Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bidimensional blood flow imaging

Academic literature on the topic 'Bidimensional blood flow imaging'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bidimensional blood flow imaging"

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Cloutier, Guy, Louis Allard, and Louis-Gilles Durand. "Characterization of Blood Flow Turbulence With Pulsed-Wave and Power Doppler Ultrasound Imaging." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 118, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2796013.

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Blood flow turbulence downstream of a concentric 86 percent area reduction stenosis was characterized using absolute and relative Doppler spectral broadening measurements, relative Doppler velocity fluctuation, and Doppler backscattered power. Bidi-mensional mappings of each Doppler index were obtained using a 10 MHz pulsed-wave Doppler system. Calf red cells suspended in a saline solution were used to scatter ultrasound and were circulated in an in vitro steady flow loop model. Results showed that the absolute spectral broadening was not a good index of turbulence because it was strongly affected by the deceleration of the jet and by the shear layer between the jet and the recirculation zones. Relative Doppler spectral broadening (absolute broadening divided by the frequency shift), velocity fluctuation, and Doppler power indices provided consistent mapping of the centerline axial variation of turbulence evaluated by hot-film anemometry. The best agreement between the hot-film and Doppler ultrasound methods was however obtained with the Doppler back-scattered power. The most consistent bidimensional mapping of the flow characteristics downstream of the stenosis was also observed with the Doppler power index. The relative broadening and the velocity fluctuation produced artifacts in the shear layer and in the recirculation zones. Power Doppler imaging is a new emerging technique that may provide reliable in vivo characterization of blood flow turbulence.
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Souza, I. P., P. C. O. Pinto, N. G. D. Coelho, R. S. Prestes, R. C. S. Torres, and A. C. Nepomuceno. "Ultrasonographic findings of abdominal thrombosis in dogs." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 74, no. 3 (June 2022): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12383.

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ABSTRACT This retrospective case series study describes the clinical and vascular ultrasound findings of 26 dogs diagnosed with abdominal thrombosis. Images were selected based on the detection of intravascular echogenic thrombus or the absence of vascular flow on color Doppler, confirmed by surgery or necropsy. Images were acquired using the Mylab 40 model, with linear and microconvex multifrequency probes. All the reports were evaluated along with the corresponding images by a veterinary diagnostic imaging radiologist. The ultrasonographic aspects evaluated were echogenicity (92.3%), anechogenicity (7.7%), vascularization (11.5%), mineralization (15.4%), and recanalization (7.7%) of the thrombosis. The vascular and hemodynamic findings were dilation of the affected vein (57.7%), total occlusion of blood flow (30.8%), presence of turbulent flow (65.38%), and visualization of smoke signal (blood flow detected as moving echogenic points in dynamic bidimensional mode) (11.5%). Neoplasms (19 cases) and nephropathies (13 cases) were the most common clinical conditions in the affected dogs. Eleven cases of vascular invasion due to adrenal neoplasms were identified. The results indicate that the vascular ultrasound examination is an important method for diagnosis, as 23 of the 26 cases did not show any clinical signs of thrombosis.
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Yoshikawa, Hideki, and Takashi Azuma. "Blood Flow Imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 1 (2011): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3554819.

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Chiao, Richard Y. "B‐mode blood flow (B‐Flow) imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 5 (May 2001): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4744300.

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Uchibori, Takanobu. "Ultrasonic blood‐flow imaging apparatus." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, no. 5 (November 1990): 2515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.399995.

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Bradley, W. G., and V. Waluch. "Blood flow: magnetic resonance imaging." Radiology 154, no. 2 (February 1985): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.154.2.3966131.

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Namekawa, Kouroku. "Ultrasonic blood flow imaging apparatus." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 3 (March 1989): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397374.

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Itai, Y., and O. Matsui. "Blood flow and liver imaging." Radiology 202, no. 2 (February 1997): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.202.2.9015047.

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Redington, Rowland. "4516582 NMR blood flow imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 4, no. 1 (January 1986): VI—VII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(86)91118-5.

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Lovstakken, L., S. Bjaerum, D. Martens, and H. Torp. "Blood flow imaging - a new real-time, flow imaging technique." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 53, no. 2 (February 2006): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2006.1593367.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bidimensional blood flow imaging"

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Norris, David G. "NMR flow imaging." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU009818.

