discrimination of the isolates of genus Bifidobacterium and also provides insights into specific advantages of this method over hsp60 PCR-RFLP in differentiating B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis.
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Quinn, Erinn M., Helen Slattery, Dan Walsh, Lokesh Joshi, and Rita M. Hickey. "Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 and Goat Milk Oligosaccharides Show Synergism In Vitro as Anti-Infectives against Campylobacter jejuni." Foods 9, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030348.
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Bifidobacteria are known to inhibit, compete with and displace the adhesion of pathogens to human intestinal cells. Previously, we demonstrated that goat milk oligosaccharides (GMO) increased the attachment of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 to intestinal cells in vitro. In this study, we aimed to exploit this effect as a mechanism for inhibiting pathogen association with intestinal cells. We examined the synergistic effect of GMO-treated B. infantis on preventing the attachment of a highly invasive strain of Campylobacter jejuni to intestinal HT-29 cells. The combination decreased the adherence of C. jejuni to the HT-29 cells by an average of 42% compared to the control (non-GMO treated B. infantis). Increasing the incubation time of the GMO with the Bifidobacterium strain resulted in the strain metabolizing the GMO, correlating with a subsequent 104% increase in growth over a 24 h period when compared to the control. Metabolite analysis in the 24 h period also revealed increased production of acetate, lactate, formate and ethanol by GMO-treated B. infantis. Statistically significant changes in the GMO profile were also demonstrated over the 24 h period, indicating that the strain was digesting certain structures within the pool such as lactose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-neohexaose 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose, sialyllacto-N-neotetraose c and disialyllactose. It may be that early exposure to GMO modulates the adhesion of B. infantis while carbohydrate utilisation becomes more important after the bacteria have transiently colonised the host cells in adequate numbers. This study builds a strong case for the use of synbiotics that incorporate oligosaccharides sourced from goat′s milk and probiotic bifidobacteria in functional foods, particularly considering the growing popularity of formulas based on goat milk.
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Manzano, S., J. De Andrés, I. Castro, J. M. Rodríguez, E. Jiménez, and I. Espinosa-Martos. "Safety and tolerance of three probiotic strains in healthy infants: a multi-centre randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Beneficial Microbes 8, no. 4 (August 24, 2017): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2017.0009.
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Some strains of species belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are used in order to maintain health. Although these organisms have a long record of safe use, it is important to assess their safety and tolerance in potentially vulnerable populations, such as infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of three probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis R0033, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052) in healthy infants aged 3 to 12 months. A multi-centre randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study with 221 healthy full-term infants was conducted. Infants received either a placebo or one of the 3 probiotic strains (3×109 cfu) daily during an 8 week intervention period. Growth (weight, height and head circumference), adverse events (AEs)/serious adverse events (SAEs), concentrations of D-lactic acid in urine samples, characteristics of the stools and use of medication were collected for safety evaluation. All 4 groups were homogeneous with respect to age, gender, feeding type, ethnicity, height, weight and head circumference at the start of the study. The results showed that changes in growth (weight, height and head circumference) were equivalent in all 4 groups. No SAEs were reported. Total number of AEs recorded was equivalent in all groups. Thus, the use of B. infantis R0033, L. helveticus R0052 and B. bifidum R0071 in infancy is safe, and well tolerated.
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Lueschow, Shiloh R., Timothy J. Boly, Steven A. Frese, Giorgio Casaburi, Ryan D. Mitchell, Bethany M. Henrick, and Steven J. McElroy. "Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis Strain EVC001 Decreases Neonatal Murine Necrotizing Enterocolitis." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030495.
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease mainly of preterm infants with a 30–50% mortality rate and long-term morbidities for survivors. Treatment strategies are limited and have not improved in decades, prompting research into prevention strategies, particularly with probiotics. Recent work with the probiotic B. infantis EVC001 suggests that this organism may generate a more appropriate microbiome for preterm infants who generally have inappropriate gut colonization and inflammation, both risk factors for NEC. Experimental NEC involving Paneth cell disruption in combination with bacterial dysbiosis or formula feeding was induced in P14-16 C57Bl/6 mice with or without gavaged B. infantis. Following completion of the model, serum, small intestinal tissue, the cecum, and colon were harvested to examine inflammatory cytokines, injury, and the microbiome, respectively. EVC001 treatment significantly decreased NEC in a bacterial dysbiosis dependent model, but this decrease was model-dependent. In the NEC model dependent on formula feeding, no difference in injury was observed, but trending to significant differences was observed in serum cytokines. EVC001 also improved wound closure at six and twelve hours compared to the sham control in intestinal epithelial monolayers. These findings suggest that B. infantis EVC001 can prevent experimental NEC through anti-inflammatory and epithelial barrier restoration properties.
