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Cuevas-Sierra, Amanda, Fermín I. Milagro, Paula Aranaz, Jose Alfredo Martínez, and José I. Riezu-Boj. "Gut Microbiota Differences According to Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in a Spanish Population." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082710.
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Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption could affect gut microbiota diversity and profile. We aimed to evaluate the effects of UPFs on microbiota, considering the role of sex. The consumption of UPFs (using NOVA criteria) was assessed with a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Participants (n = 359) were classified into less than three servings per day (n = 96) of UPFs and more than five (n = 90). Women and men were subclassified following the same criteria. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed from DNA fecal samples, and differences in microbiota were analyzed using EdgeR. The relationship between UPFs and bacteria was assessed by Spearman correlation and comparison of tertiles of consumption. Women who consumed more than five servings/day of UPFs presented an increase in Acidaminococcus, Butyrivibrio, Gemmiger, Shigella, Anaerofilum, Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales and Actinobacteria and a decrease in Melainabacter and Lachnospira. Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriales and Actinobacteria was positively associated with pizza and Actinobacteria with industrially processed dairy in women. Men who consumed more than five servings/day presented an increase of Granulicatella, Blautia, Carnobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Bacteroidia and Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Anaerostipes and Clostridiaceae. Bacteroidia and Bacteroidetes correlated positively with industrially processed meat. This study suggests that UPFs may affect microbiota composition differently in women and men.
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Akagawa, Shohei, Yuko Akagawa, Sohsaku Yamanouchi, Yoshiki Teramoto, Masahiro Yasuda, Sadayuki Fujishiro, Jiro Kino, et al. "Association of Neonatal Jaundice with Gut Dysbiosis Characterized by Decreased Bifidobacteriales." Metabolites 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120887.
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Neonatal jaundice, caused by excess serum bilirubin levels, is a common condition in neonates. Imbalance in the gut microbiota is believed to play a role in the development of neonatal jaundice. Thus, we aimed to reveal the gut microbiota characteristics in neonates with jaundice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples collected on day 4 from 26 neonates with jaundice (serum total bilirubin > 15.0 mg/dL) and 17 neonates without jaundice (total serum bilirubin < 10.0 mg/dL). All neonates were born full term, with normal weight, by vaginal delivery, and were breastfed. Neonates who were administered antibiotics, had serum direct bilirubin levels above 1 mg/dL, or had conditions possibly leading to hemolytic anemia were excluded. The median serum bilirubin was 16.0 mg/dL (interquartile range: 15.5–16.8) and 7.4 mg/dL (interquartile range: 6.8–8.3) for the jaundice and non-jaundice groups, respectively. There was no difference in the alpha diversity indices. Meanwhile, in the jaundice group, linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that Bifidobacteriales were decreased at the order level, while Enterococcaceae were increased and Bifidobacteriaceae were decreased at the family level. Bifidobacteriaceae may act preventatively because of their suppressive effect on beta-glucuronidase, leading to accelerated deconjugation of conjugated bilirubin in the intestine. In summary, neonates with jaundice had dysbiosis characterized by a decreased abundance of Bifidobacteriales.
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Wang, Qi, Huajie Dai, Tianzhichao Hou, Yanan Hou, Tiange Wang, Hong Lin, Zhiyun Zhao, et al. "Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study." Journal of Stroke 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5853/jos.2023.00381.
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Background and Purpose We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites.Results Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family, <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all <i>P</i><0.044). The causal associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all <i>P</i><0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (<i>P</i>=0.028) and 4.6% (<i>P</i>=0.033); the association between <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (<i>P</i>=0.019), 4.2% (<i>P</i>=0.035), and 9.1% (<i>P</i>=0.013), respectively.Conclusion The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.
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Yudina, Julia V., Alfiia I. Aminova, Andrey P. Prodeus, and Anatoly A. Korsunskiy. "Changes in Intestinal Microbiota Composition in 1–5 Years Old Children with Atopic Dermatitis: Cross Sectional Study." Pediatric pharmacology 18, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v18i5.2294.
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Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) arouses high research interest these days due to its significant morbidity rate. The most crucial risk factor for its development is the intestinal microbiota composition. The correlation of this factor with the development of AD in children requires further study.Objective. The aim of the study is to perform comparative analysis of the intestinal microbiota in 1–5 years old children with AD and conditionally healthy children via 16S-sequencing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of bacterial genes.Methods. We have conducted cross sectional study. 60 children with diagnosed AD and 15 conditionally healthy children aged from 1 to 5 years were surveyed. Intestinal microbiota was examined via 16S-sequencing of rRNA of bacterial genes.Results. The intestinal microbiota in children with AD and conditionally healthy children has statistically significant differences. Despite the absence of significant differences in species richness of compared groups, children with AD had the elevation in the metagenome of Proteobacteria; Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria classes; Enterococcaceae and Veillonellaceae families; Eggerthella, Dialister and Enterobacter genus; as well as the decrease in the relative value of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia; Bacteroidales and Bifidobacteriales orders; Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae families; Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides genus; decrease of Bifidobacterium longum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis.Conclusion. It was revealed that the intestinal microbiota of children with AD has significant differences in taxonomic composition with the microbiota of conditionally healthy children. Elevation of Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria classes, Eggerthella, Dialister and Enterobacter genus can be the risk factor for this disease development, whereas decrease of such bacteria as Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidales and Bifidobacteriales can aggravate atopic symptoms. Thus, the need for further study of intestinal microbiota in children with AD is justified to establish the correlation of these bacteria with the disease course.
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Uchida, Kenji, Kenichi Iida, Ikumi Fujioka, Satoshi Hachimura, and Osamu Kaminuma. "Suppressive Effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 on a Murine Model of Japanese Cedar Pollinosis." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111347.
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Accumulating evidence suggests that Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 isolated from kefir has the potential to alleviate allergic responses. Herein, we investigated the effect of YRC3780 on a murine model of Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP). BALB/c mice immunized with cedar pollen extract (CPE) exhibited an increase in serum immunoglobulin E and developed nasal inflammatory responses including sneezing, nasal hyperresponsiveness, and nasal eosinophil accumulation upon intranasal allergen challenge. These responses were suppressed by the oral administration of YRC3780, although the effects on CPE-induced sneezing response and eosinophil infiltration were not statistically significant. Total fecal microbiota diversity was not affected by allergen immunization and challenge or by YRC3780 administration. However, the abundances of Bifidobacteriales, Veillonellaceae, Lactococcus, and Lactococcus lactis were larger and that of Bacteroides was smaller in YRC3780-treated mice compared with those in CPE-challenged and YRC3780-untreated mice. Our findings suggest the usefulness of YRC3780 for alleviating JCP.
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Geng, Ningning, Ying Li, Yan Zhang, Hongjuan Wang, Jiangfeng Song, Lijun Yu, and Caie Wu. "Effects of Modified Dietary Fiber from Fresh Corn Bracts on Obesity and Intestinal Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet Mice." Molecules 28, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 4949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134949.
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The effects of insoluble dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts modified by dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization (DHPM) on the pathological characteristics of obesity, intestinal microflora distribution and production of short-chain fatty acids in high-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice were evaluated. The results show that the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts significantly reduces weight gain, insulin resistance and oxidative damage caused by a high-fat diet, and promotes the production of SCFAs, especially acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. These modified dietary fibers also change the proportion of different types of bacteria in the intestinal microflora of mice, reduce the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota and promote the proliferation of Bifidobacteriales. Therefore, the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts can be used as a good intestinal microbiota regulator to promote intestinal health, thereby achieving the role of preventing and treating obesity.
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Zhuang, Huiren, Nan Jing, Luoyang Wang, Guoqiang Jiang, and Zheng Liu. "Jujube Powder Enhances Cyclophosphamide Efficiency against Murine Colon Cancer by Enriching CD8+ T Cells While Inhibiting Eosinophilia." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082700.
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Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is widely applied in cancer treatment. However, the outcome is often compromised by lymphopenia, myelosuppression, and gut dysbiosis. Here, we used jujube powder to enhance CTX efficiency through nurturing gut microbiota in order to facilitate favorable metabolisms. It was observed that the oral administration of jujube powder enriched CD8+ T cells in mouse MC38 colon tumor microenvironment and increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the abundance of Bifidobacteriales, which is helpful to the production of butyrate in the cecum content. The application of jujube powder also stimulated the production of white blood cells, especially CD8+ T cells in peripheral and bone marrow, while inhibiting the growth of eosinophils in peripheral blood and the production of IL-7 and GM-CSF in serum. All these are conductive to the significant inhibition of the tumor growth, suggesting the high potential of nurturing gut microbiota with natural products for improving the efficiency of chemotherapy.
