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Journal articles on the topic 'Bhutan’s Society'
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1
Chhetri, Ramesh Kumar, and Sangay Wangchuk. "Understanding the Efficacy of Bhutan’s First Ever Certificate Course in Social Work." Asian Social Work Journal 6, no. 2 (May 2, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v6i2.159.
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With the transition of political, economic and social scenario in Bhutan, the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) have been expanding over the years. Bhutan has more than forty registered CSOs and the numbers are still growing. However, paucity of trained social workers in Bhutan has compelled the CSOs to recruit employees with varying degrees. To mitigate this, Samtse College of Education (SCE) of the Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) launched Bhutan’s first ever certificate course in social work. So far, two cohorts of participants have been trained. This study was designed to understand the efficacy of Bhutan’s first ever certificate course in social work from the vantage point of the participants. It adopted a convergent parallel mixed method design, primarily employing questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews. The study found the certificate course to be highly effective in enhancing the professional competence of the social workers in Bhutan. It is believed to have been an “eye-opening experience” for most social workers who ventured into this profession, without relevant training. The study recommends SCE and RUB to provide similar certificate courses to the thousands to untrained social workers in Bhutan.
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Allison, Elizabeth. "The Reincarnation of Waste: A Case Study of Spiritual Ecology Activism for Household Solid Waste Management: The Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative of Rural Bhutan." Religions 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10090514.
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As rural and subsistence households in the Global South take on the consumption habits of industrialized countries, shifting consumption patterns have contributed to cascades of nonbiodegradable solid waste overwhelming the ability of households, municipal authorities, and governments to manage. As global capitalism expands around the world, spiritual ecology approaches to waste and pollution can provide deeper insight into the attitudes and practices that create a “throw away” society. In rural southern Bhutan, the revered Buddhist teacher, Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, initiated a waste reduction project based on Bhutan’s guiding development philosophy of Gross National Happiness. Through engaging cultural and spiritual values, and drawing on the inspirational qualities of social and spiritual leaders, the Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative’s Zero Waste project is an example of spiritual ecology activism for household waste management and waste reduction.
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Wangmo, Kencho. "Prevalence and socio-cultural determinants of domestic violence among married women in Thimphu, Bhutan." Bhutan Health Journal 1, no. 1 (November 16, 2015): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.07.
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Introduction: Domestic violence is a public health problem all over the world, yet its prevalence is under-reported in a pervasive “culture of silence”. Bhutan is not likely to be an exception; however, data on the prevalence, forms and determinants of domestic violence are scant. The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence and characterize factors associated with domestic violence among women in Thimphu, Bhutan’s capital.
Methods: A population-based, household cross-sectional survey was conducted in January-May, 2012. A multistage sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 300 married women. The chi-square test was used to identify factors associated with increased likelihood of experiencing the four forms of domestic violence.
Results: The overall prevalence of any domestic violence was 44%. By type of violence, the most common was emotional (36%), followed by control (30%), physical (20%) and sexual (14%). Sexual violence was reported more often by young adolescent women. Women from urban areas reported more emotional violence compared to women from rural areas. Women agreed with many situations in which force might be used by their husbands and with many of the traditional roles of women in society. Nonetheless, many women objected to the use of force in many situations and rejected certain constraining roles of women.
Conclusions: This study supports the importance of advocacy for education and programs to prevent and mitigate harm from domestic abuse experienced by women in Bhutan.
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Wangmo, Choni. "Improving healthcare performance by focusing on individual productivity of healthcare provider and system thinking: a strategy proposal." Bhutan Health Journal 5, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.89.
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Bhutan’s health system, despite its commendable achievements in past few decades, continues to face shortage of skilled healthcare professionals and quality issues in service delivery. While recruiting more professionals, advocating for population health, better patient experience and safety, healthcare provider wellness has been overlooked. As the recent pay revision receives warm welcome from the health fraternity, a sense of greater professionalism and responsibility will be expected. Yet, aforementioned challenges still remain. Life and aspirations of professionals, brought up and trained in society that provides free healthcare and education, will become more convoluted. Mentorship program for healthcare providers at the beginning of their career and institutionalizing enabling environment for their personal and professional development need to be looked into. Decisions to pursue specialization should be a result of genuine interest and not a presumed exit hallway from professional frustrations, nor a shortcut to hefty pay. A promising and congruous career pathway can improve job satisfaction among health care providers. Endeavors to improve healthcare service delivery are present at every level but lack of coordination hampers favorable outcome. Variation in healthcare is major cause of adverse healthcare outcome and it is also known that every system is perfectly designed to achieve the results it gets. After conceptualizing few desired outcomes, a strategy framework that leads to health system improvement through improved individual productivity and systemic reforms enhancing intra- and inter sectoral coordination, while using evidence-based practice and existing resources, is proposed.
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Tshewang Dema and Dr. Ramesh Kumar. "Socio-Economic Impact of Covid-19 in Bhutan: A Critical Analysis." Legal Research Development 8, no. I (September 30, 2023): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v8n1.2.
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Cataclysms are difficult, uncontrollable problems that put societies and nations to the test in terms of how successfully they can protect their infrastructure and population, reduce losses on a material and human level, and recover rapidly. Throughout the beginning of recorded human history, infectious diseases have afflicted people. Over the last four decades, the rise of urbanization, globalization, and population expansion has played a significant role in the escalation of both the occurrence and cross-border dissemination of novel infectious diseases. The discovery of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the proliferation of COVID-19 in this world today have prompted many countries to take drastic action. Many economic aspects, not least innovative start-ups, experienced an external shock as a result of the “lockdown” of a sizable portion of society and economic activity. The first cases of COVID-19 in a nation are significant because they have an impact on the nation's response to preparedness, the perception of the pandemic by the general public, and the actions taken by medical professionals. A 76-year-old American man who visited Bhutan as a tourist and was isolated in a separate hospital with a committed medical care staff before being airlifted back to his nation experienced a fortunate turn of events in Bhutan. This patient made Bhutan and its people more careful, and the ensuing steps were so well thought out and wise. The patient's medical team, the government, and the Bhutanese people all took away lessons from this. The COVID-19 recovery effort has been hindered by the government's severe containment measures, which have caused supply chain interruptions, tourism industry problems, and an exodus of expatriate workers, leading to a labor shortage for both trained and unskilled personnel. This gap caused infrastructural projects to stall, which had a negative impact on the average person’s standard of living. Despite the fact that pandemic deaths are frequent, each one has influenced the socioeconomic and public health results, depending on the type and extent of the outbreak. In addition to reflecting on Bhutan's adaptability, responsiveness, and lessons learned, this study sought to provide a preliminary assessment of the COVID-19’s effects on the country. It also sought to provide a deeper understanding of the recent socioeconomic implications of the COVID-19.
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Nirola, Damber K., Judith C. Durham, and Kurt L. Kraus. "Balancing traditional beliefs and medical science: mental health care in Bhutan." Bhutan Health Journal 1, no. 1 (November 16, 2015): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.10.
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In the Kingdom where Gross National Happiness is the most precious commodity, there is a growing awareness ofthe individual and communal toll that unmet mental health needs bring to bear on Bhutanese society. Even thoughmental illnesses are becoming public health issue, there is a tendency to neglect the care of mentally ill person in thegeneral setting. The reason for the neglect is due to lack of understanding and poor management of mental illness bythe health professionals and community at large. This article emphasizes the need to balance the traditional beliefsand medical science in order to provide a comprehensive mental health care in Bhutan.
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Dorji, Rinchen. "School Principals’ Experiences of Implementing Inclusive Education in Bhutan." Asian Journal of Inclusive Education 09, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 03–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.59595/ajie.09.1.2.
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The experiences of school principals implementing inclusive education in Bhutan is the focus of this study. The results draw on data gleaned from structured interviews of six principals (four males and two females) from the SEN integrated schools in Bhutan. Thematic coding and computational analysis were employed. The results highlighted that these principals were supportive of inclusive education. Within a short period of implementing the inclusive education program in schools, commendable progress has been achieved, especially in making appropriate accommodations and adjustments through the provision of additional teacher support, differentiation of classroom pedagogy, and modification of the assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes. The principals reported a strong sense of faith and confidence in the resilience of their teachers, and they emphasised their own commitment to lead inclusive education efforts in their schools. The positive experiences of the principals are particularly noteworthy in view of the lack of resources, infrastructure, and facilities accessible to all children, the inflexible curriculum, a lack of pre-service and in-service professional learning for teachers and inadequate understanding and knowledge of parents and the Bhutanese society in general. Inclusive Education was identified by the principals as a rights-based approach to education.
