Academic literature on the topic 'Bifidobacteriales'

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption could affect gut microbiota diversity and profile. We aimed to evaluate the effects of UPFs on microbiota, considering the role of sex. The consumption of UPFs (using NOVA criteria) was assessed with a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Participants (n = 359) were classified into less than three servings per day (n = 96) of UPFs and more than five (n = 90). Women and men were subclassified following the same criteria. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed from DNA fecal samples, and differences in microbiota were analyzed using EdgeR. The relationship between UPFs and bacteria was assessed by Spearman correlation and comparison of tertiles of consumption. Women who consumed more than five servings/day of UPFs presented an increase in Acidaminococcus, Butyrivibrio, Gemmiger, Shigella, Anaerofilum, Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales and Actinobacteria and a decrease in Melainabacter and Lachnospira. Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriales and Actinobacteria was positively associated with pizza and Actinobacteria with industrially processed dairy in women. Men who consumed more than five servings/day presented an increase of Granulicatella, Blautia, Carnobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Bacteroidia and Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Anaerostipes and Clostridiaceae. Bacteroidia and Bacteroidetes correlated positively with industrially processed meat. This study suggests that UPFs may affect microbiota composition differently in women and men.

Neonatal jaundice, caused by excess serum bilirubin levels, is a common condition in neonates. Imbalance in the gut microbiota is believed to play a role in the development of neonatal jaundice. Thus, we aimed to reveal the gut microbiota characteristics in neonates with jaundice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples collected on day 4 from 26 neonates with jaundice (serum total bilirubin > 15.0 mg/dL) and 17 neonates without jaundice (total serum bilirubin < 10.0 mg/dL). All neonates were born full term, with normal weight, by vaginal delivery, and were breastfed. Neonates who were administered antibiotics, had serum direct bilirubin levels above 1 mg/dL, or had conditions possibly leading to hemolytic anemia were excluded. The median serum bilirubin was 16.0 mg/dL (interquartile range: 15.5–16.8) and 7.4 mg/dL (interquartile range: 6.8–8.3) for the jaundice and non-jaundice groups, respectively. There was no difference in the alpha diversity indices. Meanwhile, in the jaundice group, linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that Bifidobacteriales were decreased at the order level, while Enterococcaceae were increased and Bifidobacteriaceae were decreased at the family level. Bifidobacteriaceae may act preventatively because of their suppressive effect on beta-glucuronidase, leading to accelerated deconjugation of conjugated bilirubin in the intestine. In summary, neonates with jaundice had dysbiosis characterized by a decreased abundance of Bifidobacteriales.

Background and Purpose We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites.Results Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family, <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all <i>P</i><0.044). The causal associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all <i>P</i><0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (<i>P</i>=0.028) and 4.6% (<i>P</i>=0.033); the association between <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (<i>P</i>=0.019), 4.2% (<i>P</i>=0.035), and 9.1% (<i>P</i>=0.013), respectively.Conclusion The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.

Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) arouses high research interest these days due to its significant morbidity rate. The most crucial risk factor for its development is the intestinal microbiota composition. The correlation of this factor with the development of AD in children requires further study.Objective. The aim of the study is to perform comparative analysis of the intestinal microbiota in 1–5 years old children with AD and conditionally healthy children via 16S-sequencing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of bacterial genes.Methods. We have conducted cross sectional study. 60 children with diagnosed AD and 15 conditionally healthy children aged from 1 to 5 years were surveyed. Intestinal microbiota was examined via 16S-sequencing of rRNA of bacterial genes.Results. The intestinal microbiota in children with AD and conditionally healthy children has statistically significant differences. Despite the absence of significant differences in species richness of compared groups, children with AD had the elevation in the metagenome of Proteobacteria; Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria classes; Enterococcaceae and Veillonellaceae families; Eggerthella, Dialister and Enterobacter genus; as well as the decrease in the relative value of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia; Bacteroidales and Bifidobacteriales orders; Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae families; Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides genus; decrease of Bifidobacterium longum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis.Conclusion. It was revealed that the intestinal microbiota of children with AD has significant differences in taxonomic composition with the microbiota of conditionally healthy children. Elevation of Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria classes, Eggerthella, Dialister and Enterobacter genus can be the risk factor for this disease development, whereas decrease of such bacteria as Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidales and Bifidobacteriales can aggravate atopic symptoms. Thus, the need for further study of intestinal microbiota in children with AD is justified to establish the correlation of these bacteria with the disease course.

