Journal articles: 'Bidding'

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Ekwonwune, Emmanuel Nwabueze, Duru Ngozi A., and Uka Kanayo K. "Design of a web – based online Contract Administrative System platform of an Engineering firm." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 05 (May 12, 2019): 24612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v8i05.4285.

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This paper is aimed at designing a dynamic web – based Contract Bidding Information System that will be used to register details online to enable bidding for advertised contracts. It was motivated by the growing recognition of the need to modify bidding operation previously done manually. The Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) was used to develop a contract bidding system. A web – based application will be developed to enable bidders register and submit their biddings online.

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Li, Yu Hui. "Chinese Enterprises in the Competition in the International Project Bidding Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.1111.

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The biddingat home and abroad was reviewed and compared with the bidding,pre-qualification, project environment differences, similarities anddifferences of contract conditions, etc.International project tender offersstrategy including binding decision-making strategy, in-depth hinterlandstrategy and combined strategy. Transnational project bidding quotation hasexpanded the unit price, opens the mouth to upgrade offer, more quotation, noprofit, joint offer insurance mark, and other skills. Through these analyses,put forward reasonable suggestions to our country in the international projectbidding work.

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Zhu, Xiao Bo. "Strategic Learning in Multiple Equilibria for Double Bargaining Mechanism by PSO." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.258.

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The learning behaviours of buyers and sellers with the assumption of bounded rationality were studied in the double sealed-bid bargaining mechanism. A multi-agent simulation trading system was constructed to observe the process of equilibrium approach when exist the multiple equilibria. The bidding choices of the agents were modelled by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In our proposed model, two populations of buyers and sellers were randomly matched to deal repeatedly until the iteration stop, and each agent would update his bidding strategy in each round by imitating the successful member in his population and by private experience. Results show that the final biddings of the agents in both populations commonly approach a Nash equilibrium which is reasonable for the market principle.

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Thompson, A. G., and V. W. C. Lok. "OFFSHORE PETROLEUM EXPLORATION IN AUSTRALIA ACREAGE BIDDING SYSTEMS: WORK BIDDING OR CASH BIDDING?" APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02039.

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The design and efficiency of offshore petroleum acreage bidding systems bear directly on the risk and cost for participants investing in exploration and development projects offshore Australia.Companies, financiers and investors who are interested in investing in petroleum exploration and development activities will find a mixed regime of State and Federal legislation governs such activities in Australia.While the concept of the work program bidding system appears to be sound, the administration of it by the Joint Authorities and Designated Authorities and delegated officers potentially creates many uncertainties for permittees.The approval process is generally a costly and time consuming one under the work program bidding system and its administrative cost diverts funds that otherwise may have been directed to exploration activities.Work program permits are also susceptible to uncertainty and dispute as to whether or not the required work program has been met. Issues of proper or improper exercise of discretionary powers can arise, particularly when wide statutory discretionary powers are in practice circumscribed by Administrative Guidelines.The existence of statutory and administrative discretion requires, in the interests of natural justice, that there be appropriate avenues of appeal for aggrieved permittees. All of the foregoing regulation and cost is removed with cash bid permits. Cash bid permits not only reduce costs for Government but also for industry.The authors are of the view that offering permits by way of the cash bidding system should be reintroduced, with modifications to ensure its efficiency.

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Anh, Chu Minh. "Law on Bidding in Capital Construction: Current Status of Regulations, Limitations and Proposed Solutions." Middle East Research Journal of Economics and Management 4, no. 03 (May 7, 2024): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjem.2024.v04i03.001.

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Bidding is part of procurement activities between businesses, between businesses and state agencies. This is a form of civilized competition in the market economy, a special transaction method for large-scale transactions that require efficiency and transparency. The nature of bidding is a form of civilized competition in a market economy. Bidding activities are carried out in many fields such as construction, equipment procurement, project implementation, etc. Therefore, all professional businesses, whether Vietnam or foreign, no matter what field, any model, if it has enough capacity, cannot be ignored in bidding. Laws on bidding in the field of capital construction play an important role in managing and regulating bidding activities in the construction industry. Currently, Vietnam law has documents regulating public procurement such as Bidding Law 2013 effective from July 1, 2014, Decree No. 63/2014/ND-CP stipulates detailed implementation of several articles of the Bidding Law on contractor selection, etc. Some issues related to the current status of provisions of Vietnam law on public bidding and procurement activities are the selection of bidding form, bidding process, healthy competition, openness, and transparency in public bidding activities. This study analyzes the regulations and limitations of the law on bidding in the field of capital construction, thereby proposing solutions to improve the law on this issue.

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Tsung, Chen-Kun, Hann-Jang Ho, and Sing-Ling Lee. "Strategic Bidding Behaviors in Nondecreasing Sponsored Search Auctions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/206386.