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Choden, Phuntsho, Tshering Dukpa, Tshering Wangmo, and Wangchuk Wangchuk. "An exploration into perceived stigma, discrimination, and psychological wellbeing among people living with HIV in Bhutan." Bhutan Health Journal 9, no. 2 (November 29, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.156.
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Introduction: HIV-related stigma and discrimination affect health and wellbeing and pose greater challenges to PLHIV. Stigma and discrimination remain as a major obstacle in curbing HIV epidemic, undermining HIV prevention efforts including uptake of voluntary testing, counseling, access to HIV treatment services and care. This study explored the experience of stigma and discrimination and its perceived influence on the psychological well-being of PLHIV in Bhutan. Methods: Explorative qualitative in-depth interviews were completed with 28 PLHIV in four geographical locations Thimphu, Phuntsholing, Gelephu, and Samdrupjongkhar, Bhutan. Participants were interviewed on the experience of stigma and discrimination and the perceived influence on their psychological wellbeing. Results: About 43% participants, slightly more among females, mentioned having experienced stigma and faced discrimination. Content analysis revealed individuals in the community, family members and relatives, workstations and healthcare providers as the potential sources of stigma and discrimination. Two-third of the participants appeared to have better psychological wellbeing. Nevertheless, about 36% admitted either feeling sad, worried, or lonely due to their HIV status. Introspection, support from family, relatives and friends, and meditation were perceived to help alleviate negative thoughts about HIV status and its influence. Conclusions: Despite vigorous advocacy and awareness campaign, HIV related stigma and discrimination is still prevalent in the Bhutanese society influencing psychological wellbeing among PLHIV. Findings provided important insights meriting the designing of effective interventions including the involvement of certified counselors to counter stigma and discrimination, promote wellbeing and positive living among PLHIV in Bhutan
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Yoezer, Karma, and Yonten Dorji. "A Cashless Society: Consumer Perception towards the Use of Digital Transactions." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 21, no. 4 (November 11, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i4487.
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With the advancement of technology, the acceptance the digital electronic transaction systems among the Bhutanese consumers have increased over the years. This paper examines the level of awareness among the Bhutanese consumers about digital transactions and investigates the factors affecting Bhutanese households’ perception of digital transactions. Primary data were collected by using multi-stage sampling technique from 100 Bhutanese household across twenty districts in the country for the year 2021-2022. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and regression model to draw the results. The results showed that the respondents are more aware in terms of using ATMs and mobile apps mode of payments as compared to the latest modes of digital payments.
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Khandu, Lekey, Kinley Kinley, Yonten Choki Norbu, Tashi Tobgay, Tashi Tsheten, Tenzin Gyeltshen, Sonam Choden, and Willi McFarland. "Population size estimation of transgender women and men in Bhutan." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): e0271853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271853.
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Introduction Transgender persons experience health disparities and are marginalized in many societies worldwide. Even their numbers are unknown in many countries. We conducted the first effort to estimate the population size of transgender women (TGW) and transgender men (TGM) in Bhutan from November 2019 to January 2020. Methods Community-based surveys of TGW and TGM integrated several methods to estimate the size of hidden populations, including key informant mapping, wisdom-of-the-crowd, the service multiplier, and the unique object multiplier. Results of the several methods were synthesized using a Bayesian approach. Results Surveys included 34 TGW and 124 TGM. TGW was persons assigned to the male sex at birth and currently self-identified as “trans women” (91%), “women” (6%), or another gender (3%). TGM were persons assigned female sex at birth and self-identified as “trans men” (100%). Bayesian synthesis of the multiple methods estimated 84 TGW (credible interval 61–110) and 166 TGM (credible interval 124–211) in Bhutan. Conclusions Our study documented that TGW and TGM are part of Bhutanese society, with TGW constituting 0.03% of adult women and TGM 0.06% of adult men. Estimates can help advocate for resources and programs to address the health and well-being of these communities.
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Jaiswal, Dr Abhishek Kumar. "The Circle of Karma: A Realistic Approach to Bhutanese Gender, Culture and Religion." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 5 (2022): 080–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.75.14.
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The Circle of Karma, a novel published in India in 2005 by Zubaan Books in collaboration with Penguin Books. It is explicitly a Buddhist novel but one that concentrates on the everyday struggle to apply religion to the protagonist- Tsomo’s life. The writing is rich with rich Buddhist imagery but the story firmly grounded in mundane realities of gender and cultural issues, in short an excellent novel about one woman’s hard life, set against vivid gender, cultural and religious background. The novel applies the theory of Nemesis in practice. It deals with the importance of Karma/action. There is message that each human being will experience the Consequences of karma whether good or bad, in one or other way, in this or other birth. There is no escape. The novel is a story of Tsomo the central character, a fat girl compelled by her own restless spirit and later by circumstances to leave her family and go on series of endless travels. Hope and tragedy mark her path in equal measure as her story gives a look of microcosm of Bhutanese society. It is informative regarding the cultural, religious and gender issues in Bhutan which is a Buddhist country.
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Wangchuk, Tashi. "The Middle Path to Democracy in the Kingdom of Bhutan." Asian Survey 44, no. 6 (November 2004): 836–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2004.44.6.836.
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I explicate here the conditions conducive to fostering democracy in Bhutan. Using an interdisciplinary framework, I argue that village society is fundamentally democratic, but the state is not, and that the state can be democratized by formalizing traditional institutions. However, I argue that anti-Bhutan rebels in Nepal cannot bring democracy to Bhutan.
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Barrow, Giles. "Education and Society in Bhutan: tradition and modernisation." Pastoral Care in Education 36, no. 1 (December 10, 2017): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2017.1413819.
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Dorji, Tsheten. "Managing Performance in Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Bhutan." International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research 05, no. 02 (2023): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56293/ijmsssr.2022.4581.
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This paper attempts to analyze that many organizations with the motivation to accomplish better organizational results institute Performance Management System (PMS) formally and informally in their organizations. However, organizations have difficulty implementing a performance management system because its different dimensions are not consideredwhile in practice. The paper outlined the preliminary picture of the current situation of performance management appraisals generally and particularly applied by CSOs in Bhutan. The study further describes the findings of comparative analyses between the Management by Objectives (MBO) model and 360 feedback as applied by different organizations. Data were collected by desk reviewing past studies, reports, books, and journal articles on PMS by different researchers, authors, and writers to establish the interconnections and distinctions. The paper concluded with the resultsthat barriers to implementing effective PMS, recommendations, and viable solutions exist.
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Shrestha-Ranjit, Jagamaya, Deborah Payne, Jane Koziol-McLain, Ineke Crezee, and Elizabeth Manias. "Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality of Interpreting Services to Refugee Women in New Zealand." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 1697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320924360.
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A significant number of people have been displaced from their country of origin and become refugees. Good health is essential for refugees to actively engage and take up opportunities within the society in their host countries. However, negotiating a new and unfamiliar health system hinders refugees’ ability to access and make use of the available health services. Communication difficulties due to language barriers are the most commonly cited challenges faced by refugees in accessing and utilizing health services post-resettlement. In this study, we aimed to examine effectiveness of interpreting services for refugee women in New Zealand. Data were collected through three sources: focus groups with Bhutanese women, focus group with Bhutanese men, and individual interviews with health professionals. The findings of this study reveal inadequacies and constraints in the provision of a socioculturally and linguistically effective interpreting service to Bhutanese women and provide evidence for recommendations to address these inadequacies.
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Dendup, Pema. "Laying Foundation to Advertisement Genre: An Analysis of Job Advertisement Discourse Made by the Royal Civil Service Commission of Bhutan." Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v3i1.5821.