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Kusumaningrum, Tina, Wisnu Tafroji, Septiani Madonna Gultom, Nina Dwi Putri, Cut Nurul Hafifah, and Dodi Safari. "Gut Microbiota Profile of Infants with Breastfeeding and Mixed Feeding Patterns." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 31, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.3.530-538.
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We explore the gut microbiota profiles of 103 stool samples collected from infants at the age of 4 and 6 months in Jakarta, Indonesia. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing with Illumina MiSeq to identify the diversity, structure, and composition of the gut microbiota from those stool samples. Among 103 stool samples, 55 and 48 samples were collected from infants with breastfeeding and mixed feeding patterns, respectively. We found that the most abundant bacteria were Bifidobacteriales from the phylum of Actinobacteria (43.05%), Lactobacillales from the phylum of Firmicutes (28.39%), and Enterobacterales from the phylum of Proteobacteria (13.75%). The alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that the association between feeding patterns and differences in the microbial communities was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). Our study did not show a difference in the gut microbiota pattern between the two feeding pattern groups. This result contributed to the variety of the world gut microbiota profile data in infants.
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Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Jacopo Troisi, Gloria Serena, Alessio Fasano, Riccardo Dalle Grave, Giammarco Cascino, Francesca Marciello, et al. "The Gut Microbiome and Metabolomics Profiles of Restricting and Binge-Purging Type Anorexia Nervosa." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020507.
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Alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites have been detected in anorexia nervosa (AN), but differences in those profiles between restricting AN (ANR) and binge-purging AN (ANBP) type have not been explored. We made a secondary analysis of our previous data concerning microbiome and metabolomics profiles of 17 ANR women, six ANBP women and 20 healthy controls (HC). Twelve fecal metabolites differentiating ANR patients, ANBP patients and HC were identified. Both patient groups showed decreased intra-individual bacterial richness with respect to healthy controls (HC). Compared to ANR subjects, ANBP patients had a significant increase in relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriales, and Eubacteriacae and a significant decrease in relative abundances of Odoribacter, Haemophilus, Pasteurellaceae, and Pasteurellales. The heatmaps of the relationships of selected fecal metabolites with microbial families showed different structures among the three groups, with the heatmap of ANBP patients being drastically different from that of HC, while that of ANR patients resulted more similar to HC. These findings, although preliminary because of the relatively small sample size, confirm the occurrence of different gut dysbiosis in ANR and ANBP and demonstrate different connections between gut microorganisms and fecal metabolites in the two AN types.
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Yang, Lina, Yafan Zhao, Jinghang Huang, Hongyun Zhang, Qian Lin, Lin Han, Jie Liu, Jing Wang, and He Liu. "Insoluble dietary fiber from soy hulls regulates the gut microbiota in vitro and increases the abundance of bifidobacteriales and lactobacillales." Journal of Food Science and Technology 57, no. 1 (August 23, 2019): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04041-9.
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Nikonov, I. N., L. A. Il'ina, I. I. Kochish, M. N. Romanov, L. I. Podobed, G. Yu Laptev, A. N. Panin, V. I. Smolenskij, and P. F. Suraj. "Изменение микробиоты кишечника кур в онтогенезе." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_150.
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<p>This paper presents the results of a molecular genetic analysis of the changes in the composition of the microbiota of the blind processes of the intestine of the hens of the industrial loam "Lohmann Brown" during ontogeny. According to the results of the analysis of taxonomic affiliation it is established that over 70% of the phylotypes belong to the three phylums - Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, less represented were Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Fusobacteria, and a significant number of unidentified bacteria was detected. During ontogenesis, birds exhibited marked changes in the ratio of the number of phylotypes and taxonomic groups of the intestinal microbiota. At the age of 20-40 weeks, the birds showed a significant increase in the representatives of the Clostridia class involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, acid-utilizing bacteria of the order Negativicutes and bacteria with high antagonistic properties (Bifidobacteriales, Bacillus), as well as a significant decrease in the content of a number of opportunistic and pathogenic taxa - family Enterobacteriaceae, the order of Pseudomonadales, phylum Tenericutes. The greatest homogeneity of the bacterial community of the blind processes of the gastrointestinal tract in laying hens was revealed at the age of 20 weeks, which is confirmed by the estimation of biodiversity by means of ecological indices. </p>
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Cui, Yiyan, Zhichang Liu, Dun Deng, Zhimei Tian, Min Song, Yusheng Lu, Miao Yu, and Xianyong Ma. "Influence of Fermented Mulberry Leaves as an Alternative Animal Feed Source on Product Performance and Gut Microbiome in Pigs." Fermentation 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2024): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10040215.
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Mulberry leaves are rich in nutrients but contain anti-nutrient factors that hinder their digestion and absorption. Feeding animals with mulberry leaves directly could harm their health. The microbial fermentation of mulberry leaves could reduce their anti-nutritional factors’ content and improve their nutritional value. Sequencing and analyzing mulberry leaves before and after fermentation showed that fermentation increased the relative abundance of Pediococcus, Bradyrhizobium, Hydrotalea, and Rhodanobacteria, and decreased that of Enterobacter. Fermentation improved the quality of mulberry leaves by rebuilding the bacterial community. Finishing pigs were raised on fermented mulberry leaves (FML), and their carcass performance, meat quality, economic benefits, and gut microbiome were evaluated. FML had no negative impact on pig carcass performance, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity, and could somewhat improve the economic benefits. FML decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the colon and Streptococcus in the feces, and increased that of Actinobacteria (cecum, colon, feces) and Prevotella (colon). The gut core microorganisms in the FML group were mainly enriched with Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriales, and other beneficial microorganisms. Dietary FML reduced ammonia, indole, and skatole contents in the feces. In conclusion, FML reshaped the gut microbiota without negatively affecting pig product performance, produced cleaner waste, and improved environmental protection and sustainability, making it an attractive prospective feed for pigs.
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Rolinec, Michal, Juraj Medo, Michal Gábor, Martina Miluchová, Daniel Bíro, Milan Šimko, Miroslav Juráček, Ondrej Hanušovský, Zuzana Schubertová, and Branislav Gálik. "The Effect of Coconut Oil Addition to Feed of Pigs on Rectal Microbial Diversity and Bacterial Abundance." Animals 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101764.
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Coconut oil has a high content of lauric acid, which has selective antibacterial activity. This study aimed to explore the effect of coconut oil ingestion on the gastrointestinal microbiomes of pigs. A 14-day-long feeding experiment included 19 pigs in two groups (9 on a normal diet and 10 on a diet supplemented with coconut oil). At the start and end of the experiment, a rectal swab sample was taken from each pig in both groups, and total bacterial DNA was extracted. We used 16S rRNA high-throughput amplicon sequencing to evaluate the microbiome changes during the feeding experiment. A total of 446 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the whole sample set. Shannon’s indices of bacterial diversity did not change significantly during the experiment. Changes in the bacterial community during the study period and in response to the coconut oil treatment were highly significant (p < 0.001). During the study, an increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus was detected in the group treated with coconut oil. An increase in Alloprevotella, Bifidobacteriales, and Lactobacillales and a decrease in Corynebacterium, Mitsuokella, Psychrobacter, and Pseudomonadales were attributed to the coconut oil treatment. Although the addition of coconut oil to pig feed did not affect Shannon’s index of diversity, it had a positive effect on the abundance of bacterial groups that are considered to be commensal and/or probiotic.
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Strassert, Jürgen F. H., Aram Mikaelyan, Tanja Woyke, and Andreas Brune. "Genome analysis of ‘Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae’, first representative of a deep-branching clade of Bifidobacteriales , strengthens evidence for convergent evolution in flagellate endosymbionts." Environmental Microbiology Reports 8, no. 5 (September 7, 2016): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12451.
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Shen, Rui, Lixin Ke, Qiao Li, Xi Dang, Shunli Shen, Jianming Shen, Shaoqiang Li, et al. "Abnormal bile acid-microbiota crosstalk promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma." Hepatology International 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-022-10299-7.
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Abstract Background Gut microbiota and microbe-derived metabolites are involved in the development of HCC. Bile acids (BAs) are the most important gut microbiota-modulated endogenous signaling molecules. Methods We tested serum bile acid levels and gut microbiome compositions in patients with HCC, chemical-induced HCC mouse models (DEN-HCC mice) and mouse orthotopic implanted liver tumor models with vancomycin treatment (vancomycin-treated mice). Then, we screened an important kind of HCC-related BAs, and verified its effect on the growth of HCC in vivo and in vitro. Results We found that the remarkably decreasing percentages of serum secondary BAs in the total bile acids of patients and DEN-HCC mice, especially, conjugated deoxycholic acids (DCA). The relative abundance of the bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-rich bacteria (Bifidobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiales) was decreased in the feces of patients and DEN-HCC mice. Then, in vancomycin-treated mice, vancomycin treatment induced a reduction in the BSH-rich bacteria and promoted the growth of liver tumors. Similarly, the percentage of conjugated DCA after vancomycin treatment was significantly declined. We used a kind of conjugated DCA, Glyco-deoxycholic acid (GDCA), and found that GDCA remarkably inhibited the growth of HCC in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions We conclude that the remarkably decreasing percentages of serum conjugated DCA may be closely associated with HCC, which may be induced by the reducing gut BSH-rich bacteria. The mechanisms may be correlated with conjugated DCA directly inhibiting the growth and migration of HCC cells.