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To realize the specific results in the sponsored search auctions, most advertisers submit particular bid prices. The bidding behaviors with specific purposes are called as the strategic bidding. However, some strategic bidding behaviors will result in negative effects, such as the elimination of the equilibrium and the payment increase for some advertisers. The bidding behaviors with negative results are termed as the vindictive bidding. We survey four strategic bidding behaviors which include a rational bidding and three vindictive bidding strategies. In this paper, we study the relationship between the effects resulted by the vindictive bidding and the valuations of the vindictive advertisers. In our experiments, the search engine provider (SEP) is benefited by all vindictive bidding behaviors, and the increment of the SEP's revenue is proportional to the degree of the vindictiveness. Bidding vindictively without sacrificing the own utility improves the advertiser's utility with high probability. Moreover, we observe that the SEP's revenue is improved by the following situations. First, the vindictive advertiser with low valuation in the keywords with high market value results in more SEP's revenue than that in the keywords with low market value. The second case is to raise the bidding competition between advertisers.

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Fu, Heyan. "Construction Project Bidding Agency and Cost Management Strategy in Bidding Stage." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 6, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v6i3.3913.

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In the social development, bidding agency plays an important part, providing services for the development of construction project bidding, and endows the development of construction project bidding with a diversified characteristic. The cost management of a construction project bidding stage has a dynamic characteristic. The bidding agency can provide bidding related business for the construction enterprises to ensure the quality and the effect of the bidding service, leading to the foundation for the sustainable development of the construction enterprises. This paper analyzes the deficiency in the bidding agency, and cost management in the bidding stage of the construction projects, as well provide some effective countermeasures or recommendation, to improve the value, and the role of the bidding agency in managing and controlling the construction project cost within the scope allowed by the law, and regulations, and also to ensure the comprehensive benefits of construction projects for the construction enterprise.

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Chiou, Chin Rung, Jyh Dong Lin, and Guan Jia Huang. "Analyzing Bidding Strategy for Pavement Engineering with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.798.

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This study analyzes key success factors of bidding results and provides the optimal bidding strategy for the pavement engineering. According to Public construction bidding management system data of Public Construction Commission of Executive Yuan, we found that the optimal bidding strategies in the most studies only focused on bidding prices and winning bid amounts. However, public constructions are usually on a large scale with great investments, it is critical to control budgets under quality and duration considerations. In addition, it is complicated for bidders to implement the optimal bidding strategy under multiple bidding factors. Hence, this study applies statistical analysis to find key success factors of bidding data in Taoyuan pavement engineering from 2008 to 2012 for evaluating the optimal bidding strategy with the multi-criteria decision-making method. Our research results show that bidders can increase the probability of winning bids and enables to allocate their resources with accurate bidding price forecast. In particular, the differences between the award amounts and base prices after applying the optimal bidding strategy are also provided.

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Nguyen, Hoang Phuoc. "Factors affecting the reduction range in biddings in Ca Mau province." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 1, Q3 (December 31, 2017): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v1iq3.454.

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The objective of this paper is to examine factors affecting the price reduction range in biddings in Ca Mau province by bidding organizers. Based on theory of asymmetric information by Acerola (1970), we employed multiple regression model on data of 500 bid packages in Ca Mau from 2009 to 2016 to test hypotheses. The results indicate the number of participating bidders (N), funds allocated for bid packages (C), owner (O), and the total investment (TI) are positively related to the reduction range (RR). In addition, bid decider (D)and contracting time (CT) are negatively related to the reduction range (RR) while type of project (GP) has no impact. The paper offers some policy implications to improve the efficiency of the bidding activities and suggestions to authorities concerning legal framework on public investment so as to better manage public investment.

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Nie, Dong. "The Prediction Study of Bidding Control Price Based on GM Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1524.

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The bidding control price is the highest price of the project bidding price which is set beforehand. The appropriately bidding control price which tenders compile can embody the excellent enterprise`s competitiveness, improve the efficiency of bidding and reduce the project cost. So how to forecast the bidding control price accurately and rapidly has important significance for the bidding work. In this paper, based on the gray system theory and taking the interaction between main variables of the bidding control price into due consideration, the gray prediction model is established to forecast the bidding control price. The building, calculation, error precision of the model is explained in details. Finally, the result is verified by real projects.

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Luo, Xiaotong, Yongjian Chen, Shengda Zhuo, Jie Lu, Ziyang Chen, Lichun Li, Jingyan Tian, Xiaotong Ye, and Yin Tang. "Imagine and Imitate: Cost-Effective Bidding under Partially Observable Price Landscapes." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 8, no. 5 (April 28, 2024): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8050046.