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To lay foundation in the literature related to the genre of advertisements, this paper is a synchronic approach to study the job advertisements made by the Royal Civil Service Commission (RCSC) of Bhutan. RCSC is the major recruiting agency of civil servants into a government job. As mandated, RCSC recruits thousands of fresh employees annually. RCSC features its job-related announcements in the media, mainly the Bhutan Broadcasting Service, the mainstream media and also in its official website. The data of this study was the ‘Vacancy Announcement’ dated January 8, 2020, featured in RCSC website and the analysis of the data was based on Swale’s (1990) Six Defining Characteristics of Discourse Community. The results showcased Bhutan as a bilingual society for informing the citizens as the job advertisements were delivered in both Dzongkha and English. RCSC’s format of job advertisement employed the common format used by most of the organisations. This study points that there is a need to look into some elements used by other organisations. Therefore, this study recommends RCSC, as the major recruiting agency in Bhutan, to incorporate other missing elements of job advertisement.
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Aluwihare, Arjuna. "The Nora and Noel Bartholomeusz Centre." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x533775.
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The College of Surgeons of Sri Lanka (CSSL) has long wanted a headquarters of its own. This need was compounded by Colombo being chosen to house the office of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Surgical Care Society – the apex surgical body of the SAARC countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
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Taylor, Leanne. "About This Issue: From the Editor." Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/jiste.v27i2.4550.
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Welcome to Volume 27, Number 2 of the Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education. In this issue, we present a collection of articles organized under the theme: Education and Teaching Practices: Enhancing Learning and Support for Diverse Student Needs. Some of these papers were presented at the Annual ISfTE Seminar in Bhutan in 2023. Together, the articles in this issue cover various aspects of education and teaching, including pre-service teacher self-efficacy, teacher feedback, self-determination for students with disabilities, student perceptions in health education and continuity of teaching practices in higher education in our post-Covid context. This compilation of articles presents research carried out in Bhutan, Norway, Nigeria, and the USA. It underscores the diversity of educational research and its relevance to improving teaching and learning practices across different settings.
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Choi, Youngjin, Kiyoung Lee, and Minchul Kim. "Study on the Sustainable Forest Management System of Bhutan for the Decarbonized Society." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 2419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.12.1.171.
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Wangmo, Kinley, and John Cokley. "Media convergence in Bhutan: Case studies in 2008 link local voices to central infrastructure." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v15i2.989.
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Evidence is produced that Bhutanese citizens are adopting many of the media and communication technologies and practices common in more developed countries, and that the government has the political will to encourage this with infrastructure spending. This article links the two and reports that infrastructure spending and legislative encouragement, especially through unique social and cultural structures, appears to enhance the growth and emergence of media enterprises, a key driver of diversity and democracy. Key limitations on further expansion are identified as the remote location of the country and the low teledensity evident in this village-based society.
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Kuenzang, Dorji, and Dhan Subba Riku. "Online teaching during the covid-19 pandemic: how do high school students describe their attitude towards e-learning in bhutanese classroom?" i-manager's Journal on School Educational Technology 17, no. 4 (2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jsch.17.4.18892.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unforgiving disruptions in public education all over the world and brought about coercions of fragmentation in society. In Bhutan too, the continuity of education and learning has been greatly affected as a result of the closure of schools and the imposition of public restrictions and health protocols following the COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning was adopted hurriedly in the country to provide continuous education amid the pandemic lockdown. Therefore, to foresee the acceptance and applicability of e-learning in Bhutanese classrooms, this study focused on examining high school students' attitudes towards e-learning and their preference between classroom learning and online learning. Adopting the simple random sampling technique, 101 high school students who were exposed to e-learning for almost two years were selected as study samples. A purposive sampling technique with preceding information relevant to the study was used to select the sample school. A mixed methods approach was adopted to assemble the data. Grounded theory coding systems, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The result of the quantitative data revealed that more than fifty percent of the student participants showed a positive attitude towards e-learning. It was revealed that not only perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use influenced the students' favorable attitude towards e-learning but also accessibility to ICT gadgets in their daily lives incurred a positive impact on it. On the contrary, the lack of in-person interaction, the tediousness of prolonged online lessons, and distraction by the play apps were some of the aspects that contributed to having an unfavorable attitude towards e-learning. The result from qualitative data revealed that most of the students preferred classroom learning over online learning based on different motives like classroom learning being more reliable, has in-person interactions, and their prolonged exposure to the classroom approach, which is more realistic. The findings from the study can be handy for curriculum developers, school administrators, and educators while making decisions on the adoption of e-learning.
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Hauck, Fern R., Elsbeth Lo, Anne Maxwell, and P. Preston Reynolds. "Factors Influencing the Acculturation of Burmese, Bhutanese, and Iraqi Refugees Into American Society: Cross-Cultural Comparisons." Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 12, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2013.848007.
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Rizvi, Gowher. "Democracy, Governance and Civil Society in South Asia (The Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4I (December 1, 1994): 593–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4ipp.593-624.
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Six years ago, at the start of 1988, the prospect for democracy in South Asia did not appear very promising. The military rulers both in Pakistan and Bangladesh had managed to cloak their regimes in civilian attire and appeared well entrenched even if their quest for legitimacy had evaded them. In Nepal and Bhutan the hereditary monarchs showed no signs of conceding to the demands for popular participation despite the simmering political discontent in both countries. The democratic traditions of Sri Lanka had proved sufficiently resilient for the formal representative institutions to endure but the continued civil strife and violence had virtually reduced effective popular participation into a farce. Likewise in India, whilst the ghost of Indira Gandhi's authoritarian rule during the emergency in 1975-77 had been exorcised by subsequent renewals of popular mandate, the democratic institutions and popular accountability had probably suffered irreversible damages and it was not uncommon amongst political analysts to speak of the 'ungovernability' of the country.
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Verma, Ritu. "Gross National Happiness: meaning, measure and degrowth in a living development alternative." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20885.
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Abstract Narrow framings of development founded on GDP growth have led to multiple ecological, social and political-economic crises across the world that threaten the survival of humans and socio-ecologies. With the growing recognition that an expansionist trajectory is no longer viable, a burgeoning global discussion on degrowth has emerged. However, a limited number of living societal solutions exist in response the emergent crisis of over-consumption, deep inequality and resource depletion. The driving development philosophy of Gross National Happiness from the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan is a unique living alternative that challenges GDP metrics. With societal happiness as the primary lens for viewing human progress within planetary limits, GNH places socio-cultural, political-economic and spiritual-ecological wellbeing at the center of national development. Based on five years of research in Bhutan, the article discusses GNH as a holistic development alternative in relation to degrowth. It highlights the role of local insights, conceptual innovations, tested methodologies and policy experiences in constructing a unique society, as well as how GNH influences other nations and global debates. The article reflects on challenges that GNH faces in negotiating powerful forces of globalization, geopolitical shifts, climate change and skewed relations of power and privilege that influence scholarship, development and knowledge production. Keywords: Gross National Happiness, degrowth, holistic development, Bhutan
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Shrivastwa, Bimal Kishore. "Reification of Bourgeois Ideology in Bhattarai’s Muglan." Journal of Language and Literature 22, no. 2 (September 26, 2022): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v22i2.4840.
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This paper aims to explore how innocent Nepali youths reify the elitist bourgeois ideology of the Nepalese society that forces them to go to Muglan, a term, denoting foreign country for Nepali people, and confront unexpected blows there in Govinda Raj Bhattarai’s novel, Muglan. Reification signifies the ideology and perception of people residing in a capitalist society. The study of the impact of reification demonstrates the reality of a society. Bhattarai is critical to the way Sutar Kanchha, the protagonist of the novel, obsessed with the dominant capitalist ideology, goes to Bhutan to earn. But he gets robbed there and he is forced to do tough physical labor like an animal. To survey terrific effects of the dominant capitalist ideology of the Nepalese society over the life of the poor Nepali people, the research paper applies neo-Marxist insights, with special focus on Louis Althusser and Antonio Gramsci. The chief finding is that Bhattarai is critical to persisting capitalist ideology of the Nepalese society that forces innocent Nepali youths to leave their country just for survival. But, in turn, they get robbed and are compelled to work like slaves in the cruel Muglan. It is expected that researchers intending to explore on Nepali literature from the neo-Marxist perspective will find the paper a useful reference.
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Taylor, Leanne. "From the editors: About this issue." Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/jiste.v26i1.4019.
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The articles in Volume 26, Number 1 of the Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education are organized under the theme Cultural Relevance in Education: International Comparisons.