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The phase-encoded method of NMR flow imaging is examined in detail. The motion of isochromatic groups in the direction of suitably balanced magnetic field gradients will give a phase change in the NMR signal directly proportional to the velocity, acceleration, or higher derivative of position, dependent upon the form of the field gradient. If a simple bipolar pulse is used then the phase change, for isochromats moving with constant velocity, will be proportional to the velocity. If two such pulses are placed back to back then the phase change is proportional to the acceleration. The motion of isochromats in the magnetic field gradients used for imaging will also cause phase changes. These effects are considered, and simple methods of reducing them presented. Phase errors due to main field inhomogeneity are shown to be eliminated by a simple phase difference technique. In this two image data sets having different flow sensitivities are obtained, and the phase difference between them calculated. Velocity images were obtained using this technique, both by the manipulation of the frequency-encoding and selection gradients, and by the insertion of bipolar pulses in the imaging sequence. Acceleration images were also produced by adding double bipolar pulses to the imaging sequence. Both spin-echo and field-echo sequences were used. Field-echo sequences were shown to be superior for high velocities, particularly when the direction of flow is through the slice, otherwise spin-echo sequences were preferred. The Fourier imaging of velocity is also examined, and images presented. This technique is only considered to be useful for projective imaging, where it is shown to have an SNR advantage over established methods. Using two specially designed phantoms the accuracy of all these techniques is shown to be within 5%.
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Gates, Andrew R. C. "Blood flow studies using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260496.

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Sun, Shen. "Laser Doppler imaging and laser speckle contrast imaging for blood flow measurement." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604304.

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The two blood flow imaging techniques, laser Doppler blood flow imaging (LDI) and laser speckle contrast blood flow imaging (LSCI), are well established and broadly applied in medical research. They are similar as both detect and process a fluctuating interference (speckle) pattem. However, the difference between processing algorithms provides different imaging characteristics. LDI can provide accurate, quantitative blood flow measurement which is seldom achieved by LSCI. Nevertheless, the fast imaging speed and simple instrumental setup provided by LSCI overcome some of the limitations ofLDI. With the development of high frame rate cameras full field LDI is now feasible and with the development of new processing algorithms LSCI is now providing more accurate quantitative information. It is therefore important to compare the performance of these two techniques. A full-field LDI system based on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) coupled with a high-speed CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) camera chip has been developed which provides blood flow images with flexible frame rates and spatial resolution. When a high spatial resolution is required, 1280xl024-pixel blood flow images were obtained by processing up to 2048 samples at O.2fps (frame per second). Altematively, a maximum of 15.5fps was achieved by reducing the resolution and sampling points to 256x256 pixels and 128 samples respectively. As a generic full-field LDI system, several parts of the system (memory unit, processing unit) can be simply updated or transplanted to another platform. The resource usage is optimized by utilizing a mixture of fixed and floating-pointing implementations, and the imaging speed is maximised because of the design of streamline structure which enables continuous input of data. Images were obtained of rotating diffusers at different rotation velocities and the system provides a linear relationship with velocity. Human blood flow images are also demonstrated both of the finger and of a healing wound. The author-designed LDI system was then applied to a high-spatial resolution flow imaging application in which the mixture of water and polystyrene micro spheres was pumped through a micropipette (diameter = 250llm) with controlled velocities, and the resulting flow was imaged and processed. The accurate, high-spatial resolution flow measurement was demonstrated by the resulting flow images which are of size 1280x 1 024 pixels and obtained by processing 2048 samples at each pixel. Besides the LDI system, a novel LSCI system has been developed on the same platform, establishing a unique LDI and LSCI hybrid system. By developing the LSCI method with equivalent exposures, the LDI data can be analysed using LSCl processing, enabling a truly fair comparison of these two methodologies. For comparison, measurements were carried out on a rotating diffuser that simulates the human tissue with controlled parameters. Although LDI and LSCI are qualitatively similar, the lack of quantitative blood flow measurement ofLSCI was recognized from the comparison since LSCI is exposure time dependent and unable to linearly detect the velocity changes. 11 To improve the linearity and accuracy ofLSCI measurement, multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging (MLSCI) has been introduced. However this increases image acquisition time as consecutive images at different exposure times need to be acquired. On the basis of the novel LSCI method, a new MLSCI scheme has been invented. The advantage of the MLSCI is that each frame is exposed with a fixed duration and various exposure times are alternatively achieved by accumulating several successive frames. In this way, the requirement to obtain a wide range of exposure times from consecutive images is overcome. This reduces image acquisition time as it depends on the longest exposure time rather than the sum of all exposures. From measurements of a rotating diffuser, the MLSCI was demonstrated to be capable of quantitatively measuring flow changes as in LDI. III
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Nguyen, Hoang Cuong. "High speed processing for laser doppler blood flow imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517694.