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Chen, Jing, Yuying Yang, Ningning Yu, Wanxiao Sun, Yuanyuan Yang, and Mei Zhao. "Relationship between gut microbiome characteristics and the effect of nutritional therapy on glycemic control in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): e0267045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267045.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the characteristics of gut microbiome and the effect of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on glycemic control in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Seventy-four pregnant women newly diagnosed with GDM received MNT for one-week. The effect of glycemic control was evaluated by fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; and stool samples of pregnant women were collected to detect the gut microbiome before and after MNT. We used a nested case-control study design, with pregnant women with GDM who did not meet glycemic standards after MNT as the ineffective group and those with an age difference of ≤5 years, matched for pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) 1:1, and meeting glycemic control criteria as the effective group. Comparison of the gut microbiome characteristics before MNT showed that the ineffective group was enriched in Desulfovibrio, Aeromonadales, Leuconostocaceae, Weissella, Prevotella, Bacillales_Incertae Sedis XI, Gemella and Bacillales, while the effective group was enriched in Roseburia, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Holdemania and Proteus. After treatment, the effective group was enriched in Bifidobacterium and Actinomycete, while the ineffective group was enriched in Holdemania, Proteus, Carnobacteriaceae and Granulicatella. In conclusion, the decrease in the abundance of characteristic gut microbiome positively correlated with blood glucose may be a factor influencing the poor hypoglycemic effect of MNT in pregnant women with GDM. Abundance of more characteristic gut microbiome negatively correlated with blood glucose could help control blood glucose in pregnant women with GDM.
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Elkomy, Hassan S., Ivan I. Kochish, Olga V. Myasnikova, and Elena А. Prosekova. "Microflora and histostructure of the intestine of laying hens under the influence of prebiotic “Butifour F”." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 5, no. 102 (2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202205002.
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The aim of the research is to study the effect of a prebiotic (Butifour F) on the microflora of chickens’ caecum and the histostructure of the jejunum and proximal portion of the caecum in laying hens of the Lohmann Brown cross. To solve this problem in the conditions of the vivarium of the International Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Poultry Genomics, Department of Animal Hygiene and Poultry A. K. Danilova, MVA by K. I. Skryabin, this experiment was carried out. The diet of laying hens of the experimental groups differed from the control one by introducing a prebiotic (Butifour F) at dosages of 500 g/t, 750 g/t and 1000 g/t of feed, respectively. It was found that birds of the 2nd and 3rd treatment group (TG), the proportion of phylum Actinobacteria significantly increased by 255,6 и 172,2 %, respectively, including bacteria of the order Bifidobacteriales – by 2.7 and 1.13 times. The feed additive contributed to an increase in the number of the Lactobacillaceae family by 2,4 и 1,9 times and reduced the total amount of pathogenic and undesirable microflora by 44 and 34%. In the jejunum, there is no effect of the drug on morphometric parameters, and in the proximal part of the caecum in chickens 1st and 2nd TG, an increase in the layer of villi by 35.8% and 28.7% (P≤0.001) was noted. Also, in the studied parts of the intestines of experimental birds, a high preservation of the epithelial lining and a better development of the lymphoid tissue are visible. Thus, the drug used contributes to the normalization of the intestinal microflora and has a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.
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Wang, Xiaojing, Tong Wang, Qian Zhang, Li Xu, and Xinhua Xiao. "Dietary Supplementation with Inulin Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetes." International Journal of Endocrinology 2021 (June 29, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5579369.
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Aims. Accumulating evidence indicates gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in metabolic disorders, including prediabetes. The prebiotic inulin has been frequently reported to exert beneficial effects on the host metabolism. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with inulin modulates gut microbiota structure in prediabetes, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods. We performed a prospective single-arm study. A total of 49 subjects with prediabetes (WHO 1999 criteria) were voluntarily enrolled. Each subject received a daily supplement with 15 g of inulin for 6 months. Glucose and lipid metabolic parameters and gut microbiota were analyzed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after inulin intervention. Intestinal microbiota profile was evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq platform based on V3-V4 bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Results. The mean age of 49 subjects was 56.6 ± 6.9 years and BMI was 25.07 ± 3.02 kg/m2. After 24 weeks of prevention, inulin significantly decreased fasting insulin (2.38 ± 0.50 vs. 2.22 ± 0.62, P = 0.03 ) and 2-hour post-OGTT insulin (4.01 ± 0.77 vs. 3.74 ± 0.76, P = 0.02 ) and improved HOMA-IR (1.05 ± 0.53 vs. 0.85 ± 0.66, P = 0.03 ). Gut microbiota analysis indicated that inulin supplement resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Anaerostipes both at 3 and 6 months, while with a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes. Spearman correlation analysis revealed altered microbial community was associated with glucose and lipids metabolic parameters. Conclusions. Inulin supplementation improves insulin resistance of prediabetes and exerts beneficial effects on modulating the intestinal microbiota composition. These findings suggest that insulin may be a potentially novel and inexpensive intervention for prediabetes.
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Eisenhauer, Laura, Wilfried Vahjen, Temesgen Dadi, Barbara Kohn, and Jürgen Zentek. "Effects of Brewer’s spent grain and carrot pomace on digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal and urinary metabolites in dogs fed low- or high-protein diets1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 10 (August 16, 2019): 4124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz264.
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Abstract Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and carrot pomace (CAP) were used as fiber sources in low- or high-protein diets in dogs. Ten adult Beagles were involved in 5 feeding periods of 19 d in a cross-over design. Experimental diets contained 7.5% of total dietary fiber (TDF) from BSG or CAP and 20% or 40% of crude protein in dry matter. A diet with 3.5% TDF from both fiber sources and 20% crude protein was used as reference. Fecal dry matter was 27% higher for diets with BSG compared to CAP (P < 0.001). Apparent fecal digestibility of crude protein was 7% to 11% higher in diets with 40% protein concentration (P < 0.001), while apparent digestibility of crude fat was 2% to 3% higher for diets with CAP (P < 0.001). Carrot pomace increased the apparent fecal digestibility of TDF, phosphorus, and magnesium (P < 0.001), while 40% protein diets had a positive impact on TDF and sodium and a negative effect on magnesium apparent fecal digestibility (P < 0.001). Inclusion of CAP increased fecal short-chain fatty acids (P = 0.010), mainly acetate (P = 0.001). i-butyrate (P = 0.001), i-valerate (P = 0.002), biogenic amines (P < 0.001), and ammonium (P < 0.001) increased with higher dietary protein levels. Diet-induced changes in the fecal microbiome were moderate. Relative abundance of Bifidobacteriales was higher for the low-protein diets (P = 0.001). To conclude, BSG and CAP can be used as fiber sources in canine diets and are well tolerated even at higher inclusion rates, the effect on microbial protein fermentation seems to be limited compared to the dietary protein level.
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Gorlov, Ivan F., Zoya B. Komarova, Marina I. Slozhenkina, Alisa V. Rudkovskaya, Aleksandr N. Struk, Elena Y. Anisimova, Natalia V. Kalinina, Evgeniya A. Struk, and Olga Y. Drobyazko. "Productive Performance, Hatching Egg Quality and Health Indices of Hisex Brown Laying Hens Fed Extruded Grain Amaranth." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 37, no. 1 (May 19, 2024): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2024.37.1.14.
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The article presents results proving the feasibility of extruded amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) in feeding breeding laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross (aged 25-45 weeks). Due to improvements in the quality indicators of hatching eggs, such as weight (2.09%; P<0.01), Haugh units (1.07%; P<0.05), and shell thickness strengthened (5.0 µm; P<0.05) to 362 µm, it was possible to increase egg laying intensity by 1.81%, hatching egg yield by 2.20%, and hatching of chickens by 1.33% with the addition of 5% extruded grain to the diet structure. In the test group, there was an 11.66% (P<0.05) reduction in cholesterol in the yolk of eggs. The test group's hemoglobin concentration rose by 4.16% (P<0.05) in comparison to the control group's blood, while the test group's lymphocyte and segmented neutrophil levels decreased by 1.65% (P<0.05) and 1.93% (P<0.05), respectively. These results demonstrated the high efficacy of the feed under investigation in preserving the immune status of breeding chickens during the first productivity phase. The chicken body exhibited a high level of antioxidant activity as evidenced by the rise in superoxide dismutase activity by 8.85% (P<0.05), the total amount of antioxidants by 21.66% (P<0.01), and the decrease in malonaldehyde by 13.52% (P<0.05) in the test group. Analysis of the microbiome of the cecum in the colon revealed an increase in bacteria of Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillales by 46.93 (P<0.01) and 25.54% (P<0.01), as well as a rise in Ruminococcaceae by 15.87% (P<0.01), in the test group compared with the control group.