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Real-time bidding has become a major means for online advertisement exchange. The goal of a real-time bidding strategy is to maximize the benefits for stakeholders, e.g., click-through rates or conversion rates. However, in practise, the optimal bidding strategy for real-time bidding is constrained by at least three aspects: cost-effectiveness, the dynamic nature of market prices, and the issue of missing bidding values. To address these challenges, we propose Imagine and Imitate Bidding (IIBidder), which includes Strategy Imitation and Imagination modules, to generate cost-effective bidding strategies under partially observable price landscapes. Experimental results on the iPinYou and YOYI datasets demonstrate that IIBidder reduces investment costs, optimizes bidding strategies, and improves future market price predictions.

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Zhang, Xiaoyu, Rongheng Lin, Yuchang Bo, and Fangchun Yang. "The Synergy of Double Neural Networks for Bridge Bidding." Mathematics 10, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 3187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10173187.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has made many breakthroughs in the perfect information game. Nevertheless, Bridge, a multiplayer imperfect information game, is still quite challenging. Bridge consists of two parts: bidding and playing. Bidding accounts for about 75% of the game and playing for about 25%. Expert-level teams are generally indistinguishable at the playing level, so bidding is the more decisive factor in winning or losing. The two teams can communicate using different systems during the bidding phase. However, existing bridge bidding models focus on at most one bidding system, which does not conform to the real game rules. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning model that supports multiple bidding systems, which can compete with players using different bidding systems and exchange hand information normally. The model mainly comprises two deep neural networks: a bid selection network and a state evaluation network. The bid selection network can predict the probabilities of all bids, and the state evaluation network can directly evaluate the optional bids and make decisions based on the evaluation results. Experiments show that the bidding model is not limited by a single bidding system and has superior bidding performance.

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Shan, Hong Sheng. "Research on Power Equipment Bidding Evaluation Combining the Entropy-Weight Method and the ELECTRE Method." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1490.

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Bidding evaluation is an important aspect in equipment procurement, and there are still some problems with the current bidding evaluation method being used. This paper presents a bidding evaluation method which combines the entropy-weight method and the ELECTRE method to create a new bidding evaluation model. Finally, the application of this bidding evaluation method in power equipment purchase is illustrated by using thermal power auxiliary equipment bidding procurement as an example.

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Verma, Shyam. "Bidding adieu." Indian Dermatology Online Journal 6, no. 6 (2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.169734.

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Glimcher, Laurie H. "Bidding Farewell." Journal of Immunology 171, no. 12 (December 5, 2003): 6313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6313.

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Klemperer, P. "BIDDING MARKETS." Journal of Competition Law and Economics 3, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhl017.

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Lockwood, Dunbar. "Bidding down." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 48, no. 3 (April 1992): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1992.11460074.

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Bhat, Jay, and Sam Payne. "Bidding Chess." Mathematical Intelligencer 31, no. 4 (June 19, 2009): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-009-9057-7.

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Huston, Patricia. "Bidding farewell." Canadian Journal of Public Health 97, no. 3 (May 2006): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405576.

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Giovannoni, Francesco, and Miltiadis Makris. "REPUTATIONAL BIDDING." International Economic Review 55, no. 3 (July 28, 2014): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12067.

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Christianson, Jon B. "Competitive bidding." Health Care Management Review 10, no. 2 (January 1985): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004010-198501020-00006.

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Deltas, George, and Richard Engelbrecht-Wiggans. "Naive Bidding." Management Science 51, no. 3 (March 2005): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1040.0330.

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Fellows, R. F. "Karma bidding." Habitat International 14, no. 2-3 (January 1990): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(90)90041-x.

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Desai, Chetna. "Bidding Adieu…" Indian Journal of Pharmacology 49, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_47_17.

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Lan Oo, Bee, Hing‐Po Lo, and Benson Teck‐Heng Lim. "The effect of bidding success in construction bidding." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 19, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699981211192553.

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PurposeWinning a bid will carry implications for capacity level of a construction firm. This paper aims to examine the impact of a winning bid on contractors' bid pricing strategies.Design/methodology/approachIn identifying the specific types of bidding trends before and after a winning bid, the variations in bids are expressed as a function of time relative to winning bid – the “event” of interest in this study – using a piecewise mixed effects model. The bids analysed comprised series of bids with a winning bid in between, recorded from Hong Kong building contractors.FindingsThe results show that there is a relationship between bid price and bidding success. The bidders in general bid low for time periods before a winning bid and they are less competitive in time periods after a winning bid. However, by considering the individual bidders' characteristics that relate to differences in bidding competitiveness, it is shown that there is remarkable heterogeneity among the bidders in bid pricing decision for pre‐ and post‐winning periods. Nevertheless, the statistically significant bidding trends before and after a winning bid strengthen the notion that systematic changes in bidding behaviour over time do occur in reality in response to changes in firm capacity level.Originality/valueThis empirical investigation provides strong evidence on the systematic changes in bidding behaviour over time in response to changes in firm capacity level, supporting the need to incorporate firm capacity level in the future development of a suitable theoretical framework on construction bidding.

