Academic literature on the topic 'Bi-polar functions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bi-polar functions"
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Yuan, Yu Han, Nasir Ilyas, Zhi Hui Qi, Dong Yang Li, Xiang Dong Jiang, and Wei Li. "Bi-Polar Synaptic Behavior of Pt/SiOx:Ag/TiOx/p++- Si Memristor." Materials Science Forum 984 (April 2020): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.984.104.
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Recently, by inserting a TiOx thin layer, we have fabricated a memristive device as Pt/SiOx:Ag/TiOx/p++-Si which features a better bi-polar gradually resistive switching under positive and negative electrical bias. Different synaptic functions including potentiation, depression, short-term potentiation and the transition from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM) using suitably programmed voltage pulse have been implemented successfully in the memristive device. It is indicated that the Pt/SiOx:Ag/TiOx/p++-Si memristor can be used as a promising emulator for biological synapse, which could have great potential for brain-inspired neuromorphic computing.
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Batsanov, Stepan S., and Andrei S. Batsanov. "Solid-state electronegativity of atoms: new approaches." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 77, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621004704.
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Electronegativities (EN) of 65 elements (H to Bi, except lanthanides and noble gases, plus U and Th) in solids were derived from various observed parameters, namely, bond energies in solids, structural geometry, work functions and force constants, yielding a set of internally consistent values. The solid-state electronegativities are generally lower than the conventional (`molecular') values, due to different coordination numbers and electronic structure in a solid versus a molecule; the decrease is stronger for metals than for non-metals, hence binary compounds have a wider EN difference and higher bond polarity (ionicity) in the solid than in the molecular (gaseous) state. Under high pressure, the ENs of metals increase and those of non-metals decrease, the binary solid becomes less polar and can ultimately dissociate into elements.
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LAC, ETIENNE, ARNAUD MOREL, and DOMINIQUE BARTHÈS-BIESEL. "Hydrodynamic interaction between two identical capsules in simple shear flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 573 (February 2007): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006003739.
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We present a numerical model of the hydrodynamic interactions between two capsules freely suspended in a simple shear flow. The capsules are identical and each consists of a liquid droplet enclosed by a thin hyperelastic membrane, devoid of bending resistance and obeying a neo-Hookean constitutive law. The two capsules are slightly prestressed with a given inflation ratio in order to avoid the small deformation instability due to compression observed for a single capsule in simple shear flow. The viscosity ratio between the interior and exterior fluids of the capsule is taken to be unity and creeping flow conditions are assumed to prevail. The boundary-element method is used with bi-cubic B-splines as basis functions on a structured mesh in order to discretize the capsule surface. A new method using two grids with initially orthogonal pole axes is developed to eliminate polar singularities in the load calculation and to allow for long computation times. Two capsules suspended in simple shear flow usually have different velocities and thus eventually pass each other. We study this crossing process as a function of flow strength and initial particle separation. We find that hydrodynamic interactions during crossing lead to large shape alterations, elevated elastic tensions in the membrane and result in an irreversible trajectory shift of the capsules. Furthermore, a tendency towards buckling is observed, particularly during the separation phase where large pressure differences occur. Our results are in qualitative agreement with those obtained for a pair of interacting liquid droplets but show the specific role played by the membrane of capsules.
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Maksymchuk, Bohdan, and Iryna Arabska. "THE SHORT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE IN PRESENT-DAY GERMAN IN THE LIGHT OF THE GRAMMAR THEORY OF THE WORD." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-176-184.
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The short form of the adjective in present-day German, which stems from the Indo-European protolanguage and for that matter is found both in the Germanic and Slavic languages, in the German language took its evolutionary path along the way of the rise and establishment of the morphological features and syntactic functions re-forging itself from one of the forms of expression of a qualificator word into a representative nominator of the morphological paradigm. It widened its syntactic functioning on account of the qualitative adverb that due to the reduction of final vowels, i.e. its grammatical markers, coincided by sounding and meaning with the short form of the qualificator words. In German, these processes brought about the appearance of a new part of speech known as Artwort with the categorical meaning of the qualificator attribution. It realizes its grammatical potentialities in the substance-predicate structure of the sentence revealing in this way a bipolar functionality. Proceeding from the lexicon-centric approach to the categorical meaning of the word including the "amorphous” word of the kind of GUT an attempt is being made to describe the specificity of this type of meaning. In the opinion of the authors the categorical meaning of the "amorphous” word”, which determines its morphological paradigm and syntactic behavior, is vested at the level of the mental lexicon of the speaker as awareness and linguistic experience of using this kind of word in communication. In this way the short form of the adjectives comes in possession of all the features of the elementary sign which non-discretely combines the lexical and categorical meaning. The text-centered approach to the identification of the grammatical concept of the elementary sign reduces the word to the root morpheme. The latter attains the categorical status in its usage which is detrimental to the hierarchical construal of language. The syntactically polar bi-functionality of the short form of the adjective as the elementary sign is foregrounded in the system of actual, real and potential predications and, specifically, in the structure of Paul’s "degraded predicates” as well as in the propositions of the sentence deep structure getting explicated by means of logical implicates that represent a bipolar syntactic functionality of qualificator words. The implicit propositions reveal homonymous ties of the short form of the adjective with the first constituents of compound words which in most cases show themselves as units of the phraseological level of language structure.