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Fisico, Alfredo Odon Rodriguez Ingeniero. "Determination of flow with echo-planar imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363605.

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Shymkiw, Roxane Chia-Chi. "Measurement of blood flow in bone by laser Doppler imaging." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/MQ55267.pdf.

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Himsworth, John M. "Linear array CMOS detectors for laser Doppler blood flow imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12392/.

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Laser Doppler blood flow imaging is well established as a tool for clinical research. The technique has considerable potential as an aid to diagnosis and as a treatment aid in a number of situations. However, to make widespread clinical use of a blood flow imager feasible a number of refinements are required to make the device easy to use, accurate and safe. Existing LDBF systems consist of 2D imaging systems, and single point scanning systems. 2D imaging systems can offer fast image acquisition time, and hence high frame rate. However, these require high laser power to illuminate the entire target area with sufficient power. Single point scanning systems allow lower laser power to be used, but building up an image of flow in skin requires mechanical scanning of the laser, which results in a high image acquisition time, making the system awkward to use. A new approach developed here involves scanning a line along a target, and imaging the line with a 1D sensor array. This means that only one axis of mechanical scanning is required, reducing the scanning speed, and the laser power is vastly reduced from that required for a 2D system. This approach lends itself well to the use of integrated CMOS detectors, as the smaller pixel number means that a linear sensor array can be implemented on an IC which has integrated processing while keeping overall IC size, and hence cost, lower than equivalent 2D imaging systems. A number of front-end and processing circuits are investigated in terms of their suitability for this application. This is done by simulating a range of possible designs, including several logarithmic pixels, active pixel sensors and opamp-based linear front-ends. Where possible previously fabricated ICs using similar sensors were tested in a laser Doppler flowmetry system to verify simulation results. A first prototype IC (known as BVIPS1) implements a 64x1 array of buffered logarithmic pixels, chosen for their combination of sufficient gain and bandwidth and compact size. The IC makes use of the space available to include two front-end circuits per pixel, allowing other circuits to be prototyped. This allows a linear front-end based on opamps to be tested. It is found that both designs can detect changes in blood flow despite significant discrepancies between simulated and measured IC performance. However, the signal-noise ratio for flux readings is high, and the logarithmic pixel array suffers from high fixed pattern noise, and noise and distortion that makes vein location impossible. A second prototype IC (BVIPS2) consists of dual 64x1 arrays, and integrated processing. The sensor arrays are a logarithmic array, which addresses the problems of the first IC and uses alternative, individually selectable front-ends for each pixel to reduce fixed-pattern noise, and an array of opamp-based linear detectors. Simulation and initial testing is performed to show that this design operates as intended, and partially overcomes the problems found on the previous IC - the IC shows reduced fixed pattern noise and better spatial detection of blood flow changes, although there is still significant noise.
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Hinsdale, Taylor A. "Laser Speckle Imaging: A Quantitative Tool for Flow Analysis." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1251.

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Laser speckle imaging, often referred to as laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA), has been sought after as a quasi-real-time, full-field, flow visualization method. It has been proven to be a valid and reliable qualitative method, but there has yet to be any definitive consensus on its ability to be used as a quantitative tool. The biggest impediment to the process of quantifying speckle measurements is the introduction of additional non dynamic speckle patterns from the surroundings. The dynamic speckle pattern under investigation is often obscured by noise caused by background static speckle patterns. One proposed solution to this problem is known as dynamic laser speckle imaging (dLSI). dLSI attempts to isolate the dynamic speckle signal from the previously mentioned background and provide a consistent dynamic measurement. This paper will investigate the use of this method over a range of experimental and simulated conditions. While it is believable that dLSI could be used quantitatively, there were inconsistencies that arose during analysis. Simulated data showed that if the mixed dynamic and static speckle patterns were modeled as the sum of two independent speckle patterns, increasing static contributions led to decreasing dynamic contrast contributions, something not expected by theory. Experimentation also showed that there were scenarios where scattering from the dynamic media obscured scattering from the static medium, resulting in poor estimates of the velocities causing the dynamic scattering. In light of these observations, steps were proposed and outlined to further investigate into this method. With more research it should be possible to create a set of conditions where dLSI is known be accurate and quantitative.
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Lim, Brian. "Modeling ultrasound imaging of red blood cell aggregation in shear flow." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/NQ41213.pdf.