The articles in this issue invite us to consider culturally relevant and sustaining approaches to education in Denmark, USA, Thailand, Canada, and Bhutan. Although the research contexts and foci are different, the authors each explore regional schooling practices, pedagogies, and programs in an effort to understand the ongoing challenges and opportunities that can arise in schooling contexts that seek to meet the complex needs of students and teachers.
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Lamichhane, Hari Krishna. "Critique of Capitalist Ideology in Bhattarai’s Muglan." Literary Studies 34, no. 01 (September 2, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v34i01.39521.
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This article explores Govinda Raj Bhattarai’s worries about the innocent youths to be the Muglanis forced by the dominant capitalistideology of the society in his novel Muglan. In the novel, he presents the critical situation of the youths who are compelled to leave their motherland just for survival but they get sold like cattle and are enslaved and forced to do hard physical labour in the cruel foreign land. The article applies neo-Marxist insights to study devastating results of elitist bourgeois ideology of the society over the life of poor innocent people in the novel. It mainly borrows ideas from Luis Althusser’s “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” along with the ideas by Terry Eagleton and Antonio Gramsci. The article shows Bhattarai’s critique of elitist bourgeois ideology of the society that he does through his choice of the protagonist, Sutar, who along with other youths leaves his home and goes to muglan but gets robbed, sold and forced to work as road builder in the foreign land of Bhutan. By showing the hopelessness of better life for the youths in their native land, Nepal and their pathetic condition in the foreign land, Bhattarai critiques the elitist ideology of Nepalese society.
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INOGUCHI, TAKASHI. "An Evidence-Based Typology of Asian Societies: What Do Asian Societies Look Like from the Bottom Up instead of Top Down?" Japanese Journal of Political Science 18, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109916000384.
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AbstractIn profiling Asian societies, such classical authors as Hegel, Marx, and Wittfogel have had considerable influence on the subject. They adopted power-centered approaches in characterizing Asian societies. This manuscript adopts the evidence-based approach with a bottom-up angle in constructing a people-centered typology of Asian societies. People's daily life satisfaction in 29 Asian societies is factor-analyzed with varimax rotation, society by society. Using the first two dimensions of factor analysis for each society, five types of Asian society are constructed: Ab, Ac, Ba, Bc, and Ca, where A means materialism in the primary, b means postmaterialism in the secondary, B means postmaterialism in the primary, a means materialism in the secondary, c means public sector dominance in the secondary, and C means public sector dominance in the primary. Ab societies include: Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Ac societies include: China, South Korea, Taiwan, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Mongolia. Ba societies include: Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Kyrgyzstan. Bc includes Brunei, the Philippines, Bhutan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Kazakhstan. Ca societies include: Singapore and the Maldives. Responses to questions about lifestyle priorities are also provided to corroborate and reinforce the above typology. Applicability of this method is open to non-Asian as well as Asian societies.
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Taylor, Leanne. "About This Issue." Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/jiste.v26i2.4160.
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The six articles included in Volume 26, Number 2 of the Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education are organized under the theme: Education during fast times: Sustainability, virtuality, and teaching practices in a post-COVID 19 context. This issue includes several articles that were presented under the same theme at the annual ISfTE seminar in Brazil. Articles feature research on teacher education conducted in Bhutan, Australia, Norway, Brazil and the USA.
This section offers details on the articles contained in this issue, provides a brief overview of the editorial process, and includes a special message of thanks from JISTE's Editor, Leanne Taylor
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Tideman, Sander G. "Gross National Happiness: lessons for sustainability leadership." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 5, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 190–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajgbr-12-2014-0096.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look behind the veil of the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH), which has been initiated by the fourth King of Bhutan as an alternative to the traditional development concept of gross national product, by analyzing it as an expression of a particular view of leadership originated in the philosophical tradition of Mahayana Buddhism and exploring its relevance for leadership of sustainable development and sustainable (business) organizations. Design/methodology/approach – Review of literature on GNH in a historical and current context, linking it to trends and concepts in sustainability and leadership. Complemented by author’s observations on regular visits to Bhutan since 2003. Findings – The GNH leadership view consists of a set of principles: first, interrelatedness of economy, society and eco-systems; second, the economy, society and eco-systems can flourish if their needs are served; third, governance is the agent for serving these needs by the creation of societal happiness; and fourth, societal happiness should include the enhancement of subjective happiness and well-being of people. By tracing these principles to the philosophy of Mahayana Buddhism, especially the Bodhisattva ideal, and comparing them to the principles driving sustainability, the paper argues that GNH leadership signifies an innovation in leadership for sustainability. Practical implications – This paper examines how GNH leadership can be applied to organizational and business sustainability, and how it contributes to the emerging theory and practice of sustainability leadership. Social implications – The social relevance of the paper lies in the examination of how GNH leadership can be applied to organizational and business sustainability, and how it contributes to the emerging theory and practice of sustainability leadership. Originality/value – The paper concludes that GNH leadership – as it corresponds to the principles driving sustainability – represents a new model for sustainability leadership.
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Wangchuk, Dorji, and Thinley Tobgay. "Who should be responsible for our common well-being? A Gross National Happiness approach to promoting a responsive and sustainable Business Community." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v7i3.6239.
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The roles and responsibilities of the business community to the society are underexplored and least understood both by the business community as well as by the society in general. In the absence of any guideline on the societal responsibilities of the business community in Bhutan, an intellectual gap possibly exists between the ideology of Gross National Happiness and the roles of the business community. Thus, this review explores the tangible societal responsibilities of the business community. It also discuses the long-established arguments on the roles of business to society beyond profit making and maximizing its financial well-being. Using key words such as the business community, well-being, social responsibilities, Buddhist economics, western economics, and sustainable business, 114 articles were retrieved from the web-based resources. The data generated thus were analysed using the constant comparison analysis of QUAL approach. The finding indicates that the societal responsibility of the business community is an oxymoron conceptually. The paper also addresses the principles of Gross National Happiness as an approach to promoting a responsive and sustainable business community. However, an in-depth research is necessary to understand the roles and responsibilities of the business community in the context of Gross National Happiness.
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Benninger, Christopher Charles. "Principles of intelligent urbanism: The case of the new Capital Plan for Bhutan." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 412-414 (June 1, 2002): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269412-414386.
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Christopher Benninger has lived and worked in India for the past 30 years. He founded the School of Planning at Ahmedabad (1971) and the Centre for Development Studies and Activities in Pune ( 1976). He studied Urban Planning at M.l.T. and architecture at Harvard, where he was later a professor of architecture. While at Harvard he became actively involved with the World Society for Ekistics (WSE) through his colleagues Barbara Ward and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt. He attended the 1967 Delos Symposion, where he was deeply influenced by C.A.Doxiadis and the Ekistics movement. Benninger has prepared urban plans for Bhutan, where he is designing the new capital, India and Sri Lanka. He has been involved in advisory work for the World Bank, the UNO and the Asian Development Bank in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Subcontinent. His architectural studio has won the Designer of the Year Award (1999); American Institute of Architect's Award (2000) and other awards. He has published articles in journals in America, Europe and Asia. He is on the Board of Editors of Cities, U.K. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
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Penjor, Rinchen, Om Katel, Ugyen Dorji, Sadhan Kumar Ghosh, and Sangay Dorji. "Household Solid Waste Generation and Management Systems in Rural Areas of Bhutan." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 49, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.185.
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Globally, waste is accepted as an emerging issue and it concerns everyone, locally, nationally, and globally. However, studies on waste generation, composition, and management systems are often focused on urban areas. Similarly, Bhutan lacks information and reliable data about rural household solid waste generation and its composition at large and there is vague information on its management systems. This paper presents precise information on waste generation, composition, and management systems in rural areas in three administrative units called Gewogs namely Khatoed, Semjong, and Phangkhar under Gasa, Tsirang, and Zhemgang districts respectively. These study areas are located in different regions of the country with varying geographic locations, natural resources, altitudes, cultural diversity, lifestyles, and consumption patterns. The study envisioned narrowing the data gap, creating a yardstick for similar studies to be undertaken henceforth, and delivering sufficient and reliable information for informed decision-making for the successful progression of waste prevention and management programs to achieve"Zero Waste Bhutan", the vibrant vision of the country towards attaining zero waste society. On average, each household generated about 0.17 kg per day in the study areas and the per capita waste generation was 0.039 kg, 0.037 kg, and 0.032 kg a day in Khatoed, Semjong, and Phangkhar Gewogs respectively. On average, at least 72.9% practiced reduction, 86.8% reported that they reused, and 29.4% practiced recycling in their daily lives. At least 95.7%, 73.7%, and 82.1% of the household under Semjong, Phangkhar, and Khatoed Gewogs respectively practiced waste segregation into wet and dry at the source.