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Sen, Arnab, Vincent Daubin, Danis Abrouk, Isaac Gifford, Alison M. Berry, and Philippe Normand. "Phylogeny of the class Actinobacteria revisited in the light of complete genomes. The orders ‘Frankiales’ and Micrococcales should be split into coherent entities: proposal of Frankiales ord. nov., Geodermatophilales ord. nov., Acidothermales ord. nov. and Nakamurellales ord. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_11 (November 1, 2014): 3821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.063966-0.
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The phylogeny of the class Actinobacteria remains controversial, essentially because it is very sensitive to the choice of dataset and phylogenetic methods. We used a test proposed recently, based on complete genome data, which chooses among candidate species phylogenies based on the number of lateral gene transfers (LGT) needed to explain the diversity of histories among gene trees for a set of genomes. We used 100 completely sequenced genomes representing 35 families and 17 orders of the class Actinobacteria and evaluated eight different hypotheses for their phylogeny, including one based on a concatenate of 54 conserved proteins present in single copy in all these genomes, trees based on 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences or their concatenation, and a tree based on the concatenation of MLSA genes (encoding AtpI, GyrA, FtsZ, SecA and DnaK). We used Prunier to infer the number of LGT in 579 proteins (different from those used to build the concatenated tree) present in at least 70 species, using the different hypothetical species trees as references. The best tree, with the lowest number of lateral transfers, was the one based on the concatenation of 54 proteins. In that tree, the orders Bifidobacteriales , Coriobacteriales , ‘Coryneb acteriales’, ‘Micromonosporales’, ‘Propionibacteriales’, ‘Pseudonocardiales’, Streptomycetales and ‘Streptosporangiales’ were recovered while the orders ‘Frankiales’ and Micrococcales were not. It is thus proposed that the order ‘Frankiales’, which has an effectively but not validly published name, be split into Frankiales ord. nov. (type family Frankiaceae ), Geodermatophilales ord. nov. ( Geodermatophilaceae ), Acidothermales ord. nov. ( Acidothermaceae ) and Nakamurellales ord. nov. ( Nakamurellaceae ). The order Micrococcales should also be split into Micrococcales (genera Kocuria , Rothia , Micrococcus , Arthrobacter , Tropheryma , Microbacterium , Leifsonia and Clavibacter ), Cellulomonales ( Beutenbergia , Cellulomonas , Xylanimonas , Jonesia and Sanguibacter ) and Brachybacteriales ( Brachybacterium ) but the formal proposal for this will have to wait until more genomes become available for a significant proportion of strains in this order.
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Duan, Xia, Jingjing Xu, Ping Yang, Xinyuan Liang, Zichun Zeng, Huijuan Luo, Xiaomei Tang, Xin Wu, and Xiaomin Xiao. "The effects of a set amount of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on gut microbiota are diet-dependent in mice and do not cause significant diversity changes." PeerJ 10 (December 2, 2022): e14459. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14459.
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Background Diet and exercise can affect the gut microbiota (GM); however, the effects of the same amount of exercise on gut microbiota changes in people on a low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy are unknown. Do different nutritional conditions respond equally to exercise intervention? This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on the GM in mice fed different diets during pregnancy. Methods Six-week-old nulliparous female KunMing mice were fed either a HFD or LFD before and during pregnancy. Each group of mice were then randomly divided into two groups upon confirmation of pregnancy: sedentary (HFD or LFD; n = 4 and 5, respectively) and exercised (HFDex or LFDex, n = 5 and 6, respectively). Mice were sacrificed on day 19 of gestation and their colon contents were collected. We then performed 16S rDNA gene sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the GM. Results The pregnancy success rate was 60% for LFDex and 100% for HFDex. Both Chao1 and Simpson indices were not significantly different for either LFD vs. LFDex or HFD vs. HFDex. Desulfobacterota, Desulfovibrionia Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfovibrio, Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, and Eggerthellaceae were markedly decreased after exercise intervention in LFDex vs. LFD, whereas Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were significantly increased in LFDex vs. LFD. Furthermore, decreased Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales and Peptostreptococcaceae and increased Bacteroides dorei were identified in the HFDex vs. HFD group. p_Desulfobacterota, c_Desulfovibrionia, o_Desulfovibrionales, f_Desulfovibrionaceae and g_Desulfovibrio were markedly decreased in the LFDex group vs. HFDex group. Conclusions Our data suggested that quantitative maternal exercise during pregnancy resulted in alterations in GM composition, but did not significantly change the diversity of the GM. These findings may have important implications when considering an individual’s overall diet when recommending exercise during pregnancy.
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Zhang, Jianghui, Yuan Wang, Guimei Chen, Hongli Wang, Liang Sun, Dongmei Zhang, Fangbiao Tao, Zhihua Zhang, and Linsheng Yang. "The Associations between Multiple Essential Metal(loid)s and Gut Microbiota in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Nutrients 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15051137.
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Several experimental studies have suggested that individual essential metal(loid)s (EMs) could regulate the gut microbiota. However, human studies assessing the associations between EMs and gut microbiota are limited. This study aimed to examine the associations of individual and multiple EMs with the compositions of the gut microbiota in older adults. A total of 270 Chinese community-dwelling people over 60 years old were included in this study. Urinary concentrations of selected EMs, including vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and molybdenum (Mo), were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The gut microbiome was assessed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The zero-inflated probabilistic principal components analysis PCA (ZIPPCA) model was performed to denoise substantial noise in microbiome data. Linear regression and the Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were utilized to determine the associations between urine EMs and gut microbiota. No significant association between urine EMs and gut microbiota was found in the total sample, whereas some significant associations were found in subgroup analyses: Co was negatively associated with the microbial Shannon (β = −0.072, p < 0.05) and the inverse-Simpson (β = −0.045, p < 0.05) indices among urban older adults; Ca (R2 = 0.035) and Sr (R2 = 0.023) exhibited significant associations with the altercations of beta diversity in females, while V (R2 = 0.095) showed a significant association with altercations of beta diversity in those who often drank. Furthermore, the associations between partial EMs and specific bacterial taxa were also found: the negative and linear associations of Mo with Tenericutes, Sr with Bacteroidales, and Ca with Enterobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and a positive and linear association of Sr with Bifidobacteriales were found. Our findings suggested that EMs may play an important role in maintaining the steady status of gut microbiota. Prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings.
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Colbert, Lauren Elizabeth, Andrea Delgado Medrano, Rebecca A. Previs, Patricia J. Eifel, Anuja Jhingran, Lois M. Ramondetta, Phillip Andrew Futreal, et al. "Association of changes in vaginal microbiome with oligoclonal T-cell expansion and early response to chemoradiation for cervical cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.8.
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8 Background: The composition of the vaginal microbiome has been shown to affect clearance of HPV virus and transformation to invasive cancer. Clinical studies correlating the vaginal microbiome with immune activation and response to cancer treatment are lacking. We profiled intratumoral T-cell clonality during radiation therapy and correlated it with the diversity of the vaginal flora. Methods: Thirty patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced cervical cancer were enrolled on a prospective study to characterize changes in the cervical microbiome during chemoradiation. Cervical samples were obtained before radiation therapy and during the 1st, 3rd, and 5th week of radiation therapy. The vaginal microbiome was characterized using 16 sRNA gene sequencing to produce operational taxonomic units (OTU’s) representing individual bacterial species. Disease response was categorized as early response (ER), late response (LR), or nonresponse (NR) on the basis of clinical examination at brachytherapy and 3-month PET/CT. Twenty patients had T-cell receptor β sequencing of DNA performed using the ImmunoSEQ platform. The maximum productive frequency of the top three clones (MP3) was used to assess T-cell clonality. Results: Early response was associated with clonal T-cell expansion with an increase of MP3 of 11.1% during treatment as compared to a decline of 6.1% in patients with LR/NR (p = 0.05). Early response was also associated with lower quantity of observed OTU’s of vaginal microbiota (25.0 [SD 12.68]) vs patients with LR/NR (41.15 [SD = 23.3]) (p = 0·03). Increased MP3 was associated with increased abundance of Corynebacteriales (R = 0.90; p < .0001) , Actinomycetales (R = 0.83; p < .0001) and Bifidobacteriales (R = 0.82; p < .0001) . Decreased MP3 was associated with increased abundance of lactobacillus (R = -0.61; p < .0001). Conclusions: Increased diversity of the vaginal microbiome is negatively associated with outcome, supporting previous clinical studies in non-cancer settings. Specific vaginal bacterial species are associated with increased or decreased T-cell clonality at completion of radiation.