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Dong, Kunxiang, Yan Sun, Zongxiao Xie, and Jie Zhen. "How to Bid Success in Crowdsourcing Contest? ― Evidence from the Translation Tasks of Tripadvisor." Journal of Systems Science and Information 8, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2020-170-15.

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AbstractMaterial incentive is the main motivation for solvers to attend crowdsourcing tasks. So raising the bidding success rate is benefit to inspire the solvers attendance’ and increase the answering quality. This paper analyzes the effect of participation experience, task-fit capability, participation strategy and task attribute on the solvers bidding success by the solvers attending the series tasks of Tripadvisor. The results show that: 1) Participation times enrich the participation experiences and promote the bidding success, while bidding success times and last performances lower the bidding success because of the cognitive fixation; 2) The chance of bidding success will be increase when the solver own high task-fit capability; 3) The relationship between task submit sequence and bidding success is the type of reverse U shape, and the optimal submit sequence rate on the top of the reverse U shape; 4) Higher task difficulty lower bidding success, while higher task density easier bidding success.

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Putri, Miranda, and Christina L. Rudatin. "Peranan PCO dalam Bidding Konferensi Asosiasi: 2021 Asia Pacific Cities Summit." Bisnis Event 1, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/bev.v1i2.5408.

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Pihak yang seharusnya melakukan bidding adalah asosiasi lokal, namun demikian inisiatif untuk melakukan bidding dapat datang dari PCO. PT Rajawali Pacific Internusa adalah PCO yang memiliki inisiatif untuk melakukan bidding “Asia Pacific Cities Summit & Mayor’s Forum” di Brisbane, Australia Juli 2019 bersama dengan INACEB, Kementerian Pariwisata RI dan asosiasi terkait. Peran Rajawali Convex dalam bidding ini adalah sebagai pihak yang memprakarsai bidding 2021 APCS serta sebagai pemimpin dan pengarah pada saat tim bidding tiba, saat akan mengikuti bidding dan juga mengurus akomodasi selama berada di Brisbane selain itu PCO juga berperan sebagai narasumber saat juri menanyakan pertanyaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode observasi, metode wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menganalisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan, menjabarkan, menafsirkan suatu data yang diperoleh selama praktik kerja dan dibandingkan dengan teori yang berkaitan. Jurnal ini akan memberikan gambaran kepada pembaca mengenai peran PCO sebelum dan saat melakukan bidding untuk Konferensi asosiasi: “2021 Asia Pacific Cities Summit & Mayor’s Forum”. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah bahwa PCO dapat berperan sebagai pihak yang memprakarsai bidding untuk konferensi asosiasi. PCO merupakan pihak yang mempersiapkan keperluan untuk bidding dan saat melakukan bidding.

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Meng, Tao. "Computer Aided Design of Architecture Engineering Based on Mathematical Model of AHP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.877.

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In this paper we introduced AHP method in bidding management of construction engineering, and use the MATLAB software to establish the bidding computer analysis system. This paper expounds AHP of the construction bidding process, and design AHP of computer bidding management system according to it. In order to verify the applicability of the model in bidding management system, we use MATLAB software to design bidding data analysis and simulation experiment of the construction. Through the calculation we obtain MATLAB visual display window of bid data analysis. At 50 steps, the convergence residual is, which meets the design requirement of accuracy. It provides a theoretical reference for the bidding management of construction process.

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Keung, Chung Wai, and Tak Wing Yiu. "Potential for long-term sustainability." Facilities 33, no. 3/4 (March 2, 2015): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-07-2013-0056.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework of bidding model for maintenance contractors. Sustainability is closely linked with the maintenance of facilities or infrastructure. From maintenance contractor’s perspective, one of their key business processes is to bid projects under fierce competition. Their competitiveness is critically affected by their bidding behaviours and bid makeup selections. Design/methodology/approach – This paper aims at identifying critical and important objectives of bidding and items affecting bidding strategies and developing a bidding model for maintenance contractors. Findings – With the questionnaire surveys of 50 maintenance contractors, two critical objectives of bidding have been identified. Likewise, a total of eight critical and 12 important items affecting bidding strategy have also been identified. A bidding model for maintenance contractors is presented. Research limitations/implications – This model formulates the maintenance contractors’ bidding behaviors in a rational manner, and acts as a guideline to new and less experienced maintenance contractors to have a brief understanding about the bidding process and to assist them for establishing their own bidding strategies. With this knowledge, clients or maintenance contractors themselves would become easier to achieve their sustainability goals. Originality/value – Many academic researches on contractor’s bidding strategy emphasized on the general building works, and less attention has been given to maintenance works. Because of the fact that the community is awash with sustainability, and sustainability development is closely related to maintenance work, the business operation of maintenance contractors should be understood. This shall contribute to the achievement of sustainability goals for the society.