Accumulating evidence suggests that Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 isolated from kefir has the potential to alleviate allergic responses. Herein, we investigated the effect of YRC3780 on a murine model of Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP). BALB/c mice immunized with cedar pollen extract (CPE) exhibited an increase in serum immunoglobulin E and developed nasal inflammatory responses including sneezing, nasal hyperresponsiveness, and nasal eosinophil accumulation upon intranasal allergen challenge. These responses were suppressed by the oral administration of YRC3780, although the effects on CPE-induced sneezing response and eosinophil infiltration were not statistically significant. Total fecal microbiota diversity was not affected by allergen immunization and challenge or by YRC3780 administration. However, the abundances of Bifidobacteriales, Veillonellaceae, Lactococcus, and Lactococcus lactis were larger and that of Bacteroides was smaller in YRC3780-treated mice compared with those in CPE-challenged and YRC3780-untreated mice. Our findings suggest the usefulness of YRC3780 for alleviating JCP.

The effects of insoluble dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts modified by dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization (DHPM) on the pathological characteristics of obesity, intestinal microflora distribution and production of short-chain fatty acids in high-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice were evaluated. The results show that the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts significantly reduces weight gain, insulin resistance and oxidative damage caused by a high-fat diet, and promotes the production of SCFAs, especially acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. These modified dietary fibers also change the proportion of different types of bacteria in the intestinal microflora of mice, reduce the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota and promote the proliferation of Bifidobacteriales. Therefore, the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts can be used as a good intestinal microbiota regulator to promote intestinal health, thereby achieving the role of preventing and treating obesity.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is widely applied in cancer treatment. However, the outcome is often compromised by lymphopenia, myelosuppression, and gut dysbiosis. Here, we used jujube powder to enhance CTX efficiency through nurturing gut microbiota in order to facilitate favorable metabolisms. It was observed that the oral administration of jujube powder enriched CD8+ T cells in mouse MC38 colon tumor microenvironment and increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the abundance of Bifidobacteriales, which is helpful to the production of butyrate in the cecum content. The application of jujube powder also stimulated the production of white blood cells, especially CD8+ T cells in peripheral and bone marrow, while inhibiting the growth of eosinophils in peripheral blood and the production of IL-7 and GM-CSF in serum. All these are conductive to the significant inhibition of the tumor growth, suggesting the high potential of nurturing gut microbiota with natural products for improving the efficiency of chemotherapy.

We explore the gut microbiota profiles of 103 stool samples collected from infants at the age of 4 and 6 months in Jakarta, Indonesia. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing with Illumina MiSeq to identify the diversity, structure, and composition of the gut microbiota from those stool samples. Among 103 stool samples, 55 and 48 samples were collected from infants with breastfeeding and mixed feeding patterns, respectively. We found that the most abundant bacteria were Bifidobacteriales from the phylum of Actinobacteria (43.05%), Lactobacillales from the phylum of Firmicutes (28.39%), and Enterobacterales from the phylum of Proteobacteria (13.75%). The alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that the association between feeding patterns and differences in the microbial communities was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). Our study did not show a difference in the gut microbiota pattern between the two feeding pattern groups. This result contributed to the variety of the world gut microbiota profile data in infants.

Alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites have been detected in anorexia nervosa (AN), but differences in those profiles between restricting AN (ANR) and binge-purging AN (ANBP) type have not been explored. We made a secondary analysis of our previous data concerning microbiome and metabolomics profiles of 17 ANR women, six ANBP women and 20 healthy controls (HC). Twelve fecal metabolites differentiating ANR patients, ANBP patients and HC were identified. Both patient groups showed decreased intra-individual bacterial richness with respect to healthy controls (HC). Compared to ANR subjects, ANBP patients had a significant increase in relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriales, and Eubacteriacae and a significant decrease in relative abundances of Odoribacter, Haemophilus, Pasteurellaceae, and Pasteurellales. The heatmaps of the relationships of selected fecal metabolites with microbial families showed different structures among the three groups, with the heatmap of ANBP patients being drastically different from that of HC, while that of ANR patients resulted more similar to HC. These findings, although preliminary because of the relatively small sample size, confirm the occurrence of different gut dysbiosis in ANR and ANBP and demonstrate different connections between gut microorganisms and fecal metabolites in the two AN types.