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Mignolet, Johann, Seamus Holden, Matthieu Bergé, Gaël Panis, Ezgi Eroglu, Laurence Théraulaz, Suliana Manley, and Patrick H. Viollier. "Functional dichotomy and distinct nanoscale assemblies of a cell cycle-controlled bipolar zinc-finger regulator." eLife 5 (December 23, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.18647.
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Protein polarization underlies differentiation in metazoans and in bacteria. How symmetric polarization can instate functional asymmetry remains elusive. Here, we show by super-resolution photo-activated localization microscopy and edgetic mutations that the bitopic zinc-finger protein ZitP implements specialized developmental functions – pilus biogenesis and multifactorial swarming motility – while shaping distinct nanoscale (bi)polar architectures in the asymmetric model bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Polar assemblage and accumulation of ZitP and its effector protein CpaM are orchestrated in time and space by conserved components of the cell cycle circuitry that coordinate polar morphogenesis with cell cycle progression, and also act on the master cell cycle regulator CtrA. Thus, this novel class of potentially widespread multifunctional polarity regulators is deeply embedded in the cell cycle circuitry.
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"Spinal cord neuron classes in embryos of the smooth newt Triturus vulgaris : a horseradish peroxidase and immunocytochemical study." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 340, no. 1291 (April 29, 1993): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1993.0053.
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Spinal cord neurons were investigated in embryos of Triturus vulgaris , the smooth newt, just prior to hatching. These embryos can swim if freed from their egg membranes. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelling, together with GABA and glycine immunocytochemistry (ICC), revealed nine distinct anatomical classes of neuron. 1. Ventrolateral motorneurons with mainly dorsal dendrites, sometimes a descending central axon and peripheral axon innervating the trunk muscles. 2. Dorsal primary sensory Rohon-Beard neurons innervating skin and with dorsal ascending and descending axons in spinal cord. 3. Commissural interneurons with mid-cord unipolar soma, glycine-like immunoreactivity, dendrites on initial segment of ventral axon which crosses cord to ascend or branch. 4. Dorsolateral commissural interneurons with multipolar soma in dorsolateral position with dorsal dendrites and ventral axon which crosses and ascends or branches. 5. Giant dorsolateral commissural interneurons with large dorsolateral somata widely spaced (130- 250 µm spacing) with process projecting dorsally to other side, dorsolateral dendrites and ventral axon which crosses to ascend and branch. 6. Dorsolateral ascending interneurons in dorsolateral position with multipolar soma and ascending axon on same side. 7. Ascending interneurons with unipolar soma, GABA-like immunoreactivity and ascending axon on same side. 8. Descending interneurons with bi- or multi-polar soma, extensive dorsal and ventral dendrites, and descending axon on same side. They may also have ascending axons. 9. Kolmer-Agduhr cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons with cilia and microvilli in lateral corners of neural canal, GABA-like immunoreactivity, no dendrites and ascending axon. Eight of the nine cell classes were found to bear a marked resemblance to neurons previously described in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos in terms of their anatomy, distribution and immunoreactivity to GABA and glycine. Homologies and possible functions are discussed. Giant dorsolateral commissural neurons, were not found in Xenopus or teleosts but were present in Ambystoma mexicanum and Neoceratodus . The regular, possibly segmental longitudinal distribution pattern of these cells within the cord is unusual amoung amphibian spinal neurons.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bi-polar functions"
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McDonald, P. M., and n/a. "Right and left brain learning processes : in the context of Australian export education." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060918.132852.
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The nature of the human brain has preoccupied philosophers and scientists for centuries. As early as the
4th Century BCE, Greek philosophers speculated that the
anatomically distinct hemispheres of the brain implied
specialisation of function. It was not until the "splitbrain"
operations of the 1950s, however, that the precise
specialisation of each hemisphere could be demonstrated.
The right hemisphere apparently assumed responsibility
for spacial, holistic processes, while the left hemisphere
processed analytical, sequential tasks.
During that same decade, educational psychologists
observed two markedly different ways in which
individuals perceive and relate to the world. It was later
observed that these "cognitive styles" seemed directly
related to the bi-polar functions of the right and left
hemispheres of the brain. This implied a genetic basis
for cognitive style.