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T’Syen, Koen. "Market Power in Bidding Markets: An Economic Overview." World Competition 31, Issue 1 (March 1, 2008): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2008004.

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Undertakings often claim to operate on a bidding market, where it is impossible to have market power (“bidding market defence”). This defence is only valid under four conditions: winner-takes-all, lumpy demand, absence of lock-in effects and easy entry. If fulfilled, one speaks of an ideal bidding market. Non-compliance with at least one condition invalidates the defence, and “ordinary” antitrust problems resurge: firms may exercise market power. The feasibility thereof depends, firstly, on whether the bidding process is better qualified as an ascending or a sealed-bid auction and, secondly, on whether it is a private or a common value auction. Three common ways of exercising market power in impure bidding markets are collusion, predation and entry deterrence. These strategies can be effectively tackled under Articles 81 or 82, except for tacit collusion. Therefore, competition authorities should use their powers under the Merger Regulation to avoid that mergers between bidders facilitate coordinated behaviour. Consequently, markets with bidding contests do not always lead to competitive outcomes. To avoid confusion, these markets should not be referred to as “bidding markets” but as “markets with a bidding process”. The concept “bidding market” is better reserved for ideal bidding markets. This article has been shortlisted for the 3rd Young Writer’s Competition Award.

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Anggraeni, Dewi, and Bagus Juliyanto. "MODELISASI BIDDING BOX BRIDGE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KURVA BEZIER DAN INTERPOLASI LINIER." Majalah Ilmiah Matematika dan Statistika 22, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/mims.v22i1.22440.

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Bidding Box is used as a place for bridge bid cards with various models. The Bidding Box is made using a technique resulting from the Bezier curves and linear interpolations. This study aims to produce a procedure for how to design various relics in the Bidding Box. This research method is divided into several stages. First, build some basic objects as constituent components of the Bidding Box from beam and rectangular. Next, the procedure for assembling the components of the Bidding Box from the first procedure is on one modeling axis.Keywords : Bidding box, deformation, Bezier curveMSC2020 : 51A05

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Hu, Zhen Yu, Shui Bo Zhang, and Xin Yan Liu. "Research on Bidding Decision-making of International Public-Private Partnership Projects." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183803016.

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In order to select the optimal quasi-bidding project for an investment enterprise, a bidding decision-making model for international PPP projects was established in this paper. Firstly, the literature frequency statistics method was adopted to screen out the bidding decision-making indexes, and accordingly the bidding decision-making index system for international PPP projects was constructed. Then, the group decision-making characteristic root method, the entropy weight method, and the optimization model based on least square method were used to set the decision-making index weights. The optimal quasi-bidding project was thus determined by calculating the consistent effect measure of each decision-making index value and the comprehensive effect measure of each quasi-bidding project. Finally, the bidding decision-making model for international PPP projects was further illustrated by a hypothetical case. This model can effectively serve as a theoretical foundation and technical support for the bidding decision-making of international PPP projects.

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Su, Limin, Tianze Wang, Huimin Li, Yongchao Chao, and Lunyan Wang. "MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF UNBALANCED BIDDING." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.11568.

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Unbalanced bidding is a serious problem in the competitive bidding practices of construction projects. Identification and prevention of unbalanced bidding is an important and complexity task for owners. This paper aims to propose an identification model of unbalanced bidding from multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) perspective. The VIKOR method is employed to detect unbalanced bidding, in which the line items and bidders are considered as criteria and alternatives in MCDM, respectively. And the engineer’s estimated price is chosen as evaluation benchmarking. Then relative distances between engineer’s estimated price and each bidding unit price are calculated to build decision matrix. The weights of factors are determined using entropy weight method. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, an application example is tested in detecting unbalanced bidding. Finally, the sensitivity analysis about VIKOR method is given. It shows that the presented model would provide a robust decision making support for owner in identifying unbalanced bidding.

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Liu, Tianzheng. "Empowering Small and Medium Enterprises: A Paradigm Shift in Financing Mechanism and Policy Enhancement." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 78, no. 1 (April 18, 2024): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/78/20241723.