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Turroni, Francesca, Elena Foroni, Paola Pizzetti, Vanessa Giubellini, Angela Ribbera, Paolo Merusi, Patrizio Cagnasso, et al. "Exploring the Diversity of the Bifidobacterial Population in the Human Intestinal Tract." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 6 (January 23, 2009): 1534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02216-08.
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ABSTRACT Although the health-promoting roles of bifidobacteria are widely accepted, the diversity of bifidobacteria among the human intestinal microbiota is still poorly understood. We performed a census of bifidobacterial populations from human intestinal mucosal and fecal samples by plating them on selective medium, coupled with molecular analysis of selected rRNA gene sequences (16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer [ITS] 16S-23S spacer sequences) of isolated colonies. A total of 900 isolates were collected, of which 704 were shown to belong to bifidobacteria. Analyses showed that the culturable bifidobacterial population from intestinal and fecal samples include six main phylogenetic taxa, i.e., Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, and two species mostly detected in fecal samples, i.e., Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium animalis subp. lactis. Analysis of bifidobacterial distribution based on age of the subject revealed that certain identified bifidobacterial species were exclusively present in the adult human gut microbiota whereas others were found to be widely distributed. We encountered significant intersubject variability and composition differences between fecal and mucosa-adherent bifidobacterial communities. In contrast, a modest diversification of bifidobacterial populations was noticed between different intestinal regions within the same individual (intrasubject variability). Notably, a small number of bifidobacterial isolates were shown to display a wide ecological distribution, thus suggesting that they possess a broad colonization capacity.
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Bottacini, Francesca, Duccio Medini, Angelo Pavesi, Francesca Turroni, Elena Foroni, David Riley, Vanessa Giubellini, Hervé Tettelin, Douwe van Sinderen, and Marco Ventura. "Comparative genomics of the genus Bifidobacterium." Microbiology 156, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 3243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.039545-0.
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Whole-genome sequencing efforts have revolutionized the study of bifidobacterial genetics and physiology. Unfortunately, the sequence of a single genome does not provide information on bifidobacterial genetic diversity and on how genetic variability supports improved adaptation of these bacteria to the environment of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Analysis of nine genomes from bifidobacterial species showed that such genomes display an open pan-genome structure. Mathematical extrapolation of the data indicates that the genome reservoir available to the bifidobacterial pan-genome consists of more than 5000 genes, many of which are uncharacterized, but which are probably important to provide adaptive abilities pertinent to the human GIT. We also define a core bifidobacterial gene set which will undoubtedly provide a new baseline from which one can examine the evolution of bifidobacteria. Phylogenetic investigation performed on a total of 506 orthologues that are common to nine complete bifidobacterial genomes allowed the construction of a Bifidobacterium supertree which is largely concordant with the phylogenetic tree obtained using 16S rRNA genes. Moreover, this supertree provided a more robust phylogenetic resolution than the 16S rRNA gene-based analysis. This comparative study of the genus Bifidobacterium thus presents a foundation for future functional analyses of this important group of GIT bacteria.
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Saturio, Silvia, Marta Suárez, Leonardo Mancabelli, Nuria Fernández, Laura Mantecón, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán, Marco Ventura, Miguel Gueimonde, Silvia Arboleya, and Gonzalo Solís. "Effect of Intrapartum Antibiotics Prophylaxis on the Bifidobacterial Establishment within the Neonatal Gut." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091867.
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Antibiotics are important disruptors of the intestinal microbiota establishment, linked to immune and metabolic alterations. The intrapartum antibiotics prophylaxis (IAP) is a common clinical practice that is present in more than 30% of labours, and is known to negatively affect the gut microbiota composition. However, little is known about how it affects to Bifidobacterium (sub)species level, which is one of the most important intestinal microbial genera early in life. This study presents qualitative and quantitative analyses of the bifidobacterial (sub)species populations in faecal samples, collected at 2, 10, 30 and 90 days of life, from 43 healthy full-term babies, sixteen of them delivered after IAP use. This study uses both 16S rRNA–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing and q-PCR techniques for the analyses of the relative proportions and absolute levels, respectively, of the bifidobacterial populations. Our results show that the bifidobacterial populations establishment is affected by the IAP at both quantitative and qualitative levels. This practice can promote higher bifidobacterial diversity and several changes at a compositional level. This study underlines specific targets for developing gut microbiota-based products for favouring a proper bifidobacterial microbiota development when IAP is required.
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Van Limbergen, J., K. Dunn, E. Wine, R. Sigall Boneh, J. Bielawski, and A. Levine. "OP22 Crohn’s disease exclusion diet reduces bacterial dysbiosis towards healthy controls in paediatric Crohn’s disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S019—S020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.021.
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Abstract Background Dietary therapy with the Crohn’s disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) or Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) induces remission, reduces inflammation and is associated with compositional changes in the microbiome. We performed metagenome analysis to elucidate whether diet induces remission via correction of dysbiosis and/or community structure. Methods Whole metagenome and 16S rDNA sequences were obtained in 178 samples from 70 participants at 3 time points (baseline, week 6, week 12) from the two study groups (CDED+PEN/EEN). For metagenome analysis, we divided the groups further into samples of patients achieving ITT-remission at week 6 (CDED+PEN: 31/38 and EEN: 23/32) and those who did not. Results Dietary therapy decreased the relative abundance of genera from Proteobacteria towards healthy controls. CDED+PEN remission is associated with a significant increase (p < .05) in Clostridiales, and a significant decrease (p < .05) in Proteobacteria (particularly Γproteobacteria). Microbiome comparison of all baseline CD samples with healthy controls showed significant (p < .05) increases in Proteobacteria in an active CD at baseline. Healthy controls had increased Firmicutes species notably Roseburia, Oscillibacter and Anaerostipes, as well as increased Bacteroides and Ascomycota (driven by Saccharomyces). Proteobacteria decreased when diet-induced remission was achieved (with either CDED+PEN or EEN) at week 6: relative abundance of Proteobacteria (including Α- and Γproteobacteria (e.g. Escherichia, Klebsiella and Citrobacter) were significantly lower compared with baseline but were still more abundant in CD patients, whereas Bacilli and Firmicutes remained more predominant in healthy samples. Continued dietary treatment with CDED+PEN between week 6 and week 12 was associated with a further decrease in Proteobacteria: although improving with dietary treatment, only Escherichia remained more abundant in CD. Faecalibacterium became more abundant in CD by week 12, as did Blautia and Sutterella. Anaerostipes, Ruminococcus, Bacilli, Porphyromonadaceae, Bifidobacteriales, Ascomycota and Caudovirales were more abundant in healthy samples compared with week 12 of CDED+PEN. Bayesian analysis of the 16S rDNA data training on patients in remission at week 6 compared with baseline (week 0) samples identified seven assemblages. Predominate taxa identified in these assemblages (Posterior Probability >.01) are shown as a connected network, with taxa (nodes) found in the same assemblage connected to each other by edges (Figures). Conclusion Dietary therapy corrected dysbiosis towards healthy controls. Sustained dietary therapy beyond 6 weeks with CDED+PEN avoids the ‘rebound’ in disease-associated species, notably Proteobacteria, when the oral diet is reintroduced.
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Hsu, Clare, Fabio Marx, Ryan Guldenpfennig, Negin Valizadegan, and Maria R. C. de Godoy. "196 The Effect of Hydrolyzed Protein on Fecal Microbiota in Adult Dogs." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.134.