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Pierce, Iain Thomas. "MR sequence development for imaging venous blood flow in the leg." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10210.

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Deep Vein Thrombosis is a common complication in bed-ridden patients, described as the main cause of preventable hospital deaths in the UK (NICE 2010). Mechanical prophylaxis aims to promote venous flow, either statically with compression stockings, or dynamically with intermittent pneumatic compression or electrical muscle stimulation. Previous studies used ultrasound for venous flow measurements, limited to a single deep vein at a time, and some anatomical MRI for investigating the mechanisms behind these prophylaxes. MRI velocity mapping is used clinically in the arterial system where gating enables data accumulation over multiple cardiac cycles. This thesis describes the development of two real-time MRI spiral velocity mapping sequences for imaging venous blood flow in the leg, where venous flow variability is largely unrelated to the cardiac cycle. Real-time imaging with spiral gradient readouts minimised image duration. A phase-image fitting technique requiring only a velocity-encoded phase image was implemented for acceleration. For in vivo comparison, conventional flow imaging required metronome-guided breathing for a regular venous flow waveform. The long spiral readouts were sensitive to off-resonance and flow artefacts, where some unpublished effects were investigated. The off-resonance associated with deoxygenation of venous blood did not cause notable spiral artefacts, but disrupted the phase-image fitting technique and required correction with a pre-scan. The spiral flow methods demonstrated increased venous blood velocity and flow during application of mechanical compression. Metronome-guided breathing was also applied to vein wall imaging, where it detected wall thickening in patients with Behçet’s disease compared with normal subjects. For the first time, this thesis evaluated real-time MRI spiral velocity mapping of venous blood velocity and flow. The high resolution (1mm) and short image time required caused challenging off-resonance and flow artefacts. With some limitations, real-time spiral flow MRI during operation of compression devices may assist in their optimisation.
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Books on the topic "Bidimensional blood flow imaging"

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Redel, Dierk A. Color Blood Flow Imaging of the Heart. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71172-5.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Cerebral Blood Flow: Mathematical Models, Instrumentation, and Imaging Techniques for the Study of CBF (1986 L'Aquila, Italy). Cerebral blood flow: Mathematical models, instrumentation, and imaging techniques. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.

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United States. Agency for Health Care and Policy Research., ed. Magnetic resonance angiography: Vascular and flow imaging. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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J, Angerson W., and Biological Engineering Society. Scientific Conference, eds. Blood flow in the brain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

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R, Deane Colin, Goldberg Barry B. 1937-, and Merton Daniel A, eds. An Atlas of ultrasound color flow imaging. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997.

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Sugawara, Motoaki. Blood Flow in the Heart and Large Vessels. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1989.

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S, Sideman, Beyar Rafael, and Henry Goldberg Workshop on Imaging, Measurement, and Analysis of the Heart (6th : 1989 : Elat, Israel), eds. Imaging, measurements, and analysis of the heart. New York: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1991.

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Josef, Ell Peter, ed. Brain blood flow in neurology and psychiatry. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1991.

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Åke, Öberg P., Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., European Optical Society, European Laser Association, and Netherlands Medical Laser Association, eds. Optical techniques and instrumentation for the measurement of blood composition, structure, and dynamics: 7-8 July 2000, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 2000.

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Doppler blood flow measurement in uteroplacental and fetal vessels: Pathophysiological and clinical significance. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bidimensional blood flow imaging"

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Peronneau, P., B. Diebold, J. P. Guglielmi, O. Lanusel, R. Bele, and J. Souquet. "Structure and performances of mono- and bidimensional pulsed Doppler systems." In Color Doppler Flow Imaging, 3–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4283-7_1.