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This study presents a transformative narrative in the financial landscape, envisioning enhanced financing prospects for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). By dissecting the dynamics between financing mechanisms and policy frameworks in the stock market during 2015-2016 and 2020-2023, the research unveils a significant reduction in average discount rates under the new private placement policy, promising positive prospects for SMEs. Notably, major shareholder involvement demonstrates a positive correlation with discount rates in fixed-price issuances and a negative correlation in bidding issuances under the new policy. The correlation between major shareholder involvement and discount rates emphasizes market-driven competitive biddings potential to further alleviate discount rates. Policy recommendations advocate for enhanced regulatory oversight on private placements with major shareholders while championing competitive bidding. The study not only aligns with core findings but also aspires to catalyze a future where SMEs navigate financial challenges efficiently, fostering substantial economic growth. This dual perspective contributes to reshaping the SME financing landscape.

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Zhang, Xiaoyu, Wei Liu, Linhui Lou, and Fangchun Yang. "AI Enabled Bridge Bidding Supporting Interactive Visualization." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051877.

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With the fast progress in perfect information game problems such as AI chess and AI Go, researchers have turned to imperfect information game problems, including Texas Hold’em and Bridge. Bridge is one of the most challenging card games that have significant research value. Bridge playing is divided into two phases: bidding and playing. This paper focuses on bridge bidding and proposes a bridge bidding service framework using deep neural networks, and supports bidding visualization for the first time. The framework consists of two parts: the bidding model (BM) with a multilayer neural network, and a visualization system. The framework predicts not only reasonable bids from the existing bidding system of humans, but also provides intuitive explanations for decisions to enable human–computer information interaction. Experimental results show that this bidding AI outperforms majority of existing systems.

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Oo, Bee Lan, Abdul-Rashid Abdul-Aziz, and Yoke Mui Lim. "Information Feedback and Learning in Construction Bidding." Construction Economics and Building 11, no. 3 (September 21, 2011): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v11i3.2173.

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Information feedback condition in recurrent construction bidding is an important design variable about optimal procurement design. Contractors tend to optimize their bids in recurrent bidding with positive review of historic bids. Our experiment examines the effects of partial and no information feedback conditions on student (inexperienced) bidders’ bidding trends, and the extent to which their bidding trends agree with the behavioural patterns proposed by learning direction theory. The results show that the variations in bids over time for both information feedback conditions are statistically significant. Although the bidders with partial bidding feedback information are more likely to vary their bids as indicated by learning direction theory, their bids are less competitive than those with no bidding feedback information. Construction clients would need to consider the information feedback conditions in their procurement of construction services with the goal to achieve efficiency in construction bidding.

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Wang, Qiu Fang, Xing Liu, and Juan Fang Li. "Study on Employer's Cost Control in the Bidding Phase." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1791.

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Bidding stage is one of the important stages of cost control of project construction, which is a form of beforehand control and active control. In order to make rational use of construction funds and pursuit investment returns to a greater extent, the employer should strengthen the construction cost control in the bidding phase. To begin with, this paper analyzes the significance of construction cost control in the bidding phase, states the form of expression of construction cost in the bidding phase, and focuses on the analysis of influence factors of cost control in the bidding phase. Finally it puts forward some countermeasures to prevent the risk of project cost control in the bidding phase.

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Xu, De, and Qing Yang. "The Systems Approach and Design Path of Electronic Bidding Systems Based on Blockchain Technology." Electronics 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 3501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213501.

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The electronic tendering and bidding system has realized the digitalization, networking, and high integration of the whole process of tendering, bidding, bid evaluation, and contract, which has a wide range of applications. However, the trust degree, cooperation, and transaction efficiency of the parties involved in electronic bidding are low, and bidding fraud and collusion are forbidden repeatedly. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, transparent transactions, traceability, non-tampering and forgery detection, and data security. This paper proposes a design path of an electronic bidding system based on blockchain technology, which aims to solve the efficiency, trust, and security of the electronic trading process. By building the underlying architecture platform of blockchain and embedding the business process of electronic bidding, this realizes the transparency, openness, and traceability during the whole process of electronic bidding. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative methods to prove the effectiveness of the system.

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Xinyi, Yang, Chen Han, Chen Liu, Xie Ying, and Chen Bing. "Research on Intelligent Verification Technology of Bid Evaluation Results." BCP Business & Management 45 (April 27, 2023): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v45i.4961.

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Bidding is an important procurement method. By giving full play to the advantages of bidding enterprises and carrying out open and fair competition, it has realized the effective optimization of the market economic environment and significantly improved the benefits of engineering projects. The bidding of power engineering project is to realize the fair and transparent competition among bidding units. In order to improve the standardization and fairness of bid evaluation results and solve the final control problem of power bidding, it is particularly important to do a good job in the intelligent verification of bid evaluation results. This paper mainly studies the intelligent verification technology of bidding and bid evaluation results. By studying the bidding and bid evaluation process and standards, and using information intelligent technology, this project summarizes some standard laws and models for verifying the bid evaluation results, and develops the intelligent verification tool of bid evaluation results.

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Sun, Lei, Yan Zeng, and Hong Mei Xing. "Real-Time Bidding Based on MooTools without Refreshing Page." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2038.