Orientador: Edir Nepomuceno da Silva
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: No período de março a maio de 2001, várias culturas lácticas foram isoladas de 11 marcas de produtos contendo microrganismos vivos, comercializados na região de Campinas (SP). A amostragem incluiu 3 iogurtes, 5 leites fermentados, 2 bebidas lácteas e 1 mistura simbiótica em pó. As culturas foram identificadas por características fenotípicas e genotípicas. Foram também submetidas a testes para verificação do cumprimento dos pré-requisitos mínimos exigidos para culturas probióticas, que são resistência ao pH, resistência à bile e a produção de bacteriocinas. Os resultados da identificação por características fenotípicas (36 culturas), feita utilizando-se o Kit de identificação API 50CHL (BioMérieux), mostraram as seguintes espécies: 1o) Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ¿ isolado de 6 produtos, 2o) Streptococcus thermophilus ¿ isolado de 4 produtos, 3o) Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.cremoris ¿ isolados de 3 produtos, 4o) Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus e Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis ¿ isolados de 2 produtos cada, 5o) Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Leuconostoc lactis e Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. curvatus ¿ isolados de 1 produto cada. Os resultados da identificação por características genotípicas (41 culturas, 36 de produtos e 5 padrão de coleção de culturas), feita utilizando a técnica de ribotipagem automática Riboprinter (Dupont/Qualicon), mostraram os seguintes resultados: duas culturas não se mostraram tipáveis pelo Riboprinter (Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris pelo API 50CHL). Cinco foram tipadas mas não identificadas pelo Riboprinter (Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris e Lactobacillus acidophilus pelo API 50CHL). Três foram identificadas como Lactobacillus apenas até o nível de gênero (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis e Lactobacillus acidophilus pelo API 50CHL). As demais foram identificadas até o nível de espécie, 63% com o mesmo resultado do API 50CHL e 37% com resultados discordantes. A discordância concentrou-se nas culturas identificadas pelo API 50CHL como Leuconostoc mesenteroides (subsp. cremoris e lactis), Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. As culturas com resultados concordantes concentraram-se naquelas identificadas pelo API 50CHL como Lactobacillus rhamnosus e Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei., enquanto os discordantes concentraram-se naquelas identificadas pelo API 50CHL como Leuconostoc, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. Uma cepa de Bifidobacterium bifidum (KCTC 3440) foi corretamente identificada pelo Riboprinter e 1 cepa de Bifidobacterium subtile (ATCC 27537) foi erroneamente identificada como Enterococcus faecium. Na avaliação da resistência ao pH, 36 culturas foram avaliadas e a maioria apresentou completa perda da viabilidade após 1 a 3 hora em pH 1,0 (25 culturas ou seja 69,4%) ou 2,0 (16 culturas ou seja 44,4%). Em pH 3,0 a taxa de sobrevivência foi maior. Dois critérios foram utilizados para a conclusão. De acordo com o primeiro, são consideradas como potencialmente probióticas as culturas que apresentam 80% de sobrevivência (menos de 0,1 reduções) após 3 horas de permanência em pH 3 ou 1% de bile. De acordo com esse critério, nenhuma das culturas isoladas pode ser considerada probiótica. De acordo com o segundo critério, a resistência em pH 3 por 90 minutos e na presença de 0,1% de bile (24h), sem redução na contagem de viáveis, indica culturas potencialmente probióticas. De acordo com esse critério, duas culturas se mostraram potencialmente probióticas, uma de Lactobacillus rhamnosus e uma de Lactobacillus acidophilus. Na avaliação da resistência à bile, 29 culturas foram avaliadas e dois critérios utilizados para a conclusão. De acordo com o primeiro, culturas que apresentam taxa de 80% de sobrevivência (redução menor do que 0,1 log) na presença de 1,0% w/v de bile e pH 3,0 por 3 horas são resistentes. Segundo esse critério, nenhuma das 29 culturas isoladas de produtos mostrou resistência à bile. De acordo com o segundo, culturas que apresentem crescimento em presença de 1% de Oxgall, igual ou superior a 20% daquele obtido no controle, é considerada resistente (redução menor do que 0,7 log). Segundo esse critério, 24% ou seja, 7 das 29 culturas isoladas de produtos mostraram-se resistentes: uma cepa de L.acidophilus, uma de L.rhamnosus, uma de L.paracasei subsp. paracasei, uma de Streptococcus thermophilus, uma de Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis e duas de Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp cremoris. Na avaliação da produção de bacteriocinas, 32 culturas foram testadas, todas com resultados negativos. Na avaliação do antagonismo contra algumas espécies de bactérias patogênicas Gram negativas e Gram positivas, uma cepa de L.rhamnosus promoveu a inibição de Listeria e outra cepa de L.rhamnosus promoveu a inibição de Listeria e S. aureus. Não se observou inibição das bactérias Gram-negativas (E. coli e Salmonella)