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Stalmans, Ingeborg, Selim Orgül, and Leopold Schmetterer. "Color Doppler Imaging." In Ocular Blood Flow, 147–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69469-4_8.

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Hall, Laurance D., and Steven C. R. Williams. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging." In Cerebral Blood Flow, 185–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5565-6_10.

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Turner, R. "Perfusion Studies and Fast Imaging." In Cerebral Blood Flow, 245–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5565-6_13.

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Moonis, M., Majaz Moonis, and Marc Fisher. "Advances in Imaging in Ischemic Stroke." In Cerebral Blood Flow, 191–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56036-1_14.

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Cami, Elvis. "Physiology of Coronary Blood Flow." In Interventional Cardiology Imaging, 13–27. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5239-2_2.

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Hunter, George, Leena M. Hamberg, Michael H. Lev, and Ramon Gilberto Gonzales. "Computed Tomography Angiography and Perfusion Imaging of Acute Stroke." In Cerebral Blood Flow, 165–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56036-1_12.

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Sokoloff, Louis. "Basic Principles in Imaging of Regional Cerebral Metabolic Rates with Radioisotopes." In Cerebral Blood Flow, 35–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5565-6_3.

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Lammertsma, Adriaan A. "Quantification of Cerebral Blood Flow." In Molecular Imaging in the Clinical Neurosciences, 99–109. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7657_2012_43.

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Redel, Dierk A. "Principles of Color Blood Flow Imaging." In Color Blood Flow Imaging of the Heart, 5–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71172-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bidimensional blood flow imaging"

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Delles, Michael, Fabian Rengier, Yoo-Jin Azad, Sebastian Bodenstedt, Hendrik von Tengg-Kobligk, Sebastian Ley, Roland Unterhinninghofen, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, and Rüdiger Dillmann. "Non-invasive pulmonary blood flow analysis and blood pressure mapping derived from 4D flow MRI." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Barjor Gimi and Robert C. Molthen. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2082037.

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Hartmann, M., M. A. Simons, B. Yih, and R. A. Kruger. "Blood Flow Determination From Fluoroscopic Image Sequences." In Medical Imaging II, edited by Roger H. Schneider and Samuel J. Dwyer III. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.968658.

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Wang, Zhiqiang, Ye Zhao, Whitney Yu, Xi Chen, Chen Lin, Stephen F. Kralik, and Gary D. Hutchins. "Using flow feature to extract pulsatile blood flow from 4D flow MRI images." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Martin A. Styner and Elsa D. Angelini. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249500.

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Hentschke, Clemens M., Steffen Serowy, Gábor Janiga, Georg Rose, and Klaus D. Tönnies. "Estimating blood flow velocity in angiographic image data." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Kenneth H. Wong and David R. Holmes III. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.878019.

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Brosig, Richard, Markus Kowarschik, Peter Maday, Amin Katouzian, Stefanie Demirci, and Nassir Navab. "Blood flow quantification using 1D CFD parameter identification." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Sebastien Ourselin and Martin A. Styner. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2043026.

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Dantas, Ricardo G., Eduardo T. Costa, Joaquim M. Maia, and Vera L. d. S. Nantes Button. "Ultrasonic Doppler blood flow meter for extracorporeal circulation." In Medical Imaging 2000, edited by Chin-Tu Chen and Anne V. Clough. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.383426.

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Rodriguez, Alfredo O., and Peter Mansfield. "Wavelet enhancement method to visualise heart blood flow." In Medical Imaging 2000, edited by Kenneth M. Hanson. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.387653.

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Jacoby, Raffael S., Rainer Herpers, Franz M. Zwiebel, and Karl-Hans Englmeier. "Blood flow estimation in gastroscopic true-color images." In Medical Imaging 1995, edited by Eric A. Hoffman. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.209680.

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Shpilfoygel, Simon D., Robert A. Close, Reza Jahan, Gary R. Duckwiler, and Daniel J. Valentino. "Instantaneous videodensitometric radially dependent bulk blood flow measurement." In Medical Imaging '99, edited by Chin-Tu Chen and Anne V. Clough. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.349608.

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Shaughnessy, Gabe, Carson Hoffman, Sebastian Schafer, Charles A. Mistretta, and Charles M. Strother. "Quantitative flow and velocity measurements of pulsatile blood flow with 4D-DSA." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Thomas G. Flohr, Joseph Y. Lo, and Taly Gilat Schmidt. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2254143.

