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Journal articles on the topic 'Bicomponent melt spinning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Radhakrishnan, J., Takeshi Kikutani, and Norimasa Okui. "High-Speed Melt Spinning of Sheath-Core Bicomponent Polyester Fibers: High and Low Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Systems." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 9 (September 1997): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700908.

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Sheath-core bicomponent spinning of high molecular weight poly (ethylene terephthalate) (hmpet, IV = 1.02 dl/g) and low molecular weight pet (lmpet, IV = 0.65 dl/g) is done at a take-up velocity range of 1 to 7 km/min. The structures of the individual components in the as-spun bicomponent fibers are characterized. Orientation and orientation-induced crystallization of the hmpet component are enhanced, while those of the lmpet component are suppressed in comparison to corresponding single component spinning. Numerical simulation with the Newtonian model shows that elongational stress in the hmpet component is enhanced and that of the lmpet decreases during high-speed bicomponent spinning. The difference in elongational viscosity is the main factor influencing the mutual interaction between hmpet and lmpet, which in turn affect spinline dynamics, solidification temperature, and structural development in high-speed bicomponent spinning. Simulation with an upper-convected Maxwell model shows that considerable stress relaxation can occur in the lmpet component if the hmpet component solidifies before lmpet. A mechanism for structural development is also proposed, based on the simulation results and structural characterization data.

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2

Bostan, Lars, Omid Hosseinaei, Renate Fourné, and Axel S. Herrmann. "Upscaling of lignin precursor melt spinning by bicomponent spinning and its use for carbon fibre production." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2209 (September 13, 2021): 20200334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0334.

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Upscaling lignin-based precursor fibre production is an essential step in developing bio-based carbon fibre from renewable feedstock. The main challenge in upscaling of lignin fibre production by melt spinning is its melt behaviour and rheological properties, which differ from common synthetic polymers used in melt spinning. Here, a new approach in melt spinning of lignin, using a spin carrier system for producing bicomponent fibres, has been introduced. An ethanol extracted lignin fraction from LignoBoost process of commercial softwood kraft black liquor was used as feedstock. After additional heat treatment, melt spinning was performed in a pilot-scale spinning unit. For the first time, biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a spin carrier to enable the spinning of lignin by improving the required melt strength. PVA-sheath/lignin-core bicomponent fibres were manufactured. Afterwards, PVA was dissolved by washing with water. Pure lignin fibres were stabilized and carbonized, and tensile properties were measured. The measured properties, tensile modulus of 81.1 ± 3.1 GPa and tensile strength of 1039 ± 197 MPa, are higher than the majority of lignin-based carbon fibres reported in the literature. This new approach can significantly improve the melt spinning of lignin and solve problems related to poor spinnability of lignin and results in the production of high-quality lignin-based carbon fibres. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 2)’.

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3

Lund, Anja, Christian Jonasson, Christer Johansson, Daniel Haagensen, and Bengt Hagström. "Piezoelectric polymeric bicomponent fibers produced by melt spinning." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 126, no. 2 (April 8, 2012): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.36760.

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4

Hufenus, Rudolf, Ali Gooneie, Tutu Sebastian, Pietro Simonetti, Andreas Geiger, Dambarudhar Parida, Klaus Bender, Gunther Schäch, and Frank Clemens. "Antistatic Fibers for High-Visibility Workwear: Challenges of Melt-Spinning Industrial Fibers." Materials 13, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112645.

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Safety workwear often requires antistatic protection to prevent the build-up of static electricity and sparks, which can be extremely dangerous in a working environment. In order to make synthetic antistatic fibers, electrically conducting materials such as carbon black are added to the fiber-forming polymer. This leads to unwanted dark colors in the respective melt-spun fibers. To attenuate the undesired dark color, we looked into various possibilities including the embedding of the conductive element inside a dull side-by-side bicomponent fiber. The bicomponent approach, with an antistatic compound as a minor element, also helped in preventing the severe loss of tenacity often caused by a high additive loading. We could melt-spin a bicomponent fiber with a specific resistance as low as 0.1 Ωm and apply it in a fabric that fulfills the requirements regarding the antistatic properties, luminance and flame retardancy of safety workwear.