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Abstract Research on protein hydrolysates has observed various properties and functionalities of these ingredients depending on the type of hydrolysate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrolyzed chicken protein that was incorporated into diets on gut health in healthy adult dogs. Five complete and balanced treatment diets were manufactured: 1) CONd: chicken meal diet; 2) 5% CLHd: 5% substitution of chicken liver hydrolysate of chicken meal diet; 3) CLHd: chicken liver hydrolysate diet; 4) 5% CHd: 5% substitution of chicken hydrolysate of chicken meal diet; and 5) CHd: chicken hydrolysate diet. A 5×5 Latin square design was used which included 10 neutered adult beagles. Each of the 5 periods consisted of a 7-d washout time and a 28-d treatment period. All diets were well accepted by the dogs. For fecal metabolites, there was greater fecal butyrate concentration as well as reduced isovalerate, 4-ethylphenol, and indole in dogs fed CLHd than CONd (P < 0.05). Regarding the overall microbiota composition, Firmicutes, Bacteriodota, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria were the top 5 most abundant phyla. At the class level, samples from CHd group had greater relative abundances of Bacteriodia and Fusobacteriia as well as less Bacilli. On the other hand, CLHd group had greater abundances of Bacilli and Actinobacteria with less Fusobacteriia. At the level of order, CHd group had greater Bacteriodales and Fusobacteriales while CLHd group had greater Bifidobacteriales. At the family level, CHd group showed a greater abundance of Muribaculaceae and a decreased abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae when compared with the other groups. Alternatively, CLHd group demonstrated a greater abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae together with reduced abundance of Fusobacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, Sutterrellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Fecal microbiota was shifted by CLHd with greater differential abundance in Ruminococcus gauvreauii group as well as reduced Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Sutterella, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides compared with CONd (P < 0.05). There was also a difference in beta diversity of fecal microbiota between CLHd and CHd (P < 0.05). However, no difference was observed in alpha diversity among treatment groups (P < 0.05). Fecal butyrate concentration was negatively correlated with the genera Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Sutterella, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteriodes. Conversely, Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with butyrate concentration. In conclusion, the test chicken protein hydrolysates may have potential to support gut health by modulating microbiota.
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Stewart, Christopher J. "Breastfeeding promotes bifidobacterial immunomodulatory metabolites." Nature Microbiology 6, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 1335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00975-z.
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Buckley, Darren, Toshitaka Odamaki, Jinzhong Xiao, Jennifer Mahony, Douwe van Sinderen, and Francesca Bottacini. "Diversity of Human-Associated Bifidobacterial Prophage Sequences." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122559.
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Members of Bifidobacterium play an important role in the development of the immature gut and are associated with positive long-term health outcomes for their human host. It has previously been shown that intestinal bacteriophages are detected within hours of birth, and that induced prophages constitute a significant source of such gut phages. The gut phageome can be vertically transmitted from mother to newborn and is believed to exert considerable selective pressure on target prokaryotic hosts affecting abundance levels, microbiota composition, and host characteristics. The objective of the current study was to investigate prophage-like elements and predicted CRISPR-Cas viral immune systems present in publicly available, human-associated Bifidobacterium genomes. Analysis of 585 fully sequenced bifidobacterial genomes identified 480 prophage-like elements with an occurrence of 0.82 prophages per genome. Interestingly, we also detected the presence of very similar bifidobacterial prophages and corresponding CRISPR spacers across different strains and species, thus providing an initial exploration of the human-associated bifidobacterial phageome. Our analyses show that closely related and likely functional prophages are commonly present across four different species of human-associated Bifidobacterium. Further comparative analysis of the CRISPR-Cas spacer arrays against the predicted prophages provided evidence of historical interactions between prophages and different strains at an intra- and inter-species level. Clear evidence of CRISPR-Cas acquired immunity against infection by bifidobacterial prophages across several bifidobacterial strains and species was obtained. Notably, a spacer representing a putative major capsid head protein was found on different genomes representing multiple strains across B. adolescentis, B. breve, and B. bifidum, suggesting that this gene is a preferred target to provide bifidobacterial phage immunity.
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Matsuki, Takahiro, Koichi Watanabe, Ryuichiro Tanaka, Masafumi Fukuda, and Hiroshi Oyaizu. "Distribution of Bifidobacterial Species in Human Intestinal Microflora Examined with 16S rRNA-Gene-Targeted Species-Specific Primers." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4506-4512.1999.
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ABSTRACT In order to clarify the distribution of bifidobacterial species in the human intestinal tract, a 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific PCR technique was developed and used with DNAs extracted from fecal samples obtained from 48 healthy adults and 27 breast-fed infants. To cover all of the bifidobacterial species that have been isolated from and identified in the human intestinal tract, species-specific primers for Bifidobacterium longum, B. infantis,B. dentium, and B. gallicum were developed and used with primers for B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, and the B. catenulatum group (B. catenulatum andB. pseudocatenulatum) that were developed in a previous study (T. Matsuki, K. Watanabe, R. Tanaka, and H. Oyaizu, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 167:113–121, 1998). The specificity of the nine primers was confirmed by PCR, and the species-specific PCR method was found to be a useful means for identifying Bifidobacteriumstrains isolated from human feces. The results of an examination of bifidobacterial species distribution showed that the B. catenulatum group was the most commonly found taxon (detected in 44 of 48 samples [92%]), followed by B. longum andB. adolescentis, in the adult intestinal bifidobacterial flora and that B. breve, B. infantis, andB. longum were frequently found in the intestinal tracts of infants. The present study demonstrated that qualitative detection of the bifidobacterial species present in human feces can be accomplished rapidly and accurately.
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Mancino, Walter, Sabrina Duranti, Leonardo Mancabelli, Giulia Longhi, Rosaria Anzalone, Christian Milani, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, et al. "Bifidobacterial Transfer from Mother to Child as Examined by an Animal Model." Microorganisms 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090293.
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Bifidobacteria commonly constitute the most abundant group of microorganisms in the healthy infant gut. Their intestinal establishment is believed to be maternally driven, and their acquisition has even been postulated to occur during pregnancy. In the current study, we evaluated bifidobacterial mother-to infant transmission events in a rat model by means of quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as by Internally Transcribed Spacer (ITS) bifidobacterial profiling. The occurrence of strains supplied by mothers during pregnancy to their corresponding newborns was observed and identified by analysis immediately following C-section delivery. These findings provide intriguing support for the existence of an unknown route to facilitate bifidobacterial transfer during the very early stages of life.
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Milani, Christian, Francesca Turroni, Sabrina Duranti, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Leonardo Mancabelli, Chiara Ferrario, Douwe van Sinderen, and Marco Ventura. "Genomics of the Genus Bifidobacterium Reveals Species-Specific Adaptation to the Glycan-Rich Gut Environment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 4 (November 20, 2015): 980–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03500-15.
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ABSTRACTBifidobacteria represent one of the dominant microbial groups that occur in the gut of various animals, being particularly prevalent during the suckling period of humans and other mammals. Their ability to compete with other gut bacteria is largely attributed to their saccharolytic features. Comparative and functional genomic as well as transcriptomic analyses have revealed the genetic background that underpins the overall saccharolytic phenotype for each of the 47 bifidobacterial (sub)species representing the genusBifidobacterium, while also generating insightful information regarding carbohydrate resource sharing and cross-feeding among bifidobacteria. The abundance of bifidobacterial saccharolytic features in human microbiomes supports the notion that metabolic accessibility to dietary and/or host-derived glycans is a potent evolutionary force that has shaped the bifidobacterial genome.
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IBRAHIM, SALAM A., and ANATOLY BEZKOROVAINY. "Inhibition of Escherichia coli by Bifidobacteria." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 713–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.8.713.
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The ability of five ATCC bifidobacterial species to produce antimicrobial substances was investigated by testing the effects of spent bifidobacterial broths on the growth Escherichia coli in the thioglycollate medium. Such broths were most inhibitory if their pH was not readjusted to neutrality. When that was done, the inhibition ranged from 30 to 43%. Such inhibition of E. coli growth could be duplicated by a 3:2 aceticlactic acid mixture adjusted to neutral pH. It was concluded that no antibacterial substances other than acetic and lactic acids were produced by bifidobacterial strains used, and that the effects of these ubiquitous fermentation products, as well as pH effects, be taken into consideration before the existence of other antimicrobial factors is proposed.
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Mary, Muchiri, Mucheru Patrick, and Chege Peter. "The potential health benefits of a novel symbiotic yogurt fortified with purple-leaf tea in modulation of gut microbiota." Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2574-0334; Print ISSN: 2769-2426 7, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v7i4.1323.