Abstract: In the period between March and May 2001, a series of lactic cultures were isolated from 11 different brand products purchased from regular retail outlets located in Campinas (SP, Brazil). The sample types collected included 3 yogurts, 5 fermented milks, 2 dairy beverages and 1 symbiotic dry mix. The strains were identified by phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, in addition to being submitted to tests to investigate whether they fulfill the minimum prerequisites for microorganisms to be considered probiotic, i.e. resistance to pH, resistance to bile and bacteriocin production. Phenotypic identification (36 strains) using the API 50CHL Identification Kit (BioMérieux) evidenced the presence of the following species: 1o) Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei - isolated from 6 products, 2o) Streptococcus thermophilus - isolated from 4 products, 3o) Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.cremoris - isolated from 3 products, 4o) Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis - isolated from 2 products each, 5o) Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Leuconostoc lactis and Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. curvatus - isolated from 1 product each. Identification on the basis of genotypic characteristics (41 strains, 36 of which isolated from products and 5 standard strains from a culture collection) using an automated ribotyping method RiboPrinter® microbial characterization system, (Dupont/Qualicon) produced the following results: two strains could not be typed by the Riboprinter method (identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris by API 50CHL). Five strains were typed but not identified by the Riboprinter system (identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris and Lactobacillus acidophilus by API 50CHL). Three strains were identified as Lactobacillus only to the genus level (identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus by API 50CHL). The remaining strains were identified to the species level, 63% with the same results as those obtained with API 50CHL and 37% with discordant results. Most of the discordant results between the two identification methods were generated by the strains identified by API 50CHL as Leuconostoc mesenteroides (subsp. cremoris and lactis), Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. The strains with concordant results were predominantly those identified by API 50CHL as Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, while the strains producing discordant results were mainly those identified by API 50CHL as Leuconostoc, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. One strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum (KCTC 3440) was correctly identified by the Riboprinter system, whereas 1 strain of Bifidobacterium subtile (ATCC 27537) was incorrectly identified as Enterococcus faecium. Most of the 36 strains evaluated for resistance to pH showed complete loss of viability after 1 to 3 hours at pH 1,0 or 2,0. At pH 3,0 the survival rate was considerably greater. Two criteria were used for drawing conclusions relative to the probiotic potential of the strains. According to the first criterion, strains exhibiting an 80% survival rate (reduction factor smaller than 0.1 log) after exposure for 3 hours to pH 3 or 1% bile. Based on this criterion, none of the strains isolated could be considered probiotic. According to the second criterion, resistance to pH 3 for 90 minutes and in the presence of 0,1% bile (24h), without reduction in viable counts, indicates potentially probiotic strains. Based on this latter criterion, two strains were found to exhibit probiotic potential, one strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and another of Lactobacillus acidophilus. A total of 29 strains were evaluated for bile resistance and the conclusions of the test results produced were based on two different criteria. According to the first, strains presenting an 80% survival rate (reduction factor smaller than 0,1 log) after 3 hours exposure to 1,0% w/v bile and pH 3,0 are considered resistant. Based on this criterion, none of the 29 strains isolated was found to be resistant to bile. According to the second criterion, cultures presenting growth in the presence of 1% Oxgall, equal or greater than 20% of that produced by the control, are considered resistant (reduction factor smaller than 0,7 log). Based on this criterion, 7 (24%) of the 29 strains isolated from products were found to be resistant: one strain of L.acidophilus, one of L.rhamnosus, one of L.paracasei subsp. paracasei, one of Streptococcus thermophilus, one of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and two strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp cremoris. Thirty-two strains were tested for bacteriocin production, all of which gave negative results. The results of the test performed to evaluate antagonism against some species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria showed that one strain of L.rhamnosus inhibited Listeria, while another strain of L.rhamnosus inhibited both Listeria and S. aureus. No inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli e Salmonella) was found