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Vijayaraghavan, Krishnaswami, Peter A. McCullough, Bhupinder Singh, Milan Gupta, Enas Enas, Viswanathan Mohan, Anoop Misra, Prakash Deedwania, and Eliot A. Brinton. "Cardiometabolic-Renal Disease in South Asians: Consensus Recommendations from the Cardio Renal Society of America." Cardiorenal Medicine 9, no. 4 (2019): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499341.
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Background: Rates of cardiometabolic-renal disease are extremely high among South Asians (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Nepal) residing in their home countries and worldwide. The Cardio Renal Society of America, National Kidney Foundation of Arizona, and Twinepidemic Inc. convened a task force to examine evidence and reach consensus regarding cardiometabolic-renal disease prevention in South Asians. The task force distilled the findings from 5 years of face-to-face and virtual meetings addressing questions derived from expert reviews of published data using the Delphi technique to create these consensus statements. Summary: Several high-quality observational studies document the high and increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiometabolic-renal disease among South Asians, starting well before adulthood, owing to genetic, cultural, and environmental factors. Despite the need for additional prospective studies, especially randomized trials, of educational, screening, and other prevention efforts, sufficient information is already available to expand and intensify ongoing efforts in professional and lay education to help control this epidemic. The task force proposes to provide this expansion over the next 10 years through scientific and lay publications and other educational programs to promote more effective action among the public, health care professionals, payers, and regulators in screening for and treating cardiometabolic-renal risk factors and preventing disease in South Asians, starting at an early age. Key Messages: These consensus statements describe risk factors and prognoses characteristic of South Asians regarding cardiometabolic-renal diseases, to aid physician decision-making, health care system delivery, and research initiatives to improve the quality of care for South Asians worldwide.
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Hussain, Saddam, Chunjiao Yu, and Liu Wan. "Energy – Growth Nexus- A Case of South Asian Countries." Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research 8, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.58.66.
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The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is a hot issue in today's society. This paper aims to empirically verify the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. This article analyzes the relation of energy consumption with the economic growth taking the case of South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) along with the macroeconomic determinants that affect the total economic growth – FDI growth, CPI rate and population growth in order to avoid omitted variable bias and misleading results. The time span of this study covers the period of 1980–2019. To examine the significant relation of these determinants and impact of energy consumption on economic growth, In-pooled regression, Fixed-effects, Bidirectional fixed effect, Random-effects, and GLS estimation regression model are used. The estimated results show a positive correlation of energy consumption and all other economic determinants with economic growth except CPI, where there is a negative correlation founded.
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Yangzom, Tshering, Tshering Cheki, Nirmala Koirala, and Dipsika Rai. "Knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 preventive measures among adults in Bhutan: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): e0278535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278535.
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The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major global health challenge. Preventive measures against the spread of COVID-19 require the involvement of all sections of society. Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 preventive measures influence human practices. We describe the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of COVID-19 preventive measure in Bhutan. This was a cross-sectional survey using multistage-cluster sampling involving participants from all 20 districts of the country. The knowledge was assessed using 12 items, attitude using 6 Likert items and practice using 10 items. There was total of 1708 respondents. The mean knowledge was 10.7, (SD = 1.5; range 0–12); 86.38% had good knowledge, 10.95% had average knowledge, 2.69% had poor knowledge. The common sources of knowledge were television (84.9%) and family and friends (74.7%). Those younger than 30 years were associated with good knowledge. The fear of contracting COVID-19 was reported by 96% and 86.4% agreed that appropriate preventive measures can help control the spread of COVID-19. Nearly all the respondents (97%) wore mask while going out and majority practiced good hand hygiene (87.9%) and proper cough etiquette (84.1%). The knowledge on COVID-19 preventive measures was good and the majority held positive attitudes and practices.
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Biton, Dr Bibungsar Swargiary. "AN OVERVIEW OF FAIR AND FESTIVALS OF THE BODOS AND PARTICIPATION OF WOMENFOLK." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 3, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i2.2022.139.
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The Bodos are the early settler of North-east India basically Assam and also inhabitants of neighboring countries of India like Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. Racially the Bodo belongs to the Mongoloid stock of the Indo-Mongoloids or Indo-Tibetans. The Bodos are most adventurous in their cultural activities. The Bodos are most close to nature. Hence, the maximum activities are closed to nature and their livelihood also depends on nature. The observation of the socio-cultural activities and their economy depends on nature. The Bodos observe diverse fairs and festivals at different times or seasons before cultivation, during the cultivation, and after the end of the cultivation. During the observation of the fair and festivals, all the people come to enjoy willingly together. The Bodos are very rich in their culture and tradition which are reflected quite in their fairs and festivals. The fair and festivals of the Bodos mostly related to agriculture and allied activities. These fairs and festivals are classified into three types of Seasonal festivals, Agricultural festivals, and religious festivals. In all the fairs and festivals womenfolk have a big contribution or role in Bodo society. The womenfolk are foremost part of the celebration of the fair and festivals of the Bodos.
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Lhamo, Namdu, Tshewang Lhendup, Cheku Dorji, and Gom Dorji. "THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT BUILDING TYPOLOGIES IN THIMPHU." Journal of Applied Engineering, Technology and Management 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.109.
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The building sector in Bhutan is responsible for 42% of total energy and consumes 242,916 TOE of thermal energy. The maximum thermal energy was used for space heating. As per the studies conducted on the energy efficiency of the buildings in Bhutan, the buildings are found to be the worst performance in terms of thermal and airtightness. Without the proper insulation, lack of choice of the building materials as per the climatic conditions and lacks of awareness in the society about the green building practices has led to poor indoor quality of life. Buildings located inthe high region are found to be uncomfortably cold during winter months.This research focuses on studying the thermal performance of different building typologies. The main findings of this research were on enhancing indoor thermal comfort and reducing heating energy demand by the incorporation of passive measures. The results were achieved by simulating the buildings in EnergyPlus software using the data collected from questionnaires and field surveys. The simulation results showed that among the investigated buildings, a concrete hollow block wall located at Kabesa has the less comfort hour of 15% at the existing condition. When passive interventions were incorporated into the building, the thermal comfort hours were achievable up to 32% with the load reduction potential of 65%.As for the traditional house with the adobe brick wall and timber wall at Changdagang, had more comfort hours than the building located at Kabesa. With the different set of passive intervention, it was found that comfort hour of 38% to 41% and load reduction of 25.9% can be achieved for the building with adobe brick wall and timber wall respectively. Whereas for stone masonry with cement mortar and RCC framed structure located at Begana and Langdru had a thermal comfort hour of more that 30%. However, RCC framed structure was reported to have huge demand for heating energy compared to stone masonry with cement mortar. The passive intervention prepared for RCC and stone masonry had the potential to achieve 41%-57% of thermal comfort hours. The results from all the investigated buildings revealed that the inclusion of passive design could improve indoor thermal comfort and can achieve a reduction in heating energy demand.
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Alessandrini, Donatella, and Suhraiya Jivraj. "Conceptualising the Economy-Society Nexus in Well-Being and Happiness Initiatives: Gross National Happiness in Business in Bhutan and Social Impact Bonds in the United Kingdom." International Critical Thought 7, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 526–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2017.1357482.
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Benuyenah, Vic, and Bharti Pandya. "Meaning of “employee happiness” within the context of complex organisations? An explanatory review on the UAE labour force." Rajagiri Management Journal 14, no. 2 (July 24, 2020): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ramj-04-2020-0012.