Subsequent research suggested that cognitive style is to a
considerable extent a result of the environment of
socialisation, and therefore, different cultures would
demonstrate different cognitive styles. Such cultural
differences in learning expectations might have serious
implications for both teachers and learners in the field of
export education.
The literature review in this study identified physical,
environmental, and experiential factors which appear to
influence cognitive style. This information formed the
basis of the biographical section of a questionnaire which
elicited the learning style preferences of pre-tertiary
students from Australia (native speakers), Indonesia and
Japan. The study posed the negative hypothesis: There
are no significant differences in patterns of cognitive
styles between cultures.
The results of the field study contradicted the negative
hypothesis, identifying significant differences in patterns
of cognitive styles between the three cultural groups.
Book chapters on the topic "Bi-polar functions"
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Jousse, F., J. F. Salas, F. Giroud, B. Icard, J. Y. Laurent, and P. Serre Combe. "Development of New Bi-Polar Plates Based on Electrically Conductive Filled Polymers for PEMFC." In Functional Materials, 181–86. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607420.ch31.
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Boshkovski, Tommy, Ilinka Ivanoska, Kire Trivodaliev, Slobodan Kalajdziski, Pablo Villoslada, Magi Andorra, Vesna Prčkovska, and Ljupco Kocarev. "RS-fMRI Data Analysis for Identification of Changes in Functional Connectivity Networks of Bi-polar Patients." In ICT Innovations 2015, 235–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25733-4_24.
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Frey, Perry A., and Adrian D. Hegeman. "Nitrogen and Sulfur Transferases." In Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0017.
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Unlike other group transfer reactions in biochemistry, the actions of nitrogen transferring enzymes do not follow a single unifying chemical principle. Nitrogen-transferring enzymes catalyze aminotransfer, amidotransfer, and amidinotransfer. An aminotransferase catalyzes the transfer of the NH2 group from a primary amine to a ketone or aldehyde. An amidotransferase catalyzes the transfer of the anide-NH2 group from glutamine to another group. These reactions proceed by polar reaction mechanisms. Aminomutases catalyze 1,2-intramolecular aminotransfer, in which an amino group is inserted into an adjacent C—H bond. The action of lysine 2,3-aminomutase, described in chapter 7, is an example of an aminomutase that functions by a radical reaction mechanism. Tyrosine 2,3-aminomutase also catalyzes the 2,3-amino migration, but it does so by a polar reaction mechanism. In this chapter, we consider NH2-transferring enzymes that function by polar reaction mechanisms. Transaminases or aminotransferases are the most extensively studied pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)–dependent enzymes, and many aminotransferases catalyze essential steps in catabolic and anabolic metabolism. In the classic transaminase reaction, aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) catalyzes the fully reversible reaction of L-aspartate with α-ketoglutarate according to fig. 13-1 to form oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. Like all aminotransferases, AAT is PLP dependent, and PLP functions in its classic role of providing a reactive carbonyl group to function in facilitating the cleavage of the α-H of aspartate and the departure of the α-amino group of aspartate for transfer to α-ketoglutarate (Snell, 1962). PLP in the holoenzyme functions in essence to stabilize the α-carbanions of L-aspartate or L-glutamate, the major biological role of PLP discussed in chapter 3. The functional groups of the enzyme catalyze steps in the mechanism, such as the 1,3-prototropic shift of the α-proton to C4' of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). The steady-state kinetics corresponds to the ping pong bi bi mechanism shown at the bottom of fig. 13-1. This mechanism allows L-aspartate to react with the internal aldimine, E=PLP in fig. 13-1, to produce an equivalent of oxaloacetate, with conversion of PLP to PMP at the active site (E.PMP), the free, covalently modified enzyme in the ping pong mechanism.
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Egri Ku-Mesu, Katalin. "Inscribing Difference: Code-Switching and the Metonymic Gap in Post-Colonial Literatures." In Narratives Crossing Borders: The Dynamics of Cultural Interaction, 169–88. Stockholm University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bbj.h.