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5

Lin, Xiaofang, Wenbo Sun, Minggang Lin, Ting Chen, Kangming Duan, Huiting Lin, Chuyang Zhang, and Huan Qi. "Bicomponent core/sheath melt-blown fibers for air filtration with ultra-low resistance." RSC Advances 14, no. 20 (2024): 14100–14113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra02174f.

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6

Li, Jianhua, Yatao Wang, Xiaodong Wang, and Dezhen Wu. "Crystalline Characteristics, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Degradation Kinetics and Hydration Behavior of Biodegradable Fibers Melt-Spun from Polyoxymethylene/Poly(l-lactic acid) Blends." Polymers 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111753.

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A series of polyoxymethylene (POM)/poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) blends were prepared by melt extrusion, and their spinnability was confirmed by rheological characterizations, successive self-nucleation, and annealing thermal fractionation analysis. The bicomponent fibers were prepared by means of the melt-spinning and post-drawing technologies using the above-obtained blends, and their morphology, crystalline orientation characteristics, mechanical performance, hydration behavior, and thermal degradation kinetics were studied extensively. The bicomponent fibers exhibited a uniform diameter distribution and compact texture at the ultimate draw ratio. Although the presence of PLLA reduced the crystallinity of the POM domain in the bicomponent fibers, the post-drawing process promoted the crystalline orientation of lamellar folded-chain crystallites due to the stress-induced crystallization effect and enhanced the crystallinity of the POM domain accordingly. As a result, the bicomponent fibers achieved the relatively high tensile strength of 791 MPa. The bicomponent fibers exhibited a partial hydration capability in both acid and alkali media and therefore could meet the requirement for serving as a type of biodegradable fibers. The introduction of PLLA slightly reduced the thermo-oxidative aging property and thermal stability of the bicomponent fibers. Such a combination of two polymers shortened the thermal lifetime of the bicomponent fibers, which could facilitate their natural degradation for ecological and sustainable applications.

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7

Gan, Xue Hui, Na Na Liu, Xiao Jian Ma, Qiang Liu, and Chong Chang Yang. "Study on the Co-Extrusion Process Morphology and Performance of Skin-Core Bicomponent Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.553.

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In fiber melt spinning, a bunch of polymer melt filaments are continuously drawn and simultaneously cooled with air in order to obtain solidified yarns, which later compose the synthetic fiber in the bobbin. Melt spinning is a basic non-isothermal operation in the production of synthetic fibers, and the velocity and temperature fields in the filaments can be useful to control the quality of the final product. Therefore, the research of the temperature and the speed in the spinning path will be very important. Based on the theory of melt rheology, the co-extrusion morphology and performance of polymer melts PA6 /PET which extrude from circular spinning porous are simulated using finite element method. The effects of the fluid flux ration、cooling air temperature and winding speed on co-extrusion fiber interface and spinning process temperature are analyzed. And the simulated results show that the interfacial offset increases with the increase of the flow rate ratio of two polymers; changing the cooling air temperature, the temperature distribution has the same trend; low winding speed is conducive to the convergence of stretching rate. The simulated results can dynamically and quantitatively reflect the melt flow process, and these results can make guiding sense to engineering application.

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8

Maqsood, Muhammad, and Gunnar Seide. "Novel Bicomponent Functional Fibers with Sheath/Core Configuration Containing Intumescent Flame-Retardants for Textile Applications." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2019): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193095.