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Ward, Robert E., Milady Ni�onuevo, David A. Mills, Carlito B. Lebrilla, and J. Bruce German. "In Vitro Fermentation of Breast Milk Oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus gasseri." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (June 2006): 4497–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02515-05.
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ABSTRACT It has been proposed that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) function as a prebiotic for bifidobacteria, yet this activity has not been adequately investigated. In this study, Bifidobacterium infantis was shown to ferment purified HMO as a sole carbon source, while another gut commensal, Lactobacillus gasseri, did not ferment HMO. Our results support the hypothesis that HMO selectively amplify bacterial populations in the infant intestine.
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Nogacka, Alicja M., Isabel Cuesta, Miguel Gueimonde, and Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán. "2-Fucosyllactose Metabolism by Bifidobacteria Promotes Lactobacilli Growth in Co-Culture." Microorganisms 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2023): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112659.
Full textAbstract:
Breastfeeding is recognized as the gold standard in infant nutrition, not only because of breastmilk’s intrinsic nutritional benefits but also due to the high content of different bioactive components such as 2-fucosyllactose (2′FL) in the mother’s milk. It promotes the growth of its two major consumers, Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis and Bifidobacterium bifidum, but the effect on other intestinal microorganisms of infant microbiota remains incompletely understood. pH-uncontrolled fecal cultures from infants donors identified as “fast 2′FL -degrader” microbiota phenotype were used for the isolation of 2′FL-associated microorganisms. The use of specific selective agents allowed the successful isolation of B. bifidum IPLA20048 and of Lactobacillus gasseri IPLA20136. The characterization of 2′FL consumption and its moieties has revealed more pronounced growth, pH drop, and lactic acid production after 2′FL consumption when both microorganisms were grown together. The results point to an association between B. bifidum IPLA20048 and L. gasseri IPLA20136 in which L. gasseri is able to use the galactose from the lactose moiety after the hydrolysis of 2′FL by B. bifidum. The additional screening of two groups of bifidobacteria (n = 38), fast and slow degraders of 2′FL, in co-culture with lactobacilli confirmed a potential cross-feeding mechanism based on degradation products released from bifidobacterial 2′FL break-down. Our work suggests that this phenomenon may be widespread among lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the infant gut. More investigation is needed to decipher how the ability to degrade 2′FL and other human milk oligosaccharides could influence the microbiota establishment in neonates and the evolution of the microbiota in adult life.
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Lamendella, Regina, Jorge W. Santo Domingo, Catherine Kelty, and Daniel B. Oerther. "Bifidobacteria in Feces and Environmental Waters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 3 (November 9, 2007): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01221-07.
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ABSTRACT Bifidobacteria have been recommended as potential indicators of human fecal pollution in surface waters even though very little is known about their presence in nonhuman fecal sources. The objective of this research was to shed light on the occurrence and molecular diversity of this fecal indicator group in different animals and environmental waters. Genus- and species-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR assays were used to study the presence of bifidobacteria among 269 fecal DNA extracts from 32 different animals. Twelve samples from three wastewater treatment plants and 34 water samples from two fecally impacted watersheds were also tested. The species-specific assays showed that Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. dentium, and B. catenulatum had the broadest host distribution (11.9 to 17.4%), whereas B. breve, B. infantis, and B. longum were detected in fewer than 3% of all fecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis of 356 bifidobacterial clones obtained from different animal feces showed that ca. 67% of all of the sequences clustered with cultured bifidobacteria, while the rest formed a supercluster with low sequence identity (i.e., <94%) to previously described Bifidobacterium spp. The B. pseudolongum subcluster (>97% similarity) contained 53 fecal sequences from seven different animal hosts, suggesting the cosmopolitan distribution of members of this clade. In contrast, two clades containing B. thermophilum and B. boum clustered exclusively with 37 and 18 pig fecal clones, respectively, suggesting host specificity. Using species-specific assays, bifidobacteria were detected in only two of the surface water DNA extracts, although other fecal anaerobic bacteria were detected in these waters. Overall, the results suggest that the use of bifidobacterial species as potential markers to monitor human fecal pollution in natural waters may be questionable.