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Selected bacterial groups within the infant gut micro biota were investigated in relation to mode of delivery, initial diet (i.e. breast-fed versus formula-fed) and weaning. Colonic bacteria from 50 faecal samples (obtained from 30 infants during the milk-fed and, post-weaning phases) were enumerated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. The probes used were as follows: Bac 303 (bacteroides), Bif 164 (bifidobacteria), Chis 150 (Clostridium clusters I and II), Erec 482 (Clostridium cluster XIVa), EC 1531 (Escherichia coli), Lab 158 (lactobacilli/enterococci group) and the DAPI nucleic acid stain (total cell count). In all cases bifidobacteria were identified as the major group. The mode of delivery did not influence the composition of the gut microbiota. Exclusively breast-fed infants had significantly lower Clostridium cluster XIVa counts than those exclusively formula-fed. Infants fed predominantly breast-milk had significantly lower Clostridium cluster XIVa, and higher total and bifidobacterial counts than predominantly formula-fed infants. Amongst the samples obtained following the introduction of solid food, no differences were observed following segregation into original cohorts (of delivery mode and initial diet). Furthermore, such faecal samples had significantly lower E. coli, total bacterial and bifidobacterial counts than those obtained during the milk-fed phase. Subsequently, the bifidobacterial component was further examined in relation to diversity and anti-microbial activity. Predominant biotypes (as determined by genetic fingerprinting of isolates) were identified by partial16S rRNA gene sequencing as five recognised bifidobacterial species, novel Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum. B. breve was the principle species isolated. However the bifidobacterial composition differed between infant cohorts.

Orientador: Edir Nepomuceno da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo sobre o comportamento de diferentes cepas de bactérias lácticas ( por exemplo: Lactobacillus acidophilus, L.casei, L. lactis, L. delbruekii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus) e de bifidobacterias, utilizando diferentes meios de cultura (MRS, MRS-maltose, MRSsalicina, HHD e LA), para avaliar a similaridade entre eles, a capacidade de recuperação de cada um e a capacidade de quantificar as diferentes cepas. Primeiramente verificamos o comportamento de cepas puras depois, de cepas em diferentes misturas e, por último, de cepas presentes em iogurte e leite fermentado comercializado no mercado brasileiro. Também foi realizado um estudo da viabilidade das bactérias lácticas, presentes em produtos lácticos, durante o armazenamento. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os quatro meios de cultura se mostraram equivalentes ao MRS na capacidade de recuperação das cepas padrão em cultura pura. O meio de cultura HHD apresentou melhor desempenho em relação a capacidade de recuperação das células, na avaliação com as cepas em diferentes misturas e, presentes em iogurtes e leite fermentado. Através do estudo da viabilidade das bactérias lácticas, presentes nos produtos analisados, verificou-se que os prazos de validade dos produtos se mostraram adequados, do ponto de vista da contagem total de bactérias viáveis. Em relação à contagem de L.acidophilus, somente 62% apresentaram contagem de células viáveis, dentro do valor mínimo requerido de 106 UFC/mL. E, em relação à contagem de bifidobactéria, apenas um produto apresentou contagem dentro do valor mínimo requerido.
Abstract: This is a study about the behaviour of the different strains of lactic acid bacteria (eg: Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. lactis, L. delbruekií susp. bulgaricus, Streptococus thermophilus) and bifidobacteria, with different culture media (MRS, MRS- maltose, MRS -salicin, HHD eLA), in order to evaluate the similarity among them, the capacity of each one to recover and the capacity to enumerate different strains. Firstly we checked the behaviour of the pure strains then the strains in different mixtures and finally the strains existing in the yogurt and fermented milk that are commercialized in Brazilian market. We also study the viability of the lactic acid bacteria in yogurt during refrigerated storage. The results demonstrated that the four culture media were similary to the MRS in the capacity of recovering when the pure strain was checked. The culture media HHD was the best in the capacity of recovering with strains in different mixtures and with the strains existing in the yogurt and fermented milk. Through the study of the viability of the lactic acid bacteria in the products, it showed that the validity was adequate, at least, in the total counting of viable bacteria. However, in the counting of L. acidophilus, only 62% maintained viability of 106 UFC/mL (minimum level]. In The counting of bifidobactéria, only one product maintained viable cells with minimum leveI.