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The objective of this study is to examine the effect of intumescent flame-retardants (IFR’s) on the spinnability of sheath/core bicomponent melt-spun fibers, produced from Polylactic acid (PLA) single polymer composites, as IFR’s have not been tested in bicomponent fibers so far. Highly crystalline PLA-containing IFR’s was used in the core component, while an amorphous PLA was tested in the sheath component of melt-spun bicomponent fibers. Ammonium polyphosphate and lignin powder were used as acid, and carbon source, respectively, together with PES as a plasticizing agent in the core component of bicomponent fibers. Multifilament fibers, with sheath/core configurations, were produced on a pilot-scale melt spinning machine, and the changes in fibers mechanical properties and crystallinity were recorded in response to varying process parameters. The crystallinity of the bicomponent fibers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stabilities were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Thermally bonded, non-woven fabric samples, from as prepared bicomponent fibers, were produced and their fire properties, such as limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry values were measured. However, the ignitability of fabric samples was tested by a single-flame source test. Cone calorimetry showed a 46% decline in the heat release rate of nonwovens, produced from FR PLA bicomponent fibers, compared to pure PLA nonwovens. This indicated the development of an intumescent char by leaving a residual mass of 34% relative to the initial mass of the sample. It was found that the IFRs can be melt spun into bicomponent fibers by sheath/core configuration, and the enhanced functionality in the fibers can be achieved with suitable mechanical properties.

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9

Liu, Zenan, Diefei Hu, Juming Yao, Yan Wang, Guoqing Zhang, Dana Křemenáková, Jiri Militky, Jakub Wiener, Li Li, and Guocheng Zhu. "Fabrication and Performance of Phase Change Thermoregulated Fiber from Bicomponent Melt Spinning." Polymers 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091895.

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High thermostability of phase change materials is the critical factor for producing phase change thermoregulated fiber (PCTF) by melt spinning. To achieve the production of PCTF from melt spinning, a composite phase change material with high thermostability was developed, and a sheath-core structure of PCTF was also developed from bicomponent melt spinning. The sheath layer was polyamide 6, and the core layer was made from a composite of polyethylene and paraffin. The PCTF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis (TG), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fiber strength tester. The results showed that the core material had a very high thermostability at a volatilization temperature of 235 °C, the PCTF had an endothermic and exothermic process in the temperature range of 20–30 °C, and the maximum latent heat of the PCTF reached 20.11 J/g. The tenacity of the PCTF gradually decreased and then reached a stable state with the increase of temperature from −25 °C to 80 °C. The PCTF had a tenacity of 343.59 MPa at 0 °C, and of 254.63 MPa at 25 °C, which fully meets the application requirements of fiber in textiles.

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10

Xiang, Guodong, Hongjing Hua, Qingwen Gao, Jingwen Guo, Xuzhen Zhang, and Xiuhua Wang. "Fabrication and Properties of Self-crimp Side-by-Side Bicomponent Filaments Composed of Polyethylene Terephthalates with Different Intrinsic Viscosity." Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe 151, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2022-0009.

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Abstract Self-crimp side-by-side bicomponent filaments (SBSBFs) were prepared via melt spinning using two kinds of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with great disparity of intrinsic viscosity. The influence of the volume ratio on the surface morphology, crystallinity, crimping properties, mechanical properties and shrinkage properties of the bicomponent filaments was investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope, etc. As the proportion of the low-viscosity component increases, the shrinkage in boiling water or hot air, as well as the shrinkage force and the sonic orientation factor of the bicomponent filaments decrease, and the DSC heating curves change from double peaks to a single peak. These phenomena should be ascribed to the high orientation and low crystallinity of the high-viscosity PET component and low orientation and high crystallinity of the low-viscosity PET component. Moreover, the crimp property of the bicomponent filament with a volume ratio of 50:50 is superior to those with other volume ratios.

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11

Kohri, Youhei, Tomoaki Takebe, Yutaka Minami, Toshitaka Kanai, Wataru Takarada, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Structure and properties of low-isotacticity polypropylene elastomeric fibers prepared by sheath-core bicomponent spinning: effect of localization of high-isotacticity component near the fiber surface." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 3 (April 1, 2015): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0195.

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Abstract Sheath-core type bicomponent melt-spun fibers were produced by extruding the melts of low-isotacticity polypropylene (LPP) as the core component and the blend of LPP and high-isotacticity PP (IPP) as the sheath component. IPP content in the sheath was changed from 8 wt% to 40 wt% while sheath/core composition was varied from 50/50 to 10/90. Accordingly overall IPP content was kept constant at 4 wt%. Even though the overall IPP content was intact, bicomponent fibers with lower contraction ratio after spinning, higher elastic recovery and slightly higher modulus and strength were obtained by increasing the IPP content in the sheath and decreasing the sheath layer composition, i.e., localizing the IPP to the region near the surface in the fiber cross-section. Structure analysis of the as-spun fibers suggested the suppression of crystallization of LPP in the sheath by blending IPP. By contrast, enhancement of molecular orientation and crystallization of the sheath component were found to occur by localizing the IPP to the region near the fiber surface. It was speculated that this behavior was caused by the kinematic mutual interaction of the sheath and core components in the melt spinning process.