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Purpose In this study, the authors build on the current frameworks of happiness provided by the PERMA model, the World Happiness Report Index and the theoretical framework provided by the proponents of job-satisfaction model, motivation, employee engagement and commitment. The authors argue that, the existing theoretical framework in the management and the HR literature are just different aspects of a common goal – happiness. This position is consistent with the overall happiness projects championed by governments across the world, including the UK, Bhutan, several Scandinavian nations and essentially the United Arab Emirates. A chasm that currently exists in the literature is the availability of a universally acceptable definition for happiness and protocols for measuring happiness. The authors conclude that more research is required to keep pace with industry development relating to employee happiness initiatives. Design/methodology/approach Using quasi-literature review, the authors analysed selected studies on the theory of happiness to identify how each have treated the concept of happiness in organisations. Findings It is erroneous to promote national or international happiness initiatives without starting from the micro level – in this case, the institutions of society should start measuring happiness from the micro level to help understand what happiness actually means. Research limitations/implications As an opinion piece, its recommendations need to be applied cautiously. Originality/value Till date, only a few studies have explored the concept of happiness from micro-organisational level.
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Pratama, Fikri Surya, and Jupri Jupri. "Panas Dingin Kehidupan Keberagaman Kawasan Asia Selatan (Dari Masa Dinasti Mughal Hingga Kontemporer)." Tsaqofah dan Tarikh: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sejarah Islam 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ttjksi.v8i1.6500.
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The South Asian region itself is an area that has a history of people who aren’t free from conflict. This happens because disorganized of the diversity of society consisting of various races and religions. Islam which had triumphed in this region from the 8th century to the 18th century AD was enough to color the cultural life of the people of South Asia. This article aims to explain how the history and development of Muslim societies in South Asian countries from the Mughal Dynasty to the contemporary. The method used in this research is the historical research method, with the steps: 1) Heuristics or collection of sources collected through library research by searching for books, previous research journals and popular news sites that update on the situation of Muslims in the South Asian region; 2) Source Criticism, namely the activity of selecting sources based on their strengths; 3) Interpretation or research analysis stage; 4) historiography or the last stage of this research in the form of historical scientific writings. The results of the study show that countries such as India and Sri Lanka have quite complicated racial issues in their religious communities. Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Pakistan, which are Muslim-majority countries, are confused with their internal and political problems with India. The Maldives is able to become a good Muslim model country in the South Asian region, as well as good tolerance for Bhutan and Nepal which have Muslim minorities.Kawasan Asia Selatan sendiri merupakan wilayah yang memiliki sejarah masyarakat yang tak lepas dari konflik. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan tidak terorganisir keberagaman masyarakat yang terdiri dari berbagai macam ras dan agama. Islam yang sempat berjaya di kawasan ini sejak abad ke-8 hingga abad ke-18 M cukup mewarnai corak kebudayaan kehidupan masyarakat Asia Selatan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sejarah dan perkembangan masyarakat muslim di negara-negara Asia Selatan dari masa Dinasti Mughal hingga kontemporer. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah, dengan langkahnya: 1) Heuristik atau pengumpulan sumber yang dikumpulkan lewat studi pustaka dengan mencari buku-buku, jurnal penelitian terdahulu dan situs berita populer yang update mengenai situasi ummat Muslim di kawasan Asia Selatan; 2) Kritik Sumber yakni kegiatan menyeleksi sumber-sumber berdasarkan kekuatannya; 3) Interpretasi atau tahap analisis penelitian; 4) historiografi atau tahap terakhir penelitian ini berupa karya tulis ilmiah sejarah. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwasannya negara-negara seperti India dan Sri Lanka memiliki persoalan rasial yang cukup rumit dalam ummat beragamanya. Bangladesh, Afganistan dan Pakistan tang menjadi negara mayoritas muslim dipusingkan dengan persoalan internal negara dan politik mereka dengan India. Maladewa mampu menjadi negara percontohan muslim yang baik di kawasan Asia Selatan, serta toleransi yang bagus juga pada Bhutan dan Nepal yang memiliki kelompok minoritas muslim.
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Tejativaddhana, Phudit, David Briggs, Orapin Singhadej, and Reggie Hinoguin. "Developing primary health care in Thailand." Public Administration and Policy 21, no. 1 (July 2, 2018): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-06-2018-005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe progress in an across sectorial approach to primary health care at the district health service (DHS) level in Thailand in response to recent innovative national public policy directions which have been enshrined in constitutional doctrine and publicly endorsed by the Prime Minister. This paper describes one response to the Prime Minister’s challenge for Thailand to become the centre of learning in the sub-region in health management. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilised a descriptive case study approach utilising an analysis of the Naresuan University initiative of establishing the College of Health Systems Management (NUCHSM). Within that case study, there is a focus on challenges relevant to the socio-economic determinants of health (SOED) and an emphasis on utilising Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the DHS structure. Findings The findings describe the establishment of the NUCHSM. A Master of Science (Health Systems Management) by research and a PhD degree have been created and supported by an international faculty. The Thailand International Cooperation Agency recognised NUCHSM by providing scholarships. International students are from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Kenya, Malawi and Timor Leste. Research consultancy projects include two in Lao People’s Democratic Republic; plus, a prototype DHS management system responsive to SDG attainment; and a project to establish a sustainable Ageing Society philosophy for a Thai municipality. Originality/value The case study on NUCHSM and its antecedents in its development have demonstrated originality in a long-standing international collaboration, and it has been recognised by the national government to provide scholarships to citizens of the countries in the sub-region to undertake postgraduate studies in health management. The concept of learning from each other and together, simultaneously as a group, through action research projects funded to enhance the evolution of DHSs is innovative.
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Brudnicki, Piotr. "Turbokapitalizm – szanse i zagrożenia rozwoju w warunkach gospodarki wysoko rozwiniętej." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 4 (November 29, 2013): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2013.4.6.
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This paper acquainted readers with the concept of turbo-capitalism as a form of capitalism. The person who precisely defi ne this is Edward Luttwak, term of turbo-capitalism through free markets, privatization, globalization and deregulation. The paper set the basic differences between capitalism and turbo-capitalism. Economic stability and job security is for the individual “better tomorrow”. The development of technology and faster flow of information should promote economic development and economic progress of modern states. I would like to draw. the attention on the fact that turbo-capitalism is focused on maximizing profits, which does not solve social problems. National governments are losing economic strenght and, consequently, reduces social welfare and does not prevent crime and terrorism. Multiplication of turbo-capitalism profits leads to the increase of unemployment and therefore social pathology. This paper shows that the wellbeing, which is the main objective of turbo-capitalism, could not be the main goal of politics and society as it improves the material status of a few individuals, while it does not bring happiness to the majority. My work in this area is a “voice” of the wise limitations of turbo-capitalism, because this process uncontrolled can lead to the destruction of mankind. I tried to show that turbo-capitalism is the greatest threat to democracy. Capitalism could not focus on the individual, because it leads to “loneliness” of people in a wide range. In my work I have acquainted the reader with the situation created in Bhutan, during the inventions of civilization. I had presented in this work opportunities for Third World countries through the free movement of capital, modern technologies and investments. The reader has to understand, however, that the information revolution brings very big threat to humanity. The Industrial Revolution leads t o rapid growth in employment and decline of information technology indicators at one time. The reader should learn from the negative effects of the American turbo-capitalism and help to develop positive qualities.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Lubna Naznin, Susane Giti, Md Saiful Islam, and Nasima Khatun. "Premarital health screening a review and update." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 10, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22934.
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Introduction: In Bangladesh among inherited genetic diseases, thalassaemias and haemoglobinopathies are common and cause significant morbidity and mortality and impose a heavy financial burden on our society. Through premarital testing it is possible to reduce the number of children affected with genetic or other blood transmitted diseases. Aim: This review aims to motivate the general populations and reanimate the interest of stakeholders involved in the management of inherited genetic disorders and put forward the recommendations and proposal for implementing premarital screening programmes in Bangladesh. Materials & Methods: Relevant literatures were retrieved from different journals and web pages to highlight the definition, advantages and importance of premarital screening, types of investigation in the screening programmes and system of implementing this programme. Discussion: Review of different literature indicates that premarital screening programme is a complex social, religious and moral issue generating legal concerns regarding the infringement of fundamental liberty, the right to marry and the implications of involuntary withdrawal of blood. In regions where inherited genetic disorders are high, knowledge and outcome of the diseases and uptake of voluntary counseling is low. This is probably because these disorders are greater in developing and under developed countries where literacy and level of understanding are low. Culture and individual attitudes also have a role in the success of testing. 103 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 1 (June) 2014 In Asia, voluntary premarital screening programmes began for inherited and sexually transmitted diseases in countries like China, Taiwan, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Singapore and Thailand but no data is available regarding premarital screening programmes in Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Bangladesh. Conclusion: Paucity of resources and trained health professionals in the area of medical genetics are major impediments in implementing premarital screening programmes in Bangladesh. Besides, religious beliefs, cultural norms, social customs as well as illiteracy may be the other barriers in performing the premarital screening programmes in Bangladesh. But it is high time to undertake motivational programmes and pilot projects to implement the premarital screening programmes in order to reduce the inherited genetic disorders, especially thalassaemias and haemoglobinopathies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22934 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014
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Raju, P. L. N., D. Chutia, N. Nishant, J. Goswami, and R. Anil Kumar. "PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION THROUGH TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN SPACE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES AMONG BIMSTEC COUNTRIES – A GOVERNMENT OF INDIA INITIATIVE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (August 24, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-29-2020.