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Albarracin, L., R. Komatsu, V. Garcia-Castillo, H. Aso, N. Iwabuchi, J. Z. Xiao, F. Abe, H. Takahashi, J. Villena, and H. Kitazawa. "Deciphering the influence of paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria on the innate antiviral immune response of bovine intestinal epitheliocytes by transcriptomic analysis." Beneficial Microbes 10, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2018.0024.
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Previously, we reported that the non-viable immunomodulatory Bifidobacterium infantis MCC12 and Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 strains (paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria) were able to increase the protection against rotavirus infection in bovine intestinal epithelial (BIE) cells. In order to gain insight into the influence of paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria on the innate antiviral immune response of BIE cells, their effect on the transcriptomic response triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation was investigated. By using microarray technology and qPCR analysis, we obtained a global overview of the immune genes involved in the innate antiviral immune response in BIE cells. Activation of TLR3 by poly(I:C) in BIE cells significantly increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-β, several interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines, and chemokines. It was also observed that both paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria differently modulated immune genes expression in poly(I:C)-challenged BIE cells. Most notable changes were found in genes involved in antiviral defence (IFN-β, MX1, OAS1X, MDA5, TLR3, STAT2, STAT3), cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6), and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL6) that were significantly increased in bifidobacteria-treated BIE cells. B. infantis MCC12 and B. breve MCC1274 showed quantitative and qualitative differences in their capacities to modulate the innate antiviral immune response in BIE cells. B. breve MCC1274 was more efficient than the MCC12 strain to improve the production of type I IFNs and antiviral factors, an effect that could be related to its higher ability to protect against rotavirus replication in BIE cells. Interestingly, B. infantis MCC12 showed a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. The MCC12 strain was more efficient to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-16, IL-20, CX3CL1) when compared with B. breve MCC1274. These results provided valuable information for the deeper understanding of the antiviral immune response of intestinal epithelial cells as well as the host-paraimmunobiotic interaction in the bovine host.
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Melsaether, Cathrine, Diana Høtoft, Anja Wellejus, Gerben D. A. Hermes, and Anders Damholt. "Seeding the Infant Gut in Early Life—Effects of Maternal and Infant Seeding with Probiotics on Strain Transfer, Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Breastfed Infants." Nutrients 15, no. 18 (September 15, 2023): 4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15184000.
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We investigated the effects of two dosing regimens of two multi-strain probiotic products on the gut microbiota of breastfed infants, including the transfer of the dosed strains and clinical outcomes. In forty-seven dyads, infants were either exposed through maternal intake (MS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifin02 from gestational week thirty-three until four weeks after birth (n = 24) or dosed directly (IS) with the same strains except for LA-5 starting within 24 h after birth until day 28 (n = 23). Infant stool samples were collected on day 0, 14, 28, and 42 after birth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by parents using an electronic diary. Microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and strain recovery was analyzed by qPCR. Notably, 100% of the IS infants were colonized with Bifin02 after 14 days as opposed to only 25% of the MS infants. Mean stool frequency was significantly lower in IS infants compared to MS infants and IS infants had softer stools on day 14, 28, and 42. A significantly steeper slope of progression of inconsolable crying and fussing was observed in MS infants compared to IS infants. In conclusion, direct infant seeding induced a faster increase in fecal bifidobacteria abundancy and Bifin02 recovery compared to dosed through the maternal intake.
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Sakanaka, Mikiyasu, Morten Ejby Hansen, Aina Gotoh, Toshihiko Katoh, Keisuke Yoshida, Toshitaka Odamaki, Hiroyuki Yachi, et al. "Evolutionary adaptation in fucosyllactose uptake systems supports bifidobacteria-infant symbiosis." Science Advances 5, no. 8 (August 2019): eaaw7696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw7696.
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The human gut microbiota established during infancy has persistent effects on health. In vitro studies have suggested that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk promote the formation of a bifidobacteria-rich microbiota in infant guts; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we characterized two functionally distinct but overlapping fucosyllactose transporters (FL transporter-1 and -2) from Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis. Fecal DNA and HMO consumption analyses, combined with deposited metagenome data mining, revealed that FL transporter-2 is primarily associated with the bifidobacteria-rich microbiota formation in breast-fed infant guts. Structural analyses of the solute-binding protein (SBP) of FL transporter-2 complexed with 2′-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, together with phylogenetic analysis of SBP homologs of both FL transporters, highlight a unique adaptation strategy of Bifidobacterium to HMOs, in which the gain-of-function mutations enable FL transporter-2 to efficiently capture major fucosylated HMOs. Our results provide a molecular insight into HMO-mediated symbiosis and coevolution between bifidobacteria and humans.