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12

Oh, Jiyeon, Young Kwang Kim, Sung-Ho Hwang, Hyun-Chul Kim, Jae-Hun Jung, Cho-Hyun Jeon, Jongwon Kim, and Sang Kyoo Lim. "Preparation of Side-By-Side Bicomponent Fibers Using Bio Polyol Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) and TPU/Polylactic Acid Blends." Fibers 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10110095.

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In this study, side-by-side bicomponent fibers were prepared by melt spinning using bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and TPU/polylactic acid (PLA) blends. The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the fibers were investigated. To this end, the synthesis of TPU using biomass-based polyols and the preparation of TPU/PLA blends were preceded. Their morphological and structural characteristics were investigated. The synthesis of TPU was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared analysis, and as a result of gel permeation chromatograph analysis, a compound having a weight average molecular weight of 196,107 was synthesized. The TPU/PLA blends were blended in the ratio of 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80 through a melt extruder. They formed a sea–island structure as a result of scanning electron microscope analysis, and an increase in the PLA content in the TPU matrix caused a decrease in the melt flow index. Finally, TPU/(TPU/PLA) side-by-side bicomponent fibers were prepared by utilizing the above two materials. These fibers exhibited tensile strengths of up to 3624 MPa, with improved biocarbon content of up to 71.5%. These results demonstrate the potential of TPU/(TPU/PLA) side-by-side bicomponent fibers for various applications.

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13

Hwan Oh, Tae. "Melt spinning and drawing process of PET side-by-side bicomponent fibers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 3 (2006): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23287.

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14

Yu, Jinchao, Xiaoyun Li, Hong Ji, Yang Zhang, and Kang Chen. "Evaluation of the crimp formability of side-by-side PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 15-16 (February 1, 2021): 1865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517521990903.

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To explore the feasibility of developing bio-based elastic fibers, bio-based polylactide (PLA) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) were selected for fabrication of side-by-side bicomponent fibers using bi-constituent melt-spinning technology. The structure development and performance of PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers was investigated using thermal mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction in order to evaluate the crimp formability of PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers. The PLA and PTT components could form regular boundary structure and exhibit excellent interface compatibility by regulation of the rheological behavior of the two melts. In the fiber forming process, the PTT component in PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers experienced higher tensile stress, and thereby enhanced the crystal and oriented structure development, while the structural evolution of the PLA component was inhibited. The difference in the structure of the two components causes the imbalance force existence in the PLA/PTT fibers, which is the main reason of fiber crimp. In addition, the crimp formability of the PLA/PTT fibers could be enhanced by expanding the shrinkage stress difference between the two components, which could be realized by increasing the PTT ratio in PLA/PTT bicomponent fiber or draw ratio. The maximum crimp extension that could be achieved was 85% for the bicomponent fibers with PLA30/PTT70 ratio at a draw ratio of 4.2.

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15

Wong, K. C., C. M. Haslauer, N. Anantharamaiah, B. Pourdeyhimi, A. D. Batchelor, and D. P. Griffis. "Focused Ion Beam Characterization of Bicomponent Polymer Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 16, no. 3 (March 17, 2010): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610000115.