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The link of bidding is the key to large quantities of goods and materials purchasing of the railway. To meet the requirements of the procurement bidding, both sides are required to complete the process of bidding, consultation, and evaluation within the set time online synchronously. This paper introduces the real-time bidding based on MooTools without page refreshed.

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Cheng, Min Yuan, and Chia Chi Hsiang. "Bidding Decision Model Based on Prospect Theory and Game Theory." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.951.

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In the construction industry, most of the owners apply competitive bidding to award a contract to the lowest price qualified contractor. This study proposes a model concerning the preferences and the behaviors of all decision makers whom participation in an competitive bidding to assist contractors to make optimal bidding strategy decisions and set appropriate bidding prices. Researchers demonstrated model applicability using an actual case study, which shows how this model help the construction company’s primary decision maker to determine the appropriate bidding price in a multi-competitors condition.

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Fu, Hao, Rong Fang Qin, Zhan Kui Dong, Dong Zheng, and Jian Pin Zha. "The Snip Bidding in Online Auction: Empirical Evidence from the Single Unit Auction on www.taobao.com." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.579.

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This paper comparatively analyses the snip bidding intensity using the auction data of two kinds of goods from www.taobao.com by normative data collecting method, based on observation of the relationship between the bidding time and auction price in online auction. Our results indicate that it has obvious snip bidding behavior in online auction on www.taobao.com. The intensity of the snip bidding is different because of different goods categories. It primarily proves that in Chinese online auction market there exists similar snip bidding behavior in mature market of developed countries.

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Ma, Xinqiang, Xuewei Li, Baoquan Zhong, Yi Huang, Ye Gu, Maonian Wu, Yong Liu, and Mingyi Zhang. "A Detector and Evaluation Framework of Abnormal Bidding Behavior Based on Supplier Portrait." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 16, no. 2 (April 2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2021040104.

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In a large number of bidding supplier groups, it is difficult to accurately find suppliers with unreasonable bidding behavior. In order to solve the problem of precise positioning of massive abnormal bidding behavior groups of diverse and widely distributed suppliers, the authors design a detector framework of abnormal bidding behavior based on supplier portrait. This paper mainly focuses on three abnormal bidding behaviors which harmful to the tenderers—“affiliated operation,” “subcontracting behavior,” and “colluding behavior.” Based on the bidding behavior records of suppliers, this paper establishes supplier portraits in four dimensions. In order to solve the problem that the detection algorithm under the unlabeled data is difficult to verify, this research establishes a new evaluation framework based on the bid base price formula and benefit map database of the supplier. The experiment verifies that the framework can effectively detect most suppliers with abnormal bidding behavior and can significantly change the benchmark price after eliminating abnormal suppliers.

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Zhang, Su Juan. "The Instances of Highway Engineering Bidding Price Control." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.947.

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Highway engineering tender price control is the maximum limit of the construction cost. A reasonable bidding price control is the key factor in controlling the project investment effectively and preventing the bidders bidding up the price, it is also the key to a successful bidding. In this paper, the compilation process of bidding price control is given with practical examples of highway engineering.

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De, Gejirifu, Zhongfu Tan, Menglu Li, Liling Huang, and Xueying Song. "Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization for the Strategic Bidding of a Generation Company Considering Wind Power Uncertainty." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 3527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123527.

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With the deregulation of electricity market, generation companies must take part in strategic bidding by offering its bidding quantity and bidding price in a day-ahead electricity wholesale market to sell their electricity. This paper studies the strategic bidding of a generation company with thermal power units and wind farms. This company is assumed to be a price-maker, which indicates that its installed capacity is high enough to affect the market-clearing price in the electricity wholesale market. The relationship between the bidding quantity of the generation company and market-clearing price is then studied. The uncertainty of wind power is considered and modeled through a set of discrete scenarios. A scenario-based two-stage stochastic bidding model is then provided. In the first stage, the decision-maker determines the bidding quantity in each time period. In the second stage, the decision-maker optimizes the unit commitment in each wind power scenario based on the bidding quantity in the first stage. The proposed two-stage stochastic optimization model is an NP-hard problem with high dimensions. To tackle the problem of “curses-of-dimensionality” caused by the coupling scenarios and improve the computation efficiency, a modified Benders decomposition algorithm is used to solve the model. The computational results show the following: (1) When wind power uncertainty is considered, generation companies prefer higher bidding quantities since the loss of wind power curtailment is much higher than the cost of additional power purchases in the current policy environment. (2) The wind power volatility has a strong negative effect on generation companies. The higher the power volatility is, the lower the profits, the bidding quantities, and the wind power curtailment of generation companies are. (3) The thermal power units play an important role in dealing with the wind power uncertainty in the strategic bidding problem, by shaving peak and filling valley probabilistic scheduling.