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Introduction : Les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI) sont un problème important en santé publique associées à des changements dans la composition et la fonctionnalité du microbiote intestinal, avec notamment l'appauvrissement en bactéries anaérobies strictes. Cependant, il y a moins d'évidence pour les bifidobactéries. Ici, par une approche culturomique, nous avons caractérisé la diversité taxonomique, génétique et fonctionnelle des bifidobactéries isolées du microbiote fecal de patients atteints de MICI, en phase active ou non active de la maladie, et évalué leur potentiel probiotique.Résultats : Un total de 341 bifidobactéries ont été isolées de matières fécales de 78 patients atteints de MICI. Le microbiote MICI est enrichi en B. dentium (27% des bifidobactéries isolées), particulièrement dans la rectocolite hémorragique (39%) et en B. adolescentis (26%), surtout dans la maladie de Crohn active (40%). Nous avons également soulevé l'influence du traitement immunosuppresseur et l'âge des patients sur la diversité taxonomique des bifidobactéries. Des souches potentiellement probiotiques ont été identifiées chez des patients atteints de MICI en phase active et non active, avec peu de corrélations à l'origine d'isolement. Des souches de B. longum ont été retenues comme présentant le plus grand potentiel probiotique de part leur synthèse d'exopolysaccharides, activités antibactériennes et capacités anti-inflammatoires. B. adolescentis, B. dentium et B. angulatum ont également montré un potentiel probiotique, en particulier dans l'axe intestin-cerveau. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence une faible diversité génétique intra-espèce dans les souches isolées d'un même patient, mais parfois avec des différences fonctionnelles in vitro (corrélées, au moins en partie, à des marqueurs de transfert horizontal de gènes ou des polymorphismes nucléotidiques). Conclusions : Les profils taxonomiques diffèrent dans le microbiote des patients atteints de MICI selon le type et l'activité de la pathologie, mais tous sont enrichis en B. dentium et B. adolescentis. Les bifidobactéries présentant un potentiel probiotique (en particulier des souches de B. longum) ont été isolées de patients atteints de MICI, autant en phase active que non active de la maladie
Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a major public health issue associated to changes in the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiota, including the depletion of strict anaerobes. Nevertheless, less evidence exists for bifidobacteria. Here, we characterized the taxonomic, genetic and functional diversity of bifidobacteria isolated from human fecal microbiota in active and non-active IBD patients by a culturomics approach and evaluated their potential as probiotics in gut health.Results: A total of 341 bifidobacteria were isolated from fecal material of 78 IBD patients. IBD microbiota was enriched in Bifidobacterium dentium (27% of isolated bifidobacteria), specially in active and nonactive ulcerative colitis (39%) and B. adolescentis (26%), particularly in active Crohn's disease (40%). The immunosuppressive treatment and age of patients also influenced the taxonomic diversity of bifidobacteria in the IBD microbiota. Strains with potential probiotic characteristics were identified in both active and non-active IBD patients, with only few correlations to the isolation origin. B. longum were retained asstrains with highest probiotic potential by their exopolysaccharide synthesis, antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammatory capacity. B. adolescentis, B. dentium and B. angulatum also showed probiotic potential, mainly in the gut-brain axis. Furthermore, we highlighted low genetic intra-species diversity in strains isolated from the same patient, but with in vitro functional differences in some cases (correlated, at least partially, to markers of horizontal gene transfer or single nucleotide polymorphisms). Conclusions: Different taxonomic profiles were identified in the microbiota of IBD patients according to the type and activity of pathology but all were enriched in B. dentium and B. adolescentis. We isolated bifidobacteria with probiotic potential, especially B. longum strains, in both active and non-active IBD