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AbstractPrevious work has shown that focused ion beam (FIB) nanomachining can be effectively utilized for the cross-sectional analysis of polymers such as core-shell solid microspheres and hollow latex nanospheres. While these studies have clearly demonstrated the precise location selection and nanomachining control provided by the FIB technique, the samples studied consisted of only a single polymer. In this work, FIB is used to investigate bicomponent polymeric fiber systems by taking advantage of the component's differing sputter rates that result from their differing physical properties. An approach for cross sectioning and thus revealing the cross-sectional morphology of the polymeric components in a bicomponent polymeric fiber with the island-in-the-sea (I/S) structure is presented. The two I/S fibers investigated were fabricated using the melt spinning process and are composed of bicomponent combinations of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and nylon 6 (PA6) or polylactic acid (PLA) and an EastONETMproprietary polymer. Topographical contrast as a result of differential sputtering and the high surface specificity and high signal-to-noise obtained using FIB-induced secondary electron imaging is shown to provide a useful approach for the rapid characterization of the cross-sectional morphology of bicomponent polymeric fibers without the necessity of staining or other sample preparation.

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16

Jing Zhang, Yuan, Wataru Takarada, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Fabrication of Fiber‐Reinforced Single‐Polymer Composites through Compression Molding of Bicomponent Fibers Prepared by High‐Speed Melt Spinning Process." Sen'i Gakkaishi 71, no. 5 (2015): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.71.172.

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17

Kikutani, Takeshi, Sadaaki Arikawa, Akira Takaku, and Norimasa Okui. "Fiber Structure Formation in High-speed Melt Spinning of Sheath-Core Type Bicomponent Fibers." Sen'i Gakkaishi 51, no. 9 (1995): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.51.9_408.

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18

Ayad, Esma, Aurélie Cayla, François Rault, Anne Gonthier, Thierry LeBlan, Christine Campagne, and Eric Devaux. "Influence of Rheological and Thermal Properties of Polymers During Melt Spinning on Bicomponent Fiber Morphology." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 25, no. 8 (June 30, 2016): 3296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2193-2.

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19

Ayad, Esma, Aurélie Cayla, François Rault, Anne Gonthier, Christine Campagne, and Eric Devaux. "Effect of Viscosity Ratio of Two Immiscible Polymers on Morphology in Bicomponent Melt Spinning Fibers." Advances in Polymer Technology 37, no. 4 (September 23, 2016): 1134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.21772.

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20

Chen, Yiwen, Wataru Takarada, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Effect of Cross-Sectional Configuration on Fiber Formation Behavior in the Vicinity of Spinning Nozzle in Bicomponent Melt Spinning Process." Journal of Fiber Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (2016): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.fiberst.2016-0024.

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21

Hada, Yoshiaki, Haruo Shikuma, Hiroshi Ito, and Takeshi Kikutani. "High‐Speed Melt Spinning of Syndiotactic‐Polystyrene; Improvement of Spinnability and Fiber Structure Development Via Bicomponent Spinning with Atactic‐Polystyrene." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 44, no. 4 (July 2005): 549–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/mb-200064814.

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22

Roungpaisan, Nanjaporn, Wataru Takarada, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Development of Polylactide Fibers Consisting of Highly Oriented Stereocomplex Crystals Utilizing High-Speed Bicomponent Melt Spinning Process." Journal of Fiber Science and Technology 75, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2019-0015.

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23

Strååt, Martin, Mikael Rigdahl, and Bengt Hagström. "Conducting bicomponent fibers obtained by melt spinning of PA6 and polyolefins containing high amounts of carbonaceous fillers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 123, no. 2 (August 9, 2011): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.34539.

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24

KIM, Han Seong, Hyun Hok CHO, Hiroshi ITO, Takeshi KIKUTANI, and Norimasa OKUI. "Alloy Blend Composites. Tensile Behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Polyethylene Bicomponent Fibers Prepared by High-Speed Melt Spinning." Seikei-Kakou 9, no. 6 (1997): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.9.449.

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25

Kawahara, Yutaka, Motohiro Hanada, Shota Onosato, Wataru Takarada, Midori Takasaki, Koji Takeda, Yoshimitsu Ikeda, and Takeshi Kikutani. "High-Speed Melt Spinning of Polylactide/Poly(Butyleneterephthalate) Bicomponent Fibers: Mechanism of Fiber Structure Development and Dyeing Behavior." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 58, no. 10 (August 29, 2019): 828–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2019.1653028.