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Unal, Baki, and Çagdas Hakan Aladag. "Fuzzy logic-based bidding strategies in dynamic double auctions." Kybernetes 48, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 612–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2018-0040.

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Purpose Double auctions are widely used market mechanisms on the world. Communication technologies such as internet increased importance of this market institution. The purpose of this study is to develop novel bidding strategies for dynamic double auction markets, explain price formation through interactions of buyers and sellers in decentralized fashion and compare macro market outputs of different micro bidding strategies. Design/methodology/approach In this study, two novel bidding strategies based on fuzzy logic are presented. Also, four new bidding strategies based on price targeting are introduced for the aim of comparison. The proposed bidding strategies are based on agent-based computational economics approach. The authors performed multi-agent simulations of double auction market for each suggested bidding strategy. For the aim of comparison, the zero intelligence strategy is also used in the simulation study. Various market outputs are obtained from these simulations. These outputs are market efficiencies, price means, price standard deviations, profits of sellers and buyers, transaction quantities, profit dispersions and Smith’s alpha statistics. All outputs are also compared to each other using t-tests and kernel density plots. Findings The results show that fuzzy logic-based bidding strategies are superior to price targeting strategies and the zero intelligence strategy. The authors also find that only small number of inputs such as the best bid, the best ask, reference price and trader valuations are sufficient to take right action and to attain higher efficiency in a fuzzy logic-based bidding strategy. Originality/value This paper presents novel bidding strategies for dynamic double auction markets. New bidding strategies based on fuzzy logic inference systems are developed, and their superior performances are shown. These strategies can be easily used in market-based control and automated bidding systems.

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Gu, Feng. "Research on Rapid Bidding of Forgings." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5136.

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Forging, as a traditional machining, plays an important role in Chinese economics construction and equipment production. It is essential to enhance the level of management for forging enterprises. This study aims to reveal the cost composition of forgings and the law of bidding, and thereby make an integrated and intelligent bidding for forgings with reduction of bidding the difficulty and improvements of accuracy. Activity-based costing bidding for forging is studied in depth after analysis of forgings cost composition and enterprise business process. The research promotes the integration and intelligence of forging bidding as well as the accuracy and reasonableness.

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Yan, Ling, and Chao Chao Zhao. "Study on Unbalanced Bidding of Contractor Based on Engineering Change." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3367.

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Contractor uses the unbalanced bidding strategies for the income-generating, because unbalanced bidding can link the engineering change and income-generating. However the lack of knowledge for the change of project state is the key factor that the contractor can not achieve income-generating successfully. First the thesis identified the opportunity of contractor's unbalanced bidding from the construction plan, design drawings, and project amount. By introducing the trigger mechanism to show the trigger mechanism of the unbalanced bidding, it indicates that only when the unbalanced bidding is triggered by the engineering Change the state of project will execute as expected and the profit of contractor can ultimately change from A''' to B'''. Through analyzing the change of state of project under engineering change, the thesis gives unbalanced bidding strategy for contractor.

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Xiao, Liang, Kunhui Ye, Junhong Zhou, Xiaoting Ye, and Ramadhani Said Tekka. "A Social Network-Based Examination on Bid Riggers’ Relationships in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of China." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080363.

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Collusive bidding has been an insidious issue in the construction industry. Bidders initiate collusive networks of various sizes to win market shares. The popularity of collusive bidding networks affects market fairness and erodes the interests of market players. Although considerable research efforts were made to diagnose collusive bidding networks, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding the relationships bid riggers use to engage in the networks. Therefore, this study used the social network method, where two hundred sixteen collusion cases were collected from China to test these relationships. The results show that collusive bidding networks were characterized by sparseness, a small scale, a high concentration, and strong randomness. Three types of collusive bidding networks were also detected: contractual, spontaneous, and shadow. Furthermore, these collusive bidding networks had discrepancies regarding participants’ identities, forms of collusive bids, and the determination of bid winners. It was found that the proposed social network model of deliberating bid riggers’ relationships lays a solid foundation for the detection of collusive bidding in the construction sector.

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Wang, Shan Ju. "An Effective Way to Improve Bidding Quality — Initial Analysis of Bidding." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.120.

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The engineering pricing model has changed a lot since the implementation of pricing norms, especially the advocacy of unit price contract in the revised norms. It greatly affected the cost of the project's completion by the accuracy of comprehensive unit-price. This has brought great challenges to the bid evaluation. The experts of initial analysis of bidding identify problems analyze the reasons and give professional guidance by the check and analysis to bidding documents. This work can give advance to the bidding experts and owner; also can improve the quality of bid evaluation. The initial analysis of bidding is the trend of bidding evaluation in the future.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bidding'

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