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Abstract. India is one of the top space-faring nations in the world, which not only to build satellites and launches them using indigenously developed launch vehicles but also spearheads the use of space technology for many applications at the national and international level. Training, education and capacity building (TECB) are important components in promoting the use of space technology, thereby benefitting the society. North Eastern Space Applications Centre (NESAC) is one of many institutions under the umbrella of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Department of Space (DOS) which is responsible for promoting TECB at National level. ISRO / DOS also supports TECB at an International level through many initiatives such as IIRS – ITC JEP, UN-CSSTEAP, CEOS, UNSPIDER, UN-FAO, WMO, Commonwealth, and BIMSTEC etc. NESAC established in 2000, initiated capacity building and spearheaded Outreach programs from 2019 in the North East Region of India. Prime Minister of India announced in the plenary meeting of BIMSTEC(Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Summit at Kathmandu, Nepal in August 2018, recognizing NESAC to conduct space technology training programs of two weeks and 3 months for BIMSTEC Countries every year for the next five years with full financial support from Government of India. The first two week training program on “capacity building on the earth observation applications and research” was successfully conducted for 24 participants, four participants each representing Bangladesh, Bhutan, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The participants are from User Departments, Science and Technology Ministries, Space Organizations and Academia and Research Institutions. The training benefitted the participants from state of the art training facilities and experienced faculties from NESAC/ISRO/Academia from across India. The summary of feedback from the participants (excellent – 57%, good – 40%, average – 2.6% and poor – 0.4%) indicates that the course is very much useful as it has enhanced their knowledge in earth observation, geospatial analysis capabilities that will be put into use on their return. The training and capacity building has opened new vistas of cooperation and possible collaboration between BIMSTEC countries ranging from availing satellite data, expansion and access to data sharing portals, creating knowledge network to promote young researchers and expert sharing within the region, further to expand the capacity building by initiating distance learning programs, taking up joint research and application projects, etc. The rich experience of conducting a unique program, one of its kind and detailed feedback and possible expansion of BIMSTEC programs in the future is presented in the paper.
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Lande-Marghade, Pallavi. "Anaesthesia TV: Beginning of a New Revolution!" Journal of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Reports 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jaccr.2018.v04i01.075.
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How about attending an online live streaming conference happening at Hawaii from the comforts of your home, doesn’t that sound exciting? Well, honestly speaking we cannot deny the invasion of technology into our day-to-day lives. The amalgamation of the technology into social media disseminating vital information is very evident. On 27th April our sister concern, Anaesthesia TV performed live streaming of the regional anaesthesia conference called PRAC 2018 (Pune Regional Anaesthesia Conference). This was the first time in the history of anaesthesia conferences in India, where it was streamed online and received a magnanimous response with over 7430 viewers across the globe over the period of two days. Viewers were from more than 30 countries namely India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, USA, UK, Brazil Egypt, Iran, Iraq, UAE, Muscat, Australia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Somalia, Bhutan, China Syria, Maldives Sudan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Russia. Thus, giving it a global outreach in a true sense. It was an excellent opportunity for the digital generation for broader content dissemination even to the remotest areas. We received excellent feedback from all the viewers regarding very good quality audiovisual transmission. Viewers also enjoyed re-running of the sessions they missed out or were interested over and over again. Anaesthesia TV relies on the concept of academic philanthropy and technology. It provides a unique concept of retaining the presentations on the website creating a record for posterity for both the speakers as well as the conference organizers. It is a joint effort undertaken by Dr Ashok Shyam who has founded Ortho TV and myself. The conference details will be available for posterity for a long time. Currently details of conferences and organisers are lost once the conference website goes offline [which happens in a year]. By putting conference details on Anaesthesia TV, the details will be available online on our website and the entire program can be put up in pdf format. Anaesthesia TV will also post the details of the conference and links to program and conference websites on our portals [Anaesthesia TV, Facebook, Twitter, etc]. This will help popularize the conference and get more delegates for the event. Information about the conference can be put up on our website much before the conference. All videos will be organized on Anaesthesia TV under the banner of the conference and this itself will work as a marketing tool for the society and conference which will help in adding to the reputation of the society. The primary aim of every speaker is to showcase their work and share their knowledge with peers. Anaesthesia TV will provide an open access forum where this knowledge can be showcased in front of the world and give a chance of worldwide recognition for the speaker. Since the portal is a global platform it will also invite comments and suggestions from peers across the globe and also develop new connections and networks. Every video will be in a journal article format with proper scientific citation. Anyone who wishes to refer to the video can use that citation in their paper publication or presentation. This will be indexed primarily with Google scholar and possibly with other indexing bodies and will definitely add to citation list and H index of every speaker author. It will let the speaker earn academic credits for a conference presentation similar to a paper. This will be a great benefit in building ones academic credentials. One of the major benefits is the record that will exist for posterity in the author’s name. Even after years, people can listen to your talk and benefit from it. One of the many advantages of online conference is its cost-effectiveness for the audience. It saves the extraneous cost of travel, accommodation and food expenses. The authors however do not encourage this every time as it loses the chance for face to face networking with other professionals. One would also lose out on other social opportunities to interact and put the questions to the speakers themselves. But nevertheless it is very convenient and accessible and you could attend education sessions right from the comforts of your home. In case you were keen on attending in hall A which clashes with the session of interest in hall B you can catch up later through the recordings. On the lighter note there is no need to stress about the wardrobe. A few tips to make most of the online conferences 1. Put in on the calendar 2. Make attendance a priority- avoid distractions at home, work 3. Engage in the live or social events which can impact discussions 4. Buy full access whenever possible. As long as you have Internet connection and a smart phone, tablet or a computer use them wisely and you can garner much of the same value from the experience. Make the most of it! If you have tried one and loved it tell more people about it! Spread the word and more online opportunities will arise. It’s time for us to go social! Visit us at www.anaesthesiatv.com
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Ghimire, Ajnish. "Explore the unexplored: Potential anti-tumor properties of Rhododendron against bladder cancer." International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.55530/ijmbiosnepal.v5i2.35.