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26

Kikutani, Takeshi, J. Radhakrishnan, Sadaaki Arikawa, Akira Takaku, Norimasa Okui, Xia Jin, Fumio Niwa, and Yosuke Kudo. "High-speed melt spinning of bicomponent fibers: Mechanism of fiber structure development in poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene system." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62, no. 11 (December 12, 1996): 1913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19961212)62:11<1913::aid-app16>3.0.co;2-z.

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27

Hufenus, Rudolf, Felix A. Reifler, Katharina Maniura-Weber, Adriaan Spierings, and Manfred Zinn. "Biodegradable Bicomponent Fibers from Renewable Sources: Melt-Spinning of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co- (3-hydroxyvalerate)]." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 297, no. 1 (July 25, 2011): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201100063.

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28

Kawahara, Yutaka, Wataru Takarada, Masaki Yamamoto, Yasuhito Kondo, Kohji Tashiro, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Fiber Structure, Tensile Behavior and Antibacterial Activity of Polylactide/Poly(butylene terephthalate) Bicomponent Fibers Produced by High-Speed Melt-Spinning." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 59, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2020.1741880.

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29

An, Hyung Joo, Young Chan Choi, Hyun Ju Oh, In-Woo Nam, Ho Dong Kim, and Wan-Gyu Hahm. "Structure development in high-speed melt spinning of high-molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene islands-in-the-sea bicomponent fibers." Polymer 238 (January 2022): 124365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124365.

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30

Marter Diniz, Flávio A., Tim Röding, Mohamed Bouhrara, and Thomas Gries. "The Production of Ultra-Thin Polyethylene-Based Carbon Fibers out of an “Islands-in-the-Sea” (INS) Precursor." Fibers 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11090075.

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Carbon fibers (CF) and their composites (CC) are one of the world’s most promising and avant-garde high-performance materials, as they combine excellent mechanical characteristics with high weight reduction potential. Polyethylene (PE) is the perfect alternative precursor for CF as it combines widespread availability, low cost, high carbon content, and, most importantly, precursor fibers that can be produced via melt-spinning. PE-based CF production involves a challenging and time-consuming diffusion-limited chemical stabilization step. The work presented in this article tackles the challenge of reducing the chemical stabilization process time by converting a bicomponent island-in-the-sea fiber, consisting of PA6 as sea matrix and HDPE as island material, into an ultra-thin PE-precursor fiber. The produced precursor fiber is then successfully converted into an ultra-thin PE-based CF through sulfonation and subsequent carbonization in a continuous set-up. The resulting CF has a smooth surface with no observable surface defects and a filament diameter of around 3 µm. The successful conversion to ultra-thin CF is shown in both batch and continuous processes. Additionally, a reduction in sulfonation reaction time from 4 h to 3 h is achieved.

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31

Reifler, Felix A., Rudolf Hufenus, Marek Krehel, Eugen Zgraggen, René M. Rossi, and Lukas J. Scherer. "Polymer optical fibers for textile applications – Bicomponent melt spinning from cyclic olefin polymer and structural characteristics revealed by wide angle X-ray diffraction." Polymer 55, no. 22 (October 2014): 5695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.071.

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32

Liao, He, Yang Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Mingyuan Du, Xuehui Gan, and Yue Zhang. "Evolution of interfacial formation and configuration control of bicomponent fiber during full spinning process." Textile Research Journal, September 26, 2022, 004051752211230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175221123068.

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As a result of the limitation of bicomponent spinning in which it is difficult to obtain the interface evolution of the fiber forming process and guarantee performance stability, numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the effect of cooling, melt viscosity, and inlet flow rate on the interface throughout the process. The results showed that the position deviation of the interface only occurred inside the orifice and the interface distortion continued until after extrusion, with the maximum deformation occurring during extrusion swelling. Based on sufficient multifield data obtained from the simulation, it was demonstrated that the interfacial curvature was governed only by the viscosity difference between individual components, and the position of the interface was determined by the mechanical energy of the bicomponent melt. Moreover, the curvature and the position of the interface can be adjusted indirectly by changing the viscosity ratio, which can be regulated by the flow ratio, bringing guidance for the full process control of the bicomponent fiber preparation.