Los productos de cereales con grano entero, en particular el pan, son fuentes de fibra dietética, vitaminas, minerales y compuestos fitoquímicos. Sin embargo, la biodisponibilidad de los minerales se afecta principalmente debido a la presencia de fitatos que reducen su absorción. El fitato se encuentra principalmente en los alimentos no procesados, pero puede ser degradado durante la germinación de las semillas o el procesado de alimentos. La hidrólisis del fitato a fosfatos de mio-inositol de menor grado de fosforilación es una manera de reducir su efecto negativo sobre la absorción de minerales. Muchas investigaciones han intentado reducir la cantidad de fitatos en los alimentos mediante diferentes procesos o adición de fitasas exógenas. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue incrementar el valor nutricional de los productos derivados de cereales a través de nuevas estrategias para la elaboración de productos de panadería de alta calidad, proporcionando más fibra dietética y una mayor biodisponibilidad de minerales. La inclusión de salvado de trigo en diferentes niveles y tamaño de partícula, con ?-amilasa y fitasa; el uso de bifidobacterias productoras de fitasa como nuevos iniciadores panarios; y la utilización de harina integral de amaranto como ingrediente nutritivo en panificación, fueron las estrategias propuestas para alcanzar el objetivo principal. Se evaluó la calidad nutricional, tecnológica y sensorial de los productos desarrollados. Asimismo, se estudió el efecto de la formulación en la relación molar fitato/mineral, la dializabilidad del hierro y la biosíntesis de ferritina en células Caco-2 como una medida de la absorción de este mineral. El salvado de trigo, en combinación con enzimas amilolíticas y fitasa, disminuyó el efecto negativo en la reología del producto y mejoró la hidrólisis de los fitatos. El uso de bifidobacterias productoras de fitasa (GRAS/PQS), tanto en proceso directo como indirecto, produjo panes con características tecnológicas y sensoriales similares a los controles, pero con una cantidad menor de fitatos. Se consiguió una proporción de compromiso de harina de amaranto en la formulación de pan para preservar la calidad del producto e incrementar su valor nutricional.
Sanz Penella, JM. (2012). NUEVAS ESTRATEGIAS PARA INCREMENTAR LA CALIDAD NUTRICIONAL DE PRODUCTOS DE PANADERÍA. EFECTO SOBRE EL CONTENIDO DE FITATOS Y LA BIODISPONIBILIDAD DE HIERRO EN CACO-2 [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15151
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La présente étude vise à étudier le potentiel de bifidobactéries à protéger les cellules contre l’infection par le Coxsackie B4 (CV-B4). Le criblage de bifidobactéries a identifié deux des cinq souches qui protégeaient les cellules HEp-2 lorsque les bifidobactéries sont pré-incubées avec les particules virales avant l'inoculation sur les cellules Hep-2. En revanche, aucun effet protecteur n'a été observé en incubant les cellules Hep-2 avec des bifidobactéries avant l'inoculation de CV-B4. Les lipoprotéines des parois cellulaires (LpAs) sécrétées par les souches sélectionnées sont testées pour leur activité antivirale. Les deux LpAs présentaient une activité antivirale quand ils sont incubés avec les particules virales avant d’être inoculées aux cellules HEp-2. Aucun effet protecteur n'a été induit par incubation des LpAs avec les cellules HEp-2 avant l'inoculation de CV-B4. La protéine recombinante présente une activité antivirale identique. Pour identifier les séquences peptidiques interagissant avec les particules virales, les protéines de LpAs sont alignées avec les séquences peptidiques du nord bord du canyon et avec l’empreinte de la région puff sur le Coxsackievirus et sur le récepteur de l’adénovirus (CAR). L'étude d'amarrage moléculaire in silico (Docking) utilisant le CV-B3 en tant que modèle a montré une faible énergie de liaison indiquant un système stable pour les peptides sélectionnés et par conséquent une interaction probable avec le CV-B. Les peptides de B.longum et de B.breve qui sont homologues à l’empreinte du rebord nord viral sur la séquence CAR, forment des liaisons d’hydrogène avec plusieurs résidus viraux dans la région du rebord nord du canyon, qui sont déjà décrits pour leur interaction avec le CAR.En conclusion, les protéines de LPAS bifidobactéries peuvent inhiber l'infection par le CV-B4 probablement par liaison aux acides aminés de la capside qui interagissent avec le CAR
The present study aims at investigating the potential of bifidobacteria in protecting cells from Coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) infection. The bifidobacterial screening identified two out of five strains that protected HEp-2 cell viability when bifidobacteria were incubated with the viral particles prior inoculation. In contrast, no effect was shown by incubating HEp-2 cells with bifidobacteria prior CV-B4 inoculation. Cell-wall lipoproteins secreted by the selected strains (LpAs) were assayed for their anti-viral activity. The two LpAs exhibited anti-viral activity when they were incubated with the viral particles prior inoculation to HEp-2 cells. No effect was induced by incubating LpAs with HEp-2 cells prior CV-B4 