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As cancer cases are increasing worldwide, various methods for the treatment of cancer are still ongoing. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of both major and minor ailments have been practiced since ancient days. Rhododendron is an evergreen tree that belongs to the family Ericaceae with distribution in most regions of the world. Studies have shown cytotoxic effects of the plant against cancer cell lines supporting the anti-cancer properties . However, the anticancer effect of Rhododendron on the cell lines responsible for bladder cancer remains unexplored. Bladder cancer ranks as the ninth most common cancer worldwide with developing countries contributing to more than 60% of the bladder cancer incidence and mortality above 50%. Various assays such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , growth inhibition assay and techniques such as flow scytometry can be performed to examine the extract of various Rhododendron species against a variety of bladder cancer cell lines.Various modalities are used for the treatment of carcinoma bladder including chemotherape utic agents and surgical removal of bladder to name a few, which have their own benefits and drawbacks. Hence, exploring the anticancer effect of Rhododendron against bladder carcinoma could be promising, since it can be naturally synthesized, and is expected to have lesser side effects in comparison to the chemically synthesized drugs. The American Cancer Society estimates 83,730 new cases of bladder cancer in the United States. The carcinoma of bladder is commonly positioned in the urinary tract and gender wise distribution shows that it is the fourth most common cancer among men and eight most common cancer among women. The most common risk factor for bladder cancer is smoking and it has been estimated that the exposure to aromatic amines and arsenic also possesses serious threat to bladder cancer. It is found that 80% of bladder cancer are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with the remaining accounting for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The recurrence rate for NMIBC is found to be 60 to 70%. Despite Transurethral resection (TUR), the first line treatment for bladder cancer, it is still likely that 60-90% of NMIBC bladder cancer will reoccur. Likewise, radical cystectomy is another standard treatment for MIBC. However, within a duration of 2 year’s, approximately 50% of MIBC patients have a 50% chance of developing metastases and even after surgery, the survival rate is 50%. Cisplatin based chemotherapy is the first line treatment for advanced and critical stages of bladder cancer. Regardless of initial high response rate, the long-term survival chances are low. Studies have found that the adverse side effects of cisplatin-based treatment include damage in the renal tubules, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, and bloodstream infection. Hence, finding an alternative treatment for bladder cancer is necessary to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy. Natural agents could be one of the potential sources of cancer treatment. Plants have been used as natural medicine since ancient days because of antioxidant properties and studies have found that medicinal plants can be used to eliminate the side effects of chemotherapy. Rhododendron is one of the ornamental plants which is found especially in the Himalayan range of India, Nepal, and Bhutan. Only few studies have been conducted so far, to explore the anticancer effects of Rhododendron and has shown anti-proliferative activity against lung carcinoma cells via apoptosis. The leaf extract of Rhododendron arboreum and Rhododendron campanulatum inhibited the growth of cervical (HeLa) cancer cells by 60%. Hyperin, an active metabolite in Manchurian Rhododendron, inhibits the growth of human endometrial cancer cells. Based on the evidence and study, it is hypothesized that the flower of Rhododendron shows potential growth inhibitory effect against bladder cancer cell lines. It would be novel to use the extract prepared from the flower and leaf of Rhododendron species against bladder cancer. Various assays need to be carried out to explore the potential anticancer mechanism. Hence, growth inhibition assay, cytotoxicity assay (Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay), Cell Survival Assay, Flow Cytometry technique can be performed. The active metabolites present in the prepared extract can be identified by using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) and for structural identification of those metabolites, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging is essential. However, demonstrative research on in-vitro and in-vivo studies are required for the potential discovery of anti-cancer molecules. Previous studies have shown the cytotoxic properties of Rhododendron flower extract on breast and colon cancer cell lines. From the cytotoxicity assay, it is expected that the extract prepared could also have a cytotoxic effect on bladder cancer cell lines. The extract is expected to lyse the bladder cancer cell line by releasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) without affecting the normal cell line. From the growth inhibition assay, the growth of bladder cancer cell lines could be expected to undergo inhibition by the extract prepared from the Rhododendron as compared to the negative control. From the flow cytometry assay, it can be assumed that the extract prepared from Rhododendron could exhibit apoptosis-like effect. Furthermore, the increasing concentration of extract can induce apoptosis. Further analysis of caspase activity can be examined by zymography assay. From LCMS, it can be expected that the extract of Rhododendron species from Nepal, could have active compounds like quercetin, coumaric acid, rutin and other novel compounds. If in-vitro studies show positive results, in-vivo studies can be further performed. BALB/c Nude Mouse can be used for clinical experiments. The bladder tumor can be induced in the mouse by intraperitoneal injection (ip). The mice can be divided into three groups: control, cisplatin treated, and Rhododendron treated. The mouse should be housed in a pathogen-free condition with constant temperature and humidity. It is expected that the tumor size of the mice treated with Rhododendron extract could reduce in size with less side effects than the mice treated with cisplatin. Despite the availability of a variety of treatment options there are chances of recurrence of bladder cancers with many side effects. There is an urgent need in finding novel alternative cancer treatment with lesser side effects. It is therefore necessary to study the potential anticancer properties of the Rhododendron plant and it’s species that could lead to the development of anticancer drugs.
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Ansari, Mohammad Sultan Ahmad, and Shad Ahmad Khan. "FDI, disinvestment and growth: an appraisal of Bhutanese economy." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, March 6, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-05-2022-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to appraise the influence and challenges of direct disinvestment or through foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Kingdom of Bhutan, particularly to identify the inflow of disinterment post pandemic and how it can be improved. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigated the influence of FDI on Bhutan’s economy by analyzing secondary published data by Asian Development Bank and government agencies of Bhutan. To find out the role FDI has played in the growth of the Bhutanese Economy. Findings The FDI is not playing a major role in the nation’s economy so far. However, its potential cannot be ignored as there is a need for foreign currency and expertise in the country. Furthermore, government policies are directly influencing the inflow of foreign exchange that affects the Bhutan’s economy. FDI has not increased considerably because of self-imposed restrictions blocking government policies. Research limitations/implications This research is based on the data collected from secondary sources, which could be considered as the main limitation of this study. The Himalayan kingdom is not much open to the outside world in terms of the publication and availability of the data. Researchers put their best effort in retrieving secondary data from authentic sources. Practical implications This research has direct implications from an institutional perspective on the government policies and procedures. This study throws light on the elements that might help in improving Bhutan’s economy, employment and productivity for an overall development of economy. Social implications Bhutan and similar countries need to understand the pros and cons of having FDIs. This study might help the government and the civil society to understand the trends FDI has triggered in the nation over last 30 years, and will help them to make appropriate policies and regulations dealing with foreign investments. Originality/value This paper underwrites the influence of disinvestment on Bhutan’s economy, which can revolutionize business, entrepreneurship and institutions. This research was conducted by analyzing secondary data released by authorized agencies, which indicated the lower inflow of foreign exchange and how to improve further.
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Chhetri, Ramesh K., S. Dorji, Tshering Dorji, and Sangay Wangchuk. "Situating the Efficacy of Certificate Course in Social Work: A Case of First-Ever Course in Bhutan." Research on Social Work Practice, June 9, 2021, 104973152110112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497315211011249.
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Purpose: With the transition of political, economic, and social scenario in Bhutan, the civil society organizations (CSOs) have been expanding over the years. However, a paucity of trained social workers in Bhutan has compelled the CSOs to recruit employees with varying degrees. Considering such situation, this study was designed to understand the efficacy of Bhutan’s first-ever certificate course in social work offered by Samtse College of Education from the vantage point of the participants. Method: It adopted a convergent parallel mixed-method design, primarily employing questionnaires and semistructured individual interviews. Results: The study found the certificate course to be highly effective in enhancing the professional competence of the social workers in Bhutan. Discussion: The study supports the need to provide similar courses to hundreds of untrained social workers in Bhutan who are aspiring to upgrade their professional competence.
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Thinley, Jigmi Y., and Janette Hartz-Karp. "National progress, sustainability and higher goals: the case of Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness." Sustainable Earth 2, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42055-019-0022-9.
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Abstract Background The context of this study is the predominant global paradigm for measuring national progress, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which has resulted in an over-emphasis on production and consumption that in turn, is exhausting the planet’s capacity to sustain life. This study examines the potential for a new paradigm of development that can propel human society in a more meaningful, sustainable direction. Results Critiques of the GDP are overviewed, but the key critique is that if sustainability, human survival, is our key goal, then GDP, aiming at boundless material wealth, is driving us in the wrong direction. To drive a new sustainable, more meaningful way of life, we need an overarching paradigm with integrated, localized indicators that are internationally accepted as the measures of each nation’s progress. Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index exemplifies this. Based on the lived experience of a key GNH instigator, its nine domains are explained: Living standard, Health, Education, Ecological diversity and resilience, Cultural diversity and resilience, Community vitality, Time use, Psychological wellbeing, and Good governance. These have informed and been informed by the Sustainable Development Goals. It is outlined how the GNH Index guides development, allocates resources according to the targets set, measures people’s happiness, and measures progress over time and geography. Conclusion The economic paradigm underlying the GDP - that the purpose of life is to become rich - is enabling our unsustainability. To enable future sustainability, we need to reconceptualize our concept of national progress. Moreover, since sustainability is effectively a euphemism for survival, then surely, as intelligent, sensitive beings, shouldn’t we be pursuing a higher, shared goal? For the Bhutanese, this is ‘happiness’ - a paradigm that encompasses the pursuit of meaningful societal progress by balancing the physical with mental, the material with spiritual, within a safe and stable environment, with the purpose of realizing happiness. Though the Bhutanese do not claim to have reached a state of national happiness, Bhutan has maintained happiness as its overriding goal, with the tool’s philosophy, authority and accountability driving this in everyday life.