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Marx, Boris, Lars Bostan, Lena Kölsch, and Axel S. Herrmann. "Development of magnetic sheath-core bicomponent fibers." MRS Communications, July 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43579-023-00397-4.

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AbstractThe objective of this research is the development of a magnetic sheath-core bicomponent fiber. Therefor technical oxide is mixed in polypropylene using compounding. The compound (sheath) and pure polypropylene (core) are further processed in melt spinning into a magnetic bicomponent fiber with textile strength of 26.36 ± 1.62 cN/tex. Bicomponent fiber yarns can be inductively heated above 175°C in less than 10 s. These fibers could be used for thermal bonding of fiber-reinforced plastics, joining techniques of high efficiency due to their possibility to form a material-bonded connection and fiber orientation in nonwovens through a directional magnetic field. Graphical Abstract

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Dul, Sithiprumnea, Edith Perret, and Rudolf Hufenus. "Bicomponent melt-spinning of filaments for material extrusion 3D printing." Additive Manufacturing, April 2024, 104165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2024.104165.

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Kaplan, Müslüm, Jeanette Ortega, Felix Krooß, and Thomas Gries. "Bicomponent melt spinning of polyamide 6/carbon nanotube/carbon black filaments: Investigation of effect of melt mass-flow rate on electrical conductivity." Journal of Industrial Textiles 53 (January 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15280837231186174.

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Combining the several mixed phase structures and property profiles with a conductive, high aspect ratios nanofiller such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon black, specific morphological structures in melt spinning can be reached that offer much more potential for developing new functional fibers. Thus, understanding and controlling filler localization inside the developing phase morphology during melt spinning are the keys to the necessary structures. This work aimed to offer the possibility of producing fibers from electrically conductive polymer composites with a high filler concentration. First, the influence of different commercially available nanofillers, such as multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene and carbon black on Polyamide 6 (PA6)-based nanocomposite melt-spun fibers were examined. Following the lab-scale melt spinning experiments, PA6/MWCNT-CB nanocomposite filaments containing 10 wt% nanofiller (each 5 wt%), were chosen for a pilot-scale bicomponent melt spinning process to investigate the influence of the nanocomposite core material feeding parameters on the properties of melt-spun fibers. The electrical conductivity decreased by half (from 3.13E-02 to 6.72E-03) when melt flow rate was increased from 3 g/min to 6 g/min. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs and thermal gravimetric analysis thermograms showed that the change in MFR values significantly affected the nanocomposite filaments’ surface properties.

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Zhang, Xuzhen, Jingwen Nan, Wenjian Huang, Shunli Xiao, Xiuhua Wang, Yanlin Sun, Jin Zhou, and Wenxing Chen. "Structure–property evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) side‐by‐side self‐crimp filament." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, November 30, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.54905.

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AbstractTo investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of self‐crimping two‐component side‐by‐side bicomponent filament, this paper focuses on systematically investigating the structure–property evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) side‐by‐side bicomponent filament prepared via melt spinning with various component ratios, drawing and heating treatment. The investigation was operated upon the combination of morphology analysis, thermal analysis, crystallization, and orientation analysis. The variation of cross section and curl‐morphology, crystallization, and microstructures mainly containing lamellar and microfibrillar crystals as well as their effects on the mechanical and self‐crimping properties were discussed. As the draft ratio (DR) increases, the crystallinity, sonic orientation factor, tensile strength, and crimp‐recovery rate of the filaments were increased. The sonic orientation factor in the crystalline region decreases from 0.923 to 0.777 but increases from 0.677 to 0.903 in the amorphous region. In contrast to the variation of the DR, heating temperature has a limited effect on the tensile strength of the PET/PTT hybrid filaments. Crimp‐recovery rate, however, first increases to 11.8 and then decreases to 9.8 with an increasing heating temperature from 144 to 168°C. Most of these behaviors have been attributed to changes in the ratio of contractile stress for both PTT and PET components, originating from microstructural evolution in hybrid filaments, including crystal growth, breakage, deflection, and deformation of chains along the axial direction. As a summary, an interpretive diagrammatic sketch has been proposed to clarify the structure–property relationships of the commercial PET/PTT filaments.

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