inoculation. The recombinant LpAs derived-protein exhibited identical anti-viral activity. To identify the peptide sequences interacting with the virus particles, LpAs proteins were aligned with the peptide sequences of north canyon rim and puff footprint onto coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). The in silico molecular docking study using CV-B3 as template showed a low energy binding indicating a stable system for the selected peptides and consequently a likely binding interaction with CV-B. B.longum and B.breve peptides homologous to the viral north rim footprint onto CAR sequence formed hydrogen bonds with several viral residues in the north rim of the canyon, which were already predicted as interacting with CAR. In conclusion, proteins from bifidobacterial LpAs can inhibit the infection with CV-B4 likely through binding to the capsid aminoacids that interact with CAR

El concepto de alimento funcional se emplea para describir a aquellos alimentos adicionados con ingredientes de diversas clases y orígenes que pueden ejercer efectos beneficiosos sobre quien los ingiere. Este concepto surgido en Japón ha ido popularizándose y expandiéndose hacia otros continentes como Europa fundamentalmente debido a la preocupación sobre la nutrición, la dieta y la salud de la sociedad actual. Los probióticos representan una gran área dentro de los alimentos funcionales y se ha intensificado la investigación para desarrollar productos probióticos y profundizar en el conocimiento de los efectos sobre la salud humana. Los probióticos se definen como "suplementos alimentarios microbianos vivos que afectan de forma ventajosa al animal huésped mejorando su equilibrio intestinal microbiano". Son microorganismos que estimulan las funciones protectoras del tracto digestivo, y también son conocidos como bioterapéuticos, bioprotectores o bioprofilácticos, ya que se utilizan para prevenir las infecciones entéricas y gastrointestinales. Un microorganismo probiótico efectivo debe poseer una serie de características: no ha de ser no patógeno ni tóxico, debe ejercer efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud de quien lo ingiere, tener origen humano, ha de ser tecnológicamente utilizable, ha de presentar un elevado porcentaje de células viables, debe ser capaz de sobrevivir a la flora intestinal, ha de permanecer viable durante su almacenamiento en refrigeración, y tener capacidad de adherirse a la superficie mucosa, etc. El establecimiento de criterios de selección y controles de calidad para productos probióticos se considera una prioridad debido a la rápida incorporación de estos productos en el mercado y su distribución en el ámbito internacional sin la existencia previa de una normativa comúnmente aceptada. En los últimos años ha aumentado el interés por los productos elaborados con microorganismos probióticos, pertenecientes a los géneros Lactobacillus y Bifidobac
Collado Amores, MC. (2005). Caracterización de cepas del género Bifidobacterium con carácter probiótico [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1907
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Genome editing is a promising tool in the era of modern biotechnology that can alter the DNA of many organisms. It is now extensively used in various industries to obtain the well-desired and enhanced characteristics to improve the yield and nutritional quality of products. The positive health attributes of Bifidobacteria, such as prevention of diarrhoea, reduction of ulcerative colitis, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, etc., have shown promising reports in many clinical trials. The potential use of Bifidobacteria as starter or adjunct cultures has become popular. Currently, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. infantis, B. longum, and B. lactis find a significant role in the development of probiotic fermented dairy products. However, Bifidobacteria, one of the first colonizers of the human GI tract and an indicator of the health status of an individual, has opened new avenues for research and, thereby, its application. Besides this, the GRAS/QPS (Generally Regarded as Safe/Qualified Presumption of Safety) status of Bifidobacteria makes it safe for use. They belong to the subgroup (which are the fermentative types that are primarily found in the natural cavities of humans and animals) of Actinomycetes. B. lactis has been used industrially in fermented foods, such as yogurt, cheese, beverages, sausages, infant formulas, and cereals. In the present book chapter, the authors tried to explore the origin, health attributes, and various genetic engineering tools for genome editing of Bifidobacteria for the development of starter culture for dairy and non-dairy industrial applications as well as probiotics.