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In their seminal work The Empire Writes Back Ashcroft et al. (1989) identify code-switching between two or more codes in post-colonial literary texts as ‘the most common method of inscribing alterity’ (p.72). Ashcroft (2001) further develops the idea of installing cultural distinctiveness in the text and posits that, together with a wide range of other linguistic devices (e.g. neologisms, ethno-rhythmic prose), the use of code-switching – whether between the variants of the same language or between languages – has a metonymic function to inscribe cultural difference. In this chapter, I will examine the hybrid nature of post-colonial literary texts through the concepts of nativisation (Kachru, 1982a, 1982b, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1995) and indigenisation (Zabus, 1991, 2007). I will then focus on code-switching, adopting Myers-Scotton’s (1993) approach of matrix language vs. embedded language and considering that ‘EL [embedded language] material of any size, from a single morpheme or lexeme to several constituents, may be regarded as CS [code-switching] material’ (p.5). I will analyse examples of code-switching taken from modern Ghanaian English-language novels and short stories, and I will argue that a synecdochic relationship exists between the code-switched embedded language and the culture it originates from. I will contend that it is along the metonymic gap thus created by language variance that readers can be expected to be divided. I will briefly examine the types of authorial assistance that can be provided in order to make the text accessible to the reader, and I will illustrate, in Sperber and Wilson’s (1995) relevance theoretical framework, how different groups of readers cope with code-switched language left in the texts untranslated and/or unexplained. I will argue that by withdrawing assistance from the reader, the author makes it manifest that he concedes ‘the importance of meanibility’ (Ashcroft, 2001, p.76) and opts for the inscription of difference. I will conclude that the metonymic gap is not a simple bi-polar concept between coloniser and colonised culture but a multi-layered entity where the readers’ position in relation to the gap is indicative of their ability to interpret code-switched language unaided. Full appreciation of the writer’s meanings is shown by those readers who share both the writer’s cultural and linguistic experience. Other readers may be able to cross the metonymic gap to various degrees, but for them code-switched language will be the symbol of the writer’s difference of experience.
Conference papers on the topic "Bi-polar functions"
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Ahmed, Hasnet E. U., Jean W. Zu, and Aimy Bazylak. "Free Vibration Analysis of a PEMFC Using the Finite Element Method." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33203.
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In this study, a free vibration analysis of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is performed by modelling the PEMFC as a composite plate structure. The membrane, gas diffusion electrodes, and bi-polar plates are modelled as composite material plies. Energy equations are derived based on the Mindlin plate theory, and natural frequencies and mode shapes of the PEMFC are calculated using finite element modelling. A parametric study is conducted to investigate how the natural frequency varies as a function of thickness, Young’s modulus, and density for each component layer. It is observed that increasing the thickness of the bi-polar plates has the most significant effect on the lowest natural frequency, with a 25% increase in thickness resulting in an 11% increase in the natural frequency. The mode shapes of the PEMFC provide insight into the maximum displacement exhibited as well as the stresses experienced by the material under various vibration conditions.
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Mishra, V., F. Yang, and R. Pitchumani. "Electrical Contact Resistance Between Gas Diffusion Layers and Bipolar Plates for Applications to PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2529.
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The electrical contact resistance between gas diffusion layers and bi-polar flow channel plates is one of the important factors contributing to the operational voltage loss in fuel cells. Effective analysis and design of fuel cells therefore need to account for the contact resistance in deriving the polarization curve for the cell. Despite its significance, relatively scant work is reported in the open literature on the measurement and modeling of the contact resistance in fuel cell systems, and the present work aims to fill this void. Experimental data are reported for the first time to show the effects of different gas diffusion layer materials and contact pressure on the electrical contact resistance. A fractal asperity based model is adopted to predict the contact resistance as a function of pressure, material properties, and surface geometry. Good agreement is observed between the data and the model predictions for a wide range of contacting pressures and materials.
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Ullmann, P. F., C. G. Talbot, R. A. Lee, C. Orjuela, and R. Nicholson. "A New Robust Backside Flip-Chip Probing Methodology." In ISTFA 1996. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1996p0381.
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Abstract The increasing popularity of flip-chips brings new challenges to those who must perform device analysis (1). Its ability to accommodate high pin-count and high bandwidth microprocessors, DSPs and complex logic devices is increasing the demand for this technology. Conventional e-beam and mechanical probing techniques currently allow quick and efficient analysis of conventional semiconductor devices. When the surface of the device is not exposed, however, conventional analysis techniques are insufficient and new techniques must be developed. Conventional packaging technologies allow design debug and failure analysis to be performed in a relatively straightforward manner. Analysis from the topside is clearly the preferred technique when possible (2), using specially prepared engineering prototypes, but backside access for dynamic timing analysis is required when topside techniques are exhausted. The flipchip process, however, makes topside analysis impractical in most situations. There are several different techniques that are currently being used for backside analysis. These are emission microscopy (3), optical beam induced current (OBIC) (4), and a combination of software and built in self-test/scan methods (5). These techniques are valuable in helping engineers to analyze and isolate faults for functional failures. These techniques do not, however, provide precise analog waveforms which may be used to perform timing analysis on the device. A backside pulsed laser electro-optic technique for measuring internal node timing (6) has been developed for waveform acquisition. Although this technique permits acquisition of waveforms from a bi-polar device which has had its substrate thinned, it has limited application to CMOS devices, particularly in long duty cycle applications. Milling the backside of devices in order to facilitate backside waveform acquisition is considered by some researchers as a potential approach, but the authors are not aware of any published data on this subject.