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Reports on the topic "Bidimensional blood flow imaging"

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Li, Xiao, GX Xu, FY Ling, ZH Yin, Y. Wei,, Y. Zhao, Xn Li, WC Qi, L. Zhao, and FR Liang. The dose-effect association between electroacupuncture sessions and its effect on chronic migraine: a protocol of a meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0085.

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Review question / Objective: We will use a meta-regression approach to verify the dose-effect relationship between the number of electroacupuncture sessions and its effects on migraine. Condition being studied: Migraine is recurrent and chronic, requiring long-term control, but the side effects caused by long-term use limit the use of pharmacotherapy, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), ergoamines and opioids. With fewer side effects and lower cost, acupuncture is becoming a more attractive option for migraine. Relevant studies have confirmed the clinical effects of electroacupuncture on migraine and its effects on intracranial blood flow velocity, functional brain imaging and neuroinflammation. However, uncertainty exists regarding the dose-effect between electroacupuncture and migraine. In recent years, inspired by the dose-effect researches in pharmacology and epidemiology, researches focusing on the dose-effect association between acupuncture and diseases has also begun to emerge. So in this protocol, we designed to use a meta-regression approach to explore the optimal electroacupuncture dose for migraine.
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2

Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Noam Meiri. Development of Strategic Pre-Natal Cycling Thermal Treatments to Improve Livability and Productivity of Heavy Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593395.bard.

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The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and live performance led to the following hypothesis: Appropriate comprehensive incubation treatments that include significant temperature management changes will promote angiogenesis and will improve acquisition of thermotolerance and carcass quality of heavy broilers through epigenetic adaptation. It was based on the following questions: 1. Can TM during embryogenesis of broilers induce a longer-lasting thermoregulatory memory (up to marketing age of 10 wk) that will improve acquisition of thermotolerance as well as increased breast meat yield in heavy broilers? 2. The improved sensible heat loss (SHL) suggests an improved peripheral vasodilation process. Does elevated temperature during incubation affect vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes in the chick embryo? Will such create subsequent advantages for heavy broilers coping with adverse hot conditions? 3. What are the changes that occur in the PO/AH that induce the changes in the threshold response for heat production/heat loss based on the concept of epigenetic temperature adaptation? The original objectives of this study were as follow: a. to assess the improvement of thermotolerance efficiency and carcass quality of heavy broilers (~4 kg); b. toimproveperipheral vascularization and angiogenesis that improve sensible heat loss (SHL); c. to study the changes in the PO/AH thermoregulatory response for heat production/losscaused by modulating incubation temperature. To reach the goals: a. the effect of TM on performance and thermotolerance of broilers reared to 10 wk of age was studied. b. the effect of preincubation heating with an elevated temperature during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation in the presence of modified fresh air flow coupled with changes in turning frequency was elucidated; c.the effect of elevated temperature on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis was determined using in ovo and whole embryo chick culture as well as HIF-1α VEGF-α2 VEGF-R, FGF-2, and Gelatinase A (MMP2) gene expression. The effects on peripheral blood system of post-hatch chicks was determined with an infrared thermal imaging technique; c. the expression of BDNF was determined during the development of the thermal control set-point in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” Recently, Piestunet al. (2008) demonstrated for the first time that TM (an elevated incubation temperature of 39.5°C for 12 h/d from E7 to E16) during the development/maturation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis (thermoregulation) and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis (stress) significantly improved the thermotolerance and performance of broilers at 35 d of age. These phenomena raised two questions that were addressed in this project: 1. was it possible to detect changes leading to the determination of the “set point”; 2. Did TM have a similar long lasting effect (up to 70 d of age)? 3. Did other TM combinations (pre-heating and heating during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation) coupled with changes in turning frequency have any performance effect? The improved thermotolerance resulted mainly from an efficient capacity to reduce heat production and the level of stress that coincided with an increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2008; 2009). The increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2009) suggested an additional positive effect of TM on vasculogenesis and angiogensis. 4. In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of the chorioallantoic membrane development was thought to increase vasculogenesis and angiogenesis providing better vasodilatation and by that SHL post-hatch.
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