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Ding, Mengfan, Haiqin Chen, Renqiang Yu, Reynolds Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Hao Zhang, Bo Yang, and Wei Chen. "Shared and Non-Shared sIgA-Coated and -Uncoated Bacteria in Intestine of Mother–Infant Pairs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 9873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179873.
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The infant gut microbiota is critical for promoting and maintaining early-life health. The study aimed to analyze the composition of sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacterial communities at genus level and lactobacilli and bifidobacterial communities at species level in human breast milk (HBM) and infant and maternal feces. Eleven pregnant women were recruited successfully. HBM; infant feces during colostrum, transition, and mature stages; and maternal feces within the mature stage were collected. sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria were separated with magnetic-activated cell sorting. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing, bifidobacterial groEL gene sequencing, and lactobacilli groEL gene sequencing were performed to analyze the bacterial community. PCoA revealed that the compositions of sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria were different among HBM and infant and maternal feces. Higher relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated Bifidobacterium was found in the three lactation stages in infant feces compared to the corresponding HBM, and a higher relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated Faecalibacterium was found in maternal feces compared to HBM and infant feces. For bifidobacterial community, sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated B. longum subsp. infantis and B. pseudocatenulatum was dominant in infant feces and maternal feces, respectively. The relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated B. longum subsp. infantis was significantly higher in infant feces compared to that in maternal feces. For the Lactobacillus community, L. paragasseri and L. mucosae were dominant in infant and maternal feces, respectively. HBM and infant and maternal feces showed distinct diversity and composition of both sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria at genus level. Infant and maternal feces showed similar composition of Bifidobacterium at species level. The same Bifidobacterium species could be detected both in sIgA-coated and -uncoated form. This article provided deeper understanding on the microbiota profile in HBM and infant and maternal feces.
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Musilova, S., N. Modrackova, P. Hermanova, T. Hudcovic, R. Svejstil, V. Rada, V. Tejnecky, and V. Bunesova. "Assessment of the synbiotic properites of human milk oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in vitro and in humanised mice." Beneficial Microbes 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2017): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2016.0138.
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The mode of delivery plays a crucial role in infant gastrointestinal tract colonisation, which in the case of caesarean section is characterised by the presence of clostridia and low bifidobacterial counts. Gut colonisation can be modified by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are infant prebiotics that show a bifidogenic effect. Moreover, genome sequencing of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis within the infant microbiome revealed adaptations for milk utilisation. This study aimed to evaluate the synbiotic effect of B. longum subsp. infantis, HMOs and human milk (HM) both in vitro and in vivo (in a humanised mouse model) in the presence of faecal microbiota from infants born by caesarean section. The combination of B. longum and HMOs or HM reduced the clostridia and G-bacteria counts both in vitro and in vivo. The bifidobacterial population in vitro significantly increased and produce high concentrations of acetate and lactate. In vitro competition assays confirmed that the tested bifidobacterial strain is a potential probiotic for infants and, together with HMOs or HM, acts as a synbiotic. It is also able to inhibit potentially pathogenic bacteria. The synbiotic effects identified in vitro were not observed in vivo. However, there was a significant reduction in clostridia counts in both experimental animal groups (HMOs + B. longum and HM + B. longum), and a specific immune response via increased interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 production. Animal models do not perfectly mimic human conditions; however, they are essential for testing the safety of functional foods.
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Fortmann, Ingmar, Janina Marißen, Bastian Siller, Juliane Spiegler, Alexander Humberg, Kathrin Hanke, Kirstin Faust, et al. "Lactobacillus Acidophilus/Bifidobacterium Infantis Probiotics Are Beneficial to Extremely Low Gestational Age Infants Fed Human Milk." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 22, 2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030850.