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Background: The use of symbiotic functional yogurt is a trending dietary approach of positively modulating the gut and alleviating dysbiosis. These yogurts are fermented using probiotic live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. Purple-leaf tea (Camellia sinensis) which contains prebiotic polyphenolic compounds, has all the health benefits of tea in addition to high content of flavonoid bioactive anthocyanin compounds. Objective: The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of a novel symbiotic yogurt fermented using probiotic microbes and fortified with purple leaf tea puree in modulating gut bacteria profile using an in vivo animal experiment with white male Wilstar rats. Methods: An in vivo animal study was used to investigate the effect of symbiotic yogurt (PYPT) produced by fermentation of milk with probiotic starter culture ABT 5 (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 and Streptococcus thermophiles) and fortified with purple-leaf tea puree. A total of 16 Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 8 doses of 4mg/g of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to induce obesity. In a randomized control design, 8 of the experimental control rats were fed with normal standard rat feed, while 8 intervention rats were fed with the formulated yogurt for a period of 28 days. The gut health bacteria biomarkers were determined from the rats’ fecal matter by extraction of DNA using the ZymoBIOMIC kit protocol and profiled by the polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) molecular technique, of 16S rRNA. The data of the bacteria taxonomic classifications and abundance was processed and interpreted using DADA2 package and Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology 2 (Qiime2). Results: No statistical differences in diversity of bacterial phyla were reported, but the composition of Actinobacteria increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control, while Proteobacteria decreased drastically in the intervention rats. Notably, the population of beneficial Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales in the intervention cohort increased significantly, while there was a reduction of bacteria with species with potential of pathogenic activity. Conclusions: Fortification of probiotic yogurt with purple tea with prebiotic polyphenols increased the population of beneficial gut modulating bacteria while reducing the pathogens. Therefore, the study demonstrates the constructive collaboration of probiotic microbes and the purple tea bioactive compounds in the novel symbiotic yogurt in improving the healthful gut commensal bacteria. Future research can profile more commensal bacteria and analyze gut metabolites such as butyrate as well as conducting human clinical trials. Keywords: Gut bacteria modulation, Symbiotic yogurt, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Purple-leaf tea, Fortification, Functional foods
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Sirilun, S., H. Takahashi, S. Boonyaritichaikij, C. Chaiyasut, P. Lertruangpanya, Y. Koga, and K. Mikami. "Impact of maternal bifidobacteria and the mode of delivery on Bifidobacterium microbiota in infants." Beneficial Microbes 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2014.0124.
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The aim of this study is to examine the influence of maternal intestinal and vaginal bifidobacteria on the colonisation of bifidobacteria in the gut of infants. Faecal samples from 120 healthy pregnant mothers within 1 month of delivery and from their infants at 1 month of age and 98 vaginal swabs from the mothers at the time of delivery were collected at a maternity hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The faecal and vaginal samples were assayed by real-time PCR assays to detect Bifidobacterium species and to estimate the bifidobacterial copy numbers. After adjusting for the numbers of each Bifidobacterium species, delivery mode, and antibiotic use in infants by the age of 1 month, total counts of bifidobacteria in the mothers’ faeces were associated with increased copy numbers of bifidobacteria in the faeces of breastfed infants. A caesarean section was also significantly associated with a decrease in the copy numbers of bifidobacteria in the faeces of infants. No significant correlation was found between the bifidobacterial copies of the vaginal swabs and those of the infants’ faeces. The intestinal bifidobacterial status of exclusively breastfed infants was significantly positive affected by vaginal delivery and high bifidobacterial copy numbers in their mothers’ gut.
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Arboleya, Silvia, Silvia Saturio, Marta Suárez, Nuria Fernández, Leonardo Mancabelli, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán, Marco Ventura, Gonzalo Solís, and Miguel Gueimonde. "Donated Human Milk as a Determinant Factor for the Gut Bifidobacterial Ecology in Premature Babies." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050760.
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Correct establishment of the gut microbiome is compromised in premature babies, with Bifidobacterium being one of the most affected genera. Prematurity often entails the inability to successfully breastfeed, therefore requiring the implementation of other feeding modes; breast milk expression from a donor mother is the recommended option when their own mother’s milk is not available. Some studies showed different gut microbial profiles in premature infants fed with breast milk and donor human milk, however, it is not known how this affects the species composition of the genus Bifidobacterium. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of donated human milk on shaping the gut bifidobacterial populations of premature babies during the first three months of life. We analyzed the gut bifidobacterial communities of 42 premature babies fed with human donor milk or own-mother milk by the 16S rRNA–23S rRNA internal transcriber spaces (ITS) region sequencing and q-PCR. Moreover, metabolic activity was assessed by gas chromatography. We observed a specific bifidobacterial profile based on feeding type, with higher bifidobacterial diversity in the human donor milk group. Differences in specific Bifidobacterium species composition may contribute to the development of specific new strategies or treatments aimed at mimicking the impact of own-mother milk feeding in neonatal units.
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Rivière, Audrey, Frédéric Moens, Marija Selak, Dominique Maes, Stefan Weckx, and Luc De Vuyst. "The Ability of Bifidobacteria To Degrade Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharide Constituents and Derived Oligosaccharides Is Strain Dependent." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02853-13.
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ABSTRACTArabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates with promising health-promoting properties that stimulate the activity of specific colon bacteria, in particular bifidobacteria. However, the mechanisms by which bifidobacterial strains break down these compounds in the colon is still unknown. This study investigates AXOS consumption of a large number of bifidobacterial strains (36), belonging to 11 different species, systematically. To determine their degradation mechanisms, all strains were grown on a mixture of arabinose and xylose, xylo-oligosaccharides, and complex AXOS molecules as the sole added energy sources. Based on principal component and cluster analyses of their different arabinose substituent and/or xylose backbone consumption patterns, five clusters that were species independent could be distinguished among the bifidobacterial strains tested. In parallel, the strains were screened for the presence of genes encoding several putative AXOS-degrading enzymes, but no clear-cut correlation could be made with the different degradation mechanisms. The intra- and interspecies differences in the consumption patterns of AXOS indicate that bifidobacterial strains could avoid competition among each other or even could cooperate jointly to degrade these complex prebiotics. The knowledge gained on the AXOS degradation mechanisms in bifidobacteria can be of importance in the rational design of prebiotics with tailor-made composition and thus increased specificity in the colon.
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Wada, Jun, Takuro Ando, Masashi Kiyohara, Hisashi Ashida, Motomitsu Kitaoka, Masanori Yamaguchi, Hidehiko Kumagai, Takane Katayama, and Kenji Yamamoto. "Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-Biosidase, a Critical Enzyme for the Degradation of Human Milk Oligosaccharides with a Type 1 Structure." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 13 (May 9, 2008): 3996–4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00149-08.
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ABSTRACT Breast-fed infants often have intestinal microbiota dominated by bifidobacteria in contrast to formula-fed infants. We found that several bifidobacterial strains produce a lacto-N-biosidase that liberates lacto-N-biose I (Galβ1,3GlcNAc; type 1 chain) from lacto-N-tetraose (Galβ1,3GlcNAcβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc), which is a major component of human milk oligosaccharides, and subsequently isolated the gene from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM1254. The gene, designated lnbB, was predicted to encode a protein of 1,112 amino acid residues containing a signal peptide and a membrane anchor at the N and C termini, respectively, and to possess the domain of glycoside hydrolase family 20, carbohydrate binding module 32, and bacterial immunoglobulin-like domain 2, in that order, from the N terminus. The recombinant enzyme showed substrate preference for the unmodified β-linked lacto-N-biose I structure. Lacto-N-biosidase activity was found in several bifidobacterial strains, but not in the other enteric bacteria, such as clostridia, bacteroides, and lactobacilli, under the tested conditions. These results, together with our recent finding of a novel metabolic pathway specific for lacto-N-biose I in bifidobacterial cells, suggest that some of the bifidobacterial strains are highly adapted for utilizing human milk oligosaccharides with a type 1 chain.
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Sela, David A. "Bifidobacterial utilization of human milk oligosaccharides." International Journal of Food Microbiology 149, no. 1 (September 2011): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.025.
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Cronin, Michelle, Moritz Knobel, Mary O'Connell-Motherway, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, and Douwe van Sinderen. "Molecular Dissection of a Bifidobacterial Replicon." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 24 (October 26, 2007): 7858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01630-07.
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ABSTRACT The 2.1-kb cryptic plasmid pCIBAO89 from Bifidobacterium asteroides harbors a 1.4-kb segment which is sufficient for its autonomous replication. The segment is divided into two parts, the presumed replication origin, ori89, and the rep gene encoding the putative 41-kDa Rep89 replication initiation protein. This minimal replication region of pCIBAO89 was functionally dissected by transcriptional analyses as well as by DNA-binding studies, and the information obtained was exploited to create a number of Escherichia coli-Bifidobacterium shuttle vectors capable of transforming various bifidobacteria with an efficiency of up to 106 transformants/μg DNA.
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Ventura, Marco, Francesca Turroni, Elena Foroni, Sabrina Duranti, Vanessa Giubellini, Francesca Bottacini, and Douwe van Sinderen. "Analyses of bifidobacterial prophage-like sequences." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 98, no. 1 (March 15, 2010): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-010-9426-4.
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Milani, Christian, Giulia Alessandri, Leonardo Mancabelli, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Giulia Longhi, Rosaria Anzalone, Alice Viappiani, et al. "Bifidobacterial Distribution Across Italian Cheeses Produced from Raw Milk." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120599.
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Cheese microbiota is of high industrial relevance due to its crucial role in defining the organoleptic features of the final product. Nevertheless, the composition of and possible microbe–microbe interactions between these bacterial populations have never been assessed down to the species-level. For this reason, 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling combined with internally transcribed spacer (ITS)-mediated bifidobacterial profiling analyses of various cheeses produced with raw milk were performed in order to achieve an in-depth view of the bifidobacterial populations present in these microbially fermented food matrices. Moreover, statistical elaboration of the data collected in this study revealed the existence of community state types characterized by the dominance of specific microbial genera that appear to shape the overall cheese microbiota through an interactive network responsible for species-specific modulatory effects on the bifidobacterial population.