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Objective: To evaluate the nutrition-related effects of prophylactic Lactobacillus acidophilus/Bifidobacterium infantis probiotics on the outcomes of preterm infants <29 weeks of gestation that receive human milk and/or formula nutrition. We hypothesize that human-milk-fed infants benefit from probiotics in terms of sepsis prevention and growth. Methods: We performed an observational study of the German Neonatal Network (GNN) over a period of six years, between 1 January, 2013 and 31 December, 2018. Prophylactic probiotic use of L. acidophilus/B. infantis was evaluated in preterm infants <29 weeks of gestation (n = 7516) in subgroups stratified to feeding type: (I) Exclusively human milk (HM) of own mother and/or donors (HM group, n = 1568), (II) HM of own mother and/or donor and formula (Mix group, n = 5221), and (III) exclusive exposure to formula (F group, n = 727). The effect of probiotics on general outcomes and growth was tested in univariate models and adjusted in linear/logistic regression models. Results: 5954 (76.5%) infants received L. acidophilus/B. infantis prophylactically for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Probiotic use was associated with improved growth measures in the HM group (e.g., weight gain velocity in g/day: effect size B = 0.224; 95% CI: 2.82–4.35; p < 0.001) but not in the F group (effect size B = −0.06; 95% CI: −3.05–0.28; p = 0.103). The HM group had the lowest incidence of clinical sepsis (34.0%) as compared to the Mix group (35.5%) and the F group (40.0%). Only in the Mix group, probiotic supplementation proved to be protective against clinical sepsis (OR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.59–0.79; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our observational data indicate that the exposure to L. acidophilus/B. infantis probiotics may promote growth in exclusively HM-fed infants as compared to formula-fed infants. To exert a sepsis-preventive effect, probiotics seem to require human milk.
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Đỗ Thị, Mến, Tuyết Lan Ninh Thị, Lệ Phạm Thị, Tuấn Trần Văn, and Minh Huyền Nguyễn Thị. "Phân lập và định danh Bifidobacterium spp. từ đường tiêu hóa của trẻ sơ sinh." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.654.
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Là một trong những vi khuẩn probiotic, Bifidobacterium được sử dung để bổ sung vào thực phẩm trong công nghiệp thực phẩm như sữa và sữa chua. Những ảnh hưởng tốt của các vi khuẩn này đến sức khỏe con người đã được công bố. Tuy nhiên, ở Việt Nam, việc bổ sung những vi khuẩn này làm nguồn probiotic trong thực phẩm chưa được chú trọng trong ngành công nghiệp thực phẩm. Trong thí nghiệm này, Bifidobacterium được phân lập từ phân của trẻ bảy ngày tuổi chỉ bú sữa mẹ. Vi khuẩn phân lập được từ đường ruột của một trẻ 7 ngày tuổi tại Việt Nam là Bifidobacterium infantis (B. Infantis gần nhất là Bifidobacterium longum phân loài infantis chủng Bi-26, trình tự trên ngân hàng gene là CP054425.1). Các kỹ thuật được sử dụng để xác định các vi khuẩn này là MALDI Biotyper, PCR, và đọc trình tự gene. Thí nghiệm này là tiền đề cho các nghiên cứu tiếp theo để xác định đặc tính của các vi khuẩn này cho các ứng dụng vào cuộc sống con người.
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Zhang, Gongsheng, Hui Sun, Zihe Xu, Ze Tan, Lihong Xiao, Mingxue He, Jiaqi Shang, Anna N. Tsapieva, and Lili Zhang. "Screening of Bifidobacteria with Probiotic Potential from Healthy Infant Feces by Using 2′-Fucosyllactose." Foods 12, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040858.
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Using 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) as the sole carbon source can be an efficient way to screen bifidobacteria with superior probiotic capabilities since 2′-FL is a key element in promoting the growth of intestinal bifidobacteria in newborns. This approach was used in this work to screen eight bifidobacteria strains, including one strain of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis BI_Y46 and seven strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB_Y10, BB_Y30, BB_Y39, BB_S40, BB_H4, BB_H5 and BB_H22). Studies on their probiotic properties showed that BI_Y46 had a unique morphology with pilus-like structure, a high resistance to bile salt stimulation and a potent inhibitory action on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Similarly, BB_H5 and BB_H22 produced more extracellular polysaccharides and had a higher protein content than other strains. In contrast, BB_Y22 displayed considerable auto-aggregation activity and a high resistance to bile salt stimulation. Interestingly, BB_Y39 with weak self-aggregation ability and acid resistance had very excellent bile salt tolerance, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production and bacteriostatic ability. In conclusion, 2′-FL was used as sole carbon source to identify eight bifidobacteria with excellent probiotic properties.