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Hughes, K. R., L. C. Harnisch, C. Alcon-Giner, S. Mitra, C. J. Wright, J. Ketskemety, D. van Sinderen, A. J. M. Watson, and L. J. Hall. "Bifidobacterium breve reduces apoptotic epithelial cell shedding in an exopolysaccharide and MyD88-dependent manner." Open Biology 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 160155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160155.
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Certain members of the microbiota genus Bifidobacterium are known to positively influence host well-being. Importantly, reduced bifidobacterial levels are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, who also have impaired epithelial barrier function, including elevated rates of apoptotic extrusion of small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from villi—a process termed ‘cell shedding’. Using a mouse model of pathological cell shedding, we show that mice receiving Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 exhibit significantly reduced rates of small IEC shedding. Bifidobacterial-induced protection appears to be mediated by a specific bifidobacterial surface exopolysaccharide and interactions with host MyD88 resulting in downregulation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic responses to protect epithelial cells under highly inflammatory conditions. Our results reveal an important and previously undescribed role for B. breve , in positively modulating epithelial cell shedding outcomes via bacterial- and host-dependent factors, supporting the notion that manipulation of the microbiota affects intestinal disease outcomes.
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Curiel, José Antonio, Ángela Peirotén, José María Landete, Ana Ruiz de la Bastida, Susana Langa, and Juan Luis Arqués. "Architecture Insight of Bifidobacterial α-L-Fucosidases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168462.
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Fucosylated carbohydrates and glycoproteins from human breast milk are essential for the development of the gut microbiota in early life because they are selectively metabolized by bifidobacteria. In this regard, α-L-fucosidases play a key role in this successful bifidobacterial colonization allowing the utilization of these substrates. Although a considerable number of α-L-fucosidases from bifidobacteria have been identified by computational analysis, only a few of them have been characterized. Hitherto, α-L-fucosidases are classified into three families: GH29, GH95, and GH151, based on their catalytic structure. However, bifidobacterial α-L-fucosidases belonging to a particular family show significant differences in their sequence. Because this fact could underlie distinct phylogenetic evolution, here extensive similarity searches and comparative analyses of the bifidobacterial α-L-fucosidases identified were carried out with the assistance of previous physicochemical studies available. This work reveals four and two paralogue bifidobacterial fucosidase groups within GH29 and GH95 families, respectively. Moreover, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis species exhibited the greatest number of phylogenetic lineages in their fucosidases clustered in every family: GH29, GH95, and GH151. Since α-L-fucosidases phylogenetically descended from other glycosyl hydrolase families, we hypothesized that they could exhibit additional glycosidase activities other than fucosidase, raising the possibility of their application to transfucosylate substrates other than lactose in order to synthesis novel prebiotics.
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Xu, Shanrong, Wenqi Liu, Li Gong, Xinyang Li, Wenwen Chu, Meng Han, Shuiqin Shi, and Duoqi Zhou. "Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents." Open Life Sciences 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0646.
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Abstract Gut microbiota are closely related to health, and the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. However, little is known about the relationship between ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relationship between ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and gut microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents. Data analysis showed that the relative abundance, PICRUSt function prediction, and Chao1 and ACE indices of gut microbiota were significantly different between males and females (P < 0.05). The rs1042711 was positively associated with the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Bifidobacteriales, Erysipelotrichi, and Erysipelotrichales. The rs12654778 was negatively associated with Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Bacteroidaceae, and Bacteroides. rs1042713 was positively associated with Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales. The rs1042717 was positively associated with Bifidobacteriales and negatively associated with Veillonellaceae. The rs1042719 was negatively associated with Erysipelotrichi and Erysipelotrichales and positively associated with Erysipelotrichi, Erysipelotrichales, Bifidobacteriales, and Ruminococcaceae in females. The rs1801704 was positively associated with Erysipelotrichi, Erysipelotrichales, Bifidobacteriales, Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriia, and Bifidobacteriales. The rs2053044 was positively associated with Ruminococcaceae, Dialister, Firmicutes, Clostridia, Clostridiales, Bifidobacteriales, and Faecalibacterium and negatively associated with Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Lachnospiraceae, and Porphyromonadaceae (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the relative abundance, diversity, and PICRUSt function predictions of male and female gut microbiomes differ significantly and that ADRB2 gene polymorphisms were associated with gut microbiome abundance in Chinese Han adolescents.
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Zhang, Grace, Beile Gao, Mobolaji Adeolu, Bijendra Khadka, and Radhey S. Gupta. "Phylogenomic Analyses and Comparative Studies on Genomes of the Bifidobacteriales: Identification of Molecular Signatures Specific for the Order Bifidobacteriales and Its Different Subclades." Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (June 27, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00978.
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"ОТ НАУКИ К ПРАКТИКЕ: РАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К КОНТРОЛЮ МИКРОФЛОРЫ КИШЕЧНИКА ПТИЦЫ Кочиш И.И., Мясникова О.В., Никонов И.Н., Худяков А.А." Птицеводство 72, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.33845/0033-3239-2023-72-1-39-42.
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Одной из актуальных для современного птицеводства задач является создание инновационных продуктов для коррекции кишечного микробиома у сельскохозяйственной птицы в условиях промышленного содержания, обладающих высокой антагонистической активностью к распространенным энтеропатогенам. Были проведены производственные испытания на цыплятах-бройлерах кросса Росс-308 бактериального пробиотика Бактосель (Lallemand Animal Nutrition) на основе молочнокислых бактерий Pediococcus acidilactici, который выпаивали опытной группе взамен антибиотика флорфеникол 10% (выпаивавшегося контрольной группе) в дозировке 100 г/т воды с 20 по 31 сутки выращивания. В опыте учитывали основные зоотехнические показатели, в 40-дневном возрасте у 5 бройлеров от каждой группы были взяты образцы химуса слепых отростков кишечника для анализа общего микробного числа и качественного и количественного таксономического состава микробиоты. Установлено, что пробиотик повышал содержание в химусе полезной микрофлоры (Bifidobacteriales - в 7 раз, Lactobacillales - на 10,5%, полезных бифидобактерий - на 85,45%) при снижении доли условно-патогенных микроорганизмов и существенном снижении доли энтеропатогенов (Enterobacteriacea - на 12%, Mycoplasma и Fusobacteria - в 5,4 и 13,7 раз соответственно). В результате сохранность цыплят за период опыта повысилась на 0,72%, конверсия корма снизилась на 5 пунктов, число положительных степ-проб - на 34%. Сделан вывод, что пробиотик «Бактосель» оказывает стабилизирующий эффект на микробиоту кишечника и способствует увеличению численности в ней бактерий родов Bifidobacteriales и Lactobacillales, эффективно подавляющих развитие патогенной микрофлоры и повышающих иммунный ответ организма птицы, что дает возможность сокращения антибиотикотерапии на птицеводческих предприятиях.
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Höyhtyä, Miikka, Katri Korpela, Schahzad Saqib, Sofia Junkkari, Eija Nissilä, Anne Nikkonen, Evgenia Dikareva, Anne Salonen, Willem M. de Vos, and Kaija-Leena Kolho. "Quantitative Fecal Microbiota Profiles Relate to Therapy Response During Induction With Tumor Necrosis Factor α Antagonist Infliximab in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, August 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac182.
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Abstract Background The role of intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases is intensively researched. Pediatric studies on the relation between microbiota and treatment response are sparse. We aimed to determine whether absolute abundances of gut microbes characterize the response to infliximab induction in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Methods We recruited pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease introduced to infliximab at Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki. Stool samples were collected at 0, 2, and 6 weeks for microbiota and calprotectin analyses. We defined treatment response as fecal calprotectin value <100 µg/g at week 6. Intestinal microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. We analyzed total bacterial counts using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and transformed the relative abundances into absolute abundances based on the total counts. Results At baseline, the intestinal microbiota in the treatment responsive group (n = 10) showed a higher absolute abundance of Bifidobacteriales and a lower absolute abundance of Actinomycetales than nonresponders (n = 19). The level of inflammation according to fecal calprotectin showed no statistically significant association with the absolute abundances of fecal microbiota. The results on relative abundances differed from the absolute abundances. At the genus level, the responders had an increased relative abundance of Anaerosporobacter but a reduced relative abundance of Parasutterella at baseline. Conclusions High absolute abundance of Bifidobacteriales in the gut microbiota of pediatric patients reflects anti-inflammatory characteristics associated with rapid response to therapy. This warrants further studies on whether modification of pretreatment microbiota might improve the outcomes.